Water tritium removal system and method for fusion reactor

Abstract

The invention discloses a water tritium removal system and method for a fusion reactor. The water tritium removal system comprises a water rectification subsystem, a combined electrolysis catalysis exchange subsystem and a low-temperature rectification subsystem, and the water rectification subsystem is sequentially connected with the combined electrolysis catalysis exchange subsystem and the low-temperature rectification subsystem; the water rectification subsystem is used for treating and concentrating low-concentration tritium-containing water; the combined electrolysis catalysis exchange subsystem is used for treating high-concentration tritium-containing water; and the low-temperature rectification subsystem is used for concentrating and recycling tritium in tritium-containing hydrogen generated by electrolysis. Aiming at tritium-containing water with different concentrations, efficient treatment of the tritium-containing water can be guaranteed, the operation energy consumption of the whole system can be reduced, and the problem of poor economical efficiency is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tritiated water treatment, and particularly to a water detritiation system and method for a fusion reactor. Background Art

[0002] As the global demand for energy increases day by day, scientists have been searching for safe and clean energy. Controlled nuclear fusion is a kind of energy with infinite potential and is one of the main options to solve future energy problems.

[0003] During the operation, maintenance, and accident states of a fusion reactor, tritiated water with different concentrations (10 4 ~10 13 Bq / L) will be generated. If this tritiated water is not reasonably treated, it will cause serious environmental pollution. At the same time, tritium is also a very important and expensive strategic resource, and recovering tritium from tritiated water has high economic value.

[0004] Currently, the combined electrolysis catalytic exchange (CECE) technology is a relatively mature water detritiation technology at present, which uses electrolysis and multiple series-connected catalytic exchange columns to achieve water detritiation. However, this technology has problems of high operation energy consumption and poor economy for the low-concentration tritiated water that may be generated by a fusion reactor, and the tritium resources in the tritiated water cannot be recovered through a single CECE technology, resulting in waste of tritium resources. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the existing water detritiation technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve the problems of high operation energy consumption and poor economy in the current tritium removal technology for tritiated water with different concentrations that may be generated by a fusion reactor, and the tritium resources in the tritiated water cannot be recovered through a single CECE technology, resulting in waste of tritium resources, and provides a water detritiation system and method for a fusion reactor.

[0006] To achieve the above technical purpose, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A water detritiation system for a fusion reactor includes a water rectification subsystem, a combined electrolysis catalytic exchange subsystem, and a cryogenic rectification subsystem. The water rectification subsystem is sequentially connected to the combined electrolysis catalytic exchange subsystem and the cryogenic rectification subsystem;

[0008] The water rectification subsystem is used for the treatment and concentration of low-concentration tritiated water; the combined electrolysis catalytic exchange subsystem is used for the treatment of high-concentration tritiated water; the cryogenic rectification subsystem is used for the concentration and recovery of tritium in the tritiated hydrogen gas generated by electrolysis.

[0009] Further, the water rectification subsystem includes a storage tank unit, and the storage tank unit is sequentially connected to a pretreatment unit and a water rectification unit;

[0010] The storage tank unit is used to collect and store tritiated water with different concentrations; the pretreatment unit is used to remove impurities from the tritiated water; the water rectification unit is based on the tiny vapor pressure difference between hydrogen isotope oxides, and through the repeated exchange of isotopes between the gas and liquid phases, the heavy component (HTO) is concentrated at the bottom of the tower, while the tritium-depleted water is obtained at the top of the tower.

[0011] Furthermore, the pretreatment unit includes a high-concentration treatment unit and a low-concentration treatment unit;

[0012] The high-concentration treatment unit includes an H tritiated water storage tank, and the H tritiated water storage tank is sequentially connected to a first feed pump, a first resin bed, a first activated carbon bed, a first filter, a first metering tank, and a second feed pump;

[0013] The low-concentration treatment unit includes an L tritiated water storage tank, and the L tritiated water storage tank is sequentially connected to a third feed pump, a second resin bed, a second activated carbon bed, a second filter, a second metering tank, and a fourth feed pump.

[0014] Furthermore, the water rectification unit is a water rectification unit without an energy-saving unit, and includes a first metering pump, and the first metering pump is sequentially connected to a first heater and a first rectification column;

[0015] The bottom of the first rectification column is sequentially connected to a second metering pump, a first concentrated water tank, and a third metering pump; the bottom of the first rectification column is also connected to a first evaporator;

[0016] The top of the first rectification column is connected to a first heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger is connected to a first reflux tank; both the first heat exchanger and the first reflux tank are connected to a first circulating water pump; the first reflux tank is also connected to a fourth metering pump, and the fourth metering pump is connected to the first rectification column.

[0017] Furthermore, the water rectification unit is a water rectification with a coupled energy-saving unit, and includes a fifth metering pump, and the fifth metering pump is sequentially connected to a second heater and a second rectification column;

[0018] The bottom of the second rectification column is sequentially connected to a sixth metering pump, a second concentrated water tank, and a seventh metering pump; the bottom of the second rectification column is also connected to a second evaporator;

[0019] The top of the second rectification column is connected to a compressor, the compressor is connected to a second heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger is connected to a condenser, the condenser is connected to a second reflux tank, and the second reflux tank is connected to an eighth metering pump;

[0020] The second reflux tank is connected to a second circulating water pump.

[0021] Furthermore, the combined electrolysis catalytic exchange subsystem includes a liquid-phase catalytic exchange unit and an electrolysis unit, and the liquid-phase catalytic exchange unit is connected to the electrolysis unit;

[0022] The liquid-phase catalytic exchange unit utilizes the catalytic exchange reaction between HT and H2O vapor on the surface of the hydrophobic catalyst, enabling the transfer of the heavy component T into the vapor phase to form HTO vapor.

[0023] The electrolysis unit electrolyzes the tritium-rich water at the lower end of the catalytic exchange column to generate elemental tritium (a part of which is recycled for catalytic exchange, and a part is extracted and input into the cryogenic distillation subsystem).

[0024] Furthermore, the liquid-phase catalytic exchange unit includes a first reaction column, the first reaction column is connected to a second reaction column, the second reaction column is connected to a third heat exchanger, and the third heat exchanger is connected to a steam-water separator;

[0025] The top of the second reaction column is connected to the raw water heater, the bottom of the second reaction column is connected to a ninth metering pump, and the ninth metering pump is connected to the first reaction column.

[0026] Furthermore, the electrolysis unit includes a first collection tank, the first collection tank is sequentially connected to a booster pump, a condenser I, a third resin bed, a condenser II, a fourth heat exchanger, a fourth resin bed, a filter, and a third buffer tank;

[0027] The enriched water in the third buffer tank enters the electrolytic cells I, II, and III via a circulation pump.

[0028] Furthermore, the cryogenic distillation subsystem includes a palladium membrane purifier, and the palladium membrane purifier is sequentially connected to a flow controller I, a circulation booster pump I, an isotope depth purifier, a regenerative heat exchanger I, a feed condenser I, and a distillation column I;

[0029] The top of the distillation column I is connected to the regenerative heat exchanger I;

[0030] The bottom of the distillation column I is sequentially connected to a regenerative heat exchanger II, a flow controller II, a circulation booster pump II, a balance reactor I, a regenerative heat exchanger III, a feed condenser III, and a distillation column II;

[0031] The top of the distillation column II is sequentially connected to the regenerative heat exchanger III, a flow controller III, a circulation booster pump III, a balance reactor II, the regenerative heat exchanger II, a feed condenser II, and the distillation column I;

[0032] The bottom of the distillation column II is sequentially connected to a flow controller IV, a circulation booster pump IV, and a second collection tank.

[0033] The present invention also provides a method for de-tritiating water for a fusion reactor. The low-concentration tritium-containing water generated in the fusion reactor device enters the water distillation subsystem for separation to obtain de-tritiated water and enriched tritium water;

[0034] The de-tritiated water is recycled or discharged up to the standard, and the enriched tritium water enters the storage tank unit to be mixed with the high-concentration tritium water and then enters the combined electrolysis catalytic exchange subsystem;

[0035] The combined electrolysis catalytic exchange system electrolyzes the input high-concentration tritiated water and enriched tritiated water to obtain tritium-containing hydrogen gas in elemental state. A part of the tritium-containing hydrogen gas in elemental state is discharged up to standard after elution, and the other part is input into the low-temperature rectification subsystem.

[0036] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] 1. In the present invention, in view of the treatment requirements for tritiated water with different concentrations generated by large-scale fusion reactor devices, a water detritiation system for fusion reactors is proposed, mainly including a water rectification subsystem, a combined electrolysis catalytic exchange subsystem, and a low-temperature rectification subsystem. The water rectification subsystem is used for the treatment and concentration of low-concentration tritiated water, the combined electrolysis catalytic exchange subsystem is used for the treatment of high-concentration tritiated water, and the low-temperature rectification subsystem is used for the concentration recovery of tritium in the tritium-containing hydrogen gas generated by the combined electrolysis catalytic exchange subsystem.

[0038] 2. The present invention can not only ensure the efficient treatment of tritiated water but also reduce the operating energy consumption of the overall system for tritiated water with different concentrations, solving the problem of poor economy. Description of the Drawings

[0039] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the system;

[0040] Figure 2 is a flow chart of the storage tank unit of the water rectification subsystem:

[0041] Figure 3 is a flow chart of the pretreatment unit of the water rectification subsystem;

[0042] Figure 4 is a flow chart of the water rectification unit of the water rectification subsystem without an energy-saving unit;

[0043] Figure 5 is a flow chart of the water rectification unit of the water rectification subsystem with a coupled energy-saving unit;

[0044] Figure 6 is a flow chart of the liquid-phase catalytic exchange unit of the combined electrolysis catalytic exchange subsystem;

[0045] Figure 7 is a flow chart of the electrolysis unit of the combined electrolysis catalytic exchange subsystem;

[0046] Figure 8 is a flow chart of the low-temperature rectification subsystem;

[0047] In the figure:

[0048] Water pump Ⅰ P1101, M tritiated water storage tank V1102, water pump Ⅱ P1102, water pump Ⅲ P1103, LL tritiated water storage tank V1104, water pump Ⅳ P1104, emergency storage tank V1105, water pump Ⅴ P1105;

[0049] Tritium water storage tank V1101, first liquid inlet pump P0101, first resin bed T0101, first activated carbon bed T0102, first filter FL0101, first metering tank V0101, second liquid inlet pump P0102, L tritium water storage tank V1103, third liquid inlet pump P0103, second resin bed T0103, second activated carbon bed T0104, second filter FL0102, second metering tank V0102, fourth liquid inlet pump P0104;

[0050] First metering pump P0201, first heater E0201, first distillation column R0201, second metering pump II P0202, first concentrated water tank V0202, third metering pump III P0203, first evaporator E0202, first heat exchanger E0203, first circulating water pump P0205, second reflux tank V0201, fourth metering pump P0204;

[0051] Fifth metering pump I P0206, second heater E0204, second distillation column R0202, sixth metering pump P0207, second concentrated water tank V0205, seventh metering pump P0208, second evaporator E0207, compressor P0211, second heat exchanger E0205, condenser E0206, eighth metering pump P0209; Second reflux tank V0204, second circulating water pump P0210;

[0052] First reaction column R0301, second reaction column R0302, third heat exchanger E0302, steam-water separator V0301, raw water heater E0301, ninth metering pump P0301;

[0053] First collection tank V0402, booster pump P0402, condenser I E0407, third resin bed T0403, condenser II, fourth heat exchanger E0408, fourth resin bed T0404, filter FL0401, third buffer tank V0401, circulating pump P0401, electrolytic cell I R0401, electrolytic cell II R0402, electrolytic cell III R0403, O2 demister T0401, H2 demister T0402, fan I E0404, fan II E0405, fan III E0406, heat exchanger I E0401, heat exchanger II E0402, heat exchanger III E0403;

[0054] Palladium membrane purifier E1201, flow controller I FIRC1201, circulation booster pump I P1201, isotope depth purifier E1202, regenerative heat exchanger I HX1201, feed condenser I E1203, distillation column I C1201, regenerative heat exchanger II HX1202, flow controller II FIRC1202, circulation booster pump II P1202, equilibrium reactor I R1201, regenerative heat exchanger III HX1203, feed condenser III E1205, distillation column II C1202, regenerative heat exchanger III HX1203, flow controller III FIRC1203, circulation booster pump III P1203, equilibrium reactor II R1202, regenerative heat exchanger II HX1202, feed condenser II E1204, distillation column I C1201, flow controller IV FIRC1204, circulation booster pump IV P1204, second collection tank V1201; Detailed implementation mode

[0055] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0056] In addition, the technical features involved in different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0057] As Figure 1 shown, a water detritiation system for a fusion reactor includes a water distillation subsystem, a combined electrolysis catalytic exchange subsystem, and a cryogenic distillation subsystem. The water distillation subsystem is sequentially connected to the combined electrolysis catalytic exchange subsystem and the cryogenic distillation subsystem;

[0058] The water distillation subsystem is used for the treatment and concentration of low-concentration tritium-containing water; the combined electrolysis catalytic exchange subsystem is used for the treatment of high-concentration tritium-containing water; the cryogenic distillation subsystem is used for the concentration and recovery of tritium in the tritium-containing hydrogen gas generated by electrolysis.

[0059] In the present invention, the water distillation subsystem includes a storage tank unit, and the storage tank unit is sequentially connected to a pretreatment unit and a water distillation unit;

[0060] The storage tank unit is used for collecting and storing tritium-containing water with different concentrations; the pretreatment unit is used for removing impurities in the tritium-containing water; the water distillation unit is based on the small vapor pressure difference between hydrogen isotope oxides, and through the repeated exchange of isotopes between the gas and liquid phases, the heavy components (HTO) are concentrated at the bottom of the tower, while the tritium-depleted water is obtained at the top of the tower.

[0061] Specifically, as Figure 2The figure shows the flow chart of the storage tank unit of the water distillation subsystem. The storage tank unit includes devices for storing and transporting high-concentration tritiated water, medium-concentration tritiated water, low-concentration tritiated water, and tritiated water generated under emergency conditions in the fusion reactor. In the figure, Q2O refers to tritiated water, and VDS refers to the "off-gas tritium removal system" of the tritium plant.

[0062] This unit includes the H tritiated water storage tank V1101 and the corresponding water pump Ⅰ P1101, the M tritiated water storage tank V1102 and the corresponding water pump Ⅱ P1102, the L tritiated water storage tank V1103 and the corresponding water pump Ⅲ P1103, the LL tritiated water storage tank V1104 and the corresponding water pump Ⅳ P1104, and the emergency storage tank V1105 and the corresponding water pump Ⅴ P1105. The H tritiated water storage tank V1101 and the corresponding water pump Ⅰ P1101 are used for storing and transporting high-concentration tritiated water. The M tritiated water storage tank V1102 and the corresponding water pump Ⅱ P1102 are used for storing and transporting medium-concentration tritiated water. The L tritiated water storage tank V1103 and the corresponding water pump Ⅲ P1103 are used for storing and transporting low-concentration tritiated water. The LL tritiated water storage tank V1104 and the corresponding water pump Ⅳ P1104 are used for storing and transporting ultra-low-concentration tritiated water. The emergency storage tank V1105 and the corresponding water pump Ⅴ P1105 are used for storing and transporting tritiated water generated under emergency conditions in the fusion reactor.

[0063] For the tritiated water storage tank, considering the risk factors of the cumulative oxygen and hydrogen generated by the radiolysis of tritiated water, a nitrogen purge pipeline is set, and the tail gas is connected to the tritium removal system.

[0064] Specifically, the pretreatment unit includes a high-concentration treatment unit and a low-concentration treatment unit.

[0065] As Figure 3 shown, the high-concentration treatment unit includes the H tritiated water storage tank V1101. The H tritiated water storage tank V1101 is sequentially connected to the first liquid inlet pump P0101, the first resin bed T0101, the first activated carbon bed T0102, the first filter FL0101, the first metering tank V0101, and the second liquid inlet pump P0102.

[0066] The low-concentration treatment unit includes the L tritiated water storage tank V1103. The L tritiated water storage tank V1103 is sequentially connected to the third liquid inlet pump P0103, the second resin bed T0103, the second activated carbon bed T0104, the second filter FL0102, the second metering tank V0102, and the fourth liquid inlet pump P0104.

[0067] Specifically, as Figure 4 shown, the water distillation unit is a water distillation unit without an energy-saving unit, including the first metering pump P0201. The first metering pump P0201 is sequentially connected to the first heater E0201 and the first distillation column R0201;

[0068] The bottom of the first rectification column R0201 is sequentially connected to the second metering pump P0202, the first concentrated water tank V0202, and the third metering pump P0203; the bottom of the first rectification column R0201 is also connected to the first evaporator E0202;

[0069] The top of the first rectification column R0201 is connected to the first heat exchanger E0203, and the first heat exchanger E0203 is connected to the first reflux tank V0201; both the first heat exchanger E0203 and the first reflux tank V0201 are connected to the first circulating water pump P0205; the first reflux tank V0201 is also connected to the fourth metering pump P0204, and the fourth metering pump P0204 is connected to the first rectification column R0201.

[0070] Principle introduction: The tritium-containing water to be treated enters the first heater E0201 quantitatively through the first metering pump P0201, and after being preheated by the first heater E0201, it enters the first rectification column R0201. The bottom of the first rectification column R0201 is connected to the first evaporator E0202 (the first evaporator E0202 provides heat to evaporate the tritium water at the bottom of the column and input it into the first rectification column R0201); the tritium water undergoes repeated rectification in the first rectification column R0201, and the depleted tritium water is obtained by depletion at the top of the first rectification column R0201, and the enriched tritium water is obtained by enrichment at the bottom of the first rectification column R0201;

[0071] The enriched tritium water is extracted to the first concentrated water tank V0202 through the second metering pump P0202 and passes through the third metering pump P0203;

[0072] The top of the first rectification column R0201 is connected to the first heat exchanger E0203. The first heat exchanger E0203 condenses the steam in the rectification column to form depleted tritium water and then flows into the first reflux tank V0201. After being transferred by the fourth metering pump P0204, part of it is refluxed to the first rectification column R0201, and part is recycled. The first heat exchanger E0203 and the first reflux tank V0201 are connected to the first circulating water pump P0205, and the first circulating water pump P0205 provides the required vacuum for the entire water rectification system.

[0073] Specifically, as Figure 5 shown, the water rectification unit is a water rectification coupled with an energy-saving unit, including a fifth metering pump P0206, and the fifth metering pump P0206 is sequentially connected to the second heater E0204 and the second rectification column R0202;

[0074] The bottom of the second rectification column R0202 is sequentially connected to the sixth metering pump P0207, the second concentrated water tank V0205, and the seventh metering pump P0208; the bottom of the second rectification column R0202 is also connected to the second evaporator E0207;

[0075] The top of the second rectification column R0202 is connected to the compressor P0211. The compressor P0211 is connected to the second heat exchanger E0205. The second heat exchanger E0205 is connected to the condenser E0206. The condenser E0206 is connected to the second reflux drum V0204. The second reflux drum V0204 is connected to the eighth metering pump P0209;

[0076] The second reflux drum V0204 is also connected to the second circulating water pump P0210.

[0077] Principle introduction:

[0078] The tritium-containing water to be treated is quantitatively fed into the second heater E0204 through the fifth metering pump P0206 and enters the second rectification column R0202 after being preheated by the second heater E0204. The tritium water undergoes repeated rectification in the second rectification column R0202, and the depleted tritium water is obtained by depletion at the top of the column, and the enriched tritium water is obtained by enrichment at the bottom of the column.

[0079] The bottom of the second rectification column R0202 is connected to the second evaporator E0207. The second evaporator E0207 provides heat during the startup stage to evaporate the tritium water at the bottom of the column and input it into the second rectification column R0202. When the compressor P0211 operates normally, the second evaporator E0207 stops running. The enriched tritium water is taken out through the sixth metering pump P0207 to the second concentrated water tank V0205 and is input into the next-stage system through the seventh metering pump P0208.

[0080] The top of the second rectification column R0202 is connected to the compressor P0211. The compressor P0211 compresses the steam at the top of the rectification column and then enters the heat exchanger E0205 to exchange heat with the water circulating at the bottom of the rectification column. The water / water vapor formed by heat exchange and cooling in the second heat exchanger E0205 is further condensed in the condenser E0206 to form depleted tritium water and then flows into the reflux drum V0204. After being transferred by the eighth metering pump P0209, part of it is refluxed and part is recycled. The second reflux drum V0204 is connected to the second circulating water pump P0210, and the second circulating water pump P0210 provides the required vacuum for the entire water rectification system.

[0081] Specifically, the combined electrolysis catalytic exchange subsystem includes a liquid-phase catalytic exchange unit and an electrolysis unit. The liquid-phase catalytic exchange unit is connected to the electrolysis unit;

[0082] The liquid-phase catalytic exchange unit utilizes the catalytic exchange reaction between HT and H2O vapor on the surface of the hydrophobic catalyst, so that the heavy component T is transferred to the vapor phase to form HTO vapor;

[0083] The electrolysis unit electrolyzes the tritium-rich water at the lower end of the catalytic exchange column to generate elemental tritium (part of it is recycled for catalytic exchange, and part of it is extracted and input into the low-temperature rectification subsystem.

[0084] Such as Figure 6As shown in the figure, the liquid-phase catalytic exchange unit includes a first reaction column R0301. The first reaction column R0301 is connected to a second reaction column R0302. The second reaction column R0302 is connected to a third heat exchanger E0302. The third heat exchanger E0302 is connected to a steam-water separator V0301;

[0085] The top of the second reaction column R0302 is connected to the raw water heater E0301. The bottom of the second reaction column R0302 is connected to a ninth metering pump P0301. The metering pump P0301 is connected to the first reaction column R0301.

[0086] Principle introduction:

[0087] The first reaction column R0301 and the second reaction column R0302 operate in series. The hydrogen gas generated by electrolysis enters the first reaction column R0301 and enters the second reaction column R0302 from the top of the first reaction column R0301. After cooling the water vapor by the third heat exchanger E0302 connected to the top of the second reaction column R0302, it is discharged after passing through the V0301 steam-water separator. A raw water heater E0301 is connected to the top of the second reaction column R0302. The raw water heater E0301 is used to preheat the tritium-free deionized water input into the liquid-phase catalytic exchange unit. The tritium-free deionized water input into the top of the second reaction column R0302 flows down through the second reaction column R0302 and then enters the top of the first reaction column R0301 through the ninth metering pump P0301, and finally enters the collection tank V0401 of the electrolysis unit from the bottom of the first reaction column R0301.

[0088] In the first reaction column R0301 and the second reaction column R0302, the upward flowing tritium-containing hydrogen gas and the downward flowing water undergo catalytic exchange on the surface of the hydrophilic packing and the hydrophobic catalyst, so that the heavy component T is transferred to the vapor phase to form HTO vapor, and finally the tritium-rich water enters the electrolysis unit.

[0089] As Figure 7 shown in the figure, the electrolysis unit includes a first collection tank V0402. The first collection tank V0402 is successively connected to a booster pump P0402, a condenser Ⅰ E0407, a third resin bed T0403, a condenser Ⅱ E0408, a fourth heat exchanger E0408, a fourth resin bed T0404, a filter FL0401, and a third buffer tank V0401;

[0090] The enriched water in the third buffer tank V0401 enters the electrolytic cell Ⅰ R0401, the electrolytic cell Ⅱ R0402, and the electrolytic cell Ⅲ R0403 through a circulation pump P0401.

[0091] Principle introduction:

[0092] The tritium-rich water at the lower end of the catalytic exchange column first enters the first collection tank V0402, and after removing impurity ions through the booster pump P0402, condenser Ⅰ E0407, the third resin bed T0403, condenser Ⅱ E0408, the fourth heat exchanger E0408, and the fourth resin bed T0404, it enters the third buffer tank V0401.

[0093] The enriched water in the third buffer tank V0401 enters the electrolytic cell Ⅰ R0401, electrolytic cell Ⅱ R0402, and electrolytic cell Ⅲ R0403 via the circulation pump P0401.

[0094] The oxygen generated by the electrolytic cell enters the VDS after separating water vapor through the O2 demister T0401, and the hydrogen generated enters the liquid-phase catalytic exchange unit and the low-temperature rectification unit after separating water vapor through the H2 demister T0402. The water separated in the O2 demister T0401 and the H2 demister T0402 returns to the buffer tank V0401 and the collection tank V0402 respectively.

[0095] The electrolytic cell is equipped with a secondary protective shell, fan Ⅰ E0404, fan Ⅱ E0405, fan Ⅲ E0406, heat exchanger Ⅰ E0401, heat exchanger Ⅱ E0402, and heat exchanger Ⅲ E0403 to prevent tritium leakage and dissipate heat from the electrolytic cell.

[0096] Specifically, as Figure 8 shown, the low-temperature rectification subsystem includes a palladium membrane purifier E1201, and the palladium membrane purifier E1201 is sequentially connected to a flow controller Ⅰ FIRC1201, a circulation booster pump Ⅰ P1201, an isotope depth purifier E1202, a regenerative heat exchanger Ⅰ HX1201, a feed condenser Ⅰ E1203, and a rectification column Ⅰ C1201;

[0097] The top of the rectification column Ⅰ C1201 is connected to the regenerative heat exchanger Ⅰ HX1201;

[0098] The bottom of the rectification column Ⅰ C1201 is sequentially connected to a regenerative heat exchanger Ⅱ HX1202, a flow controller Ⅱ FIRC1202, a circulation booster pump Ⅱ P1202, a balance reactor Ⅰ R1201, a regenerative heat exchanger Ⅲ HX1203, a feed condenser Ⅲ E1205, and a rectification column Ⅱ C1202;

[0099] The top of the rectification column Ⅱ C1202 is sequentially connected to the regenerative heat exchanger Ⅲ HX1203, a flow controller Ⅲ FIRC1203, a circulation booster pump Ⅲ P1203, a balance reactor Ⅱ R1202, a regenerative heat exchanger Ⅱ HX1202, a feed condenser Ⅱ E1204, and a rectification column Ⅰ C1201;

[0100] The bottom of the rectification column Ⅱ C1202 is sequentially connected to a flow controller Ⅳ FIRC1204, a circulation booster pump Ⅳ P1204, and a second collection tank V1201.

[0101] Principle Introduction:

[0102] The low-temperature rectification subsystem includes a hydrogen isotope purification unit, a supply recovery and overpressure protection unit, a rectification column unit, a low-temperature refrigeration unit, a cold quantity distribution unit, a heat exchange unit, and an adiabatic unit.

[0103] The hydrogen isotope purification unit is used to purify the hydrogen isotope gas generated by electrolysis to remove impurity gases such as water vapor; the supply recovery and overpressure protection unit is used for (1) supplying hydrogen isotope gas to the rectification column unit as needed and responsible for pumping and transferring the gas between the rectification columns; (2) making the hydrogen isotope gas composition in the raw material gas and the gas transferred between the columns reach chemical reaction equilibrium; (3) relieving the pressure of the rectification column and the corresponding process pipelines; the rectification column unit is the place where hydrogen isotopes are subjected to low-temperature rectification for separating hydrogen isotopes of different components; the low-temperature refrigeration unit provides cold quantity for the system; the cold quantity distribution unit involves the distribution of two low-temperature media, low-temperature helium gas and liquid nitrogen, and is used to distribute the 15K low-temperature helium gas provided by the low-temperature refrigeration unit to the condenser of the rectification tower as needed, and to distribute liquid nitrogen to the cold shield of the rectification column; the heat exchange unit cools the hydrogen isotope entering the rectification tower to the required temperature and raises the temperature of the hydrogen isotope flowing out of the rectification tower to near room temperature; the adiabatic unit provides adiabatic protection for low-temperature components to reduce the heat leakage of the system caused by factors such as thermal radiation.

[0104] The hydrogen gas generated by electrolysis first passes through a palladium membrane purifier E1201, a flow controller Ⅰ FIRC1201, a circulating booster pump Ⅰ P1201, and an isotope deep purifier E1202 in sequence. After removing other impurities in the hydrogen gas, it enters a regenerative heat exchanger Ⅰ HX1201 and a feed condenser Ⅰ E1203 in sequence for cooling and liquefaction. The liquefied hydrogen gas forms liquid hydrogen and enters a rectification column Ⅰ C1201 for hydrogen isotope separation. The depleted liquid hydrogen is formed at the top of the rectification column Ⅰ C1201, and after heat exchange in the regenerative heat exchanger Ⅰ HX1201, it forms hydrogen gas and is input into the liquid-phase catalytic exchange unit.

[0105] The liquid hydrogen enriched at the bottom of the rectification column Ⅰ C1201 forms hydrogen gas after passing through the regenerative heat exchanger Ⅲ HX1202, and then successively passes through the flow controller Ⅱ FIRC1202, the circulation booster pump Ⅱ P1202, and the equilibrium reactor Ⅰ R1201. The equilibrium reactor is used to minimize allotropes as much as possible. Subsequently, the hydrogen gas is cooled and liquefied by passing through the regenerative heat exchanger Ⅲ HX1203 and the feed condenser Ⅲ E1205. The liquefied hydrogen forms liquid hydrogen and enters the rectification column Ⅱ C1202 for further hydrogen isotope separation. The depleted liquid hydrogen formed at the top of the rectification column Ⅱ C1202 successively passes through the regenerative heat exchanger Ⅲ HX1203, the flow controller Ⅲ FIRC1203, the circulation booster pump Ⅲ P1203, and the equilibrium reactor Ⅱ R1202, and then enters the rectification column Ⅰ C1201. The final product enriched at the bottom of the rectification column Ⅱ C1202 is input into the second collection tank V1201 for storage through the flow controller Ⅳ FIRC1204 and the circulation booster pump Ⅳ P1204.

[0106] The present invention also provides a method for de-tritiating water for a fusion reactor. The low-concentration tritium-containing water generated in the fusion reactor device enters the water rectification subsystem for separation to obtain depleted tritium water and enriched tritium water.

[0107] The depleted tritium water is recycled or discharged up to the standard, and the enriched tritium water enters the storage tank unit or is mixed with high-concentration tritium water and enters the combined electrolysis catalytic exchange subsystem.

[0108] The combined electrolysis catalytic exchange system electrolyzes the input high-concentration tritium water to obtain tritium-containing hydrogen gas in the elemental state. A part of the tritium-containing hydrogen gas in the elemental state is discharged up to the standard after being eluted, and the other part is input into the cryogenic rectification subsystem.

[0109] The tritium treatment process of the present invention is introduced below.

[0110] For low-concentration tritium water, the water rectification subsystem is used for treatment. First, the low-concentration tritium water is successively pumped from the L tritium water storage tank V1103 through the third liquid inlet pump P0103 into the second resin bed T0103, the second activated carbon bed T0104, and the second filter FL0102 to remove impurities and then enters the water rectification system. After the stable liquid level heights are formed at the bottoms of the first rectification column R0201 and the second rectification column R0202, the vacuum, bottom heating, and top condensation are successively started until the parameters and liquid levels at each site are stable, and then the total reflux operation mode is started.

[0111] Then, the feed, top, and bottom withdrawals are opened until the concentration of the top product is stable, and then the enriched liquid at the bottom of the column is withdrawn and enters the storage tank system.

[0112] For high-concentration tritiated water, the high-concentration tritiated water is pumped from the H tritiated water storage tank V1101 into the first resin bed T0101, the first activated carbon bed T0102, and the first filter FL0101 in sequence through the first liquid inlet pump P0101 to remove impurities, and then connected to the first reaction column R0301, the second reaction column R0302, the electrolytic cell Ⅰ R0401, and the electrolytic cell Ⅱ R0402 of the combined electrolytic catalytic exchange subsystem.

[0113] Start the reflux water pump between the combined electrolytic catalytic exchange subsystems. According to the liquid levels of the first reaction column R0301, the second reaction column R0302, the electrolytic cell Ⅰ R0401, the electrolytic cell Ⅱ R0402, and the first collection tank V0402, start the ninth metering pump P0301 and the booster pump P0402 between the catalytic exchange columns to maintain the normal operating liquid level;

[0114] Start the electrolytic cell Ⅰ R0401 and the electrolytic cell Ⅱ R0402. The electrolytic cell Ⅲ R0403 is reserved and does not need to be started until the system operates stably;

[0115] Subsequently, input the tritium-rich hydrogen gas generated by the electrolytic cell into the low-temperature rectification subsystem. The low-temperature rectification subsystem needs to be evacuated and cooled in advance. After the raw material gas is input, adopt the same process as the water rectification subsystem. After the full reflux operation is stable, switch to the continuous feeding and product extraction mode, and store the product in the second product collection tank V1201.

[0116] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0117] The above specific embodiments are detailed descriptions of the present invention. It cannot be determined that the specific embodiments of the present invention are only limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several simple deductions and substitutions can still be made, and all should be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water detritiation system for a fusion reactor, characterized in that, It includes a water rectification subsystem, a combined electrolysis catalytic exchange subsystem, and a cryogenic rectification subsystem. The water rectification subsystem is sequentially connected to the combined electrolysis catalytic exchange subsystem and the cryogenic rectification subsystem; The water rectification subsystem is used for the treatment and concentration of low-concentration tritium-containing water; the combined electrolysis catalytic exchange subsystem is used for the treatment of high-concentration tritium-containing water; the cryogenic rectification subsystem is used for the concentration and recovery of tritium in the tritium-containing hydrogen gas generated by electrolysis.

2. The water detritiation system for a fusion reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that The water rectification subsystem includes a storage tank unit, which is sequentially connected to a pretreatment unit and a water rectification unit; the storage tank unit is used for collecting and storing tritium-containing water with different concentrations; the pretreatment unit is used for removing impurities from tritium-containing water; based on the small vapor pressure difference between hydrogen isotope oxides, the water rectification unit makes the heavy component HTO concentrate at the bottom of the tower through the repeated exchange of isotopes between the gas and liquid phases, and deuterium-depleted water is obtained at the top of the tower.

3. The water detritiation system for a fusion reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pretreatment unit includes a high-concentration treatment unit and a low-concentration treatment unit; The high-concentration treatment unit includes an H tritium water storage tank (V1101), which is sequentially connected to a first feed pump (P0101), a first resin bed (T0101), a first activated carbon bed (T0102), a first filter (FL0101), a first metering tank (V0101), and a second feed pump (P0102); The low-concentration treatment unit includes an L tritium water storage tank (V1103), which is sequentially connected to a third feed pump (P0103), a second resin bed (T0103), a second activated carbon bed (T0104), a second filter (FL0102), a second metering tank (V0102), and a fourth feed pump (P0104).

4. The water detritiation system for a fusion reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The water rectification unit is a water rectification unit without an energy-saving unit, and includes a first metering pump. The first metering pump (P0201) is sequentially connected to a first heater (E0201) and a first rectification column (R0201); The bottom of the first rectification column (R0201) is sequentially connected to a second metering pump (P0202), a first concentrated water tank (V0202), and a third metering pump (P0203); a first evaporator (E0202) is also connected to the bottom of the first rectification column (R0201); the top of the first rectification column (R0201) is connected to a first heat exchanger (E0203), and the first heat exchanger (E0203) is connected to a first reflux tank (V0201); both the first heat exchanger (E0203) and the first reflux tank (V0201) are connected to a first circulating water pump (P0205); the first reflux tank (V0201) is also connected to a fourth metering pump (P0204), and the fourth metering pump (P0204) is connected to the first rectification column (R0201).

5. The water detritiation system for a fusion reactor according to claim 2, wherein The water rectification unit is a water rectification coupled with an energy-saving unit, and includes a fifth metering pump (P0206). The fifth metering pump (P0206) is sequentially connected to a second heater (E0204) and a second rectification column (R0202); At the bottom of the second rectification column (R0202), there are successively the sixth metering pump (P0207), the second concentrated water tank (V0205), and the seventh metering pump (P0208); at the bottom of the second rectification column (R0202), there is also a connection to the second evaporator (E0207); at the top of the second rectification column (R0202), there is a connection to a compressor (P0211), the compressor (P0211) is connected to the second heat exchanger (E0205), the second heat exchanger (E0205) is connected to the condenser (E0206), the condenser (E0206) is connected to the second reflux tank (V0204), the second reflux tank (V0204) is connected to the eighth metering pump (P0209); the second reflux tank (V0204) is connected to the second circulating water pump (P0210).

6. The water detritiation system for a fusion reactor according to claim 1, wherein The combined electrolysis catalytic exchange subsystem includes a liquid-phase catalytic exchange unit and an electrolysis unit, and the liquid-phase catalytic exchange unit is connected to the electrolysis unit; The liquid-phase catalytic exchange unit utilizes the catalytic exchange reaction between HT and H2O vapor on the surface of the hydrophobic catalyst, enabling the transfer of the heavy component T into the vapor phase to form HTO vapor; The electrolysis unit electrolyzes the tritium-rich water at the lower end of the catalytic exchange column to generate elemental tritium (a part of which is recycled for catalytic exchange, and a part is extracted and input into the low-temperature rectification subsystem).

7. The water detritiation system for a fusion reactor according to claim 6, wherein The liquid-phase catalytic exchange unit includes a first reaction column (R0301), and the first reaction column (R0301) is connected to the second reaction column (R0302), The second reaction column (R0302) is connected to the third heat exchanger (E0302), and the third heat exchanger (E0302) is connected to the steam-water separator (V0301); At the top of the second reaction column (R0302), there is a connection to the raw water heater (E0301), at the bottom of the second reaction column (R0302), there is a connection to the ninth metering pump (P0301), and the metering pump (P0301) is connected to the first reaction column (R0301).

8. The water detritiation system for a fusion reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that, The electrolysis unit includes a first collection tank (V0402), and the first collection tank (V0402) is successively connected to a booster pump (P0402), a condenser I (E0407), a third resin bed (T0403), a condenser II (E0408), a fourth heat exchanger (E0408), a fourth resin bed (T0404), a filter (FL0401), and a third buffer tank (V0401); The enriched water in the third buffer tank (V0401) enters the electrolytic cell I (R0401), electrolytic cell II (R0402), and electrolytic cell III (R0403) via the circulating pump (P0401).

9. The water detritiation system for a fusion reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The low-temperature rectification subsystem includes a palladium membrane purifier (E1201), and the palladium membrane purifier (E1201) is successively connected to a flow controller I (FIRC1201), a circulating booster pump I (P1201), an isotope depth purifier (E1202), a regenerative heat exchanger I (HX1201), a feed condenser I (E1203), and a rectification column I (C1201); At the top of the rectification column I (C1201), there is a connection to the regenerative heat exchanger I (HX1201); The bottom of the rectification column Ⅰ (C1201) is sequentially connected to the regenerative heat exchanger Ⅱ (HX1202), the flow controller Ⅱ (FIRC1202), the circulating booster pump Ⅱ (P1202), the equilibrium reactor Ⅰ (R1201), the regenerative heat exchanger Ⅲ (HX1203), the feed condenser Ⅲ (E1205), and the rectification column Ⅱ (C1202); The top of the rectification column Ⅱ (C1202) is sequentially connected to the regenerative heat exchanger Ⅲ (HX1203), the flow controller Ⅲ (FIRC1203), the circulating booster pump Ⅲ (P1203), the equilibrium reactor Ⅱ (R1202), the regenerative heat exchanger Ⅱ (HX1202), the feed condenser Ⅱ (E1204), and the rectification column Ⅰ (C1201); The bottom of the rectification column Ⅱ (C1202) is sequentially connected to the flow controller Ⅳ (FIRC1204), the circulating booster pump Ⅳ (P1204), and the second collection tank (V1201).

10. A water detritiation method for a fusion reactor, characterized in that, The low-concentration tritium-containing water generated in the fusion reactor device enters the water rectification subsystem for separation to obtain depleted tritium water and enriched tritium water; The depleted tritium water is recycled or discharged up to standard, and the enriched tritium water enters the storage tank unit and is mixed with the high-concentration tritium water and then enters the combined electrolysis catalytic exchange subsystem; The combined electrolysis catalytic exchange system electrolyzes the input high-concentration tritium water and enriched tritium water to obtain tritium-containing hydrogen in elemental state. A part of the tritium-containing hydrogen in elemental state is discharged up to standard after elution, and the other part is input into the low-temperature rectification subsystem.

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