Environment-friendly moisturizing nutrient soil for flowers and preparation method of environment-friendly moisturizing nutrient soil

Abstract

The invention discloses environment-friendly moisture-preserving nutrient soil for flowers and a preparation method of the environment-friendly moisture-preserving nutrient soil, and belongs to the technical field of gardening. The nutrient soil is prepared through the following steps that river bottom sludge is aired, rice straw and corn straw are dried and cut into sections, the sections are evenly mixed with river mud, wheat bran, wormcast and the like, vermiculite, bean dregs and other materials are added, stirring is conducted till no caking exists, and a fermentation substrate is prepared; and performing composting fermentation on the fermentation substrate until the fermentation substrate is black brown and has no ammonia odor, drying, adding a functional agent, and uniformly stirring to finally obtain the environment-friendly moisture-preserving nutrient soil for flowers. Compared with the prior art, the nutrient soil disclosed by the invention has good water-retaining property, air permeability and antibacterial property, can remarkably improve the disease and pest resistance of flowers, promote the growth of the flowers and prolong the flowering phase, is simple in preparation method and low in cost, and has good popularization and application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of horticultural technology, and particularly to an environmentally friendly moisture-retaining flower nutrient soil and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of the urbanization process and the improvement of residents' living quality, the demand for home gardening and flower planting is increasing day by day, and the demand for high-performance nutrient soil continues to expand. Traditional flower nutrient soil is mostly prepared from natural resources such as peat soil and leaf mold soil. However, over-exploitation has led to the ecological damage of peat wetlands and caused environmental problems such as the loss of soil carbon pools. At the same time, conventional nutrient soil generally has defects such as poor water retention performance, uneven nutrient release, and easy breeding of pests and diseases, and it is difficult to meet the dual requirements of environmental protection and functionality in modern horticulture.

[0003] In recent years, researchers have been committed to developing environmentally friendly nutrient soil that uses organic waste to replace peat. For example, Chinese Patent Publication No. CN108668837A discloses a fermented nutrient soil using river mud, straw, bean dregs, etc. as raw materials, and improves the organic matter content through multi-stage fermentation. However, its water retention performance depends on the later addition of liquid fertilizer, and there are problems such as easy nutrient loss and short water retention time. Chinese Patent Publication No. CN104109041A proposes to use illite mixed-layer clay and sludge for compounding, and combine superabsorbent resin to prepare compressed nutrient soil. Although the water retention performance is improved, a large amount of chemical additives (such as polyvinyl alcohol and synthetic resin) in the formula result in poor biodegradability, and soil compaction is likely to occur after long-term use. In addition, existing technologies rely mostly on surface treatment with chemical agents for antibacterial and pest control, which has the risk of breeding resistant strains and cannot synergistically enhance the water retention and slow-release functions.

[0004] On the other hand, the resource utilization of agricultural waste (such as straw and bean dregs) and river channel silt is still insufficient. The traditional composting process lacks targeted design for raw material pretreatment and functional modification, resulting in an unsatisfactory pore structure of the product and a low specific surface area, making it difficult to achieve intelligent slow release of water and nutrients. How to compound natural minerals such as diatomite with biological polysaccharides through green modification technology to construct an intelligent carrier with both water retention, antibacterial, and slow-release functions has become the key to breaking through the bottleneck of existing technologies.

[0005] In this context, developing a high-performance nutrient soil with organic waste as the main body and integrating environmental protection modification technology to achieve the synergistic optimization of moisture retention, antibacterial, and nutrient slow release is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of the horticultural industry. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide an environmentally friendly flower nutrient soil with functions of high-efficiency moisture retention, antibacterial and pest control, and intelligent slow release of nutrients, and a preparation method thereof.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned invention object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A preparation method of an environmentally friendly and moisture-retaining nutrient soil for flowers and plants, comprising the following steps: Step 1, salvage the river bottom sludge and naturally dry it; dry the rice straw and corn straw and cut them into sections; mix the river mud, wheat bran, and earthworm manure evenly, and then add vermiculite, rice straw, corn straw, soybean residue, coconut coir, soybean cake, and rapeseed cake, and stir well until there are no lumps to obtain a fermentation substrate; Step 2, pour the fermentation substrate into a fermentation tank, spray sludge fermentation bacteria for composting fermentation, and terminate the fermentation when the color of the material turns dark brown and there is no obvious ammonia odor to obtain a fermentation material; Step 3, dry the fermentation material and add a functional agent and stir evenly to obtain an environmentally friendly and moisture-retaining nutrient soil for flowers and plants.

[0008] Preferably, the preparation method of the environmentally friendly and moisture-retaining nutrient soil for flowers and plants is as follows, in parts by weight: Step 1, salvage the river bottom sludge and naturally dry it; dry the rice straw and corn straw and cut them into sections; mix 20-30 parts of river mud, 8-12 parts of wheat bran, and 10-15 parts of earthworm manure evenly, add 8-12 parts of vermiculite, 10-15 parts of rice straw, 5-10 parts of corn straw, 4-8 parts of soybean residue, 10-15 parts of coconut coir, 4-6 parts of soybean cake, and 4-6 parts of rapeseed cake, and stir well until there are no lumps to obtain a fermentation substrate; Step 2, pour the fermentation substrate into a fermentation tank, spray sludge fermentation bacteria, and conduct composting fermentation. Terminate the fermentation when the color of the material turns dark brown and there is no obvious ammonia odor to obtain a fermentation material; Step 3, dry the fermentation material and add 2-6 parts of a functional agent and stir evenly to obtain an environmentally friendly and moisture-retaining nutrient soil for flowers and plants.

[0009] The river bottom sludge is naturally dried to a water content of 40wt%-50wt%.

[0010] The rice straw and corn straw are dried to a water content of 0.5wt%-1wt% and cut into sections of 0.5-1.5 cm.

[0011] The spraying amount of the sludge fermentation bacteria is 80-200 g / ton.

[0012] During the composting fermentation, when the temperature reaches 55-60°C, turn the pile 1-3 times.

[0013] The fermentation material is dried at 40-50°C to a water content of 8-10wt%.

[0014] The preparation method of the functional agent is as follows: S1. After the diatomite is impregnated with a nitric acid solution and subjected to constant temperature treatment, it is filtered, washed, dried, and calcined to obtain a pretreatment product; S2. The pretreated product is added to an ethanol aqueous solution and refluxed with γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. After centrifugal separation, it is washed and dried to obtain a post-treated product. S3. The post-treated product, sodium alginate, a functional saccharide derivative, and an antibacterial agent are co-dispersed in water. After adjusting the pH value, they are stirred and reacted under nitrogen protection. After centrifugation, washing with water, and drying, a functional agent is obtained.

[0015] Preferably, the preparation method of the functional agent is as follows, by weight: S1. 80 - 120 parts of diatomite are impregnated in 800 - 1200 parts of a 4 - 8 wt% nitric acid solution, and kept at a constant temperature of 35 - 45 °C for 1 - 5 hours. After filtration, it is washed with water until neutral; after drying at 60 - 90 °C, it is placed in a muffle furnace and calcined at 400 - 500 °C for 1 - 3 hours to obtain a pretreated product. S2. Take 60 - 80 parts of the pretreated product prepared in step S1, add it to 800 - 1200 parts of a 70 - 85 wt% ethanol aqueous solution, add 4 - 8 parts of γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and reflux at 60 - 80 °C for 1 - 3 hours; after centrifugal separation, it is washed successively with ethanol and water, and vacuum-dried at 50 - 70 °C for 8 - 15 hours to obtain a post-treated product. S3. 60 - 80 parts of the post-treated product prepared in step S2, 5 - 10 parts of sodium alginate, 2 - 6 parts of a functional saccharide derivative, and 3 - 7 parts of an antibacterial agent are co-dispersed in 800 - 1200 parts of water, and the pH is adjusted to 10 - 13 with a 1 - 3 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution; under nitrogen protection, it is stirred at 70 - 90 °C for 4 - 6 hours, and after centrifugation, washing with water, and drying, a functional agent is obtained.

[0016] The functional saccharide derivative is at least one of sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin, pullulan, and Α-glucosyl hesperidin.

[0017] The antibacterial agent is at least one of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, tea tree oil, and benzalkonium chloride.

[0018] In the present invention, the roles of each substance in the preparation of the environmentally friendly moisture-retaining flower nutrient soil and its functional agent are as follows: River bottom sludge provides rich organic matter and minerals, improves the soil structure, and increases air permeability and water retention.

[0019] Rice straw and corn straw provide cellulose and lignin, increase soil air permeability and water retention, and provide a carbon source for fermentation.

[0020] Wheat bran is rich in carbohydrates and proteins, provides nutrients for microorganisms, promotes fermentation, and increases the organic matter content.

[0021] Earthworm manure is rich in microorganisms and organic matter, improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and promotes the growth of plant roots.

[0022] Vermiculite has good water retention and air permeability, improves the physical structure of the soil, and prevents soil compaction.

[0023] Soybean dregs are rich in protein and carbohydrates, provide nutrition for microorganisms, promote fermentation, and increase the organic matter content.

[0024] Coconut coir has good water retention and air permeability, improves the physical structure of the soil, and prevents soil compaction.

[0025] Soybean cake and rapeseed cake are rich in protein and oil, provide nutrition for microorganisms, promote fermentation, and increase the organic matter content.

[0026] The sludge fermentation bacteria contain a variety of beneficial microorganisms, accelerate the fermentation process, and decompose organic matter into nutrients that can be absorbed by plants.

[0027] Diatomite, as a carrier material, has a porous structure, adsorbs and slowly releases functional components, and improves water retention and air permeability.

[0028] Nitric acid solution is used for acid treatment of diatomite to remove impurities, increase the specific surface area, and enhance the adsorption performance.

[0029] γ-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, as a coupling agent, introduces epoxy groups, and improves the surface activity and reactivity of diatomite.

[0030] Sodium alginate has good film-forming property and water retention, forms a porous network structure, and enhances water retention and nutrient slow-release ability.

[0031] Functional sugar derivatives provide additional biological activities, such as antibacterial and antioxidant activities, and enhance water retention and nutrient slow-release ability.

[0032] The antibacterial agent provides antibacterial performance and activity, and prevents the invasion of pathogenic bacteria and pests on plants.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the following several beneficial effects are achieved: 1) By adding specific antibacterial agents and functional sugar derivatives, the present invention effectively inhibits pathogenic bacteria and pests, reduces the pest density, and improves the pest and disease resistance of flowers.

[0034] 2) Specific components in the functional agent of the present invention activate the plant resistance pathway, promote flower bud differentiation, significantly increase the number of flower buds and extend the flowering period.

[0035] 3) The present invention adds a variety of organic and inorganic components, improves soil aeration and water retention, provides a good growth environment for flowers, reduces water evaporation, and improves water use efficiency. Detailed implementation mode

[0036] Main sources of substances: Sludge fermentation bacteria, main components: Bacillus, filamentous bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, bioactive enzymes, carrier; main technical indicators: effective viable count (cfu) / (×10 8 / g) ≥ 100.0, mortality rate of Ascaris eggs ≥ 95%, fecal coliform count ≤ 100 / g, Henan Jiubang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0037] Diatomite, silicon dioxide content ≥ 85%, specific surface area: 60 (m 2 / g).

[0038] Α-Glucosyl hesperidin, CAS No.: 161713-86-6.

[0039] Tea tree oil is obtained by steam distillation extraction from tea tree branches and leaves.

[0040] Pullulan, CAS No.: 9057-02-7.

[0041] The rest of the raw materials in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention are all commercially available products. Example

[0042] A preparation method of an environmentally friendly moisturizing flower nutrient soil is as follows, by weight: Step 1: Salvage river bottom sludge and naturally dry it to a water content of 45wt%; dry rice straw and corn straw to a water content of 0.8wt% and cut them into 1 cm segments; mix 25 parts of river mud, 10 parts of wheat bran, and 12 parts of earthworm manure evenly, add 10 parts of vermiculite, 12 parts of rice straw, 8 parts of corn straw, 6 parts of bean dregs, 12 parts of coconut coir, 5 parts of soybean cake, and 5 parts of rapeseed cake, and stir well until there is no caking to obtain a fermentation substrate; Step 2: Pour the fermentation substrate into a fermentation tank, spray sludge fermentation bacteria, the spraying amount is 120 g / ton, carry out composting fermentation, turn the pile 3 times after the temperature reaches 55°C, and terminate the fermentation when the material color turns dark brown and there is no obvious ammonia odor to obtain a fermented material; Step 3: Dry the fermented material at 45°C to a water content of 9wt%, add 4 parts of a functional agent and stir evenly to obtain an environmentally friendly moisturizing flower nutrient soil.

[0043] The preparation method of the functional agent is as follows, by weight: S1: Immerse 100 parts of diatomite in 1000 parts of 6wt% nitric acid solution, carry out constant temperature treatment at 40°C for 3 hours, filter and wash with water until neutral; dry at 80°C and then place it in a muffle furnace, calcine at 450°C for 1 hour to obtain a pretreatment product; S2. Take 70 parts of the pretreatment product prepared in step S1, add it to 1000 parts of 80 wt% ethanol aqueous solution, add 6 parts of γ-glycidyl ether oxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and reflux at 70 °C for 2 hours; after centrifugal separation, wash successively with ethanol and water, and dry in vacuum at 60 °C for 12 hours to obtain a post-treatment product; S3. Disperse 70 parts of the post-treatment product prepared in step S2, 8 parts of sodium alginate, 4 parts of Α-glucosyl hesperidin, and 5 parts of benzalkonium chloride in 1000 parts of water, and adjust the pH to 12 with 2 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution; stir at 80 °C for 5 hours under nitrogen protection, and obtain the functional agent through centrifugation, washing with water, and drying. Example

[0044] The preparation method of an environmentally friendly moisture-retaining flower nutrient soil is basically the same as that of Example 1, and the only difference lies in the different preparation methods of the functional agent.

[0045] The preparation method of the functional agent is as follows, by weight: S1. Immerse 100 parts of diatomite in 1000 parts of 6 wt% nitric acid solution, perform constant temperature treatment at 40 °C for 3 hours, filter and wash with water until neutral; dry at 80 °C and then place in a muffle furnace, calcine at 450 °C for 1 hour to obtain a pretreatment product; S2. Take 70 parts of the pretreatment product prepared in step S1, add it to 1000 parts of 80 wt% ethanol aqueous solution, add 6 parts of γ-glycidyl ether oxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and reflux at 70 °C for 2 hours; after centrifugal separation, wash successively with ethanol and water, and dry in vacuum at 60 °C for 12 hours to obtain a post-treatment product; S3. Disperse 70 parts of the post-treatment product prepared in step S2, 8 parts of sodium alginate, 4 parts of Α-glucosyl hesperidin, and 5 parts of tea tree oil in 1000 parts of water, and adjust the pH to 12 with 2 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution; stir at 80 °C for 5 hours under nitrogen protection, and obtain the functional agent through centrifugation, washing with water, and drying. Example

[0046] The preparation method of an environmentally friendly moisture-retaining flower nutrient soil is basically the same as that of Example 1, and the only difference lies in the different preparation methods of the functional agent.

[0047] The preparation method of the functional agent is as follows, by weight: S1. Immerse 100 parts of diatomite in 1000 parts of 6 wt% nitric acid solution, perform constant temperature treatment at 40 °C for 3 hours, filter and wash with water until neutral; dry at 80 °C and then place in a muffle furnace, calcine at 450 °C for 1 hour to obtain a pretreatment product; S2. Take 70 parts of the pretreated product prepared in step S1, add it to 1000 parts of an 80 wt% ethanol aqueous solution, add 6 parts of γ-glycidyl ether oxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and reflux at 70 °C for 2 hours; after centrifugal separation, wash successively with ethanol and water, and vacuum dry at 60 °C for 12 hours to obtain a post-treated product; S3. Disperse 70 parts of the post-treated product prepared in step S2, 8 parts of sodium alginate, 4 parts of Α-glucosyl hesperidin, and 5 parts of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in 1000 parts of water, and adjust the pH to 12 with a 2 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution; stir at 80 °C for 5 hours under nitrogen protection, and obtain the functional agent through centrifugation, water washing, and drying. Example

[0048] The preparation method of an environmentally friendly moisture-retaining flower nutrient soil is basically the same as that of Example 1, and the only difference lies in the different preparation methods of the functional agent.

[0049] The preparation method of the functional agent is as follows, by weight: S1. Immerse 100 parts of diatomite in 1000 parts of a 6 wt% nitric acid solution, perform a constant temperature treatment at 40 °C for 3 hours, filter and wash with water until neutral; dry at 80 °C and then place in a muffle furnace, calcine at 450 °C for 1 hour to obtain a pretreated product; S2. Take 70 parts of the pretreated product prepared in step S1, add it to 1000 parts of an 80 wt% ethanol aqueous solution, add 6 parts of γ-glycidyl ether oxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and reflux at 70 °C for 2 hours; after centrifugal separation, wash successively with ethanol and water, and vacuum dry at 60 °C for 12 hours to obtain a post-treated product; S3. Disperse 70 parts of the post-treated product prepared in step S2, 8 parts of sodium alginate, 4 parts of pullulan, and 5 parts of benzalkonium chloride in 1000 parts of water, and adjust the pH to 12 with a 2 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution; stir at 80 °C for 5 hours under nitrogen protection, and obtain the functional agent through centrifugation, water washing, and drying. Example

[0050] The preparation method of an environmentally friendly moisture-retaining flower nutrient soil is basically the same as that of Example 1, and the only difference lies in the different preparation methods of the functional agent.

[0051] The preparation method of the functional agent is as follows, by weight: S1. Immerse 100 parts of diatomite in 1000 parts of a 6 wt% nitric acid solution, perform a constant temperature treatment at 40 °C for 3 hours, filter and wash with water until neutral; dry at 80 °C and then place in a muffle furnace, calcine at 450 °C for 1 hour to obtain a pretreated product; S2. Take 70 parts of the pretreatment product prepared in step S1, add it to 1000 parts of an 80 wt% ethanol aqueous solution, add 6 parts of γ-glycidyletheroxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and reflux at 70 °C for 2 hours; after centrifugal separation, wash successively with ethanol and water, and vacuum dry at 60 °C for 12 hours to obtain a post-treatment product; S3. Disperse 70 parts of the post-treatment product prepared in step S2, 8 parts of sodium alginate, 4 parts of sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin, and 5 parts of benzalkonium chloride in 1000 parts of water, and adjust the pH to 12 with a 2 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution; stir at 80 °C for 5 hours under nitrogen protection, and obtain the functional agent through centrifugation, washing with water, and drying.

[0052] Comparative Example 1 The preparation method of an environmentally friendly moisture-retaining flower nutrient soil is basically the same as that of Example 1, and the only difference lies in the different preparation methods of the functional agent.

[0053] The preparation method of the functional agent is as follows, by weight: S1. Immerse 100 parts of diatomite in 1000 parts of a 6 wt% nitric acid solution, keep it at a constant temperature of 40 °C for 3 hours, filter and wash with water until neutral; dry at 80 °C and then place it in a muffle furnace, calcine at 450 °C for 1 hour to obtain a pretreatment product; S2. Take 70 parts of the pretreatment product prepared in step S1, add it to 1000 parts of an 80 wt% ethanol aqueous solution, add 6 parts of γ-glycidyletheroxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and reflux at 70 °C for 2 hours; after centrifugal separation, wash successively with ethanol and water, and vacuum dry at 60 °C for 12 hours to obtain a post-treatment product; S3. Disperse 70 parts of the post-treatment product prepared in step S2, 8 parts of sodium alginate, 4 parts of Α-glucosyl hesperidin, and 5 parts of 4-guanidinobutyric acid in 1000 parts of water, and adjust the pH to 12 with a 2 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution; stir at 80 °C for 5 hours under nitrogen protection, and obtain the functional agent through centrifugation, washing with water, and drying.

[0054] Comparative Example 2 The preparation method of an environmentally friendly moisture-retaining flower nutrient soil is basically the same as that of Example 1, and the only difference lies in the different preparation methods of the functional agent.

[0055] The preparation method of the functional agent is as follows, by weight: S1. Immerse 100 parts of diatomite in 1000 parts of a 6 wt% nitric acid solution, keep it at a constant temperature of 40 °C for 3 hours, filter and wash with water until neutral; dry at 80 °C and then place it in a muffle furnace, calcine at 450 °C for 1 hour to obtain a pretreatment product; S2. Take 70 parts of the pretreated product prepared in step S1, add it to 1000 parts of 80 wt% ethanol aqueous solution, add 6 parts of γ-glycidyletheroxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and reflux at 70 °C for 2 hours; after centrifugal separation, wash with ethanol and water in sequence, and dry in vacuum at 60 °C for 12 hours to obtain a post-treated product; S3. Disperse 70 parts of the post-treated product prepared in step S2, 8 parts of sodium alginate, 4 parts of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, and 5 parts of benzalkonium chloride in 1000 parts of water, and adjust the pH to 12 with 2 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution; stir at 80 °C for 5 hours under nitrogen protection, and obtain a functional agent through centrifugation, washing with water, and drying.

[0056] Comparative Example 3 The preparation method of an environmentally friendly moisture-retaining flower nutrient soil is basically the same as that of Example 1, and the only difference is that the functional agent is replaced with an equal amount of diatomite.

[0057] Test Example 1 Anti-pest and disease performance test: Randomly divide the potted rose seedlings into 8 groups (Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3), with 50 pots in each group. Plant them with equal amounts of corresponding nutrient soils respectively, and cultivate them under the same temperature and humidity (25 ± 2 °C, humidity 60%) and light conditions. On the 20th day after planting, use the five-point sampling method to detect the number of pests (including eggs, larvae, and adults) in the soil of each pot, and count the pest density per unit area (100 cm²). The data is the average value of three parallel experiments.

[0058] The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0059] Table 1 Experimental Scheme Insect Population Density (heads / 100 cm²) Example 1 3.3 Example 2 5.7 Example 3 6.6 Example 4 8.3 Example 5 6.0 Comparative Example 1 7.7 Comparative Example 2 7.0 Comparative Example 3 9.3 Test Example 2 Randomly divide the potted rose seedlings into 8 groups (Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3), with 50 pots in each group. Plant them with equal amounts of corresponding nutrient soils respectively, and uniformly manage them under the same temperature and humidity (25 ± 2 °C, humidity 60%) and light conditions. After planting, record the number of flower buds per plant during the flower bud differentiation period and the duration of the full bloom period. The data is the average value of three parallel experiments, and the test results are shown in Table 2.

[0060] Table 2 Experimental Scheme Number of Flower Buds per Pair Flowering Period (days) Example 1 12.3 15.0 Example 2 10.7 13.3 Example 3 8.7 12.6 Example 4 7.7 10.6 Example 5 9.0 13.0 Comparative Example 1 8.0 11.3 Comparative Example 2 8.3 12.0 Comparative Example 3 5.6 8.6 From the data of Test Examples 1 and 2, it can be seen that the environmentally friendly moisture-retaining flower nutrient soil prepared in Example 1 is beneficial to improving the anti-pest and disease performance of rose seedlings, increasing the number of flower buds, and prolonging the flowering period.

[0061] The Α-glucosyl hesperidin used in Example 1 showed better pest and disease resistance and flower-promoting effects compared to other functional components (such as pullulan in Example 4, sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin in Example 5, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in Comparative Example 2). The possible reasons are as follows: Α-glucosyl hesperidin directly inhibits the metabolism of pathogenic bacteria through its flavone structure and forms a synergistic antibacterial complex with benzalkonium chloride, enhancing the ability to penetrate the cell membrane of pests. At the same time, its antioxidant activity scavenges rhizosphere reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduces the inhibition of flower bud differentiation, and enhances the systemic resistance of plants by activating the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. In addition, its glycosylated structure forms a porous network with sodium alginate and diatomaceous earth, optimizing water retention and nutrient slow release and prolonging the flowering period. Other components (such as cyclodextrin derivatives) only rely on physical inclusion or single slow release effects and lack a chemical-physiological dual regulation mechanism, resulting in insufficient comprehensive performance.

[0062] The benzalkonium chloride used in Example 1, as a cationic surfactant, tightly binds to the diatomaceous earth modified carrier (with a negatively charged surface) through electrostatic interaction to form a slow release system and prolong the antibacterial time limit. At the same time, its quaternary ammonium group can efficiently disrupt the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane of pathogenic bacteria, resulting in the leakage of intracellular contents. The terpene substances in tea tree oil have weak antibacterial effects and are volatile. The cetyltrimethylammonium bromide has a reduced binding stability with the carrier due to the steric hindrance of the long-chain alkyl group, and 4-guanidinobutyric acid is difficult to penetrate the egg or bacterial membrane due to the lack of surface activity. In addition, the benzalkonium chloride and the flavone structure of Α-glucosyl hesperidin form a complex through π-π stacking, activating the jasmonic acid signaling pathway in plants while antibacterial, promoting flower bud differentiation and prolonging the flowering period. Other antibacterial agents lack such physiological regulation functions, resulting in insufficient comprehensive performance.

Claims

1. A method for preparing environmentally friendly and moisturizing nutrient soil for flowers, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: salvage riverbed silt and air dry it; dry rice straw and corn stalks and cut them into sections; mix river mud, wheat bran, and earthworm castings evenly, then add vermiculite, rice straw, corn stalks, bean dregs, coconut husk, bean cake, and rapeseed cake, and stir thoroughly until there are no lumps to obtain a fermentation substrate; Step 2: Pour the fermentation substrate into the fermentation tank, spray the sludge fermentation bacteria to perform compost fermentation, and terminate the fermentation when the material turns dark brown and has no obvious ammonia odor to obtain the fermentation material; Step 3: After drying the fermented material, add the functional agent and stir evenly to obtain environmentally friendly and moisturizing nutrient soil for flowers; The preparation method of the functional agent is as follows: S1, diatomaceous earth is impregnated with nitric acid solution and subjected to constant temperature treatment, and then filtered, washed, dried and calcined to obtain a pretreated material; S2, adding ethanol aqueous solution to the pre-treated product, and reflux reacting with γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, centrifuging, washing, and drying to obtain a post-treated product; S3. The post-treated product is co-dispersed with sodium alginate, functional sugar derivatives and antimicrobial agents in water, and after adjusting the pH value, stirred and reacted under nitrogen protection. The functional agent is obtained by centrifugation, water washing and drying.

2. The method for preparing the environmentally friendly and moisturizing nutrient soil for flowers according to claim 1, wherein: The preparation method is as follows, in parts by weight: Step 1, salvaging riverbed silt and airing it naturally; drying rice straw and corn stalks and cutting them into sections; evenly mixing 20-30 parts of river mud, 8-12 parts of wheat bran, and 10-15 parts of earthworm castings, adding 8-12 parts of vermiculite, 10-15 parts of rice straw, 5-10 parts of corn stalks, 4-8 parts of bean dregs, 10-15 parts of coconut bran, 4-6 parts of soybean cake, and 4-6 parts of rapeseed cake, and stirring thoroughly until no lumps are formed to obtain a fermentation substrate; Step 2: Pour the fermentation substrate into the fermentation tank, spray the sludge fermentation bacteria, compost and ferment, and terminate the fermentation when the material turns dark brown and has no obvious ammonia odor to obtain the fermentation material; Step 3: Dry the fermented material, add 2-6 parts of functional agent and stir evenly to obtain environmentally friendly and moisturizing nutrient soil for flowers.

3. The preparation method of the environment-friendly moisturizing nutrient soil for flowers according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The riverbed sludge is naturally aired to a water content of 40 wt % to 50 wt %.

4. The preparation method of the environment-friendly moisturizing nutrient soil for flowers according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The rice straw and corn stalks are dried to a moisture content of 0.5 wt% to 1 wt%, and cut into 0.5 to 1.5 cm segments.

5. The preparation method of the environment-friendly and moisture-retaining nutrient soil for flowers according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The spraying amount of the sludge fermentation bacteria is 80-200g / ton; the compost fermentation temperature reaches 55-60°C and the compost is turned 1-3 times.

6. The preparation method of the environmentally friendly and moisture-retaining nutrient soil for flowers according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The fermentation material is dried at 40-50° C. to a water content of 8-10 wt %.

7. The preparation method of the environment-friendly moisturizing nutrient soil for flowers according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The preparation method of the functional agent is as follows, in parts by weight: S1, soaking 80-120 parts of diatomaceous earth in 800-1200 parts of 4-8wt% nitric acid solution, treating at a constant temperature of 35-45°C for 1-5 hours, filtering and washing with water until neutral; drying at 60-90°C, placing in a muffle furnace, and calcining at 400-500°C for 1-3 hours to obtain a pretreated product; S2. Take 60-80 parts of the pretreated material prepared in step S1, add them to 800-1200 parts of 70-85 wt% ethanol aqueous solution, add 4-8 parts of γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and reflux at 60-80° C. for 1-3 hours; After centrifugation, the mixture is washed with ethanol and water in sequence, and dried under vacuum at 50-70°C for 8-15 hours to obtain a post-processed product; S3. Disperse 60-80 parts of the post-treated product prepared in step S2, 5-10 parts of sodium alginate, 2-6 parts of a functional sugar derivative, and 3-7 parts of an antibacterial agent in 800-1200 parts of water, and adjust the pH to 10-13 with a 1-3 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution; stir at 70-90° C. for 4-6 hours under nitrogen protection, and obtain a functional agent by centrifugation, washing with water, and drying.

8. The method for preparing the environmentally friendly and moisturizing nutrient soil for flowers according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that: The functional carbohydrate derivative is at least one of sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin, pullulan, and A-glucosyl hesperidin.

9. The method for preparing the environmentally friendly and moisturizing nutrient soil for flowers according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that: The antibacterial agent is at least one of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, tea tree oil, and benzalkonium chloride.

10. An environmentally friendly and moisture-retaining nutrient soil for flowers, characterized in that, The method is described in any one of claims 1 to 9.