Green manure seed reproduction method based on corn and green manure crop rotation and application of green manure seed reproduction method

Abstract

The invention provides a green manure seed reproduction method based on corn and green manure rotation and application of the green manure seed reproduction method, and particularly belongs to the technical field of green manure seed reproduction. The green manure seed reproduction method based on corn and green manure rotation comprises the following steps: covering the whole ground with a mulching film, planting corn in wide and narrow rows, harvesting the corn when the corn is mature, reserving stubbles of 30-40cm, and performing no-tillage; in the idle period of the corn farmland, green manure is planted between the wide rows of the corn; after the corn is harvested and before the green manure is sown, the mulching film breakage rate is kept to be lower than 15%; the green manure comprises leguminous green manure or cruciferous green manure; harvesting green manure; and repeating the steps, and carrying out the next round of rotation. According to the green manure seed reproduction method, the yield of green manure seeds can be increased, the water utilization efficiency of green manure is improved, and support is provided for drought-resistant and efficient seed reproduction of green manure in areas such as arid irrigation areas and semi-arid rain-fed agricultural areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of green manure multiplication, and particularly relates to a method for multiplying green manure based on the rotation of corn and green manure and its application. Background Art

[0002] The planting of green manure plays an important role in cultivated land conservation, reducing the application of chemical fertilizers, and ensuring the yield of main crops. However, there is a problem of low unit yield in the current production of green manure seeds. Especially in arid irrigation agricultural areas and rain-fed agricultural areas in semi-arid regions, traditional tillage methods have long faced prominent problems such as aggravated soil wind erosion and water erosion, loss of organic matter, and low water use efficiency. Green manure is an important means to improve soil structure and enhance soil fertility, but its seed production technology is relatively weak and the yield is low. At present, there is a lack of a method to improve the yield of green manure seeds. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for multiplying green manure based on the rotation of corn and green manure and its application. The method for multiplying green manure of the present invention can improve the yield of green manure seeds and the water use efficiency of green manure, and provide support for the drought-resistant and efficient multiplication of green manure in regions such as arid irrigation areas and semi-arid rain-fed agricultural areas.

[0004] The present invention provides a method for multiplying green manure based on the rotation of corn and green manure, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Cover the entire ground with plastic film, plant corn in wide and narrow rows. When the corn is mature, harvest the corn, leaving a stubble of 30-40 cm, and no-till;

[0006] During the idle period of the corn farmland, plant green manure between the wide rows of corn; keep the damage rate of the plastic film below 15% after the corn is harvested until the green manure is sown; the green manure includes leguminous green manure or cruciferous green manure;

[0007] Harvest the green manure;

[0008] Repeat the above steps for the next round of rotation.

[0009] Preferably, the wide and narrow rows include a wide row and a narrow row, the row spacing of the wide row is 50 cm, and the row spacing of the narrow row is 30 cm; the plant spacing of the corn is 18-20 cm.

[0010] Preferably, 2 rows of green manure are planted in each wide row of corn.

[0011] Preferably, the row spacing of the green manure is 20-30 cm.

[0012] Preferably, the green manure is sown in holes, and the hole spacing is 10-12 cm.

[0013] Preferably, when the green manure is wintering green manure and the corn is harvested before winter, sowing is carried out immediately after the corn is harvested; when the green manure is spring-sown green manure, sowing is carried out in spring.

[0014] Preferably, when the green manure is leguminous green manure and the pod maturity periods are inconsistent, the whole plant of the green manure is harvested when 80% of the pods are mature, and the green manure seeds are obtained after drying the pods until they are dry.

[0015] Preferably, when the green manure is a long-vine plant, the green manure is harvested by a rolling cutting method.

[0016] The present invention also provides an application of the green manure seed propagation method described in the above technical solution in improving the yield of green manure seeds.

[0017] The present invention also provides an application of the green manure seed propagation method described in the above technical solution in the functions shown in any one of ① to ③:

[0018] ① Improving the water storage and moisture conservation capacity of the soil;

[0019] ② Improving the water use efficiency of green manure;

[0020] ③ Increasing soil nutrients; the nutrients include soil organic matter, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and available phosphorus.

[0021] The present invention provides a green manure seed propagation method based on the rotation of corn and green manure. The green manure seed propagation method of the present invention can effectively alleviate the limitation of the insufficient regional water resources on the green manure seed propagation by covering the whole ground with plastic film during the corn planting period, no-tillage after harvesting the corn, and rotating the green manure, improve the yield of green manure seeds in the water resource-limited area, and improve the water use efficiency of green manure, providing support for the drought-resistant and efficient seed propagation of green manure in areas such as arid irrigation areas and semi-arid rain-fed agricultural areas; by leaving high corn stubbles, more supporting effects are provided for green manure crops, solving the problems of poor ventilation inside the population, plant rot and low seed yield caused by the prostrate, lodging and excessive biomass of green manure crops during the vigorous growth period; combining the use and cultivation of arable land to solve the problems of soil degradation and nutrient loss, forming a corn-green manure rotation system, breaking the problems of soil degradation and nutrient imbalance caused by the long-term single corn planting in traditional modern intensive planting, and the combination of no-tillage and green manure can increase the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and available phosphorus, improve the soil nutrient level and enhance the water and fertilizer retention capacity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0023] Figure 1 This is the field structure diagram for the high stubble rotation and green manure seed propagation of corn provided by the present invention. Specific embodiments

[0024] The present invention provides a method for green manure seed propagation based on the rotation of corn and green manure, comprising the following steps:

[0025] Cover the entire ground with plastic film, plant corn in wide and narrow rows. When the corn is mature, harvest the corn, leaving a stubble of 30 - 40 cm, and no-till.

[0026] During the idle period of the corn farmland, plant green manure between the wide rows of corn; keep the damage rate of the plastic film below 15% from the time after corn harvest until before green manure sowing; the green manure includes leguminous green manure or cruciferous green manure.

[0027] Harvest the green manure.

[0028] Repeat the above steps to carry out the next round of rotation.

[0029] There is a problem of resource competition between green manure seed propagation and the main crop: there is competition for water and fertilizer between green manure and the main crop, and the traditional intercropping mode causes occupation of the land area and growth time of the main crop, which easily leads to a reduction in the yield of the main crop. The present invention solves the problems of land and time competition between green manure and corn through the corn - green manure rotation mode, and uses the idle period of farmland in early spring, late autumn or winter for green manure seed propagation.

[0030] The plastic film of the present invention covers the entire ground surface, and corn is planted in wide and narrow rows. When the corn is mature, the corn is harvested, leaving a stubble of 30-40 cm, and no-tillage is carried out. The method for multiplying green manure of the present invention can be used in arid irrigation areas or semi-arid rain-fed agricultural areas. The present invention can effectively alleviate the restriction of insufficient regional water resources on green manure multiplication by rotating corn with plastic film mulching and no-tillage, improve the green manure seed yield in areas restricted by water resources, improve the water use efficiency of green manure, and provide support for drought-resistant and highly efficient multiplication of green manure in areas such as arid irrigation areas and semi-arid rain-fed agricultural areas. In a specific embodiment, the wide and narrow rows include a wide row and a narrow row, the row spacing of the wide row is 50 cm, and the row spacing of the narrow row is 30 cm; the plant spacing of the corn is 18-20 cm. The present invention can provide more supporting effects for green manure through the dense planting field structure of corn (planting in 30 cm: 50 cm wide and narrow rows) and a plant spacing of 18-20 cm, combined with high stubble left after corn harvest. The present invention forms a three-dimensional support by leaving a high stubble of corn (30-40 cm), effectively solving the problems of insufficient ventilation and light transmission inside the population and plant rot caused by prostrate growth, lodging, and excessive biomass during the vigorous growth period of green manure, and significantly improving the green manure seed yield. The present invention has no special limitation on the specifications of the plastic film, as long as it can achieve full coverage of the land. In the present invention, when the plastic film is laid, the width can be 140 cm. Under the traditional bare land drilling mode, the soil water storage before green manure sowing is low, and the water use efficiency is low. When the green manure is overwintering green manure, due to low temperature freezing damage and soil drought, the survival rate is less than 80%, and the seed yield fluctuates greatly. The present invention reduces soil evaporation through full ground plastic film mulching and no-tillage, increases the soil water storage in the 0-200 cm soil layer before sowing green manure crops, and improves the water use efficiency; and significantly increases the soil temperature before sowing green manure, raising the overwintering rate of winter green manure to more than 90%.

[0031] After harvesting the corn, the present invention plants green manure between the wide rows of corn; the damage rate of the plastic film is kept below 15% from after corn harvest to before green manure sowing; the green manure includes leguminous green manure or cruciferous green manure. In a specific embodiment, 2 rows of green manure are planted in each wide row of corn. Figure 1 It is a field structure diagram for multiplying green manure by rotating high stubble of corn, Figure 1It shows the wide-narrow row planting of corn, and the green manure is planted between the wide rows of corn. In a specific embodiment, the row spacing between the green manure row and the corn row can be 10-15 cm. In a specific embodiment, the row spacing of the green manure is 20-30 cm. In a specific embodiment, the green manure is sown in holes, and the hole spacing is 10-12 cm. In a specific embodiment, when the green manure is a wintering green manure and the corn is harvested before winter, sowing is carried out immediately after the corn is harvested. Specifically, before winter, ensure that Vicia villosa Roth grows to 10-15 cm, Brassica napus and Orychophragmus violaceus grow 6-9 leaves, so that the green manure can overwinter safely. The present invention has no special limitation on the variety of corn. In cold regions, when the corn is harvested late, in order to ensure that the wintering green manure can be sown on time, a grain-forage dual-purpose corn or sweet waxy corn variety with a shorter growth period can be selected. When the green manure is a spring-sown green manure, it is sown in spring. When the region where the green manure breeding method of the present invention is implemented has no distinct seasons, after the corn is harvested, select a temperature environment suitable for the growth of the green manure and plant the green manure as early as possible. In a specific embodiment, the spring-sown green manure can be sown when the surface of the soil thaws 3-5 cm in spring. Sowing appropriately early is beneficial to form high yields. In the present invention, the wintering green manure includes Vicia villosa Roth, Orychophragmus violaceus and Brassica napus; the spring-sown green manure includes Vicia sativa and Vicia villosa Roth. The present invention plants green manure between the wide rows, which can utilize the corn stubble to support the green manure and reduce lodging. The setting of the film breakage rate of the present invention being lower than 15% can play a role in storing water and preserving soil moisture. The present invention applies the rotation of corn with leguminous or cruciferous green manure, which can significantly improve the soil fertility. In a specific embodiment, the leguminous green manure includes Vicia sativa and / or Vicia villosa. In a specific embodiment, the cruciferous green manure includes Orychophragmus violaceus and / or Brassica napus. When the green manure is Vicia sativa, 6-8 seeds can be sown per hole, and the seeding rate can be 5-8 kg / mu. When the green manure is Vicia villosa Roth, 6-8 seeds can be sown per hole, and the seeding rate can be 3-6 kg / mu. When the green manure is Orychophragmus violaceus or Brassica napus, 7-10 seeds can be sown per hole respectively, and the seeding rates can be 0.25-0.35 kg / mu respectively.

[0032] Harvest the green manure; repeat the above steps for the next round of crop rotation. After harvesting the green manure, plow the land for the next round of maize-green manure crop rotation process. In a specific embodiment, when the green manure is leguminous green manure and the pod maturity periods are inconsistent, the whole plant of the green manure is harvested when 80% of the pods are mature, and the green manure seeds are obtained after drying the pods until they are dry. Specifically, when the leguminous green manure is hairy vetch (with inconsistent pod maturity periods and serious seed shedding), the whole plant is harvested when 80% of the pods are mature, and the seeds are removed after drying all the pods until they are dry. In a specific embodiment, when the green manure is a long-vine plant, such as common vetch and hairy vetch, the whole plant of the green manure is harvested by the rolling cutting method. The rolling cutting method means rolling up the above-ground plants of the green manure along the row direction and cutting the bottom rhizomes while rolling. After rolling cutting, it should be spread out for drying to avoid plant rot. The maize-green manure crop rotation system of the present invention can break the problems of soil degradation and nutrient imbalance caused by long-term single maize planting in traditional modern intensive planting. No-tillage combined with green manure can increase the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, and available phosphorus, improve the soil nutrient level, and enhance the water and fertilizer retention capacity. The solution of the present invention realizes the combination of land use and conservation, and can solve the problems of soil degradation and nutrient loss.

[0033] The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned green manure seed propagation method in improving the yield of green manure seeds. The green manure seed propagation method of the present invention can improve the yield of green manure seeds and effectively solve the problems of weak existing green manure seed production technology and low yield.

[0034] The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned green manure seed propagation method in the functions shown in any one of ① to ③:

[0035] ① Improve the water storage and moisture conservation capacity of the soil;

[0036] ② Improve the water use efficiency of green manure;

[0037] ③ Increase soil nutrients; the nutrients include soil organic matter, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and available phosphorus.

[0038] While realizing the efficient propagation of green manure, the green manure seed propagation method of the present invention effectively improves the water storage and moisture conservation capacity of the soil, enhances the water use efficiency of green manure, alleviates the limitation of water resource shortage in arid and semi-arid areas on green manure seed propagation, significantly improves the soil nutrient status, increases the contents of soil organic matter and nitrogen, improves the soil fertility, and is beneficial to the growth of subsequent crops and the sustainable development of the agricultural ecosystem.

[0039] To further illustrate the present invention, the following examples are used to describe in detail a green manure seed propagation method and its application based on maize and green manure crop rotation provided by the present invention, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] 1. General situation of the experimental area

[0042] The experimental base is located in Anding District, Dingxi City (104°12′E, 35°17′N), with an average altitude of 1898.7 m. This area is a typical semi-arid rain-fed agricultural area, with an average annual temperature of 6.3 °C, an average annual precipitation of about 400 mm, and a frost-free period of 141 days. The precipitation is extremely unevenly distributed throughout the year, mainly concentrated in July to September in summer and autumn. The solar radiation is strong and the heat resources are rich, which is very suitable for the growth of spring-sown crops. Due to the lack of river runoff, except for a few river valleys with irrigation conditions, the growth and development of crops in most areas rely on rain-fed.

[0043] 2. Experimental design

[0044] A split-plot experimental design was adopted. The main plots were two green manure planting methods: no-till rotation of green manure with high stubble of maize, and traditional tillage and drilling of green manure. The split plots were two spring green manure species: Vicia sativa and Vicia villosa.

[0045] In the no-till rotation of green manure with high stubble of maize, maize was covered with a full mulch film with a width of 140 cm. The field structure of maize was wide-narrow row planting with a width of 30 cm: 50 cm, and the plant spacing was 18 - 20 cm; when maize was harvested, a stubble of 30 - 40 cm was left, and the mulch film breakage rate was kept below 15% before sowing green manure. The green manure was sown in the 50-cm wide row of maize, with two rows planted, the row spacing was 20 cm, and the row spacing between the green manure row and the maize row was 15 cm. It was sown in holes, and the hole spacing was 10 - 12 cm; 6 - 8 seeds of Vicia sativa and Vicia villosa were sown in each hole respectively, and the seeding rates of Vicia sativa and Vicia villosa were 5 kg / mu and 4 kg / mu respectively.

[0046] In the traditional tillage and drilling of green manure method, after maize was harvested, the maize straw was crushed and returned to the field, and then tilled. Before sowing green manure in the following year, the land was harrowed and leveled, and the green manure was drilled on the bare land. The row spacing of the green manure was 20 cm, and the seeding rates of Vicia sativa and Vicia villosa were 5 kg / mu and 4 kg / mu respectively.

[0047] Maize was sown on April 26, 2023 and harvested on September 28, 2023; green manure was sown on April 3, 2024 and harvested on July 16, 2024.

[0048] 3. Experimental results

[0049] (1) Green manure seed yield

[0050] As can be seen from Table 1, by adopting the method of high stubble rotation of corn with green manure, the yield of vetch seeds reached 179.3 kg / mu, an increase of about 26.7% compared with 141.5 kg / mu of the traditional tillage and drilling of green manure; the yield of hairy vetch was 61.5 kg / mu, an increase of about 14.9% compared with 53.5 kg / mu of the traditional method. This shows that the planting method of the present invention significantly improves the yield of green manure seeds and effectively solves the problems of weak existing green manure seed production technology and low yield.

[0051] Table 1 Grain Yields of Green Manure Crops under Different Treatments

[0052]

[0053] (2) Soil Water Storage and Water Use Efficiency at the Time of Green Manure Harvest before Sowing

[0054] As can be seen from Table 2, in the planting of vetch with high stubble rotation of corn, the soil water storage in the 0-200 cm layer before sowing of green manure was 350.2 mm, an increase of 14.4% compared with 306.2 mm of the traditional method; the water use efficiency reached 1.39 kg / mu·mm, an increase of 33.7% compared with 1.04 kg / mu·mm of the traditional method. In the planting of hairy vetch, the soil water storage was 351.4 mm, an increase of 17.7% compared with 298.6 mm of the traditional method; the water use efficiency increased from 0.40 kg / mu·mm to 0.51 kg / mu·mm, with an increase of 27.5%. This shows that the method of the present invention effectively improves the soil water storage and moisture conservation capacity, enhances the water use efficiency of green manure, and alleviates the restriction of water resource shortage on green manure seed production in arid and semi-arid regions.

[0055] Table 2 Soil Water Storage, Water Consumption and Water Use Efficiency in the 0-200 cm Layer at the Time of Green Manure Harvest before Sowing

[0056]

[0057] (3) Soil Temperature and Nutrients

[0058] Analysis of the data in Table 3 shows that after 3 years of planting green manure, in the planting pattern of maize with high stubble rotation with vetch, the soil organic matter content in the 0-20 cm layer of the inventive method increased by 1.26 g / kg compared with the traditional method; the total nitrogen increased by 0.16 g / kg; the nitrate nitrogen increased by 1.21 mg / kg; the ammonium nitrogen increased by 0.42 mg / kg; and the available phosphorus increased by 0.84 mg / kg. In the planting of maize with high stubble rotation with hairy vetch, the soil organic matter increased by 1.24 g / kg, the total nitrogen increased by 0.15 g / kg, the nitrate nitrogen increased by 1.11 mg / kg, the ammonium nitrogen increased by 0.39 mg / kg, and the available phosphorus increased by 0.83 mg / kg. This indicates that the maize-green manure rotation system of the present invention significantly improves the soil nutrient status, increases the soil organic matter and nitrogen content, improves the soil fertility, and is beneficial to the growth of subsequent crops and the sustainable development of the agricultural ecosystem.

[0059] Table 3 Soil temperature and nutrient content at 0-20 cm under different treatments

[0060]

[0061] Example 2

[0062] 1. General situation of the test area

[0063] The test base is located in Longxi County, Dingxi City, Gansu Province (102°58′E, 37°50′N), with an average altitude of about 1750 m. It belongs to the hilly and gully area of the Loess Plateau, mainly consisting of loess ridges and valleys. The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. The soil is mainly yellow loess, with a deep soil layer but low fertility. It has a temperate continental semi-arid climate and is a rain-fed agricultural area. The average annual temperature is 7.8 °C, the extreme high temperature is 35.9 °C (in 1966), and the extreme low temperature is -23.4 °C. The average annual precipitation is 435.2 mm, but there is a large interannual fluctuation (the most in a year is 607.3 mm, and the least is 236.0 mm). The evaporation is as high as 1440 mm, and the drying index > 4.0. The precipitation is concentrated in July-September (accounting for 50% of the whole year), and droughts frequently occur in winter and spring. The annual sunshine hours are 2292 h, the frost-free period is 146 days, the frost risk is relatively high, and the early spring and late autumn are vulnerable to cold snaps.

[0064] 2. Test design

[0065] A split-plot experiment design was adopted. The main plots were two green manure planting methods: maize with high stubble no-till rotation with green manure and traditional tillage and drilling of green manure. The split plots were three winter green manure species: hairy vetch, orychophragmus violaceus, and green manure rape.

[0066] In the maize high stubble retention no-tillage rotation green manure method, the maize is covered with a full-width plastic film with a width of 140 cm. The field structure of the maize is a narrow-wide row planting with a width of 30 cm:50 cm, and the plant spacing is 18 - 20 cm; when the maize is harvested, the stubble is retained at a height of 30 - 40 cm, and the damage rate of the plastic film is kept below 15% before the green manure is sown. The green manure is sown in the 50-cm wide row of the maize, with two rows planted, the row spacing is 20 cm, and the row spacing between the green manure row and the maize row is 15 cm. It is sown in holes, and the hole spacing is 10 - 12 cm; Vicia villosa Roth, Orychophragmus violaceus, and green manure rape are all sown in holes. The seeding rate of Vicia villosa Roth is 4 kg / mu, and the seeding rates of Orychophragmus violaceus and green manure rape are both 0.3 kg / mu.

[0067] In the traditional tillage and strip sowing green manure method, after the maize is harvested, the maize straw is crushed and returned to the field, and then tillage is carried out. Before sowing the green manure, harrowing and leveling are carried out, and the green manure is sown in strips on the bare land. The row spacing of the green manure is 20 cm, the seeding rate of Vicia villosa Roth is 4 kg / mu, and the seeding rates of Orychophragmus violaceus and green manure rape are both 0.3 kg / mu.

[0068] The maize was sown on April 26, 2023, and harvested on September 10; the green manure was sown on September 12, 2023, and harvested on July 6 of the following year.

[0069] 3. Test Results

[0070] (1) Overwintering rate and seed yield of green manure

[0071] The data in Table 4 show that under the maize high stubble retention rotation green manure method, the overwintering rate of Vicia villosa Roth is 91.6%, which is 15.7% higher than 79.2% of the traditional method, and the yield reaches 63.6 kg / mu, with a 20.5% increase compared to 52.8 kg / mu of the traditional method; the overwintering rate of Orychophragmus violaceus is 91.4%, which is 16.7% higher than 78.3% of the traditional method, and the yield is 153.3 kg / mu, with a 14.1% increase compared to 134.3 kg / mu of the traditional method; the overwintering rate of green manure rape is 93.8%, which is significantly increased by 26% compared to 74.4% of the traditional method, and the yield is 154.8 kg / mu, with a 12% increase compared to 138.2 kg / mu of the traditional method. This fully shows that the method of the present invention effectively improves the overwintering rate and seed yield of winter green manure, and solves the problems of poor ventilation inside the population, plant rot, and low seed yield caused by the prostrate growth, lodging, and excessive biomass during the vigorous growth period of green manure.

[0072] Table 4 Performance of overwintering rate and yield of green manure under different planting methods

[0073]

[0074] (2) Soil water storage before sowing green manure

[0075] As can be seen from Table 5, for Vicia villosa, the soil water storage in the 0-200 cm layer before sowing green manure reached 343.7 mm by the method of the present invention, an increase of 16.8% compared with 294.3 mm by the traditional method; for Orychophragmus violaceus, the soil water storage was 306.2 mm, an increase of 2.5% compared with 298.6 mm by the traditional method; for Brassica napus green manure, the soil water storage was 312.4 mm, an increase of 5.1% compared with 297.3 mm by the traditional method. This further confirms the advantage of the present invention in maintaining soil moisture and provides good moisture conditions for the growth of green manure.

[0076] Table 5 Soil water storage, water consumption and water use efficiency in the 0-200 cm layer before and after harvesting green manure

[0077]

[0078]

[0079] (3) Soil nutrients

[0080] In Table 6, the soil organic matter content in the cultivation of Vicia villosa by the method of the present invention was 12.29 g / kg, an increase of 0.98 g / kg compared with 11.31 g / kg by the traditional method; total nitrogen increased by 0.07 g / kg; nitrate nitrogen increased by 1.16 mg / kg; ammonium nitrogen increased by 0.58 mg / kg; available phosphorus increased by 0.85 mg / kg. For Orychophragmus violaceus, the soil organic matter increased by 0.87 g / kg, total nitrogen increased by 0.04 g / kg, nitrate nitrogen increased by 0.69 mg / kg, ammonium nitrogen increased by 0.33 mg / kg, and available phosphorus increased by 1.02 mg / kg. For Brassica napus green manure, the soil organic matter increased by 0.82 g / kg, total nitrogen increased by 0.04 g / kg, nitrate nitrogen increased by 0.71 mg / kg, ammonium nitrogen increased by 0.28 mg / kg, and available phosphorus increased by 1.32 mg / kg. It can be seen that the present invention significantly improves the soil nutrient content, improves the soil ecological environment, is conducive to realizing the combination of land use and conservation, and solving the problems of soil degradation and nutrient loss.

[0081] Table 6 Soil temperature and nutrient content in the 0-20 cm layer under different treatments

[0082]

[0083] Example 3

[0084] 1. Overview of the test area

[0085] The experiment was conducted in Huangyang Town, Wuwei City, Gansu Province (37°44'49″N, 102°53'32″E) from 2022 to 2024. It belongs to the cold temperate arid climate zone, a typical arid irrigation area, with an average altitude of 1506 m, a frost-free period of about 156 days, 2945 hours of sunshine, an average annual precipitation of 160 mm, and an annual evaporation of up to 2400 mm. It is rich in light resources but lacks heat resources, and is a typical inland irrigation agricultural area where one crop is more than enough and two crops are insufficient, with a single corn planting pattern. The soil type is irrigated desert soil.

[0086] 2. Experimental design

[0087] A split-plot experimental design was adopted. The main plots were two green manure planting methods: corn high stubble no-till rotation with green manure and traditional plowing and drilling green manure. The sub-plots were two spring green manure species: common vetch and hairy vetch, and three winter green manure species: hairy vetch, orychophragmus violaceus, and green manure rape.

[0088] In the corn high stubble no-till rotation with green manure method, the corn was covered with a full mulch film with a width of 140 cm. The field structure of the corn was wide-narrow row planting with 30 cm:50 cm, and the plant spacing was 18 - 20 cm; when the corn was harvested, the stubble was left at 30 - 40 cm high, and the mulch film breakage rate was kept below 15% before the green manure was sown. The green manure was sown in the 50 cm wide row of the corn, with two rows planted, the row spacing was 20 cm, and the row spacing between the green manure row and the corn row was 15 cm, sown in holes with a hole spacing of 10 - 12 cm; the seeding rates of the spring green manure common vetch and hairy vetch were 5 kg / mu and 4 kg / mu respectively. The winter green manures hairy vetch, orychophragmus violaceus, and green manure rape were all sown in holes. The seeding rate of hairy vetch was 4 kg / mu, and the seeding rates of orychophragmus violaceus and green manure rape were both 0.3 kg / mu.

[0089] In the traditional plowing and drilling green manure method, after the corn was harvested, the corn straw was crushed and returned to the field, and then plowed. Before sowing the green manure, harrowing and leveling were carried out to drill the green manure on the bare land. The row spacing of the green manure was 20 cm. The seeding rates of the spring green manure common vetch and hairy vetch were 5 kg / mu and 4 kg / mu respectively. The seeding rate of the winter green manure hairy vetch was 4 kg / mu, and the seeding rates of orychophragmus violaceus and green manure rape were both 0.3 kg / mu.

[0090] The corn was sown on April 26, 2023 and harvested on September 10; the spring green manures common vetch and hairy vetch were sown on April 3, 2024 and harvested on July 16. The winter green manures hairy vetch, orychophragmus violaceus, and green manure rape were sown on September 12, 2024 and harvested on July 6 of the following year.

[0091] 3. Experimental results

[0092] (1) Overwintering rate and seed yield of green manure

[0093] Table 7 shows that in the cultivation of spring green manure, the yield of Vicia sativa L. using the method of the present invention is 196.3 kg / mu, which is 21.7% higher than the 161.3 kg / mu of the traditional method; the yield of Vicia villosa Roth is 86.2 kg / mu, which is 35.7% higher than the 63.5 kg / mu of the traditional method. In the cultivation of winter green manure, the overwintering rate of Vicia villosa Roth is 92.8%, which is 17.3% higher than the 79.1% of the traditional method, and the yield is 89.8 kg / mu, which is 36.7% higher than the 65.7 kg / mu of the traditional method; the overwintering rate of Orychophragmus violaceus (L.) O. E. Schulz is 92.7%, which is 17.8% higher than the 78.7% of the traditional method, and the yield is 171.6 kg / mu, which is 24.3% higher than the 138.1 kg / mu of the traditional method; the overwintering rate of Brassica napus L. var. oleifera DC. is 93.3%, which is 23.7% higher than the 75.4% of the traditional method, and the yield is 168.5 kg / mu, which is 22.2% higher than the 137.9 kg / mu of the traditional method. This once again proves the good effect of the method of the present invention on improving the yield and overwintering rate of green manure seeds, and effectively solves the problem of limited yield of green manure seeds in the prior art.

[0094] Table 7 Performance of overwintering rate and yield of green manure under different planting methods

[0095]

[0096]

[0097] (2) Soil water storage before sowing green manure

[0098] As can be seen from Table 8, when planting Vicia sativa L. as spring green manure, the soil water storage of 0 - 120 cm before sowing green manure using the method of the present invention is 363.4 mm, which is 4.2% higher than the 348.9 mm of the traditional method; the soil water storage of Vicia villosa Roth is 366.2 mm, which is 22.6% higher than the 298.6 mm of the traditional method. The soil water storage of Vicia villosa Roth as winter green manure is 354.8 mm, which is 20.6% higher than the 294.3 mm of the traditional method; the soil water storage of Orychophragmus violaceus (L.) O. E. Schulz is 361.8 mm, which is 21.6% higher than the 297.6 mm of the traditional method; the soil water storage of Brassica napus L. var. oleifera DC. is 360.3 mm, which is 21.4% higher than the 296.9 mm of the traditional method. These data indicate that the present invention can significantly increase the soil water storage in the cultivation of different types of green manure, providing sufficient water guarantee for the growth of green manure.

[0099] Table 8 Soil water storage, water consumption and water use efficiency of 0 - 120 cm before and after harvesting green manure

[0100]

[0101] (3) Soil nutrients

[0102] Analysis of the data in Table 9 shows that in the cultivation of spring green manure Vicia sativa, the organic matter content of the soil reached 12.30 g / kg by the method of the present invention, an increase of 0.58 g / kg compared with 11.72 g / kg by the traditional method; the total nitrogen increased by 0.05 g / kg; the nitrate nitrogen increased by 1.21 mg / kg; the ammonium nitrogen increased by 0.42 mg / kg; and the available phosphorus increased by 1.5 mg / kg. For the soil planted with Vicia villosa, the organic matter increased by 0.56 g / kg, the total nitrogen increased by 0.08 g / kg, the nitrate nitrogen increased by 1.01 mg / kg, the ammonium nitrogen increased by 1.05 mg / kg, and the available phosphorus increased by 1.53 mg / kg. For the winter green manure Vicia villosa, the organic matter of the soil increased by 0.47 g / kg, the total nitrogen increased by 0.18 g / kg, the nitrate nitrogen increased by 1.16 mg / kg, the ammonium nitrogen increased by 0.58 mg / kg, and the available phosphorus increased by 1.86 mg / kg. For the soil planted with Orychophragmus violaceus, the organic matter increased by 0.59 g / kg, the total nitrogen increased by 0.06 g / kg, the nitrate nitrogen increased by 0.69 mg / kg, the ammonium nitrogen increased by 0.33 mg / kg, and the available phosphorus increased by 1.91 mg / kg. For the green manure rape, the organic matter of the soil increased by 0.51 g / kg, the total nitrogen increased by 0.04 g / kg, the nitrate nitrogen increased by 0.71 mg / kg, the ammonium nitrogen increased by 0.28 mg / kg, and the available phosphorus increased by 2.07 mg / kg.

[0103] Table 9 Soil temperature and nutrient content at 0-20 cm under different treatments

[0104]

[0105] To sum up, the tabular data results of the specific embodiments of the present invention fully prove the significant advantages of the method for breeding drought-resistant green manure in rotation with high stubble of corn in terms of increasing the seed yield of green manure, increasing the soil water storage capacity, and improving the soil nutrients. It can effectively improve the soil nutrient content, soil structure and fertility in different regions and different planting methods, and effectively solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0106] Comparative Example 1

[0107] 1. Test area and experimental design

[0108] A field experiment was carried out in Huangyang Town, Wuwei City, Gansu Province (37°44'49″N, 102°53'32″E) from 2022 to 2024. It belongs to the cold temperate arid climate zone, a typical arid irrigation area, with an average altitude of 1506 m, a frost-free period of about 156 d, a sunshine duration of 2945 h, an average annual precipitation of 160 mm, and an annual evaporation of up to 2400 mm. It has rich light resources and insufficient heat resources. It is a typical inland irrigation agricultural area where one crop is more than enough and two crops are insufficient, and the corn planting mode is single. The soil type is irrigated desert soil.

[0109] Six maize stubble heights were set: no stubble, 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, and 50 cm. Other measures refer to Example 3.

[0110] 2. Result analysis

[0111] As can be seen from Table 10, with the increase in maize stubble height, the green manure seed yield showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. When the stubble height was 30 - 40 cm, the seed yields of both spring and winter green manures reached relatively high levels. For example, the yield of Vicia sativa was 193.9 kg / mu at a stubble height of 30 cm and 194.9 kg / mu at 40 cm; the yield of Vicia villosa was 93.3 kg / mu at a stubble height of 30 cm and 95.4 kg / mu at 40 cm. However, when the stubble height exceeded 40 cm, the seed yield decreased. This indicates that when the maize stubble height is 30 - 40 cm, it is most beneficial to the growth and development of green manure seeds and can effectively increase the green manure seed yield.

[0112] Table 10 Green manure seed yields under different maize stubble heights

[0113]

[0114] Comparative Example 2

[0115] 1. Test area and experimental design

[0116] A field experiment was conducted in Huangyang Town, Wuwei City, Gansu Province (37°44'49″N, 102°53'32″E) from 2022 to 2024. It belongs to a cold temperate arid climate zone, a typical arid irrigation area, with an average altitude of 1506 m, a frost-free period of about 156 days, 2945 hours of sunshine, an average annual precipitation of 160 mm, and an annual evaporation of up to 2400 mm. It is rich in light resources but lacks heat resources, and is a typical inland irrigation agricultural area where one crop is more than enough and two crops are insufficient, with a single maize planting pattern. The soil type is irrigated desert soil.

[0117] Two main food crops in the northwest, maize and wheat, were set with stubble treatments, and the stubble height was 40 cm for both. Other measures refer to Example 3.

[0118] 2. Result analysis

[0119] As can be seen from Table 11, the promoting effect of maize stubble on green manure seed yield is significantly better than that of wheat stubble. Among spring green manures, the yield of common vetch under maize stubble is 196.8 kg / mu, while that under wheat stubble is 171.3 kg / mu; the yield of hairy vetch under maize stubble is 96.1 kg / mu, and that under wheat stubble is 74.3 kg / mu. Among winter green manures, the yield of hairy vetch under maize stubble is 135.0 kg / mu, and that under wheat stubble is 92.4 kg / mu; the yield of orychophragmus violaceus under maize stubble is 180.3 kg / mu, and that under wheat stubble is 157.4 kg / mu; the yield of green manure rape under maize stubble is 178.1 kg / mu, and that under wheat stubble is 160.2 kg / mu. This shows that in this region, planting green manure in the way of leaving 40 cm of maize stubble can obtain higher seed yield, further proving the rationality and superiority of leaving 30 - 40 cm of maize stubble as the main recommended method.

[0120] Table 11 Effects of Different Crop Stubble on Green Manure Seed Yield

[0121]

[0122] Although the above embodiments have described the present invention in detail, they are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. People can also obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative efforts, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for green manure seed production based on the rotation of corn and green manure, comprising the following steps: Cover the entire ground with plastic film, plant corn in wide and narrow rows. When the corn is mature, harvest the corn, leaving a stubble of 30 - 40 cm, and no-till. During the idle period of the corn farmland, plant green manure between the wide rows of corn; keep the damage rate of the plastic film below 15% after corn harvest and before green manure sowing; the green manure includes leguminous green manure or cruciferous green manure. Harvest the green manure. Repeat the above steps for the next round of rotation.

2. The method for multiplying green manure seeds according to claim 1, wherein The wide and narrow rows include wide rows and narrow rows. The row spacing of the wide rows is 50 cm, and the row spacing of the narrow rows is 30 cm; the plant spacing of the corn is 18 - 20 cm.

3. The method for multiplying green manure seeds according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that Plant 2 rows of green manure in each wide row of corn.

4. The method for multiplying green manure seeds according to claim 1, wherein The row spacing of the green manure is 20 - 30 cm.

5. The method for multiplying green manure seeds according to claim 1, wherein The green manure is sown in holes, and the hole spacing is 10 - 12 cm.

6. The method for multiplying green manure seeds according to claim 1, wherein When the green manure is overwintering green manure and the corn is harvested before winter, sow immediately after corn harvest; when the green manure is spring-sown green manure, sow in spring.

7. The method for multiplying green manure seeds according to claim 1, wherein When the green manure is leguminous green manure and the pod maturity periods are inconsistent, select to harvest the whole plant of the green manure when 80% of the pods are mature, and dry the pods until they are dry to obtain green manure seeds.

8. The method for multiplying green manure seeds according to claim 1, wherein When the green manure is a long-vine plant, use the rolling cutting method to harvest the green manure.

9. Application of the green manure seed production method according to any one of claims 1 - 8 in improving the yield of green manure seeds.

10. Application of the green manure seed production method according to any one of claims 1 - 8 in the functions shown in any one of ① - ③: ① Improve the water storage and moisture conservation capacity of the soil; ② Improve the water use efficiency of green manure; ③ Increase soil nutrients; the nutrients include soil organic matter, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and available phosphorus.

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