Vehicle power battery pack intelligent energy storage system and method based on dynamic topology reconstruction

Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle power battery pack intelligent energy storage system and method based on dynamic topology reconstruction. Dynamic parameters of a power battery pack can be monitored in real time. According to the power grid control requirement and / or the real-time dynamic parameters of the power battery packs, the series / parallel topological structures of the power battery packs are dynamically adjusted; whether the power battery pack breaks down or not is judged according to the dynamic parameters of the power battery pack, and when the power battery pack breaks down, the faulty power battery pack is removed from the power battery topological structure, so that the electrical isolation of the faulty power battery pack and the non-faulty power battery pack is realized; and meanwhile, real-time dynamic parameter transmission of the fault power battery pack is blocked. Through cooperative control of the IPM and the EMS, online addition and deletion of the battery pack and dynamic adjustment of series / parallel topology are supported, the system capacity is linearly expanded, and the limitation of a traditional fixed topology is broken through.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of intelligent energy storage of power battery packs for vehicles, and specifically refers to an intelligent energy storage system and method for vehicle power battery packs based on dynamic topology reconfiguration. Background Art

[0002] The existing echelon energy storage system for vehicle power batteries has the following technical bottlenecks: System rigidity: Traditional series DCDC or PCS solutions rely on fixed topological structures. To expand capacity, core equipment (such as PCS) needs to be replaced, which is costly and lacks flexibility; Poor voltage compatibility: Existing bidirectional converters (referred to as PCS) are only adapted to a single voltage platform (such as above 600V) and cannot be compatible with 400V / 800V hybrid battery packs; Protocol closedness: The communication protocols of battery enterprises are not open, resulting in a long customization and development cycle and low generality for power battery pack parameters / energy management systems; Insufficient safety isolation: The isolation of faulty batteries relies on physical circuit breakers, with a slow response speed and unable to achieve millisecond-level dynamic isolation. Summary of the Invention

[0003] An object of the present invention is to provide an intelligent energy storage system for vehicle power battery packs based on dynamic topology reconfiguration on the one hand, and an intelligent energy storage method for vehicle power battery packs based on dynamic topology reconfiguration on the other hand. The system and method can support online addition and deletion of battery packs and dynamic adjustment of series / parallel topologies through collaborative control of IPM and EMS, linearly expand the system capacity, and expand capacity without shutting down or replacing core equipment, breaking through the limitations of traditional fixed topologies.

[0004] To achieve this object, an intelligent energy storage system for vehicle power battery packs based on dynamic topology reconfiguration designed by the present invention includes: a state monitoring module, an energy management module, and a fault isolation module;

[0005] The state monitoring module is used to monitor the dynamic parameters of the power battery pack in real time;

[0006] The energy management module is used to dynamically adjust the series / parallel topological structure of multiple power battery packs by controlling the on / off states of switches connected to each power battery pack according to grid control requirements and / or the real-time dynamic parameters of the power battery pack;

[0007] The fault isolation module is used to determine whether a power battery pack has a fault according to the dynamic parameters of the power battery pack. When a power battery pack has a fault, all switches connected to the faulty battery pack are controlled to disconnect, removing the faulty power battery pack from the power battery topology structure, achieving electrical isolation between the faulty power battery pack and non-faulty power battery packs, and at the same time blocking the transmission of real-time dynamic parameters of the faulty power battery pack, achieving data isolation between the faulty power battery pack and non-faulty power battery packs.

[0008] Furthermore, the series / parallel topology of the power battery pack includes: each power battery pack is connected to an IPM through a parallel switch, and series topology is achieved between each battery pack through a series switch; each battery pack can achieve parallel topology through the parallel switch, and the outputs of each IPM are connected in parallel and then output.

[0009] Furthermore, the method for dynamically adjusting the series / parallel topology structure of multiple power battery packs by controlling the on / off states of the switches connected to each power battery pack includes: the series switch and the parallel switch connected to the power battery pack are integrated inside the IPM. When the series switches inside multiple IPMs are closed, the multiple power battery packs connected to the IPM with the closed series switch are in series state; when the parallel switches inside multiple IPMs are closed, the multiple power battery packs connected to the IPM with the closed parallel switch are in parallel state.

[0010] Furthermore, the method for dynamically adjusting the series / parallel topology structure of the power battery pack according to the grid control requirements and / or the real-time dynamic parameters of the power battery pack includes: the EMS dynamically controls the conduction and cutoff of the series switch and the parallel switch inside the IPM according to the grid control requirements and / or the real-time dynamic parameters of the power battery pack to achieve dynamic adjustment of the series / parallel topology structure of the power battery pack.

[0011] Furthermore, the EMS and the IPM are interconnected through a communication bus.

[0012] Furthermore, an edge computing unit is integrated in the EMS, and a data transmission algorithm is installed in the edge computing unit. The edge computing unit realizes real-time data transmission between the EMS and the battery pack through the data transmission algorithm.

[0013] Furthermore, the method for realizing electrical isolation between the faulty power battery pack and the non-faulty power battery pack includes: the EMS controls all the series switches and parallel switches inside the IPM connected to the faulty power battery to be disconnected, removes the faulty power battery from the topology structure, and the faulty power battery exits the usage state.

[0014] Furthermore, the method for realizing data isolation between the faulty power battery pack and the non-faulty power battery pack includes: the EMS encrypts the real-time dynamic parameter data of the faulty power battery pack through a data isolation algorithm to prevent the real-time dynamic parameter data of the faulty power battery pack from being read and interfering with the operation of the non-faulty power battery.

[0015] Even further, according to the intelligent energy storage method for vehicle power battery packs based on dynamic topology reconstruction of the vehicle power battery pack intelligent energy storage system, it includes:

[0016] Real-time monitor the dynamic parameters of the power battery pack;

[0017] Dynamically adjust the series / parallel topology of multiple power battery packs by controlling the on / off states of switches connected to each power battery pack according to the power grid control requirements and / or the real-time dynamic parameters of the power battery packs;

[0018] Judge whether a power battery pack has a fault according to the dynamic parameters of the power battery pack. When a power battery pack has a fault, disconnect all switches connected to the faulty battery pack to remove the faulty power battery pack from the power battery topology, realizing the electrical isolation between the faulty power battery pack and the non-faulty power battery packs. At the same time, block the transmission of the real-time dynamic parameters of the faulty power battery pack to realize the data isolation between the faulty power battery pack and the non-faulty power battery packs.

[0019] Advantages of the present invention: The traditional series DCDC or PCS solutions used in existing vehicle-used power battery cascade energy storage systems rely on fixed topologies, and core equipment (such as PCS) needs to be replaced for capacity expansion; existing bidirectional converters (referred to as PCS for short) are only adapted to a single voltage platform (such as above 600V) and cannot be compatible with 400V / 800V hybrid battery packs; the communication protocols of battery enterprises are not open, resulting in a long customization and development cycle and low generality for the parameter / energy management system of power battery packs. The isolation of faulty batteries relies on physical circuit breakers, with a slow response speed and unable to achieve millisecond-level dynamic isolation. The present invention realizes voltage self-adaptation through a bidirectional DC / AC converter with a wide voltage range (200 - 1000V) built into the power module (IPM), dynamically adjusts the series / parallel topology by the EMS to achieve flexible dynamic power distribution, integrates an edge computing unit in the EMS, integrates a private protocol parsing engine of vehicle enterprises, and converts the parameter data of power battery packs into a standardized Modbus-TCP protocol in real time. Without the authorization of battery enterprises, through the dynamic adjustment function of the EMS in cooperation with solid-state circuit breakers, the rapid removal of faulty power batteries is realized. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cascade energy storage system architecture of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the connection between the connector and the IPM of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the IPM topology principle of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the hardware module of the edge computing unit of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention usually described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0026] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] It should be noted that: similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of this invention is usually placed during use. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive distinction and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0029] In addition, terms such as "horizontal" and "vertical" do not mean that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or hanging, but can be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly inclined.

[0030] In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "set", "installed", "connected", "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations. The following further elaborates on the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0031] Such asFigure 5 As shown, an intelligent energy storage system for vehicle power battery packs based on dynamic topology reconstruction includes: a state monitoring module, an energy management module, and a fault isolation module;

[0032] The state monitoring module is used to monitor the dynamic parameters of the power battery pack in real time;

[0033] The energy management module is used to dynamically adjust the series / parallel topology structure of multiple power battery packs by controlling the on / off states of the switches connected to each power battery pack according to the grid control requirements and / or the real-time dynamic parameters of the power battery pack;

[0034] The fault isolation module is used to judge whether a power battery pack has a fault according to the dynamic parameters of the power battery pack. When a power battery pack has a fault, all the switches connected to the faulty battery pack are controlled to disconnect, and the faulty power battery pack is removed from the power battery topology structure to achieve electrical isolation between the faulty power battery pack and the non-faulty power battery packs. At the same time, the transmission of the real-time dynamic parameters of the faulty power battery pack is blocked to achieve data isolation between the faulty power battery pack and the non-faulty power battery packs.

[0035] It should be noted that the power battery pack is a battery pack retired from an electric vehicle. When the power battery is retired, it generally still retains 60-80% of its initial capacity. Directly discarding it will cause waste of resources. Therefore, the retired power battery pack is recycled and used for energy exchange with the power grid, which can not only store the energy of the power grid but also provide the stored energy to the power grid.

[0036] In the above technical solution, the series / parallel topology of the power battery pack includes: each power battery pack is connected to an IPM through a parallel switch, and series topology is achieved between each battery pack through a series switch; each battery pack can achieve parallel topology through a parallel switch, and the output ends of each IPM are connected in parallel and then output. The parallel switch can be connected between the IPM and the power battery pack, the series switch can be directly connected in series between the power battery packs, or the series switch and the parallel switch can be integrated in the IPM to achieve the series / parallel topology of the power battery pack. In some embodiments, it is preferred to integrate the series switch and the parallel switch in the IPM to achieve the series / parallel topology of the power battery pack. Integrating the series switch and the parallel switch in the IPM can improve the integration degree of the series / parallel topology structure of the power battery pack and make the series / parallel topology structure of the power battery pack more concise.

[0037] The power module (IPM) is a modular device integrating power semiconductors and drive protection circuits, which is used to efficiently control the power output and topology switching of the power battery pack. It is characterized by fast response and low loss. The power module (IPM) internally integrates high-performance power semiconductor devices, including but not limited to IGBTs and MOSFETs, which can achieve efficient electric energy conversion. The power module (IPM) constitutes a programmable switching matrix through the internally integrated power semiconductor devices, a bidirectional DC / AC converter with a wide voltage range (200 - 1000V), and a solid-state relay. The switches in the switch cabinet can quickly conduct or cut off the positive and negative connection paths of the battery pack. By controlling the switch states, the IPM can dynamically switch between parallel and series modes.

[0038] Existing bidirectional converters (PCS) are only adapted to a single voltage platform (such as above 600V) and cannot be compatible with 400V / 800V hybrid battery packs. However, the IPM supports voltage adaptation within a wide voltage range (200 - 1000V) through a built-in bidirectional DC / AC converter with a wide voltage range (200 - 1000V). The bidirectional DC / AC converter can, but is not limited to, adopt the combination of NPC-I type three-level and BUCK / BOOST two-level topologies to achieve bidirectional energy flow of ACDC, so as to achieve efficient energy transmission within a wide voltage range, such as Figure 3 shown. The communication buses used for interconnection between IPMs include but are not limited to high-speed CAN buses or 485 buses. As Figure 1 shown, during the peak electricity consumption period of the power grid, the direct current of the battery pack is converted into alternating current through the bidirectional DC / AC converter and transmitted to the power grid through the busbar control cabinet. At this time, the power battery pack is in the discharging state, and the series / parallel topology structure of the power battery pack is controlled by the EMS; during the low electricity consumption period of the power grid, the alternating current at the power grid end is converted into direct current through the busbar control cabinet by the bidirectional DC / AC converter and stored in the power battery pack. At this time, the power battery pack is in the charging state, and all power batteries are in parallel.

[0039] In some embodiments, for further optimization of the above technical solution, the method for dynamically adjusting the series / parallel topology structure of multiple power battery packs by controlling the on / off states of the switches connected to each power battery pack includes: the series switches and parallel switches connected to the power battery pack are integrated inside the IPM. When the series switches inside multiple IPMs are closed, the multiple power battery packs connected to the IPMs with the series switches closed are in the series state; when the parallel switches inside multiple IPMs are closed, the multiple power battery packs connected to the IPMs with the parallel switches closed are in the parallel state.

[0040] A preferred embodiment, such as Figure 1As shown, the power battery pack energy storage system includes 6 power battery packs. Each power battery pack is connected through a DC bus. Each power battery pack is connected to an IPM module. Inside each IPM module, there is a series switch and a parallel switch integrated. Among them, CB2 to CB7 are parallel switches, and K1 to K7 are series switches. Each IPM communicates and interconnects through a 485 bus and transmits information to the EMS through the 485 bus. At the same time, each IPM is also connected to the busbar control cabinet through a 380V AC bus, and the busbar control cabinet is connected to the power grid. Each power battery pack transmits data to the EMS through a CAN bus. Among them, when the parallel switch CB2 and the parallel switch CB3 are closed, the power battery pack 1 and the power battery pack 2 are in a parallel state. When the series switches K2 and K3 are closed, the power battery pack 1 and the power battery pack 2 are in a parallel state. It should be noted that each IPM is connected to a parallel switch and a series switch. Figure 1 The number of series switches is more than that of parallel switches. Some of the series switches are external switches, which are turned on and off manually. In this embodiment, K4 is set as the external switch, and the remaining series switches are connected to the IPM one by one.

[0041] In the above technical solution, the method for dynamically adjusting the series / parallel topology structure of the power battery pack according to the grid control requirements and / or the real-time dynamic parameters of the power battery pack includes: the EMS dynamically controls the on and off of the series switch and the parallel switch inside the IPM according to the grid control requirements and / or the real-time dynamic parameters of the power battery pack to realize the dynamic adjustment of the series / parallel topology structure of the power battery pack.

[0042] In some embodiments, the positive and negative electrodes of the power battery pack pass through Figure 2 the integrated connector shown, and with fuses, contactors in physical contact with the positive and negative electrodes of the IPM, to achieve the interconnection of high voltage and low voltage of the IPM. The integrated connector, as the connector connecting the IPM and the power battery pack, also integrates a switch function. The integrated connector can also be used as an external switch to manually disconnect the connection between the battery pack and the power battery pack energy storage system in case of emergency. At the same time, a communication module is also integrated inside the IPM. Sensors arranged inside the power battery pack or in the surrounding space of the power battery pack collect parameters such as the voltage, current, and temperature of the power battery pack in real time. The parameters collected by the sensors are transmitted to the communication module inside the IPM through a communication bus, and then transmitted to the energy management system (EMS) by the communication module inside the IPM through the communication bus. The communication bus includes but is not limited to a high-speed CAN bus or a 485 bus.

[0043] In the above technical solution, the EMS and the IPM are interconnected through a communication bus.

[0044] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1As shown, the Energy Management System (EMS) obtains the voltage, current, and temperature data of the battery pack from each IPM through the high-speed CAN bus or the 485 bus, and evaluates its State of Health (SOH). The EMS also receives external information such as the power demand instruction of the power grid (such as charging / discharging power) and the real-time electricity price signal (for peak-valley arbitrage) through the busbar control cabinet.

[0045] The Energy Management System (EMS) uses high-performance microprocessors, including but not limited to DSP and FPGA, which can implement fast operation control algorithms. The EMS communicates with the IPM through the high-speed CAN bus or the 485 bus, monitors the status of the battery pack in real time, and dynamically adjusts the series / parallel topology of the power battery according to aspects such as the battery status (such as the voltage difference between single cells, State of Health SOH), grid demand (such as grid voltage, power demand), and safety constraints (such as temperature threshold, overcurrent protection). The EMS uses Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) technology to adopt advanced neural network algorithms, including Deep Q-Network (DQN) or Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG), to achieve dynamic optimization of the charging and discharging plan. DRL can automatically learn and identify different electricity price signals and battery health states, and generate the optimal charging and discharging plan for the power battery pack.

[0046] In some embodiments, when adjusting the series / parallel topology of the power battery pack according to the power demand of the power grid, the EMS sends a topology switching instruction to the IPM, and the microcontroller inside the IPM parses the instruction and drives the switch to act: when the power grid is in the case of high voltage and low current for long-distance power transmission, all power battery packs are in series mode; when the power grid is in the case of low voltage and high current for short-time high-power output, all power batteries are in parallel mode; when the grid demand voltage is low (such as 380V), the parallel topology is preferably selected, such as paralleling multiple 400V battery packs; when a higher voltage (such as 800V) is required, the EMS controls the series switch to be closed to achieve the series topology of the battery. It should be noted that to meet the grid demand voltage value, there is a situation where some power battery packs are in series state and some power battery packs are in parallel state; to maximize the output power of the power battery pack, at the same voltage, the total output current is increased by increasing the number of parallel modules (Power = Voltage × Current); to balance the life of the power battery pack and avoid overcharging / overdischarging of a single battery pack, the EMS dynamically adjusts the topology to balance the charge and discharge depth of each module.

[0047] In some embodiments, the EMS adopts an advanced topology adjustment algorithm. According to parameters such as the voltage, current, and temperature of the power battery pack, it calculates the optimal series / parallel topology in real time. When the voltage of the power battery pack is low, the EMS can connect multiple power battery packs in series to increase the total voltage. When the voltage of the power battery pack is high, the EMS can connect multiple power battery packs in parallel to reduce the total voltage. It also includes automatically removing the faulty power battery pack from the topology structure of the power battery pack when parameters such as the voltage, current, and temperature of the power battery pack are abnormal. The topology adjustment algorithm is based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL), dynamically optimizes the charge and discharge plan, and can also combine the electricity price signal and the state of health (SOH) of the battery to achieve peak-valley arbitrage and the life balance of the power battery. The electricity price signal uses real-time electricity price data, such as peak-valley electricity prices or real-time electricity prices. The electricity price signal can be obtained by the EMS from the power grid or through the Internet.

[0048] The state of health (SOH) of the battery adopts an advanced battery state of health assessment algorithm, including but not limited to the ampere-hour integration method or the impedance spectroscopy method. The SOH can monitor the health state of the battery in real time, such as capacity decay or internal resistance increase.

[0049] When the EMS adjusts the series / parallel topology of the power battery pack according to the grid control requirements and the real-time dynamic parameters of the power battery pack, it mainly considers the grid demand voltage and the real-time voltage of the power battery. When the grid demand voltage is higher than the voltage provided by the current power battery pack, the number of series-connected power battery packs is increased. When the grid demand voltage is lower than the voltage provided by the current power battery pack, the number of parallel-connected power battery packs is increased.

[0050] In some embodiments, the Figure 1 6-way power battery pack topology structure can be expanded to a 12-way power battery pack topology structure, doubling the energy storage capacity of the power battery pack energy storage system. The newly added 6 IPM modules are connected to the EMS but not in use in the initial state with the power battery pack. When the grid demand voltage suddenly increases, the EMS can automatically expand without shutting down or replacing equipment, and automatically switches the standby 6 IPM modules and the power battery pack to a parallel mode with the initial 6-way power battery pack, and the power output is increased by 100%. The dynamic expansion realizes fully automatic and seamless capacity expansion through the intelligent decision-making of the EMS and the rapid response of the IPM. By adding 6 IPM modules to the 6 initial IPM modules to achieve 12 modules in parallel, the output power and output power of the power battery pack energy storage system can be increased, and the power, capacity, and power requirements of different application scenarios at different times can be met.

[0051] In the above technical solution, an edge computing unit is integrated in the EMS, and a data transmission algorithm is installed in the edge computing unit. The edge computing unit realizes real-time data transmission between the EMS and the battery pack through the data transmission algorithm.

[0052] The data transmission algorithm includes a protocol parsing engine and a data conversion algorithm. The protocol parsing engine automatically learns and identifies the private protocols of different vehicle manufacturers in the power battery pack, extracts the key data fields in the private protocols of different vehicle manufacturers, and converts them into a standardized Modbus-TCP protocol; the data conversion algorithm can compress the real-time dynamic parameter data of the power battery pack, reduce the data transmission volume, and improve the data communication efficiency of the power battery pack.

[0053] The edge computing unit is optimized through hardware selection, software architecture design, protocol rule library management, and adaptive learning. The private protocol parsing engine of vehicle manufacturers is integrated into the edge computing unit to achieve real-time parsing and standardized conversion of the parameter data of the power battery pack, and to convert the real-time dynamic parameter data of the power battery pack into a standardized Modbus-TCP protocol for direct invocation by the EMS in real time, without the authorization of the battery enterprise, greatly shortening the development cycle of the energy storage system of the power battery pack, as Figure 4 shown in the schematic diagram of the hardware of the edge computing unit module. The edge computing unit adopts advanced communication protocols, including but not limited to TCP / IP or UDP / IP, and communicates with the EMS through high-speed Ethernet to transmit the converted data in real time.

[0054] The protocol parsing engine adopts advanced machine learning algorithms, such as deep neural network (DNN) or support vector machine (SVM), and through machine learning, drives protocol reverse engineering, dynamic rule library adaptation to multiple protocols, efficient data compression and mapping, automatically learns and identifies the private protocols of different vehicle manufacturers, extracts the key data fields, and converts them into a standardized Modbus-TCP protocol, realizing the real-time and unauthorized conversion of the private power battery pack parameter data of vehicle manufacturers to the Modbus-TCP protocol.

[0055] The data conversion algorithm adopts efficient data encoding and decoding technologies, including but not limited to Huffman coding or Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) coding. The data conversion algorithm can compress the parameter (BMS) data of the power battery pack, reduce the data transmission volume of the parameter data of the power battery pack, and improve the communication efficiency.

[0056] In the above technical solution, the method for realizing the electrical isolation between the faulty power battery pack and the non-faulty power battery pack includes: the EMS controls all the series switches and parallel switches in the IPM connected to the faulty power battery to be fully disconnected, removes the faulty power battery from the topological structure, and the faulty power battery exits the usage state.

[0057] Solid-state circuit breakers (SSDs) use high-performance power semiconductor devices such as IGBTs or MOSFETs. By replacing traditional mechanical contact circuit breakers with semiconductor devices (such as IGBTs), they have a millisecond-level cut-off speed (able to operate within 5 ms), can quickly isolate faulty circuits, and improve system safety and reliability to achieve rapid circuit interruption. SSDs can cut off the circuit within 5 ms, which is more than 10 times faster than traditional physical circuit breakers. Both the built-in series switches and parallel switches of the IPM can use solid-state circuit breakers (SSDs) to achieve rapid switching of the power battery topology and rapid isolation of faulty power batteries.

[0058] The SSD is integrated at the connection between the battery pack and the system: Each battery pack is connected to an independent power module (IPM). The solid-state circuit breaker (SSD), as the core component for electrical layer safety isolation, is directly installed at the output end of the battery pack or inside the IPM, such as Figure 1 the parallel switches CB1 - CB6 and series switches K1 - K7 shown in the figure, which are used to control the on / off of the main circuit between the power battery pack and the system.

[0059] In some embodiments, when the following situations occur, the EMS controls the solid-state circuit breaker (SSD) to cut off the connection between the battery pack and the main circuit of the energy storage system:

[0060] Abnormal temperature: When the temperature of the battery pack exceeds the safety threshold (for example, T > 60 °C);

[0061] Abnormal electrical parameters: Working conditions such as overcurrent, overvoltage, and short circuit that may cause thermal runaway or equipment damage;

[0062] Communication failure: If the communication of the data layer of the battery pack is interrupted or an abnormal instruction is detected (it is necessary to combine the data layer isolation mechanism);

[0063] The EMS monitors the status of the battery pack (temperature, voltage, current, etc.) in real time. When the parameters exceed the preset safety threshold, it immediately sends a cut-off instruction to the SSD, which can cut off the circuit within 5 ms, much faster than traditional mechanical circuit breakers (> 50 ms).

[0064] In a preferred embodiment, when the EMS detects Figure 1 that the temperature of the IPM - 3 battery pack in the figure is abnormal (T > 60 °C), the EMS controls the series switch SSD and the parallel switch SSD to cut off the connection between this power battery and the power battery pack energy storage system within 5 ms, remove it from the power battery topology, and the remaining power batteries are automatically reconstructed to achieve electrical isolation between the faulty power battery pack and the non-faulty power battery packs, and the system power loss can be less than 2%.

[0065] When the solid-state circuit breaker (SSD) cuts off the connection between the battery pack and the main circuit of the system, the circuit is cut off at the output end of the battery pack. The SSD directly cuts off the positive and negative output circuits of the faulty battery pack, completely disconnecting it from the main system. The isolation range of the solid-state circuit breaker (SSD) is only to isolate the faulty battery pack itself, and other normal modules continue to operate, achieving "local isolation, global availability".

[0066] After the SSD cuts off the circuit, the EMS can automatically adjust the topology. When a battery pack fails, the EMS automatically removes the faulty battery pack from the current topology and recalculates the optimal series / parallel structure to achieve a quick recovery of the system and ensure the minimum power loss of the system. Through dynamic topology reconfiguration, power continuity, voltage adaptation, and load balancing are ensured, achieving millisecond-level recovery and minimum power loss. Its core advantages lie in high reliability, low latency, and economy, providing a strong fault tolerance ability for the energy storage system.

[0067] In the above technical solution, the method for achieving data-level isolation between the faulty power battery pack and the non-faulty power battery pack includes: the EMS encrypts the real-time dynamic parameter data of the faulty power battery pack through a data isolation algorithm to prevent the real-time dynamic parameter data of the faulty power battery pack from being read and interfering with the operation of the non-faulty power battery.

[0068] The EMS isolates the data stream of the faulty battery through an independent secure channel to prevent the spread of incorrect instructions. The independent secure channel adopts advanced communication protocols, including but not limited to TCP / IP or UDP / IP, to achieve efficient data transmission.

[0069] The data isolation algorithm adopts advanced data encryption and decryption technologies, including but not limited to AES or RSA, to encrypt the data of the faulty battery to prevent it from being read by the EMS, IPM, and edge computing unit.

[0070] One embodiment: When a low-voltage fault occurs, the normal power battery packs communicate through the main CAN bus. The EMS detects that the real-time voltage of the faulty battery pack is lower than the normal value, switches the faulty battery pack to the standby CAN bus, and the data of the faulty battery pack is transmitted to the IPM through the CAN bus using the TCP / IP or UDP / IP communication protocol, and then transmitted to the EMS. The EMS encrypts the real-time parameter data of the faulty power battery through encryption algorithms such as AES or RSA to prevent the real-time parameter data of the faulty power battery from being read and used by the EMS, IPM, and edge computing unit. At the same time, a hardware firewall is deployed in the edge computing unit to limit the communication range of the faulty battery pack.

[0071] Embodiment 2

[0072] Based on the intelligent energy storage method for the vehicle-mounted power battery pack of the vehicle-mounted power battery pack intelligent energy storage system, it includes:

[0073] Real-time monitor the dynamic parameters of the power battery pack;

[0074] According to the grid control requirements and / or the real-time dynamic parameters of the power battery pack, dynamically adjust the series / parallel topological structure of multiple power battery packs by controlling the on / off states of the switches connected to each power battery pack;

[0075] Judge whether the power battery pack fails according to the dynamic parameters of the power battery pack. When the power battery pack fails, disconnect all the switches connected to the faulty battery pack to remove the faulty power battery pack from the power battery topological structure, realizing the electrical isolation between the faulty power battery pack and the non-faulty power battery packs. At the same time, block the transmission of the real-time dynamic parameters of the faulty power battery pack to realize the data isolation between the faulty power battery pack and the non-faulty power battery packs.

[0076] Embodiment 3

[0077] The present invention further includes a computer program product, including a computer program / instructions, and when the computer program / instructions are executed by a processor, the steps of the above-mentioned intelligent energy storage method for vehicle power battery packs based on dynamic topology reconstruction are realized.

[0078] The content not detailedly described in this specification belongs to the prior art well-known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An intelligent energy storage system for vehicle-mounted power battery packs based on dynamic topology reconstruction, characterized in that: It includes: a state monitoring module, an energy management module, and a fault isolation module; The state monitoring module is used to monitor the dynamic parameters of the power battery pack in real time; The energy management module is used to dynamically adjust the series / parallel topology of multiple power battery packs by controlling the on / off states of the switches connected to each power battery pack according to the grid control requirements and / or the real-time dynamic parameters of the power battery pack; The fault isolation module is used to determine whether a fault occurs in the power battery pack according to the dynamic parameters of the power battery pack. When a fault occurs in the power battery pack, all the switches connected to the faulty battery pack are controlled to disconnect, removing the faulty power battery pack from the power battery topology structure, realizing the electrical isolation between the faulty power battery pack and the non-faulty power battery packs, and at the same time blocking the transmission of the real-time dynamic parameters of the faulty power battery pack, realizing the data isolation between the faulty power battery pack and the non-faulty power battery packs.

2. The intelligent energy storage system for vehicle-mounted power battery packs based on dynamic topology reconstruction according to claim 1, wherein: The series / parallel topology of the power battery packs includes: each power battery pack is connected to an IPM through a parallel switch, and series topology is realized between each battery pack through a series switch; each battery pack can realize parallel topology through a parallel switch, and the outputs of each IPM are connected in parallel and then output.

3. The intelligent energy storage system for vehicle-mounted power battery packs based on dynamic topology reconstruction according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method for dynamically adjusting the series / parallel topology of multiple power battery packs by controlling the on / off states of the switches connected to each power battery pack includes: the series switch and the parallel switch connected to the power battery pack are integrated inside the IPM. When the series switches inside multiple IPMs are closed, the multiple power battery packs connected to the IPM with the closed series switch are in series state; when the parallel switches inside multiple IPMs are closed, the multiple power battery packs connected to the IPM with the closed parallel switch are in parallel state.

4. An intelligent energy storage system for vehicle power battery packs based on dynamic topology reconstruction according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, characterized in that: The method for dynamically adjusting the series / parallel topology of the power battery pack according to the grid control requirements and / or the real-time dynamic parameters of the power battery pack includes: the EMS dynamically controls the conduction and cut-off of the series switch and the parallel switch inside the IPM according to the grid control requirements and / or the real-time dynamic parameters of the power battery pack to realize the dynamic adjustment of the series / parallel topology of the power battery pack.

5. An intelligent energy storage system for vehicle power battery packs based on dynamic topology reconstruction according to claim 4, characterized in that: The EMS and the IPM are interconnected through a communication bus.

6. The intelligent energy storage system for vehicle-mounted power battery packs based on dynamic topology reconstruction according to claim 4, wherein: An edge computing unit is integrated in the EMS, and a data transmission algorithm is installed in the edge computing unit. The edge computing unit realizes the real-time data transmission between the EMS and the battery pack through the data transmission algorithm.

7. An intelligent energy storage system for vehicle power battery packs based on dynamic topology reconstruction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for realizing the electrical isolation between the faulty power battery pack and the non-faulty power battery packs includes: the EMS controls all the series switches and parallel switches inside the IPM connected to the faulty power battery to disconnect, removing the faulty power battery from the topology structure, and the faulty power battery exits the operating state.

8. An intelligent energy storage system for vehicle power battery packs based on dynamic topology reconstruction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for realizing the data isolation between the faulty power battery pack and the non-faulty power battery packs includes: the EMS encrypts the real-time dynamic parameter data of the faulty power battery pack through a data isolation algorithm to prevent the real-time dynamic parameter data of the faulty power battery pack from being read and interfering with the operation of the non-faulty power batteries.

9. An intelligent energy storage method for a vehicle-mounted power battery pack based on dynamic topology reconfiguration, which is based on the intelligent energy storage system of the vehicle-mounted power battery pack described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: Real-time monitor the dynamic parameters of the power battery pack; According to the grid control requirements and / or the real-time dynamic parameters of the power battery pack, dynamically adjust the series / parallel topology structure of multiple power battery packs by controlling the on / off states of the switches connected to each power battery pack; Judge whether the power battery pack fails according to the dynamic parameters of the power battery pack. When the power battery pack fails, disconnect all the switches connected to the faulty battery pack to remove the faulty power battery pack from the power battery topology structure, realizing the electrical isolation between the faulty power battery pack and the non-faulty power battery packs. At the same time, block the transmission of the real-time dynamic parameters of the faulty power battery pack to realize the data isolation between the faulty power battery pack and the non-faulty power battery packs.

10. A computer program product, including computer programs / instructions, which implement the steps of the method described in claim 9 above when executed by a processor.

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