X-waveband MW-level modular straight-cavity horn array antenna

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of high-power microwave antennas, in particular to an X-band MW-level modular straight-cavity horn array antenna which comprises a radiation layer, a coupling layer and a feed layer which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom. A plurality of rectangular cavities with open top surfaces are arranged in an array of the radiation layer; a rectangular hole is formed in the center of the bottom wall of each rectangular cavity; the coupling layer is provided with a plurality of coupling cavities with open top surfaces, the middle positions of four side walls of each coupler are respectively provided with a coupling cavity matching convex block, the four coupling cavity matching convex blocks jointly divide the coupling cavities into four output ports, and each output port is connected with a rectangular hole in the radiation layer; the bottom wall of the coupling cavity is provided with a coupling cavity feed matching port. The feed layer is provided with a feed network inner cavity formed by four stages of E-plane waveguide power dividers, the output end of the feed network inner cavity is provided with a waveguide output port, and the waveguide output port is connected with a coupling cavity feed matching port of the coupling layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of high-power microwave antennas, and particularly to an X-band MW-level modular straight-cavity horn array antenna. Background Art

[0002] In modern military technology, high-power microwave (HPM) technology has become one of the important research directions. As an advanced equipment integrating detection, interference, and attack, high-power microwave radar plays an important role in military conflicts. As the radiation window of high-power microwave radar, the high-power microwave antenna must have the characteristics of high power capacity, wide bandwidth, high efficiency, and low cost. The X-band is a specific frequency range in the microwave band. Specifically, the frequency range of the X-band is between 8 GHz and 12 GHz. The X-band has high resolution, high power capacity, and good anti-interference ability, and is usually used in application fields such as radar, communication, and satellite.

[0003] Currently, common high-power microwave antennas include radial spiral array antennas, waveguide slot antennas, parabolic reflector antennas, and traditional flared horn antennas, etc. However, these antennas have the following disadvantages: the radial spiral array antenna has a complex structure, heavy weight, high research and development cost, and poor reliability; the waveguide slot antenna has a narrow bandwidth and limited power capacity improvement; the flared horn array antenna has low aperture efficiency and high profile; the reflector antenna is not conducive to vehicle-mounted and airborne integration. In addition, most of the existing high-power microwave antennas adopt measures such as filling inert gases such as SF6 to ensure that the power capacity meets the requirements, which introduces a set of gas charging and discharging devices in the antenna system in engineering applications, and uses gaskets and sealants to ensure the airtightness of the internal space of the device, thereby reducing the reliability and maintainability of the antenna system.

[0004] In the prior art, a patent application with the publication number CN1885616A discloses a high-gain waveguide horn array flat antenna, which includes a top conductive plate, an intermediate conductive plate, a strip line layer conductive plate, and a bottom conductive plate. However, due to the design of the strip line layer conductive plate, the power capacity is low and it cannot be applied to the high-power field. In addition, the opening area of the antenna unit is small, the unit spacing is large, and the aperture utilization rate is low. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main object of the present invention is to propose an X-band MW-level modular straight-cavity horn array antenna, aiming to solve the above technical problems.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention proposes an X-band MW-level modular straight cavity horn array antenna, which includes a radiation layer, a coupling layer, and a feeding layer stacked in sequence from top to bottom; the radiation layer is arrayed with a plurality of rectangular cavities with open tops, and each rectangular cavity forms a straight cavity horn antenna unit; a rectangular hole is opened at the center position of the bottom wall of each rectangular cavity, and the rectangular hole forms a feeding matching port of the straight cavity horn antenna unit; a plurality of coupling cavities with open tops are arranged on the coupling layer, and coupling cavity matching bumps are respectively arranged at the middle positions of the four side walls of each coupler. The four coupling cavity matching bumps jointly divide the coupling cavity into four output ports, and each output port is connected to a rectangular hole on the radiation layer; the bottom wall of the coupling cavity is provided with a coupling cavity feeding matching port; a feeding network inner cavity composed of a four-stage cascaded E-plane waveguide power divider is arranged on the feeding layer, and a waveguide output port is arranged at the output end of the feeding network inner cavity, and the waveguide output port is connected to the coupling cavity feeding matching port of the coupling layer.

[0007] Preferably, the number of rectangular cavities on the radiation layer is 64, arranged in an 8×8 array, the wall thickness of the partition between adjacent two rectangular cavities is 2 mm, the length and width of the rectangular cavity are 25 mm and 24.5 mm respectively; the array surface size of the radiation layer is 216 mm×212 mm.

[0008] Preferably, the number of coupling cavities on the coupling layer is 16, arranged in a 4×4 array.

[0009] Preferably, the four-stage E-plane waveguide power dividers on the feeding layer are respectively a first-stage waveguide power divider, a second-stage waveguide power divider, a third-stage waveguide power divider, and a fourth-stage waveguide power divider; the second-stage waveguide power divider is vertically arranged at both ends of the first-stage waveguide power divider; the third-stage waveguide power divider is vertically arranged at both ends of the second-stage waveguide power divider; the fourth-stage waveguide power divider is vertically arranged at both ends of the third-stage waveguide power divider; the waveguide output ports are respectively arranged at both ends of the fourth-stage waveguide power divider.

[0010] Preferably, the first-stage waveguide power divider is fed with a standard waveguide BJ84 caliber, and matching pins are arranged on the first-stage waveguide power divider.

[0011] Preferably, the length and width of the first-stage waveguide power divider are 28.5 mm and 12.62 mm respectively; the radius of the matching pin is 1 mm; both ends of the matching pin are respectively inserted at the center positions of the two long side walls of the first-stage waveguide power divider.

[0012] Preferably, a first matching bump is arranged on the long side surface of the second-stage waveguide power divider, and the first matching bump is a three-stage stepped matching module.

[0013] Preferably, a second matching bump is provided on the long side surface of the third-stage waveguide power divider, and the second matching bump is provided at a position opposite to the end of the second-stage waveguide power divider.

[0014] Preferably, a third matching bump is provided on the long side surface of the fourth-stage waveguide power divider, and the third matching bump is provided at a position opposite to the end of the third-stage waveguide power divider.

[0015] Preferably, the size of the waveguide output port is 19 mm in length × 9 mm in width.

[0016] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0017] (1) In the modular straight-cavity horn array antenna provided by the present invention, straight-cavity horn antenna units are adopted in the radiation layer, a one-to-four coupling structure is adopted on the coupling layer, and the inner cavity of the feeding network is composed of a four-stage E-plane waveguide power divider on the feeding layer, which simplifies the feeding network design, saves half of the number and space of the waveguide power network feeding units, and realizes a wider working bandwidth. Compared with the traditional flared horn unit, the straight-cavity horn antenna unit in the radiation layer is thinner, lighter in weight, and higher in aperture efficiency.

[0018] (2) The modular straight-cavity horn array antenna provided by the present invention has the advantages of wide bandwidth, high efficiency, high power capacity, low cost, and high reliability. The bandwidth with VSWR less than 1.35 reaches 6.7%, the peak gain is 27.8 dB, the efficiency reaches more than 90%, and the power capacity under air propagation conditions is greater than 1.4 MW.

[0019] (3) The modular straight-cavity horn array antenna provided by the present invention can be arrayed according to different requirements of action power through modular design. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative efforts.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the X-band MW-level modular straight-cavity horn array antenna provided by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a top view of the radiation layer in the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 isFigure 2 Cross-sectional view A-A in the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 Top view of the coupling layer in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 Top view of the feeding layer in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 VSWR parameter curve graph of the X-band MW-level modular straight cavity horn array antenna provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 Radiation pattern of the X-band MW-level modular straight cavity horn array antenna provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 Electric field distribution diagram of the X-band MW-level modular straight cavity horn array antenna provided by the present invention.

[0029] Explanation of the reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Radiation layer; 11. Rectangular cavity; 12. Rectangular hole; 2. Coupling layer; 21. Coupling cavity; 22. Coupling cavity feeding matching port; 23. Coupling cavity matching bump; 3. Feeding layer; 31. Inner cavity of the feeding network; 32. First matching bump; 33. Waveguide output port; 34. Second matching bump; 35. Matching pin; 36. Third matching bump. Detailed implementation manners

[0030] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0031] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship and movement conditions between components in a specific posture (as shown in the attached drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0032] In addition, the descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that those of ordinary skill in the art can implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0033] Combined with Figures 1 to 5 As shown, an X-band MW-level modular straight-cavity horn array antenna includes a radiation layer 1, a coupling layer 2, and a feeding layer 3 that are stacked in sequence from top to bottom.

[0034] The radiation layer 1 is arrayed with a plurality of rectangular cavities 11 with open tops, and each rectangular cavity 11 forms a straight-cavity horn antenna unit; a rectangular hole 12 is opened at the center of the bottom wall of each rectangular cavity 11, and the rectangular hole 12 forms the feeding matching port of the straight-cavity horn antenna unit.

[0035] The coupling layer 2 is provided with a plurality of coupling cavities 21 with open tops. At the middle positions of the four side walls of each coupler 21, coupling cavity matching bumps 23 are respectively provided. The four coupling cavity matching bumps 23 together divide the coupling cavity 21 into four output ports, and each output port is connected to a rectangular hole 12 on the radiation layer 1; the bottom wall of the coupling cavity 21 is provided with a coupling cavity feeding matching port 22. The coupling cavity matching bump 23 is a rectangular block with a size of 8.3 mm × 1.4 mm × 10 mm, and its function is to match and isolate the multi-mode electromagnetic field in the coupling cavity 21.

[0036] The feeding layer 3 is provided with a feeding network inner cavity 31 composed of a four-stage E-plane waveguide power divider. The output end of the feeding network 31 is provided with a waveguide output port 33, and the waveguide output port 33 is connected to the coupling cavity feeding matching port 22 of the coupling layer 2.

[0037] Combined with Figure 2 As shown, the number of rectangular cavities 11 on the radiation layer 1 is 64, arranged in an 8×8 array. The wall thickness of the partition between adjacent two rectangular cavities 11 is 2 mm. The length and width of the rectangular cavity 11 are 25 mm and 24.5 mm respectively; the array surface size of the radiation layer 1 is 216 mm × 212 mm.

[0038] Combined with Figure 4 As shown, the number of coupling cavities 21 on the coupling layer 2 is 16, arranged in a 4×4 array.

[0039] Combined withFigure 5 As shown, the four-stage E-plane waveguide power divider on the feeding layer 3 is respectively a first-stage waveguide power divider, a second-stage waveguide power divider, a third-stage waveguide power divider, and a fourth-stage waveguide power divider; the second-stage waveguide power dividers are vertically arranged at both ends of the first-stage waveguide power divider; the third-stage waveguide power dividers are vertically arranged at both ends of the second-stage waveguide power divider; the fourth-stage waveguide power dividers are vertically arranged at both ends of the third-stage waveguide power divider; waveguide output ports 33 are arranged at both ends of the fourth-stage waveguide power divider.

[0040] Furthermore, for the consideration of modularization, standardization, and generalization, the first-stage waveguide power divider is fed with a standard waveguide BJ84 caliber, and matching pins 35 are arranged on the first-stage waveguide power divider for impedance matching. The length and width of the first-stage waveguide power divider are 28.5 mm and 12.62 mm respectively; the radius of the matching pin 35 is 1 mm; both ends of the matching pin 35 are inserted at the central positions of the two long sidewalls of the first-stage waveguide power divider.

[0041] A first matching bump 32 is arranged on the long side surface of the second-stage waveguide power divider. The first matching bump 32 is a three-stage stepped matching module. The small end of the first matching bump 32 faces the end of the first-stage waveguide power divider. The first matching bump 32 is used to broaden the working bandwidth. Since at least three-stage or more designs are required for multi-stage stepped matching to significantly play the role of broadening the bandwidth, the working bandwidth of the feeding layer 3 is broadened through three-stage stepped matching. Among them, the size of the first-stage stepped matching module is 12 mm × 6.8 mm, the size of the second-stage stepped matching module is 7.2 mm × 3 mm, and the size of the third-stage stepped matching module is 6.6 mm × 1.6 mm.

[0042] A second matching bump 34 is arranged on the long side surface of the third-stage waveguide power divider, and the second matching bump 34 is arranged at a position opposite to the end of the second-stage waveguide power divider.

[0043] A third matching bump 36 is arranged on the long side surface of the fourth-stage waveguide power divider, and the third matching bump 36 is arranged at a position opposite to the end of the third-stage waveguide power divider.

[0044] The size of the waveguide output port 33 is 19 mm in length × 9 mm in width.

[0045] The electromagnetic wave at the output port 33 of the fourth-stage waveguide power divider waveguide propagates upward, and there is a large amount of energy reflection. The traditional method is to use a bevel angle design at the bottom of the waveguide output port 33 for matching, but this will increase the thickness of the waveguide output port 33. Therefore, in this embodiment, by reducing the narrow-side size of the fourth-stage waveguide power divider, the reflection characteristics of the fourth-stage waveguide power divider are good, and the side length of the waveguide narrow side after reduction is 11.5 mm. The width of the first three-stage waveguide power dividers is 12.62 mm. That is, it is reduced from 12.62 mm to 11.5 mm. The feeding layer 3 adopts a four-stage E-plane waveguide power divider structure, and a matching structure is provided on each stage of the waveguide power divider for impedance matching to achieve a wider operating bandwidth.

[0046] Figure 6 The voltage standing wave ratio VSWR simulation result of the straight cavity horn array antenna provided by this embodiment is shown. It can be seen from the figure that the bandwidth with VSWR less than 1.35 reaches 6.7%, and the standing wave performance is good.

[0047] Figure 7 The antenna pattern simulation result of the straight cavity horn array antenna provided by this embodiment is shown. It can be seen from the figure that the peak gain is 27.8 dB, and the efficiency reaches more than 90%.

[0048] Figure 8 The electric field distribution diagram of the straight cavity horn array antenna provided by this embodiment is shown. It can be seen from the figure that the maximum field strength value is 2497 V / m. According to the air breakdown threshold calculation, the power capacity of the antenna of the present invention under air propagation conditions is greater than 1.4 MW, and the high-power transmission performance is good.

[0049] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformation made under the inventive concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect application in other related technical fields, is included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An X-band MW-level modular straight-cavity horn array antenna, characterized in that, It includes a radiation layer (1), a coupling layer (2) and a feeding layer (3) which are stacked in sequence from top to bottom; The array of the radiation layer (1) is provided with a plurality of rectangular cavities (11) with open tops, and each rectangular cavity (11) forms a straight cavity horn antenna unit; a rectangular hole (12) is opened at the center position of the bottom wall of each rectangular cavity (11), and the rectangular hole (12) forms a feeding matching port of the straight cavity horn antenna unit; The coupling layer (2) is provided with a plurality of coupling cavities (21) with open tops. At the middle positions of the four side walls of each coupler (21), coupling cavity matching bumps (23) are respectively arranged. The four coupling cavity matching bumps (23) jointly divide the coupling cavity (21) into four output ports, and each output port is connected to a rectangular hole (12) on the radiation layer (1); a coupling cavity feeding matching port (22) is arranged on the bottom wall of the coupling cavity (21); The feeding layer (3) is provided with a feeding network inner cavity (31) composed of a four-stage cascaded E-plane waveguide power divider. The output end of the feeding network inner cavity (31) is provided with a waveguide output port (33), and the waveguide output port (33) is connected to the coupling cavity feeding matching port (22) of the coupling layer (2).

2. The X-band MW-level modular straight-cavity horn array antenna according to claim 1, wherein The number of rectangular cavities (11) on the radiation layer (1) is 64, which are arranged in an 8×8 array. The wall thickness of the partition between adjacent two rectangular cavities (11) is 2 mm. The length and width of the rectangular cavity (11) are 25 mm and 24.5 mm respectively; the array surface size of the radiation layer (1) is 216 mm×212 mm.

3. The X-band MW-level modular straight-cavity horn array antenna according to claim 1, wherein The number of coupling cavities (21) on the coupling layer (2) is 16, which are arranged in a 4×4 array.

4. A kind of X-band MW-level modular straight-cavity horn array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The four-stage cascaded E-plane waveguide power dividers adopted on the feeding layer (3) are respectively a first-stage waveguide power divider, a second-stage waveguide power divider, a third-stage waveguide power divider and a fourth-stage waveguide power divider; The second-stage waveguide power dividers are respectively and vertically arranged at both ends of the first-stage waveguide power divider; The third-stage waveguide power dividers are respectively and vertically arranged at both ends of the second-stage waveguide power divider; The fourth-stage waveguide power dividers are respectively and vertically arranged at both ends of the third-stage waveguide power divider; The waveguide output ports (33) are respectively arranged at both ends of the fourth-stage waveguide power divider.

5. The X-band MW-level modular straight cavity horn array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first-stage waveguide power divider is fed with a standard waveguide BJ84 caliber, and matching pins (35) are arranged on the first-stage waveguide power divider.

6. The X-band MW-level modular straight-cavity horn array antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that, The length and width of the first-stage waveguide power divider are 28.5 mm and 12.62 mm respectively; the radius of the matching pin (35) is 1 mm; both ends of the matching pin (35) are respectively inserted at the center positions of the two long side walls of the first-stage waveguide power divider.

7. The X-band MW-level modular straight cavity horn array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, A first matching bump (32) is arranged on the long side surface of the second-stage waveguide power divider, and the first matching bump (32) is a three-stage stepped matching module.

8. The X-band MW-level modular straight cavity horn array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, A second matching bump (34) is arranged on the long side surface of the third-stage waveguide power divider, and the second matching bump (34) is arranged at a position opposite to the end of the second-stage waveguide power divider.

9. The X-band MW-level modular straight-cavity horn array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, A third matching bump (36) is provided on the long side surface of the fourth-stage waveguide power divider, and the third matching bump (36) is provided at a position opposite to the end of the third-stage waveguide power divider.

10. The X-band MW-level modular straight-cavity horn array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The size of the waveguide output port (33) is 19 mm in length × 9 mm in width.

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