Hydrogen energy driving dolly model teaching aid

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrogen energy driving trolley model teaching aid, and particularly relates to the technical field of experiment teaching aids, and the hydrogen energy driving trolley model teaching aid comprises a detachable modular architecture which comprises a carrier assembly, a fuel cell assembly, a hydrogen storage module and an intelligent control module, and all the modules are rapidly connected through standard buckle interfaces; according to the integrated fuel cell assembly, a proton exchange membrane, a platinum-carbon catalyst layer and a composite graphite bipolar plate are integrally packaged by adopting an ultrasonic welding technology, and a traditional bolt fixing structure is omitted. Assembling is greatly simplified through modular buckle connection, the stability is improved through ultrasonic welding, the hydrogen utilization rate is improved through a multi-stage buffer device, and precise hydrogen supply is achieved through intelligent closed-loop control; in terms of safety, the leakage risk is quickly responded through triple protection; in the teaching function, the OLED screen visualizes data in real time, wireless transmission is convenient to manage, multi-module replacement and gradient experiments are supported, multidisciplinary knowledge is covered, different teaching requirements are met, and practicability and teaching value are both achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of experimental teaching aids, and particularly relates to a hydrogen energy-driven trolley model teaching aid. Background Art

[0002] In the middle school chemistry teaching system, as a typical representative of new energy batteries, hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells are introduced into textbooks to help students understand the principle and process of the efficient conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy, and to cultivate students' awareness and exploration enthusiasm for the new energy field. However, many problems that need to be solved urgently have emerged in the actual teaching application of current conventional hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell devices:

[0003] Analysis of Defects in Existing Patents

[0004] High structural complexity and maintenance difficulty: The battery assembly includes more than 15 components such as the hydrogen inlet outer plate, inner plate, conductive cloth, etc., which need to be locked layer by layer with bolts and nuts, and the assembly steps are as many as 23 steps. It is easy for non-professionals to make mistakes.

[0005] Low hydrogen utilization rate: The hydrogen storage tank is directly connected to the battery assembly through a gas pipeline, lacking buffer and flow optimization design, resulting in insufficient hydrogen reaction and utilization rate less than 50%.

[0006] Insufficient control accuracy: Only relying on the flow rate regulating valve to control the hydrogen supply, lacking a real-time monitoring and feedback mechanism for parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature, it is difficult to accurately control the running state of the trolley.

[0007] Safety hazards: The airtightness of the gas pipeline and valve is insufficient, there is a risk of hydrogen leakage; no leakage detection or overpressure protection device is configured;

[0008] Single teaching function: Only demonstrating the energy conversion process, lacking functions such as experimental data visualization and multi-scenario expansion, it is difficult to meet the needs of gradient teaching. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen energy-driven trolley model teaching aid to solve the above deficiencies in the technology.

[0010] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A hydrogen energy-driven trolley model teaching aid, including: A detachable modular architecture: including a carrier assembly, a fuel cell assembly, a hydrogen storage module, and an intelligent control module, and each module is quickly connected through a standardized snap-fit interface;

[0011] An integrated fuel cell assembly: Using ultrasonic welding technology to integrally package the proton exchange membrane, platinum-carbon catalyst layer, and composite graphite bipolar plate, canceling the traditional bolt fixing structure;

[0012] Hydrogen Supply Optimization System: A multi-stage buffer device is set at the outlet of the hydrogen storage module, including a vortex diversion chamber and a gradient microporous ceramic diffusion membrane, and the hydrogen utilization rate is increased to 72% ± 2%;

[0013] Intelligent Closed-loop Control System: Integrates a temperature sensor, a hydrogen flow meter, a voltage / current monitoring unit and a microcontroller, dynamically adjusts a precision regulating valve driven by a stepper motor through the PID algorithm, with a control accuracy of ±0.05 ml / min and a response time < 100 ms;

[0014] Triple Safety Protection System: Adopts a nano-ceramic sealing ring, a MEMS hydrogen sensor and an acoustic-optic alarm module, reducing the leakage risk to < 0.005 ml / h;

[0015] Teaching Function Expansion Module: An OLED display screen is set on the top of the carrier assembly, which can display voltage (0 - 10V), current (0 - 5A), hydrogen flow rate (0 - 200 ml / min), temperature (0 - 150 °C) and the energy conversion efficiency curve in real time, and is built-in with a wireless transmission module, supporting dual-mode communication of Bluetooth 5.2 and WiFi6, and synchronizing data to the teaching management platform.

[0016] Preferably, the vortex diversion chamber of the multi-stage buffer device adopts a spiral gradually expanding flow channel design, and the cross-sectional area expands according to the Fibonacci sequence ratio along the gas flow direction. The diffusion membrane is a silicon nitride-silicon carbide composite porous ceramic with a gradient porosity distribution (50 μm at the inlet end → 20 μm at the outlet end).

[0017] Preferably, the fuel cell assembly supports modular replacement of two types: PEMFC and SOFC. Each module is equipped with a magnetic adsorption interface and a dedicated experiment manual, and the manual contains 15 gradient experiment items such as "Basic Energy Conversion Experiment" and "Hydrogen Flow Optimization Experiment".

[0018] Preferably, the hydrogen storage module provides three replaceable solutions: high-pressure metal hydrogen storage, low-pressure alloy hydrogen storage and chemical hydrogen production. The interfaces of each module conform to the ISO13940 standard, and the chemical hydrogen production module integrates a solar water electrolysis unit with an electrolysis efficiency ≥ 85%.

[0019] Preferably, the safety protection system is additionally provided with a self-locking quick gas cut-off valve. When the MEMS sensor detects that the hydrogen concentration > 1% LEL or the pressure fluctuation > 10%, the gas cut-off valve is triggered to close and the acoustic-optic alarm is started. At the same time, a warning signal is sent to the teacher's terminal through the wireless module.

[0020] Preferably, the chassis of the carrier assembly adopts a 3D printed hollow structure, with a 40% reduction in mass, and integrates an adjustable suspension system to support different road surface simulation experiments; the wheels are equipped with magnetic encoders to feedback the rotational speed and torque data to the display screen in real time.

[0021] Preferably, the microcontroller is built - in with AI algorithms, which can optimize the hydrogen supply strategy according to historical experimental data and generate an experimental report, including an efficiency comparison chart, abnormal condition analysis, and improvement suggestions.

[0022] In the above - mentioned technical solution, the technical effects and advantages provided by the present invention are as follows:

[0023] 1. Adopting a detachable modular architecture, each component is quickly connected through a standardized snap - fit interface. The assembly steps are reduced from 23 steps to several steps, avoiding the cumbersome operation of traditional bolt fixation. Non - professional personnel can easily complete assembly and disassembly, significantly reducing the error probability. The integrated fuel cell components use ultrasonic welding technology for integrated packaging, eliminating a large number of parts and bolt structures, and significantly improving the stability and maintainability of the device.

[0024] 2. In the hydrogen supply optimization system, the multi - stage buffer device at the outlet of the hydrogen storage module, through the unique spiral - shaped gradually expanding flow channel design of the vortex diversion cavity and the gradient microporous ceramic diffusion membrane, enables hydrogen to form a stable flow and uniform diffusion, making full contact with the reactants in the fuel cell, and increasing the hydrogen utilization rate from less than 50% to 72% ± 2%, effectively reducing hydrogen waste.

[0025] 3. The intelligent closed - loop control system integrates multiple sensors to real - time monitor key parameters such as temperature, hydrogen flow rate, voltage, and current, and dynamically adjusts the precision regulating valve through the PID algorithm. The control accuracy reaches ±0.05 ml / min, and the response time is < 100 ms. It can flexibly and accurately regulate the hydrogen supply amount according to the running state of the trolley to ensure stable and efficient operation.

[0026] 4. The triple - safety protection system uses a nano - ceramic sealing ring to improve the sealing performance of the connection part, and cooperates with a highly sensitive MEMS hydrogen sensor to real - time monitor the hydrogen concentration. Once the hydrogen concentration > 1% LEL or the pressure fluctuation > 10% is detected, the self - locking type quick - cut - off valve is triggered to close within 0.1 ms, and the sound and light alarm is started. At the same time, the warning signal is sent to the teacher's terminal to comprehensively reduce the risk of hydrogen leakage.

[0027] 5. The teaching function expansion module visually displays 5 types of parameters and the energy conversion efficiency curve in real - time through an OLED display screen, with a refresh rate of 10 Hz, helping students intuitively understand the experimental principle. The built - in wireless transmission module supports dual - mode communication of Bluetooth 5.2 and WiFi6, realizing data synchronization to the teaching management platform. In addition, it supports the replacement of multiple types of fuel cells and hydrogen storage modules, and is equipped with a special manual for 15 gradient - type experimental projects, covering multiple disciplinary knowledge fields, meeting different teaching needs from basic cognition to advanced research. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall framework structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the operation steps flow of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0031] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following will further introduce the present invention in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0032] The present invention provides a hydrogen energy-driven trolley model teaching aid as shown in Figures 1 to 2 and includes:

[0033] Detachable modular architecture: including a carrier component, a fuel cell component, a hydrogen storage module, and an intelligent control module, and each module is quickly connected through a standardized snap interface;

[0034] Integrated fuel cell component: The proton exchange membrane, platinum-carbon catalytic layer, and composite graphite bipolar plate are integrally encapsulated by ultrasonic welding technology, and the traditional bolt fixing structure is cancelled;

[0035] Hydrogen supply optimization system: A multi-stage buffer device is arranged at the outlet of the hydrogen storage module, including a vortex diversion cavity and a gradient microporous ceramic diffusion membrane, and the hydrogen utilization rate is increased to 72% ± 2%;

[0036] Intelligent closed-loop control system: Integrating a temperature sensor, a hydrogen flowmeter, a voltage / current monitoring unit, and a microcontroller, dynamically adjusting the precision regulating valve driven by a stepper motor through the PID algorithm, with a control accuracy of ±0.05 ml / min and a response time < 100 ms;

[0037] Triple safety protection system: Using a nano-ceramic sealing ring, a MEMS hydrogen sensor, and an audible and visual alarm module, reducing the leakage risk to < 0.005 ml / h;

[0038] Teaching function expansion module: An OLED display screen is provided on the top of the carrier component, which can real-time display voltage (0 - 10 V), current (0 - 5 A), hydrogen flow rate (0 - 200 ml / min), temperature (0 - 150 °C), and the energy conversion efficiency curve, and is built-in with a wireless transmission module, supporting dual-mode communication of Bluetooth 5.2 and WiFi6, and synchronizing data to the teaching management platform;

[0039] The vortex diversion chamber of the multi-stage buffer device adopts a spiral gradually expanding flow channel design, and the cross-sectional area expands according to the Fibonacci sequence ratio along the air flow direction. The diffusion membrane is a silicon nitride-silicon carbide composite porous ceramic with a gradient distribution of porosity (50μm at the inlet end → 20μm at the outlet end).

[0040] The fuel cell assembly supports modular replacement of both PEMFC and SOFC types. Each module is equipped with a magnetic interface and a dedicated experimental manual, which contains 15 gradient experimental items such as "Basic Energy Conversion Experiment" and "Hydrogen Flow Optimization Experiment".

[0041] The hydrogen storage module provides three replaceable solutions: high-pressure metal hydrogen storage, low-pressure alloy hydrogen storage, and chemical hydrogen production. The interfaces of each module comply with the ISO13940 standard. The chemical hydrogen production module integrates a solar water electrolysis unit with an electrolysis efficiency ≥ 85%.

[0042] The safety protection system is equipped with a self-locking quick gas cut-off valve. When the MEMS sensor detects that the hydrogen concentration > 1% LEL or the pressure fluctuation > 10%, the gas cut-off valve is triggered to close and an audible and visual alarm is started. At the same time, a warning signal is sent to the teacher's terminal through the wireless module.

[0043] The chassis of the carrier assembly adopts a 3D printed hollow structure, with a 40% reduction in mass, and integrates an adjustable suspension system to support different road surface simulation experiments; the wheels are equipped with magnetic encoders to real-time feedback the rotational speed and torque data to the display screen.

[0044] The microcontroller is built-in with an AI algorithm, which can optimize the hydrogen supply strategy according to historical experimental data and generate an experimental report, including efficiency comparison charts, abnormal condition analysis, and improvement suggestions.

[0045] The AI optimization algorithm built into the microcontroller is based on the principle of reinforcement learning in machine learning, with the goal of maximizing hydrogen utilization efficiency. The algorithm continuously tries and makes mistakes, and learns the optimal hydrogen supply strategy according to historical experimental data (including hydrogen flow rate, voltage, current, temperature, energy conversion efficiency, etc. under different working conditions). The core process is as follows:

[0046] State definition: The current parameters such as hydrogen flow rate, voltage, current, temperature, etc. are used as the system state S.

[0047] Action definition: The opening adjustment operation of the precision regulating valve is used as the action A.

[0048] Reward definition: The increase in hydrogen utilization efficiency is used as the reward R.

[0049] The algorithm selects action A according to the current state S. After executing the action, it observes the changes in the system state and the obtained reward R. By continuously adjusting the strategy, it learns a hydrogen supply strategy that maximizes the long-term cumulative reward and generates an experimental report containing an efficiency comparison chart, an analysis of abnormal working conditions, and improvement suggestions.

[0050] Implementation Column 1

[0051] The carrier component serves as the basic support of the trolley and is made of lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy material. It is precision machined to form a standardized card slot structure. Snap-fit interfaces matching the card slots are set at the edges of the fuel cell component, the hydrogen storage module, and the intelligent control module. The snap has an elastic locking tongue that automatically engages after being inserted into the card slot to achieve quick connection. For example, when preparing junior high school chemistry classroom experiments, teachers or students only need to press the modules against the card slots, and the assembly can be completed within 5 steps. Compared with the traditional device that requires 23 steps of bolt fixation, it saves a lot of time. Moreover, when different functional modules need to be replaced to adapt to different teaching contents, it can be easily disassembled by pressing the locking tongue, realizing multi-scenario teaching switching.

[0052] Implementation Column 2

[0053] In actual production, first lay the proton exchange membrane flat on the composite graphite bipolar plate, and evenly coat the platinum-carbon catalyst layer through a high-precision spraying device. Subsequently, place the three on the fixture of the ultrasonic welding equipment, set the welding power to 800W and the welding time to 0.5s. Under high-frequency vibration, the interface molecules of each material penetrate and fuse with each other to form an integrated packaging structure. When conducting teaching experiments, if it is necessary to switch from the PEMFC module to the SOFC module, just bring the magnetic interface close to the corresponding position. Under the action of strong magnetic force, the module is automatically adsorbed and aligned, and at the same time, the electrical contacts of the interface are accurately docked. With the guidance of a special experimental manual, students can independently complete the module replacement and conduct different types of fuel cell experiments.

[0054] Implementation Column 3

[0055] The vortex diversion cavity at the outlet of the hydrogen storage module is processed using numerical control machining technology and designed with a flow channel strictly according to the Fibonacci sequence ratio. Taking the inlet cross-sectional area of 10mm 2 as an example, following the law of the Fibonacci sequence 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34..., the flow channel is gradually expanded to 34mm at the outlet 2 . The gradient microporous ceramic diffusion membrane is made of silicon nitride-silicon carbide composite porous ceramic material. Through a special powder pressing and sintering process, the porosity gradually decreases from 50μm at the inlet end to 20μm at the outlet end. When hydrogen passes through the vortex diversion cavity, it forms a stable spiral flow, reducing pressure fluctuations, and then is evenly diffused through the diffusion membrane and finally fully contacts the reactants in the fuel cell component. After multiple experimental verifications, the hydrogen utilization rate is stable at 72% ± 2%.

[0056] Implementation column 4

[0057] The temperature sensor selects a Pt100 platinum resistance temperature sensor, which is installed at the contact part between the electrode of the fuel cell assembly and the bipolar plate, and can accurately sense the temperature change within the range of 0 - 150 °C. The hydrogen flowmeter adopts a thermal mass flowmeter, which can monitor the hydrogen flow rate of 0 - 200 ml / min in real time. The microcontroller has a built-in PID algorithm, and its control process is as follows:

[0058] The system collects temperature, hydrogen flow rate, voltage and current data in real time.

[0059] The microcontroller calculates the control quantity through the PID algorithm according to the deviation between the preset target parameters (such as the target hydrogen flow rate) and the actual measured value, and adjusts the opening of the precision regulating valve driven by the stepping motor.

[0060] The formula of the PID algorithm is as follows:

[0061]

[0062] Where:

[0063] u(t): is the control quantity at time t, that is, the control signal output to the precision regulating valve driven by the stepping motor, used to adjust the hydrogen flow rate;

[0064] Kp: proportional coefficient, used to accelerate the response speed of the system. The larger Kp is, the faster the system response is, but too large may cause the system to be unstable;

[0065] e(t): is the deviation value at time t, that is, the difference between the target value (such as the target hydrogen flow rate) and the actual measured value, e(t) = r(t) - y(t), where r(t) is the target value and y(t) is the actual measured value;

[0066] Ti: integral time constant, used to eliminate the steady-state error of the system. The smaller Ti is, the stronger the integral effect is, and the faster the steady-state error is eliminated, but too small may cause the system to overshoot.

[0067] is the integral value of the deviation e(t) from 0 to time t, reflecting the cumulative effect of the deviation;

[0068] Td: differential time constant, used to predict the change trend of the system, suppress the overshoot of the system, and improve the stability of the system. The larger Td is, the stronger the differential effect is, and the stronger the ability to suppress the system change is, but too large may cause the system response to slow down;

[0069] is the derivative of the deviation e(t) with respect to time, reflecting the change rate of the deviation;

[0070] Implementation Column 5

[0071] The nano-ceramic sealing ring is made of nano-level alumina and zirconia composite ceramic materials, processed into a ring shape through an injection molding process, and installed at the connection parts of each gas pipeline. The MEMS hydrogen sensor adopts the metal oxide semiconductor principle, and the sensitivity can reach 0.1% LEL. When the sensor detects that the hydrogen concentration > 1% LEL or the system pressure fluctuation > 10%, the control circuit triggers the self-locking quick gas cut-off valve to close within 0.1 ms, simultaneously activates the sound and light alarm module, and sends the early warning signal to the teacher terminal through the wireless transmission module to ensure experimental safety.

[0072] Implementation Column 6

[0073] The OLED display screen on the top of the carrier assembly has a resolution of 128×64, and can clearly display voltage (0 - 10V), current (0 - 5A), hydrogen flow rate (0 - 200 ml / min), temperature (0 - 150 °C), and the energy conversion efficiency curve. The built-in Bluetooth 5.2 and WiFi6 dual-mode wireless transmission module can reach a data transmission distance of 30 meters and a stable transmission rate of 10 Mbps in the laboratory environment, and can synchronize the experimental data to the teaching management platform in real time. Teachers can view the students' experimental data through the platform and give guidance in a timely manner; students can also download the data through the platform for in-depth analysis after the experiment.

[0074] Experimental data

[0075] Tested by the Teaching Instrument Testing Center of the Ministry of Education:

[0076]

[0077] Industrial applicability

[0078] This teaching aid has achieved industrial production:

[0079] The modular components are injection-molded with glass fiber-reinforced PA66 (mold accuracy IT6 level);

[0080] The fuel cell bipolar plate adopts a laser engraving process (line width 0.1 mm, depth-width ratio 3:1);

[0081] The annual production capacity reaches 5,000 sets, and the teaching experiment cost is reduced to 1 / 5 of the traditional plan.

[0082] Usage method:

[0083] I. Modular assembly and startup

[0084] Step 1: Build the basic framework

[0085] Place the 3D printed hollow chassis flat on the experimental table, and adjust the height from the ground through the adjustable suspension system (adjustable from 5 - 15 mm);

[0086] Assemble the modules in the following order:

[0087] Hydrogen storage module: Align the ISO13940 standard interface and insert it into the card slot at a 45° inclination until the elastic locking tongue makes a "click" locking sound

[0088] Fuel cell assembly: When the magnetic adsorption interface approaches the carrier assembly, it will be automatically adsorbed to ensure that the electrical contacts are in full contact (contact resistance < 5mΩ);

[0089] Intelligent control module: Connect the waterproof connector (IP67 rating), and the OLED display will light up automatically. Step 2: System initialization

[0090] Long press the power button on the control panel for 3 seconds to start the system

[0091] Execute the self-check program (takes 8s):

[0092] Check the hydrogen leakage rate (< 0.005ml / h)

[0093] Calibrate the zero point of the magnetic encoder (torque measurement error < 0.1N·m)

[0094] Establish a wireless connection (Bluetooth / WiFi signal strength > -70dBm)

[0095] II. Experimental operation process

[0096] Basic experiment (middle school stage)

[0097] Experimental project: Basic energy conversion experiment

[0098] Select the PEMFC mode:

[0099] Rotate the regulating valve of the hydrogen storage module to the "low-pressure gas supply" position (0.5 - 1MPa)

[0100] Observe the OLED display: The voltage is stable at 2.8 ± 0.1V, and the current is 1.2 ± 0.05A. Record the energy conversion efficiency curve:

[0101] Efficiency calculation formula Typical values: V = 2.8V, I = 1.2A, QH2 = 50ml / min → η = 67.2%;

[0102] Advanced experiment (university stage)

[0103] Experimental project: Hydrogen supply optimization experiment

[0104] Activate the AI optimization algorithm:

[0105] Select the "automatic optimization" mode on the touch screen

[0106] The system automatically traverses the opening degree of the regulating valve (0-100%, step size 5%)

[0107] Analysis of the experimental report:

[0108] Optimal parameters: When the opening degree is 63%, the efficiency reaches 72.3%

[0109] Abnormal condition prompt: "When Q_H2 > 180 ml / min, the efficiency drops by 12%"

[0110] III. Safety protection operations

[0111] Daily monitoring

[0112] The MEMS sensor displays the hydrogen concentration in real time:

[0113] Green indicator light: Concentration < 0.5% LEL;

[0114] Yellow warning: 0.5 - 1% LEL, buzzer sounds at intervals (1 Hz);

[0115] Red alarm: > 1% LEL, triggers the gas cut-off valve (response time 48 ms);

[0116] Emergency handling when the audible and visual alarm is activated:

[0117] Immediately press the emergency stop button to cut off the main power supply;

[0118] Rotate the manual wheel of the pressure relief valve (torque < 5 N·m) to release the residual hydrogen;

[0119] Send the emergency instruction "CODE 112" to the teacher's terminal through the wireless module;

[0120] IV. Expansion of teaching functions

[0121] Data synchronization

[0122] Bluetooth pairing:

[0123] The mobile phone APP scans the device QR code (SSID: H2Edu_XXXX);

[0124] Synchronize real-time data (sampling rate 10 Hz);

[0125] WiFi networking:

[0126] Supports up to 32 devices to access the same AP;

[0127] The teacher's terminal can batch download experimental data (CSV format);

[0128] Experimental report generation

[0129] Import the data packet on the PC side (AI analysis is automatically triggered when there are more than 100 groups of samples):

[0130] Bar chart of production efficiency comparison (η value under different gas supply pressures)

[0131] Output improvement suggestions: "It is recommended to control the working temperature at 65 ± 5 °C"

[0132] V. Maintenance and Calibration

[0133] Daily Maintenance

[0134] Module cleaning:

[0135] Wipe the magnetic interface with anhydrous ethanol (once a week

[0136] Apply silicone grease to the nano-ceramic sealing ring (once a month)

[0137] System Calibration

[0138] Hydrogen flowmeter calibration:

[0139] Introduce standard gas (100 ml / min N2), and adjust the gain potentiometer to make the reading error < ±0.5%

[0140] Magnetic encoder calibration:

[0141] Rotate the wheel without load for 3 circles, and automatically calculate the angle compensation coefficient.

[0142] Through the organic combination of modular operation processes, intelligent control strategies and multi-level safety protection, the teaching experiment preparation time is shortened by 85%, and the reliability of experimental data is increased to 99.7%, comprehensively covering the teaching needs from junior high school cognitive teaching to university innovation research.

[0143] Only some exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described above by way of illustration. Without doubt, for those of ordinary skill in the art, the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A teaching aid of a hydrogen energy-driven car model, characterized in that, Including: Detachable modular architecture: including a carrier component, a fuel cell component, a hydrogen storage module, and an intelligent control module. Each module is quickly connected through a standardized snap-fit interface; Integrated fuel cell component: The proton exchange membrane, platinum-carbon catalyst layer, and composite graphite bipolar plate are integrally encapsulated using ultrasonic welding technology, eliminating the traditional bolt fixation structure; Hydrogen supply optimization system: A multi-stage buffer device is provided at the outlet of the hydrogen storage module, including a vortex diversion chamber and a gradient microporous ceramic diffusion membrane, and the hydrogen utilization rate is increased to 72% ± 2%; Intelligent closed-loop control system: Integrated with a temperature sensor, a hydrogen flow meter, a voltage / current monitoring unit, and a microcontroller. The precision regulating valve driven by a stepper motor is dynamically adjusted through the PID algorithm, with a control accuracy of ±0.05 ml / min and a response time < 100 ms; Triple safety protection system: Using a nano-ceramic sealing ring, a MEMS hydrogen sensor, and an audible and visual alarm module, the leakage risk is reduced to < 0.005 ml / h; Teaching function expansion module: An OLED display screen is provided on the top of the carrier component, which can real-time display voltage (0 - 10V), current (0 - 5A), hydrogen flow rate (0 - 200 ml / min), temperature (0 - 150°C), and the energy conversion efficiency curve. It also has a built-in wireless transmission module, supporting dual-mode communication of Bluetooth 5.2 and WiFi6, and synchronizing data to the teaching management platform.

2. The hydrogen energy-driven trolley model teaching aid according to claim 1, wherein: The vortex diversion chamber of the multi-stage buffer device adopts a spiral gradually expanding flow channel design, and the cross-sectional area expands according to the Fibonacci sequence ratio along the gas flow direction. The diffusion membrane is a silicon nitride-silicon carbide composite porous ceramic with a gradient distribution of porosity (50 μm at the inlet end → 20 μm at the outlet end).

3. The teaching aid of a hydrogen energy-driven car model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell component supports modular replacement of two types, PEMFC and SOFC. Each module is equipped with a magnetic adsorption interface and a dedicated experimental manual, which contains 15 gradient experimental items such as "basic energy conversion experiment" and "hydrogen flow rate optimization experiment".

4. A hydrogen energy-driven car model teaching aid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage module provides three replaceable solutions: high-pressure metal hydrogen storage, low-pressure alloy hydrogen storage, and chemical hydrogen production. The interfaces of each module comply with the ISO13940 standard. The chemical hydrogen production module integrates a solar water electrolysis unit with an electrolysis efficiency ≥ 85%.

5. A hydrogen energy-driven car model teaching aid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The safety protection system is equipped with a self-locking quick gas cut-off valve. When the MEMS sensor detects that the hydrogen concentration > 1% LEL or the pressure fluctuation > 10%, the gas cut-off valve is triggered to close and the audible and visual alarm is activated. At the same time, a warning signal is sent to the teacher's terminal through the wireless module.

6. The teaching aid of a hydrogen energy-driven trolley model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chassis of the carrier component adopts a 3D printed hollow structure, with a 40% reduction in mass, and an adjustable suspension system is integrated to support simulation experiments on different road surfaces; the wheels are equipped with magnetic encoders to real-time feedback the rotational speed and torque data to the display screen.

7. A hydrogen energy-driven car model teaching aid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microcontroller is built-in with an AI algorithm, which can optimize the hydrogen supply strategy according to historical experimental data and generate an experimental report, including an efficiency comparison chart, an analysis of abnormal working conditions, and improvement suggestions.

Images