A wireless power coupling control method and system based on vehicle-pile cooperation

Abstract

The application provides a wireless electric energy coupling control method based on vehicle-pile cooperation and relates to the technical field of vehicle wireless charging. The WPT system is of an LCC-S type compensation topological structure, and a DC-DC voltage boosting circuit is added in front of the output load of the receiving end of the WPT system. The WPT system comprises a first receiver and a second receiver. The first receiver is of a bipolar double-coil structure, and the second receiver is of a single-pole double-coil structure. The first receiver and the second receiver are decoupled, and the two coils of the first receiver and the two coils of the second receiver are diagonally arranged. The application improves the LCC-S type compensation topological structure by adding the DC-DC voltage boosting circuit in front of the output load of the receiving end. The double-loop control parameters are optimized through the PSO algorithm to realize stable charging power of the electric vehicle. The first receiver (bipolar double-coil) and the second receiver (single-pole double-coil) adopt the decoupled structure, and the coils are diagonally arranged, thereby effectively improving the energy transmission efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wireless charging technology for vehicles, and specifically to a wireless power coupling control method and system based on vehicle-charging pile coordination. Background Technology

[0002] Wireless charging technology, as another major technological innovation in the field of new energy vehicles, is gradually changing people's charging habits. It eliminates many inconveniences of traditional wired charging, providing strong support for the popularization and promotion of new energy vehicles.

[0003] Dynamic wireless charging, also known as "charging while driving," typically employs magnetically coupled wireless power transfer technology. This involves laying transmitting coils, high-frequency inverters, and compensation networks beneath the existing road surface to form a power supply rail. During dynamic wireless charging of electric vehicles, the transmitting coil identifies and locates the receiving coil. Once the transmitting coil approaches the receiving coil, it automatically activates, transferring electrical energy between the two coils via magnetic induction to charge the vehicle's battery pack. This charging system significantly reduces the capacity of the battery pack in electric vehicles, saving energy, reducing emissions, and lowering operating costs.

[0004] Because the vehicle is in motion during dynamic wireless charging, the relative positions of the coupling coils are constantly changing, causing the coupling coefficient to change and the charging power to fluctuate continuously, thus reducing the energy transfer efficiency of the electric vehicle wireless power transmission (WPT) system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems mentioned above in the background technology, and to propose a wireless power coupling control method and system based on vehicle-pile coordination.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] The first aspect of this invention provides a wireless power coupling control method based on vehicle-pile coordination. The wireless power transmission (WPT) system for electric vehicles adopts an LCC-S type compensated topology, and a DC-DC boost circuit is added before the output load of the receiving end of the WPT system. The WPT system includes a first receiver and a second receiver. The first receiver has a bipolar dual-coil structure, and the second receiver has a unipolar dual-coil structure. The first receiver and the second receiver are decoupled, and the two coils of the first receiver are diagonally arranged with the two coils of the second receiver.

[0008] The inductor current and output voltage of the DC-DC boost circuit are collected, and the inductor current and output voltage are used as input signals to the PI controller and the PSO algorithm optimization module, respectively.

[0009] Optimize the parameters of the PI controller using the PSO algorithm;

[0010] Determine the duty cycle of the output DC-DC boost circuit switch and output it to the PWM generator;

[0011] The PMW generator generates duty cycle control commands to control the switching of the DC-DC boost circuit.

[0012] Optionally, the PSO algorithm uses minimizing negative output power as the optimization objective function; optimizing the parameters of the PI controller through the PSO algorithm includes:

[0013] Initialize the particle swarm parameters; each particle in the particle swarm includes the voltage loop ratio, voltage integral coefficient, current loop ratio, and current integral coefficient;

[0014] Each particle is substituted into a preset voltage-current dual closed-loop controller to determine its fitness, and the parameters of the PI controller are iteratively updated and optimized; the preset voltage-current dual closed-loop controller has an inner loop of current and an outer loop of voltage, and is equipped with voltage feedforward.

[0015] Optionally, a voltage loop PI controller:

[0016]

[0017] in For current reference signal, For voltage loop ratio, For voltage reference signal, Output voltage, The voltage integral coefficient;

[0018] Current loop PI controller:

[0019]

[0020] The duty cycle of the DC-DC boost circuit switch. For the current loop ratio, For inductor current, Current integral coefficient.

[0021] Optionally, the transmitter of the WPT system consists of multiple transmitters with the same structure; each transmitter includes a first coil and a second coil, the first coil and the second coil share the same geometric center, and the coverage area of ​​the second coil is included within the coverage area of ​​the first coil; the first coil and the second coil are connected in series in reverse.

[0022] Optionally, a third coil is deployed between every two adjacent transmitters, and the overlap between the coverage area of ​​the first coil and the coverage area of ​​the third coil of each transmitter accounts for half of the coverage area of ​​the third coil; the first coil and the third coil are connected in series in the same direction.

[0023] A second aspect of this invention also provides a wireless power coupling control system based on vehicle-to-charging pile coordination. The wireless power transmission (WPT) system for electric vehicles adopts an LCC-S type compensated topology, and a DC-DC boost circuit is added before the output load of the receiving end of the WPT system. The WPT system includes a first receiver and a second receiver. The first receiver has a bipolar dual-coil structure, and the second receiver has a unipolar dual-coil structure. The first receiver and the second receiver are decoupled, and the two coils of the first receiver are diagonally arranged with the two coils of the second receiver. The system includes:

[0024] The data acquisition module is used to acquire the inductor current and output voltage of the DC-DC boost circuit, and input the inductor current and output voltage as input signals to the PI controller and the PSO algorithm optimization module respectively.

[0025] The PSO algorithm optimization module is used to optimize the parameters of the PI controller using the PSO algorithm.

[0026] A PI controller is used to determine the duty cycle of the output DC-DC boost circuit switch and output it to the PWM generator.

[0027] The PMW generator generates duty cycle control commands to control the switching of the DC-DC boost circuit.

[0028] Optionally, the PSO algorithm uses minimizing negative output power as the optimization objective function; the PSO algorithm optimization module includes:

[0029] The initialization module is used to initialize the particle swarm parameters; each particle in the particle swarm includes a voltage loop ratio, a voltage integral coefficient, a current loop ratio, and a current integral coefficient.

[0030] The optimization and update module is used to substitute each particle into a preset voltage-current dual closed-loop controller to determine the fitness, and iteratively update and optimize the parameters of the PI controller; the preset voltage-current dual closed-loop controller has an inner loop of current and an outer loop of voltage, and is equipped with voltage feedforward.

[0031] Optionally, a voltage loop PI controller:

[0032]

[0033] in For current reference signal, For voltage loop ratio, For voltage reference signal, Output voltage, The voltage integral coefficient;

[0034] Current loop PI controller:

[0035]

[0036] The duty cycle of the DC-DC boost circuit switch. For the current loop ratio, For inductor current, Current integral coefficient.

[0037] Optionally, the transmitter of the WPT system consists of multiple transmitters with the same structure; each transmitter includes a first coil and a second coil, the first coil and the second coil share the same geometric center, and the coverage area of ​​the second coil is included within the coverage area of ​​the first coil; the first coil and the second coil are connected in series in reverse.

[0038] Optionally, a third coil is deployed between every two adjacent transmitters, and the overlap between the coverage area of ​​the first coil and the coverage area of ​​the third coil of each transmitter accounts for half of the coverage area of ​​the third coil; the first coil and the third coil are connected in series in the same direction.

[0039] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0040] This invention provides a flowchart of a wireless power coupling control method based on vehicle-to-pile coordination. The wireless power transmission (WPT) system for electric vehicles adopts an LCC-S type compensated topology, and a DC-DC boost circuit is added before the output load of the WPT system receiver. The WPT system includes a first receiver and a second receiver. The first receiver has a bipolar dual-coil structure, and the second receiver has a monopolar dual-coil structure. The first and second receivers are decoupled, and the two coils of the first receiver are diagonally arranged with the two coils of the second receiver. The inductor current and output voltage of the DC-DC boost circuit are collected, and the inductor current and output voltage are used as input signals to the PI controller and the PSO algorithm optimization module, respectively. The parameters of the PI controller are optimized by the PSO algorithm. The duty cycle of the output DC-DC boost circuit switch is determined and output to the PMW generator. The PMW generator generates a duty cycle control command to control the switching of the DC-DC boost circuit.

[0041] The present invention improves the LCC-S type compensation topology by adding a DC-DC boost circuit before the output load at the receiving end, and optimizes the dual-loop control parameters through the PSO algorithm to achieve stable charging power for electric vehicles; in addition, the first receiver (bipolar dual coil) and the second receiver (monopolar dual coil) adopt a decoupled structure and the coils are arranged diagonally, which effectively improves the energy transmission efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0042] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] Figure 1 A system block diagram of a wireless power coupling control system based on vehicle-pile coordination is provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a WPT system receiver provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a preset voltage-current dual closed-loop controller provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure for deploying the transmitter coil in a WPT system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 A flowchart of a wireless power coupling control method based on vehicle-pile coordination provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 This invention provides a system block diagram of a wireless power coupling control system based on vehicle-pile collaboration. The electric vehicle wireless power transmission (WPT) system uses an LCC-S type compensated topology, and a DC-DC boost circuit is added before the output load of the WPT system receiver. The WPT system includes a first receiver and a second receiver. The first receiver has a bipolar dual-coil structure, and the second receiver has a monopolar dual-coil structure. The first and second receivers are decoupled, and the two coils of the first receiver are diagonally arranged with the two coils of the second receiver. The system includes:

[0050] The data acquisition module is used to acquire the inductor current and output voltage of the DC-DC boost circuit, and input the inductor current and output voltage as input signals to the PI controller and the PSO algorithm optimization module respectively;

[0051] The PSO algorithm optimization module is used to optimize the parameters of the PI controller using the PSO algorithm.

[0052] A PI controller is used to determine the duty cycle of the output DC-DC boost circuit switch and output it to the PWM generator.

[0053] The PMW generator generates duty cycle control commands to control the switching of the DC-DC boost circuit.

[0054] Based on the wireless power coupling control system based on vehicle-charging pile collaboration provided by the embodiments of the present invention, the LCC-S type compensation topology is improved by adding a DC-DC boost circuit before the output load at the receiving end, and the dual-loop control parameters are optimized by the PSO algorithm to achieve stable charging power for electric vehicles; and the first receiver (bipolar dual coil) and the second receiver (monopolar dual coil) adopt a decoupled structure and the coils are arranged diagonally, which effectively improves the energy transmission efficiency.

[0055] In one implementation, see [link to implementation details]. Figure 1 The WPT system's charging coupling system includes a vehicle-side and a charging pile-side, both employing a full-bridge structure. The charging pile-side is the primary side, serving as the transmitter. The vehicle-side consists of a full-bridge structure composed of four switching transistors (P1-P4), a transmitting coil, a series capacitor Cp, a parallel capacitor Cf1, and a compensation inductor Lf1. The vehicle-side is the secondary side, serving as the receiver. It consists of a full-bridge structure composed of four diodes (VD1-VD4), a secondary side receiving coil (first and second receivers), a series capacitor Cs, a parallel capacitor Cf2, a compensation inductor Lf2, a filter capacitor Co, and a load resistor RL. The inductor L, switch S, diode VD0, and capacitor Cb form a DC-DC boost circuit.

[0056] The charging power equation for the WPT system is as follows:

[0057] (1)

[0058] in, For charging power, Mutual inductance, which is the coupling coefficient. The input voltage at the transmitter. The duty cycle of the boost circuit switch. To compensate for the inductance value of the inductor, The resistance value of the load resistor.

[0059] According to formula (1), in order to suppress the charging power fluctuation caused by the continuous change of the coupling coefficient during the operation of the DWC system, the charging power can be controlled by adjusting the duty cycle of the boost circuit.

[0060] In one implementation, see [link to implementation details]. Figure 2 , Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of a WPT system receiver provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The first receiver consists of coils 1 and 4, with opposite polarities forming a bipolar dual-coil structure. The second receiver consists of coils 2 and 3, with the same polarity forming a unipolar dual-coil structure. The mutual inductance between the first receiver and the transmitter, plus the mutual inductance between the second receiver and the transmitter, constitutes the mutual inductance of the entire charging coupling system, as shown in the following formula:

[0061] (2)

[0062] in, For the mutual inductance between the first receiver and the transmitter, Mutual inductance between the second receiver and the transmitter.

[0063] In one embodiment, the PSO algorithm uses minimizing negative output power as its objective function; the PSO algorithm optimization module includes:

[0064] The initialization module is used to initialize the particle swarm parameters; each particle in the particle swarm includes a voltage loop ratio, a voltage integral coefficient, a current loop ratio, and a current integral coefficient.

[0065] The optimization and update module is used to substitute each particle into the preset voltage-current dual closed-loop controller to determine the fitness and iteratively update and optimize the parameters of the PI controller; the preset voltage-current dual closed-loop controller has an inner loop of current and an outer loop of voltage, and has voltage feedforward.

[0066] In one embodiment, see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a preset voltage-current dual closed-loop controller provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0067] Voltage loop PI controller:

[0068] (3)

[0069] in For current reference signal, For voltage loop ratio, For voltage reference signal, Output voltage, The voltage integral coefficient;

[0070] Current loop PI controller:

[0071] (4)

[0072] The duty cycle of the DC-DC boost circuit switch. For the current loop ratio, For inductor current, Current integral coefficient.

[0073] In one implementation, the outer voltage loop acts as the master control loop, generating a current reference signal, while the inner current loop acts as the slave control loop, quickly tracking current commands. The feedforward channel directly compensates for input voltage disturbances, improving anti-interference capabilities. Figure 3 Chinese V ref (s), I ref (s), V in (s), V L (s) and I L (s) are respectively V ref I ref V in V L and I L The Laplace transform form, the integral characteristic of the output capacitor 1 / sC, 1 / RL is the feedback voltage divider, Gv(s) is the voltage loop controller, Gi(s) is the current loop controller, and k is the voltage division ratio of the output voltage VL.

[0074] Determine the reference voltage signal based on the vehicle's current charging mode. For example, if the vehicle is currently in constant power charging mode, then

[0075] (5)

[0076] The required power is set for the vehicle's battery management system.

[0077] The vehicle is currently in constant current charging mode, and the reference voltage signal is calculated based on the reference current set by the vehicle's battery management system. :

[0078] (6)

[0079] If the vehicle is currently in constant voltage charging mode, then set the reference voltage signal. The rated voltage set for the vehicle's battery management system;

[0080] The reference voltage signal serves as the input to the current control loop; the reference voltage signal and the output voltage are compared by an adder to obtain a voltage error signal; the voltage error signal is output as a current reference signal by the current loop controller, and the current reference signal is compared with the inductor current by an adder to obtain a current error signal; the current error signal is output as a control signal by the current compensator, and the control signal adjusts the switch duty cycle.

[0081] In the voltage control loop, the output voltage The output current is obtained through the feedback voltage divider network 1 / RL. The input is fed into the adder, where it is compared with the reference voltage to obtain a voltage error signal. This voltage error signal is then passed through the voltage loop controller, which adjusts the duty cycle of the signal adjustment switch to control the output voltage.

[0082] In one embodiment, see Figure 4 The present invention provides a schematic diagram of the structure of the WPT system transmitter coil deployment. The WPT system transmitter consists of multiple transmitters with the same structure; each transmitter includes a first coil and a second coil, the first coil and the second coil share the same geometric center, and the coverage area of ​​the second coil is included within the coverage area of ​​the first coil; the first coil and the second coil are connected in series in opposite directions; a third coil is deployed between every two adjacent transmitters, and the overlap between the coverage area of ​​the first coil and the coverage area of ​​the third coil of each transmitter accounts for half of the coverage area of ​​the third coil; the first coil and the third coil are connected in series in the same direction.

[0083] In one implementation, the transmitter of the WPT system can be deployed under any target road. When a vehicle is traveling on the target road, the transmitter under the road and the receiver on the vehicle can form a coupling coil to wirelessly charge the electric vehicle.

[0084] Figure 4 (a) shows the distribution diagram of the first and second coils. Figure 4 Figure (b) shows the distribution of the first and third coils. The first coil serves as the main transmission coil, the second coil as the suppression transmission coil, and the third coil as the auxiliary transmission coil. Since the first and second coils share the same geometric center and are connected in series in opposite directions, the second coil can suppress the coupling coefficient when the receiver moves to the center of the first coil. The third coil is located at the edge of the first coil and is connected in series in the same direction as the first coil, thus the second coil can improve the coupling coefficient when the receiver moves to the edge of the first coil. The combined deployment of the first, second, and third coils can avoid excessive changes in the coupling coefficient during vehicle movement, making the coupling coefficient relatively stable during movement, and improving the anti-offset performance of mobile charging.

[0085] This invention provides a wireless power coupling control method based on vehicle-pile coordination, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 5 , Figure 5 A flowchart of a wireless power coupling control method based on vehicle-pile coordination provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0086] S1: Collect the inductor current and output voltage of the DC-DC boost circuit, and input the inductor current and output voltage as input signals to the PI controller and PSO algorithm optimization module respectively;

[0087] S2, optimizes the parameters of the PI controller using the PSO algorithm;

[0088] S3 determines the duty cycle of the output DC-DC boost circuit switch and outputs it to the PMW generator;

[0089] S4, the PMW generator generates duty cycle control commands to control the switching of the DC-DC boost circuit.

[0090] In one embodiment, the PSO algorithm uses minimizing negative output power as the optimization objective function; optimizing the parameters of the PI controller using the PSO algorithm includes:

[0091] Initialize the particle swarm parameters; each particle in the particle swarm includes the voltage loop ratio, voltage integral coefficient, current loop ratio, and current integral coefficient;

[0092] Each particle is substituted into a preset voltage-current dual closed-loop controller to determine its fitness, and the parameters of the PI controller are iteratively updated and optimized. The preset voltage-current dual closed-loop controller has an inner current loop and an outer voltage loop, and is equipped with voltage feedforward.

[0093] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of one embodiment of the present invention, but this description is merely a preferred embodiment and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent variations and modifications made within the scope of the claims of this invention should still fall within the patent coverage of this invention.

Claims

1. A wireless power coupling control method based on vehicle-pole coordination, characterized in that, The electric vehicle wireless power transmission (WPT) system is of LCC-S compensation topology structure, and a DC-DC boost circuit is added before an output load of a receiving end of the WPT system; the WPT system comprises a first receiver and a second receiver, the first receiver is of a bipolar double-coil structure, the second receiver is of a single-pole double-coil structure, the first receiver and the second receiver are decoupled, and two coils of the first receiver and two coils of the second receiver are arranged diagonally; The inductance current and output voltage of the DC-DC boost circuit are collected, and the inductance current and output voltage are input as input signals into a PI controller and a PSO algorithm optimization module respectively; The parameters of the PI controller are optimized by the PSO algorithm; The duty cycle of the output DC-DC boost circuit switch is determined and output to a PMW generator; The PMW generator generates a duty cycle control instruction to control the switch of the DC-DC boost circuit.

2. The wireless power coupling control method based on vehicle-pole coordination of claim 1, characterized in that, The PSO algorithm takes minimizing the negative output power as an optimization objective function; the parameters of the PI controller are optimized by the PSO algorithm, including: Initializing the particle swarm parameters; each particle in the particle swarm comprises a voltage loop proportion, a voltage integral coefficient, a current loop proportion and a current integral coefficient; Each particle is substituted into a preset voltage-current double closed loop controller to determine the fitness, and the parameters of the optimized PI controller are iteratively updated; the inner loop of the preset voltage-current double closed loop controller is a current loop, the outer loop is a voltage loop, and a voltage feedforward is provided.

3. The wireless power coupling control method based on vehicle-pole coordination of claim 1, wherein, The voltage loop PI controller: I ref = Kpv(V ref -V L ) + Kiv∫(V ref -V L )dt where I ref is the current reference signal, Kpv is the voltage loop proportionality, V ref is the voltage reference signal, V L is the output voltage, Kiv is the voltage integration coefficient; The current loop PI controller: D = Kpi(I ref - I L ) + Kii∫(I ref - I L )dt D is the duty cycle of the DC-DC boost circuit switch, Kpi is the current loop proportion, I L is the inductor current, Kii is the current integral coefficient.

4. The wireless power coupling control method based on vehicle-pole coordination of claim 1, wherein, The transmitting end of the WPT system is composed of a plurality of transmitters of the same structure; each transmitter comprises a first coil and a second coil, the first coil and the second coil share the same geometric center, and the coverage range of the second coil is contained in the coverage range of the first coil; the first coil and the second coil are connected in reverse series.

5. The wireless power coupling control method based on vehicle-pole coordination of claim 4, wherein, A third coil is arranged between every two adjacent transmitters, and the overlapping part of the coverage range of the first coil of each transmitter and the coverage range of the third coil accounts for one half of the third coil; the first coil and the third coil are connected in series in the same direction.

6. A wireless power coupling control system based on vehicle-pole coordination, characterized by, The electric vehicle wireless power transmission (WPT) system is of LCC-S compensation topology structure, and a DC-DC boost circuit is added before an output load of a receiving end of the WPT system; the WPT system comprises a first receiver and a second receiver, the first receiver is of a bipolar double-coil structure, the second receiver is of a single-pole double-coil structure, the first receiver and the second receiver are decoupled, and two coils of the first receiver and two coils of the second receiver are arranged diagonally; the system comprises: A data collection module is configured to collect the inductance current and output voltage of the DC-DC boost circuit, and input the inductance current and output voltage as input signals into a PI controller and a PSO algorithm optimization module respectively; The PSO algorithm optimization module is configured to optimize the parameters of the PI controller by the PSO algorithm; The PI controller is configured to determine the duty cycle of the output DC-DC boost circuit switch and output to a PMW generator; The PMW generator generates a duty cycle control instruction to control the switch of the DC-DC boost circuit.

7. The wireless power coupling control system of claim 6, wherein, The PSO algorithm takes minimization of negative output power as an optimization objective function; the PSO algorithm optimization module comprises: An initialization module is configured to initialize particle swarm parameters; each particle in the particle swarm comprises a voltage loop proportionality coefficient, a voltage integral coefficient, a current loop proportionality coefficient and a current integral coefficient; An optimization updating module is configured to determine fitness by substituting each particle into a preset voltage-current double closed loop controller, and iteratively update parameters of the optimized PI controller; the inner loop of the preset voltage-current double closed loop controller is a current loop, the outer loop is a voltage loop, and the voltage loop is provided with voltage feedforward.

8. The wireless power coupling control system of claim 6, wherein, The voltage loop PI controller comprises: I ref = Kpv(V ref -V L ) + Kiv∫(V ref -V L )dt where I ref is the current reference signal, Kpv is the voltage loop proportionality, V ref is the voltage reference signal, V L is the output voltage, Kiv is the voltage integration coefficient; The current loop PI controller comprises: D = Kpi(I ref - I L ) + Kii∫(I ref - I L )dt D is the duty cycle of the DC-DC boost circuit switch, Kpi is the current loop proportion, I L is the inductor current, Kii is the current integral coefficient.

9. The wireless power coupling control system of claim 6, wherein, The transmitting end of the WPT system is composed of multiple transmitters with the same structure; each transmitter comprises a first coil and a second coil, the first coil and the second coil share the same geometric center, and the coverage range of the second coil is contained in the coverage range of the first coil; the first coil and the second coil are connected in reverse series.

10. The wireless power coupling control system of claim 9, wherein, A third coil is arranged between every two adjacent transmitters, the overlapping part of the coverage range of the first coil of each transmitter and the coverage range of the third coil accounts for one half of the third coil; the first coil and the third coil are connected in series in the same direction.

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