High-density aquaculture equipment and aquaculture method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly discloses high-density aquaculture equipment and an aquaculture method. The system further comprises a filtering device, a water circulating device, a biochemical reaction device and an oxygenation device; the filtering device comprises a circulating box, a filtering assembly used for removing particulate matter in the pond water is arranged in the circulating box, and the biochemical reaction device comprises a biochemical box communicated with the culture pond and a biological decomposition unit arranged in the biochemical box and used for decomposing organic matter in the pond water; the water circulation device is matched and connected with the culture pond, the filtering device and the biochemical reaction device and used for driving water flow to circulate among the culture pond, the filtering device and the biochemical reaction device, and the oxygenation device is matched and connected with the culture pond and used for supplying oxygen to pond water of the culture pond. According to the scheme, all the devices form a closed-loop system of physical interception, biodegradation and dynamic oxygenation through linkage of pond water circulation, filtering of the filtering assembly and biological decomposition, and the aquaculture density is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, and in particular discloses a high-density aquaculture device and an aquaculture method. Background Art

[0002] Traditional high-density aquaculture systems generally suffer from problems such as insufficient water self-purification ability and low efficiency of organic matter decomposition. Especially in the particulate filtration and biological treatment links, existing technologies mostly rely on single physical filtration or simple microbial treatment, and it is difficult to simultaneously achieve efficient degradation of macromolecular organic matter and ammonia nitrogen conversion. For example, conventional filter media are easily clogged and cannot intercept pollutants of different particle sizes in a hierarchical manner, resulting in a rapid decline in filtration efficiency and frequent maintenance; at the same time, the microbial flora configuration is single, lacking the ability to enzymatically hydrolyze complex organic matter in stages, causing the accumulation of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water body, threatening the survival of cultured organisms. In addition, existing aeration equipment mostly relies on high-power blower aeration, with high energy consumption and insufficient accuracy in regulating dissolved oxygen, unable to meet the refined requirements of high-density aquaculture.

[0003] After retrieval, a Chinese invention patent with the publication number CN112010500B and the theme name of an efficient purification device and usage method for an internal circulation aquaculture, which includes a biological purification tank and a physical purification tank. One end of the physical purification tank is connected to a submersible pump in the aquaculture pond through a water inlet pipe, and the physical purification tank is connected to the biological purification tank through a first diversion pipe; the biological purification tank is an overall cuboid pool with an opening at the upper top surface, and several biochemical compartments are arranged inside the biological purification tank. Each biochemical compartment is composed of a first partition board and a second partition board that are parallel to each other, and both sides of the first partition board are fixed on the inner wall of the biological purification tank.

[0004] The above-mentioned invention patent uses a filter cotton belt to intercept particulate matter, and its fiber pores are easily blocked quickly by high-concentration suspended matter, resulting in periodic attenuation of filtration efficiency. It is necessary to rely on mechanical brushing and sewage pumping equipment for continuous blockage cleaning, which not only increases energy consumption, but also destroys the water flow continuity due to frequent shutdowns for sewage cleaning; at the same time, the biological treatment unit relies on a single filler for static film formation, lacking multi-strain staged enzymatic hydrolysis and immobilized catalytic carriers, resulting in incomplete degradation of macromolecular organic matter and insufficient ammonia nitrogen conversion rate, unable to meet the dynamic balance requirements of water quality parameters in high-density aquaculture. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-density aquaculture device and an aquaculture method.

[0006] To achieve the above object, a high-density aquaculture device of the present invention includes a culture pond; it further includes a filtration device, a water circulation device, a biochemical reaction device, and an oxygenation device; the filtration device includes a circulation tank, and a filtration component for removing particulate matter in the pond water is provided in the circulation tank. The biochemical reaction device includes a biochemical tank communicated with the culture pond and a biological decomposition unit provided in the biochemical tank for decomposing organic matter in the pond water. The water circulation device is cooperatively connected with the culture pond, the filtration device, and the biochemical reaction device to drive the water flow to circulate among the culture pond, the filtration device, and the biochemical reaction device. The oxygenation device is cooperatively connected with the culture pond to supply oxygen to the pond water in the culture pond.

[0007] Further, the filtration component includes a first water inlet pipeline, a first drainage pipeline provided in the circulation tank, and a plurality of filter cartridges provided between the first water inlet pipeline and the first drainage pipeline. A plurality of polyethylene suspension beads and / or polypropylene suspension beads are filled in the filter cartridges.

[0008] Further, there are 3 filter cartridges, and a plurality of polypropylene suspension beads with a diameter of 2 - 12 mm are filled in all 3 filter cartridges. The filter cartridge has a detachable end cover, and the specific filling quantity can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0009] Further, the biological decomposition unit includes biological filter media provided in the biochemical tank, and nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, and a composite microbial flora provided on the surface of the biological filter media. The composite microbial flora includes one or more of Bacillus, Lactobacillus, and Rhodopseudomonas to decompose organic matter in the pond water; the nitrifying bacteria are used to oxidize ammonia nitrogen generated by the decomposition of organic matter into nitrite and nitrate, and reduce nitrate to nitrogen through denitrification in the low-oxygen area.

[0010] Further, the Bacillus is used to secrete extracellular protease and lipase to hydrolyze macromolecular organic matter into small-molecule peptides, amino acids, and fatty acids; the Lactobacillus uses small-molecule carbohydrates to generate lactic acid, reducing the pH of the water body to 5.5 - 6.5 to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria; the Rhodopseudomonas absorbs fatty acids and lactic acid under light conditions, converts them into microbial protein, and releases CO2.

[0011] Further, the biological filter media is an enzyme immobilization carrier, and the enzyme immobilization carrier is one or a combination of porous graphene-calcium alginate composite microspheres, biological ceramic carriers, porous composite carriers, or core-shell structure carriers; a hydrolase is immobilized on the surface of the enzyme immobilization carrier through covalent bonds or coordination bonds.

[0012] Furthermore, a pull-out carrier basket is added to the side of the biochemical tank. The carrier basket is connected to the tank body through a slide rail and is internally loaded with porous graphene-calcium alginate composite microspheres. When the enzyme activity decreases, the entire carrier basket is transferred to an external regeneration chamber, which is equipped with an ultrasonic cleaning tank and an enzyme solution circulation perfusion system to achieve off-line cleaning of the carrier and regeneration of enzyme immobilization, extending the service life of the carrier by 3 times.

[0013] Furthermore, the water circulation device is an air-lift type circulation device. The air-lift type circulation device includes a gas source, a gas delivery pipeline connected to the gas source, a second drainage pipeline connected to the gas delivery pipeline, and a water inlet pipeline for connecting the biochemical tank and the aquaculture pond, and the circulation tank and the aquaculture pond. The free end of the gas delivery pipeline extends into the circulation tank or the biochemical tank, and the free end of the second drainage pipeline is connected to the aquaculture pond.

[0014] Furthermore, the first water inlet pipeline is connected to the second water inlet pipeline through a blade valve, and the first drainage pipeline is connected to the second drainage pipeline.

[0015] The gas delivery pipeline includes a throat and a tapered section connected in sequence. The inner diameter of the tapered section gradually decreases along the gas flow direction and transitions to the throat. The inner diameter of the throat is smaller than that of the tapered section. The gas delivery direction of the gas delivery pipeline intersects with the water flow direction of the second drainage pipeline. When the gas source delivers gas to the gas delivery pipeline, the gas flows through the throat to form a high-speed air flow, generating a negative pressure in the throat area. The negative pressure is used to drive the water flow to circulate between the aquaculture pond, the filtration device, and the biochemical reaction device.

[0016] Furthermore, the second drainage pipeline of the air-lift device can be integrally designed with a plate heat exchanger to enhance the heat exchange efficiency by using the high-speed water flow generated by the air-lift. The specific structure is as follows: a spiral copper heat exchange pipe is coated on the outer wall of the tapered section of the drainage pipeline, and the other end of the heat exchange pipe is connected to the purified water supply pipeline to drive heat exchange through the kinetic energy of the water flow, improving the preheating efficiency of the new water.

[0017] Furthermore, a conical diffuser nozzle is installed at the outlet of the second drainage pipeline. The inner wall of the nozzle is provided with 12 guide fins inclined at 30 degrees, so that the gas-liquid mixed flow is sprayed into the aquaculture pond in a vortex shape. This structure further extends the residence time of oxygen and further improves the dissolution efficiency to, and at the same time drives the formation of a circulating flow of the pond water, promoting the aggregation of pollutants towards the filtration device.

[0018] Furthermore, multiple biochemical reaction devices are provided, one filtration device is provided, and multiple water circulation devices are provided, and the number of water circulation devices is consistent with the total number of biochemical reaction devices and filtration devices.

[0019] Further, multiple filter cartridges of the filtering device are respectively communicated with a gas delivery pipeline of the water circulation device through connecting pipelines, and negative pressure generated in the throat area of the gas delivery pipeline causes the water flow in the circulation tank to flow out to the aquaculture pond through the filter cartridges, connecting pipelines, and drainage pipelines in sequence and at an accelerated speed.

[0020] Further, the oxygenation device includes a blower assembly and / or an oxygen cone assembly. The blower assembly oxygenates the water by inflating an aeration disc or an aeration pipe through a blower, and the oxygen cone assembly oxygenates the water by dissolving oxygen into the pond water of the aquaculture pond.

[0021] Further, the oxygen cone assembly includes a circulation pump, a second filter screen connected to the water inlet end of the circulation pump, a water-oxygen mixing pipe communicated with the aquaculture pond, and an oxygen supply member connected between the water-oxygen mixing pipe and the circulation pump for storing and delivering oxygen into the water-oxygen mixing pipe. The circulation pump extracts the water to be treated in the aquaculture pond to the water-oxygen mixing pipe through the second filter screen, mixes it with the oxygen in the oxygen supply member, and then returns it to the aquaculture pond.

[0022] Further, the oxygen cone assembly further includes a gas-liquid mixing unit. The oxygen supply member is connected to the gas-liquid mixing unit through an oxygen delivery pipeline. The gas-liquid mixing unit is integrated in the water-oxygen mixing pipe and is used for mixing the oxygen delivered by the oxygen supply member with the water flow under high pressure. The gas-liquid mixing unit is a Venturi tube, which is provided with a radial oxygen injection hole in the middle. The oxygen delivery pipeline is connected to the oxygen injection hole through a solenoid valve, and the solenoid valve is triggered to open when the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the Venturi tube is ≥ 0.2 MPa.

[0023] Further, the aquaculture equipment further includes a purified water supply device, a water quality monitoring device, and an automatic control device. The purified water supply device includes a purified water supply unit, a purified water supply pipeline connected between the purified water supply unit and the aquaculture pond, and a third drainage pipeline connected to the drainage end of the circulation tank;

[0024] The water quality monitoring device is electrically coordinated with the automatic control device to monitor parameters such as water temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrite in the aquaculture pond in real time, and feedback the monitored parameters to the automatic control device. The automatic control device is electrically coordinated with the oxygenation device and the purified water supply device and adjusts the oxygenation amount of the oxygenation device and the purified water supply amount of the purified water supply device according to the data feedback by the water quality monitoring device.

[0025] An aquaculture method includes the following steps:

[0026] S1. Use the purified water supply device to supply purified water to the aquaculture pond, and put aquatic animals into the aquaculture pond for cultivation;

[0027] S2. Start the water circulation device to drive the water in the aquaculture pond through the filtration device and the biochemical reaction device for filtration and biological treatment, so that the water flow intercepts particulate matter through the filtration device, decomposes organic matter through enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial action in the biochemical reaction device, and returns the filtered and biologically treated pond water to the aquaculture pond;

[0028] S3. Use the oxygenation device to increase the dissolved oxygen in the aquaculture pond, the biochemical reaction device and the filtration device, so that the oxygen content of the aquaculture pond water is at a preset threshold;

[0029] S4. Use the water quality detection device to regularly monitor the water quality, and use the automatic control device to adjust the power of the water purification supply device and the oxygenation device according to the monitoring results to maintain the water level, salinity and oxygen content of the aquaculture pond water.

[0030] Further, the aquaculture method further includes arranging a backwashing unit cooperatively connected to the water circulation device. The backwashing unit includes a first flushing pipeline and a second flushing pipeline. One end of the first flushing pipeline is communicated with the bottom of the circulation tank, and the other end extends out of the top of the circulation tank and is higher than the water flow inlet; One end of the second flushing pipeline is communicated with the bottom of the biochemical tank, and the other end extends out of the top of the biochemical tank and is higher than the biological filter material of the biochemical reaction device;

[0031] When the pressure difference ΔP of the filtration component > 5 kPa, open the first flushing pipeline to completely drain the water in the circulation tank to the external sedimentation tank through the siphon effect;

[0032] When the dissolved oxygen concentration in the biochemical tank < 2 mg / L and the organic carbon > 35 mg / L, open the second flushing pipeline to completely drain the water in the biochemical tank to the external fermentation tank for secondary treatment; After the backwashing operation, start the water purification supply device in step S1 to supplement new water to the circulation tank and the biochemical tank.

[0033] This solution reconstructs the water circulation system through a multi-stage collaborative treatment mechanism: First, a gradient filtration layer is constructed by using a detachable filter cartridge filled with polypropylene suspension beads. Different particle sizes of particulate matter are dynamically intercepted by the suspension beads, and the negative pressure generated by the air-lift circulation accelerates the water flow through the filter material to achieve low-resistance and high-efficiency filtration; Secondly, a composite microbial flora and an enzyme immobilization carrier are introduced into the biochemical reaction device. Macromolecular organic matter is decomposed in stages by using Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus, etc., and the hydrolysis enzyme is fixed by a porous graphene composite carrier to enhance the catalytic efficiency, and the ammonia nitrogen conversion and denitrification are completed in combination with nitrifying / denitrifying bacteria; At the same time, an oxygen cone assembly integrates a Venturi tube gas-liquid mixing unit, triggers high-pressure oxygen dissolution through the pressure difference, and cooperates with the water quality monitoring feedback regulation to achieve precise control of dissolved oxygen. Each device is linked by air-lift circulation to form a closed-loop system of physical interception, biodegradation and dynamic oxygenation.

[0034] The beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0035] The three - stage polypropylene suspension bead filter cartridge reduces the clogging of filter media by intercepting through particle size gradient. Combining the synergistic effect of the composite microbial community and immobilized enzymes in the bioreactor, it improves the decomposition rate of macromolecular organic matter and shortens the ammonia nitrogen oxidation cycle;

[0036] The air - lift type recycles water flow driven by gas negative pressure, which is more energy - efficient than the traditional pump cycle. And the back - washing unit automatically triggers the cleaning of filter media through siphon pressure difference, reducing manual intervention; The oxygen cone assembly further improves the oxygen utilization rate under high - pressure mixing;

[0037] The water quality monitoring device is linked with the automatic control module to adjust the oxygen increment and water purification supply in real - time, ensuring that the fluctuation of dissolved oxygen concentration ≤ 0.5mg / L and the pH is stable at 6.0 ± 0.3, significantly reducing the stress response of cultured organisms, and is applicable to the high - density intensive culture of sensitive varieties such as penaeid shrimp and grouper. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0038] Figure 1 It is a three - dimensional structure schematic diagram of the high - density aquaculture equipment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 It is a partial structure schematic diagram of the high - density aquaculture equipment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 It is a three - dimensional structure schematic diagram of the filter device and the water circulation device of the present invention; 。

[0041] Figure 4 It is a partial structure schematic diagram of the filter component and the water circulation device of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 It is an internal structure schematic diagram of the gas delivery pipeline of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 6 It is a structure schematic diagram of the oxygen cone assembly installed in the culture pond of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7 It is Figure 6 The enlarged structure schematic diagram of part A in

[0045] Figure 8 It is a disassembled structure schematic diagram of the blower assembly;

[0046] Figure 9 Figure 8 The enlarged structure schematic diagram of part B in

[0047] Figure 10 It is a flow chart of a high - density aquaculture method of the present invention.

[0048] The reference numerals include:

[0049] 1. Aquaculture pond; 2. Filtration device; 3. Water circulation device; 4. Biochemical reaction device; 5. Aeration device; 21. Circulation tank; 22. Filtration assembly; 221. First water inlet pipeline; 222. Filter cylinder; 223. First drainage pipeline; 31. Gas delivery pipeline; 310. First gas pipeline; 32. Second drainage pipeline; 33. Second water inlet pipeline; 34. First filter screen; 41. Biochemical tank; 51. Blower assembly; 510. First blower; 511. Second gas pipeline; 512. Aeration disc; 52. Oxygen cone assembly; 521. Circulation pump; 522. Second filter screen; 523. Water-oxygen mixing pipe; 524. Oxygen supply component; 60. Clean water supply device; 61. Clean water supply pipeline; 62. Third drainage pipeline. Detailed implementation manners

[0050] To further elaborate on the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the following, in combination with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, details the specific implementation manners, structures, features and their effects of the present invention as follows.

[0051] Please refer to Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the present invention provides a high-density aquaculture equipment and an aquaculture method, aiming to realize the continuous purification, recycling and precise regulation of the aquaculture water body through an integrated multi-stage water treatment system, so as to support high-density aquaculture and improve the aquaculture efficiency and the quality of aquatic products.

[0052] A high-density aquaculture equipment of the present invention includes a core aquaculture pond 1 (designed as circular in this embodiment, with a diameter of 12000 mm and a height of 1500 mm for the aquaculture pond 1). In order to maintain the water quality of the aquaculture pond 1, the equipment also integrates a series of key water treatment units, including a filtration device 2, a water circulation device 3, a biochemical reaction device 4 and an aeration device 5. In addition, in order to achieve automatic management and water quality stability, the equipment is also equipped with a clean water supply device 60, a water quality monitoring device and an automatic control device.

[0053] The filtration device 2, the biochemical reaction device 4, the water circulation device 3 and the aeration device 5 are all connected to the aquaculture pond 1 through corresponding pipeline systems to form a closed water circulation and treatment loop. Specifically, there are 4 water circulation devices 3, 3 biochemical reaction devices 4, and 1 filtration device 2. Among them, 3 water circulation devices 3 are connected between the biochemical reaction device 4 and the aquaculture pond 1 to drive the water body in the aquaculture pond 1 to be treated by the biochemical reaction device 4, and the treated water then returns to the aquaculture pond 1; the other 1 water circulation device 3 is connected between the filtration device 2 and the aquaculture pond 1 to drive the water body in the aquaculture pond 1 to return to the aquaculture pond 1 after being treated by the filtration device 2.

[0054] The oxygenation device 5 includes a blower and an aeration disk 512. There are multiple groups of oxygenation devices 5, and the number of aeration disks 512 in each group of oxygenation devices 5 is multiple. In this embodiment, the water circulation device 3, the filtration device 2, and the aquaculture pond 1 are all provided with oxygenation devices 5. The circulation tank 21 and the biochemical tank 41 are both cylindrical structures with the same diameter and capacity (diameter 2700mm, height 1500mm). The aeration disks 512 of each group of oxygenation devices 5 are respectively arranged in an annular array around the inner circumference of the aquaculture pond 1, the circulation tank 21, and the biochemical tank 41 for continuously supplying oxygen to the aquaculture pond 1, the circulation tank 21, and the biochemical tank 41. The purified water supply device 60 is used to supplement the water in the aquaculture pond 1 or perform water replacement. The water quality monitoring device collects water quality data in real time and sends the data to the automatic control device. The automatic control device adjusts the working states of the oxygenation device 5 and the purified water supply device 60 according to the preset parameters and the monitored data.

[0055] Specifically, the filtration device 2 is the first line of defense of the water treatment system, mainly used to remove suspended solids and particulate matter in the water of the aquaculture pond 1. The filtration device 2 includes a circulation tank 21, and the circulation tank 21 is connected to the aquaculture pond 1 and the water circulation device 3 through pipelines. Inside the circulation tank 21, a filtration component 22 for removing particulate matter is provided.

[0056] Specifically, the filtration component 22 includes a first water inlet pipeline 221, a first drainage pipeline 223 arranged in the circulation tank 21, and multiple filter cartridges 222 arranged between the first water inlet pipeline 221 and the first drainage pipeline 223. The water circulation device 3 introduces the aquaculture water to be treated into the circulation tank 21 through the first water inlet pipeline 221. After the water flows through the filter cartridges 222, it is discharged through the first drainage pipeline 223. Multiple polyethylene suspension beads and polypropylene suspension beads are filled inside the multiple filter cartridges 222. These suspension beads have a large specific surface area and good elasticity, and can dynamically suspend and roll under the action of water flow, effectively intercepting particulate matter with different particle sizes.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment, there are 3 filter cartridges 222, and these 3 filter cartridges 222 are arranged in series in the circulation tank 21 (the axes of the 3 filter cartridges 222 are perpendicular to the axis of the first water inlet pipeline 221 and are respectively connected to the first drainage pipeline 223 through PVC connecting pipes. One end of the PVC connecting pipe extends above the water surface for air to enter and cooperate with the Venturi effect). Multiple polypropylene suspension beads with a diameter of 2 - 12mm are filled in each filter cartridge 222. The polypropylene suspension beads have good corrosion resistance and mechanical strength and are suitable for use in the aquaculture environment. For the convenience of maintenance and adjustment of the filling amount according to actual needs, each filter cartridge 222 is provided with a detachable end cover. By opening the end cover, the suspension beads can be conveniently taken out or added, or the inside of the filter cartridge 222 can be cleaned.

[0058] A multi-stage or parallel filtration structure is constructed using multiple filter cartridges 222 filled with floating beads. Combining with the dynamic characteristics of the floating beads, it can efficiently intercept particulate matters of different particle sizes and reduce the filtration resistance. The detachable end cap design of the filter cartridge 222 greatly improves the maintenance convenience of the equipment.

[0059] Specifically, during actual production, one or more baffles or sieves with adjustable heights are arranged inside the filter cartridge 222, and combined with the pulsed air supply of the air-lift pipeline, the floating beads are periodically turned up and down or fluidized inside the filter cartridge 222. This structure (for example, adding a pulsed air nozzle at the bottom of the filter cartridge 222, parallel or integrated with the main air-lift pipeline) can prevent the floating beads from caking, enhance the interception effect on particulate matters, and assist the backwashing process, improving the filtration efficiency and the thoroughness of backwashing.

[0060] The biochemical reaction device 4 is one of the core parts of the water treatment system, mainly decomposing organic matters and harmful nitrogen compounds in the aquaculture water through biological actions. The biochemical reaction device 4 includes a biochemical tank 41 communicated with the aquaculture pond 1. The biochemical tank 41 receives the filtered water through a pipeline, and the treated water returns to the aquaculture pond 1 through a pipeline. Inside the biochemical tank 41, a biological decomposition unit for decomposing organic matters in the pond water is arranged.

[0061] Specifically, the biological decomposition unit includes biological filter media arranged in the biochemical tank 41 and nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and composite microbial flora attached or fixed on the surface of the biological filter media. The biological filter media provides a carrier for the growth and attachment of microorganisms. The biological filter media is an enzyme immobilization carrier. The enzyme immobilization carrier can be one or a combination of porous graphene-calcium alginate composite microspheres, biological ceramic carriers, porous composite carriers or core-shell structure carriers.

[0062] The composite microbial flora includes one or more of Bacillus, Lactobacillus and Rhodopseudomonas. These microorganisms act synergistically to decompose organic matters in water in stages. For example, Bacillus can secrete extracellular protease and lipase to hydrolyze macromolecular organic matters in water into small molecular peptides, amino acids and fatty acids. Lactobacillus uses small molecular carbohydrates to generate lactic acid, which can reduce the pH of the water body to 5.5 - 6.5, creating a slightly acidic environment that is not conducive to the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Rhodopseudomonas can absorb fatty acids and lactic acid under light conditions (if the biochemical tank 41 is designed to be light-transmissive or equipped with a light source), convert them into microbial proteins and release CO2, further purifying the water body.

[0063] Nitrifying bacteria are responsible for oxidizing ammonia nitrogen (toxic to aquatic animals) produced by the decomposition of organic matter into nitrite and nitrate with lower toxicity. Denitrifying bacteria then reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in the oxygen-deficient or anoxic areas (which can be achieved by controlling the water flow rate or local structure) within the biochemical tank 41, and the nitrogen gas escapes from the water surface in the form of bubbles, thus achieving nitrogen removal from the water body.

[0064] In a preferred embodiment, porous graphene-calcium alginate composite microspheres are selected as the biological filter medium. This carrier has a porous structure and a large specific surface area, which is conducive to the attachment of microorganisms and the passage of water flow. More importantly, hydrolytic enzymes are immobilized on the surface of the porous graphene-calcium alginate composite microspheres through covalent bonds or coordination bonds. These immobilized hydrolytic enzymes can directly catalyze the decomposition of organic matter in water, improving the reaction efficiency and stability, and reducing the dependence on microorganisms, especially when the water quality fluctuates or the microbial activity is insufficient.

[0065] In order to treat a larger-scale aquaculture water body, three biochemical reaction devices 4 are provided, and these biochemical tanks 41 are arranged in parallel around the aquaculture pond 1.

[0066] A composite microbial flora and an enzyme immobilization carrier are introduced to construct an efficient and synergistic biological decomposition system, which can decompose organic matter stage by stage and thoroughly and complete the nitrogen cycle. In particular, the use of immobilized enzymes improves the efficiency of organic matter decomposition and the stability of the system. The selection of various types of biological filter media and enzyme immobilization carriers provides flexibility in the technical solution.

[0067] Specifically, the inside of the biochemical tank 41 is divided into at least two areas by a physical partition: an oxygen-rich area and an oxygen-deficient / anoxic area. In the oxygen-rich area (close to the air-lift pipeline or a separate oxygenation point), nitrifying bacteria and aerobic composite microorganisms are mainly cultivated; in the oxygen-deficient / anoxic area (where the water flow rate is low or there is no direct oxygenation), denitrifying bacteria are mainly cultivated. By controlling the residence time of water flow in different areas and the dissolved oxygen level, the efficiency of nitrification and denitrification processes is optimized. This structure (for example, setting a maze-like or multi-compartment structure inside the biochemical tank 41 and controlling the water flow path and local oxygenation) can improve the nitrogen removal rate.

[0068] Specifically, a convenient loading and unloading structure for the enzyme immobilization carrier (similar to the detachable end cap of the filter cartridge 222) is designed, and an external enzyme carrier regeneration device is provided. When the activity of the enzyme carrier decreases, it can be conveniently taken out and the enzyme can be supplemented and immobilized or the carrier can be cleaned and regenerated in the external device. This structure (for example, providing a quickly openable maintenance port on the side wall or top of the biochemical tank 41 and arranging a carrier basket inside that can be taken out as a whole or in batches) can extend the service life of the enzyme carrier and reduce the operating cost.

[0069] The water circulation device 3 is the power source that drives the operation of the entire water treatment system. The present invention adopts an air-lift type circulation device. This device utilizes the buoyancy generated when gas rises in water and the carrying effect on the surrounding water to push the water flow, and has the advantages of simple structure, relatively low energy consumption, and small disturbance to aquatic animals.

[0070] The air-lift type circulation device includes a gas source (such as a blower or an air pump), a gas delivery pipeline 31 communicated with the gas source, a second drainage pipeline 32 cooperating with the gas delivery pipeline 31, and a second water inlet pipeline 33 for communicating the biochemical tank 41 and the breeding pond 1, and the circulation tank 21 and the breeding pond 1. The free end of the gas delivery pipeline 31 extends to a certain depth underwater in the circulation tank 21 or the biochemical tank 41. The free end of the second drainage pipeline 32 is communicated with the breeding pond 1 for sending the treated water back. The second water inlet pipeline 33 extracts the water to be treated from the breeding pond 1 and sends it to the circulation tank 21 and the biochemical tank 41. In this embodiment, one end of the second water inlet pipe placed in the breeding pond 1 is connected with a first filter screen 34 for preliminarily filtering large particle impurities. In addition, the top of the first filter screen 34 is higher than the water surface to prevent aquatic products from entering the first filter screen 34.

[0071] The gas delivery pipeline 31 has a specific structural design to optimize the air-lift effect. It includes a throat and a tapered section (i.e., a conical cylinder, and the larger diameter part of the conical cylinder is arranged away from the water surface) connected in sequence. The inner diameter of the tapered section gradually decreases along the gas flow direction and smoothly transitions to the throat. The inner diameter of the throat is smaller than the minimum inner diameter of the tapered section. This structure is similar to a Venturi tube. When the gas source delivers gas to the gas delivery pipeline 31, the gas flows through the tapered section and forms a high-speed air flow in the throat. According to Bernoulli's principle, the high-speed air flow generates a negative pressure in the throat area. This negative pressure can drive the water flow to be sucked in from the water inlet pipeline, flow through the filtering device 2 and the biochemical reaction device 4, and accelerate out through the drainage pipeline to the breeding pond 1, thereby realizing the circulation of the water flow among the breeding pond 1, the filtering device 2, and the biochemical reaction device 4.

[0072] In a preferred embodiment, the gas delivery direction of the gas delivery pipeline 31 intersects with the water flow direction of the drainage pipeline. This intersection design can further optimize the gas-liquid mixing and water flow pushing effects. That is, an aeration disk 512 is arranged at the bottom of the conical cylinder, and the blower is used to provide a gas source to the aeration disk 512 so that the gas drives the water body at the bottom of the conical cylinder to flow upward and flow out through the drainage pipeline to the breeding pond 1. During this process, a negative pressure is generated in the throat area of the conical cylinder to suck the water body in the tank into the drainage pipeline through the filter cylinder 222.

[0073] In this embodiment, a filter cylinder 222 assembly is also provided in the biochemical reaction device 4 and is used in cooperation with the biological decomposition unit to further improve the water quality of the water body.

[0074] To ensure that the processing capacity of the system matches that of the filtration device 2 and the biochemical reaction device 4, multiple water circulation devices 3 may be provided. Preferably, the number of water circulation devices 3 is the same as the total number of the biochemical reaction devices 4 and the filtration devices 2 (in this embodiment, there are 4), and each water circulation device 3 may be correspondingly connected to one or a group of filtration devices 2 or biochemical reaction devices 4, or multiple water circulation devices 3 cooperate to drive the water flow of the entire system.

[0075] In a more specific embodiment, the multiple filter cartridges 222 of the filtration device 2 may be respectively communicated with the gas delivery pipeline 31 of the water circulation device 3 through connecting pipelines. In this configuration, the negative pressure generated in the throat area of the gas delivery pipeline 31 can cause the water flow in the circulation tank 21 to flow out to the aquaculture pond 1 through the filter cartridges 222, connecting pipelines, and drainage pipelines in sequence. This means that the suction force of air-lift directly acts on the water outlet end of the filter cartridge 222, increasing the speed of water flow through the filter layer and enhancing the filtration effect.

[0076] The air-lift type circulation device has a simple structure, stable operation, low energy consumption, and little interference to the aquaculture objects. The special structure (converging section + throat) of the gas delivery pipeline 31 uses negative pressure to drive the water flow, improving the circulation efficiency. The direct connection between the filter cartridge 222 and the air-lift pipeline uses negative pressure to accelerate the water flow through the filter layer, further enhancing the filtration efficiency.

[0077] Specifically, the oxygenation device 5 is used to supplement dissolved oxygen to the aquaculture water body and the treatment device to meet the needs of aquatic animal respiration and aerobic microorganism activities. The oxygenation device 5 may include a blower assembly 51 and / or an oxygen cone assembly 52. The blower assembly 51 includes a first blower 510, a second air delivery pipe 511 connected to the first blower 510, and an aeration disc 512 connected to the end of the second air delivery pipe 511.

[0078] The oxygen cone assembly 52 includes a circulation pump 521, a second filter screen 522 connected to the water inlet end of the circulation pump 521, a water-oxygen mixing pipe 523 communicated with the aquaculture pond 1, and an oxygen supply member 524 (such as an oxygen cylinder or an oxygen generator) connected between the water-oxygen mixing pipe 523 and the circulation pump 521 for storing and delivering oxygen into the water-oxygen mixing pipe 523. The circulation pump 521 extracts a part of the water to be treated from the aquaculture pond 1 through the second filter screen 522 to the water-oxygen mixing pipe 523, and the water flow mixes with the oxygen provided by the oxygen supply member 524 in the water-oxygen mixing pipe 523 to form a high-dissolved-oxygen water flow, and then is sent back to the aquaculture pond 1. The second filter screen 522 is used to prevent sundries from entering the circulation pump 521 and the water-oxygen mixing pipe 523.

[0079] In this embodiment, there are 5 groups of blower assemblies 51, which are respectively used in cooperation with 1 central aquaculture pond 1, 1 filtration device 2, and 3 biochemical reaction devices 4; there is 1 group of oxygen cone assemblies 52, which are arranged in the aquaculture pond 1.

[0080] In a preferred embodiment, the oxygen cone assembly 52 further includes a gas-liquid mixing unit, which is integrated in the water-oxygen mixing pipe 523 and is used to mix the oxygen supplied by the oxygen supply member 524 with water under high pressure to improve the dissolution efficiency of oxygen. The gas-liquid mixing unit is preferably a Venturi tube. The Venturi tube has a contraction section (throat) and a divergence section. When the water flow passes through the contraction section, the speed increases and the pressure decreases, forming a negative pressure at the throat. A radial oxygen injection hole is provided in the middle of the Venturi tube, and the oxygen supply member 524 is connected to the oxygen injection hole through an oxygen delivery pipeline. A solenoid valve is provided on the oxygen delivery pipeline. When the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the Venturi tube reaches or exceeds a preset threshold (for example, ≥0.2 MPa), the solenoid valve is triggered to open, and oxygen is inhaled under the action of high pressure difference and is fully mixed with the high-speed water flow to achieve efficient dissolution.

[0081] The blower assembly 51 provides basic or auxiliary oxygenation. Especially after the oxygen cone assembly 52 integrates the Venturi tube gas-liquid mixing unit, it can achieve efficient and high-pressure dissolution of oxygen, quickly improve the dissolved oxygen level in the water body, and meet the requirements of high-density aquaculture. The solenoid valve control based on the pressure difference trigger ensures that oxygen is supplied only when the gas-liquid mixing effect is optimal, avoiding waste.

[0082] In order to realize the automatic and intelligent management of the aquaculture process, this aquaculture equipment further includes a purified water supply device 60, a water quality monitoring device, and an automatic control device.

[0083] The purified water supply device 60 includes a purified water supply unit (such as a water source interface, a water pump, a water storage tank, etc.), and a purified water supply pipeline 61 connected between the purified water supply unit and the aquaculture pond 1. In addition, in order to facilitate operation when draining or changing water is needed, the purified water supply device 60 further includes a third drainage pipeline 62 connected to the drainage end of the circulation tank 21, which can drain the water in the circulation tank 21.

[0084] Specifically, the purified water supply device 60 is composed of a water storage tank, a variable-frequency water pump, a purified water supply pipeline 61, and a third drainage pipeline 62. The water storage tank is connected to the water inlet of the side wall of the aquaculture pond 1 through a flange, and a check valve against backflow is provided at the water inlet to prevent the water in the aquaculture pond 1 from flowing back. The purified water supply pipeline 61 is made of corrosion-resistant UPVC material and is laid along the outer wall of the aquaculture pond 1. The end is connected to the water inlet of the aquaculture pond 1 and the drainage end of the circulation tank 21 through a three-way valve. The outlet of the third drainage pipeline 62 is connected to an external sedimentation tank, and a replaceable suspended matter interception net is installed in the sedimentation tank to collect the particulate impurities discharged by backwashing.

[0085] When the system detects that water replenishment or water change is needed, the variable-frequency water pump starts according to the automatic control instruction. After the water flow is measured by the electromagnetic flowmeter, the flow direction is switched through the three-way valve: when replenishing water to the aquaculture pond 1, the passage of the circulation tank 21 is closed; when injecting water into the circulation tank 21, the passage of the aquaculture pond 1 is closed. The drainage pipeline is equipped with a siphon start module and a built-in pressure sensor. When the internal pressure difference in the circulation tank 21 exceeds the threshold value, the solenoid valve automatically opens, and the siphon effect is used to quickly discharge the sediment.

[0086] Dual-channel independent control avoids water flow impact. Siphon-triggered drainage realizes precise maintenance. The linkage between the electromagnetic flowmeter and the variable-frequency pump further reduces the error of the water replenishment volume, significantly improving the water resource utilization rate.

[0087] The water quality monitoring device includes a multi-parameter integrated sensor, a data acquisition module, and a wireless transmission unit. The sensor module is encapsulated inside a waterproof housing, integrating a dissolved oxygen probe, a pH electrode, an ammonia nitrogen electrochemical sensor, a nitrite optical sensor, and a temperature compensation unit. It is installed in the aquaculture pond 1 through a liftable bracket, and the bracket is driven by a stepper motor and can automatically adjust the monitoring position within the water depth range of 0.5 - 2 meters. The data acquisition module is built with a signal amplification and AD conversion circuit. After converting the sensor signal into a standard electrical signal, it is sent to the control center through the wireless transmission unit. The surface of the sensor is coated with an anti-biofouling nano-coating, and a micro ultrasonic oscillator is set at the bottom of the housing. When the data has no change for 5 consecutive minutes, the ultrasonic vibration is automatically started to remove the surface dirt.

[0088] Modular integration reduces the installation space. Dynamic depth monitoring reflects the water body stratification state. The ultrasonic self-cleaning technology further improves the accuracy of the sensor data. Wireless transmission supports multi-pond networking monitoring.

[0089] The automatic control device takes the programmable logic controller (PLC) as the core and integrates multi-variable control algorithms. After the system receives the water quality data in real time, it performs hierarchical control:

[0090] Dissolved oxygen regulation: When the monitored value is lower than the set threshold, the venturi tube solenoid valve of the oxygen cone assembly 52 is preferentially started, and the valve opening is adjusted proportionally according to the deviation value. At the same time, the blower is linked to provide auxiliary aeration, and the power distribution between the two is dynamically optimized according to the real-time dissolved oxygen demand;

[0091] Emergency treatment of pollutants: When the ammonia nitrogen or nitrite exceeds the standard, the theoretical water change volume is automatically calculated (water change volume = basic coefficient × excess multiple × pond volume), the drainage of the circulation tank 21 and the water replenishment of the aquaculture pond 1 are synchronously opened, and the heat of the drained water is recovered by the plate heat exchanger to preheat the new water during the water replenishment process;

[0092] pH buffering mechanism: When the pH is in the abnormal range, the metering pump in the chemical agent tank is automatically started, and acidic or alkaline buffer agents are accurately added according to the deviation direction. The dosage is calculated by a preset formula (dosage = ΔpH × pool volume / buffering efficiency coefficient).

[0093] Based on the above high-density aquaculture equipment, the present invention also provides an aquaculture method, which includes the following steps:

[0094] S1. Preparation and fry stocking: Use the purified water supply device 60 to supply an appropriate amount of purified water (or prepare brine according to the aquaculture species) to the aquaculture pond 1, and adjust parameters such as water temperature, pH, etc. to the appropriate range. Then put aquatic animals (such as fish, shrimps, crabs, etc.) into the aquaculture pond 1 for aquaculture.

[0095] S2. Water body circulation and treatment: Start the water circulation device 3 to drive the water in the aquaculture pond 1 to flow out and be treated through the filtration device 2 and the biochemical reaction device 4. In the filtration device 2, the water flow passes through the filter cylinder 222 filled with suspended beads, and suspended substances and particulate matters are effectively intercepted. In the biochemical reaction device 4, the water flow passes through the composite microbial flora and immobilized enzymes attached to the surface of the biological filter media, and the organic substances in the water are enzymatically hydrolyzed and decomposed by microorganisms. Nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia nitrogen into nitrite and nitrate, and denitrifying bacteria reduce nitrate to nitrogen. The purified water flow after filtration and biological treatment is sent back to the aquaculture pond 1 through the drainage pipeline of the water circulation device 3.

[0096] S3. Aeration regulation: Use the aeration device 5 to increase the dissolved oxygen in the aquaculture pond 1, the biochemical reaction device 4, and the filtration device 2 (if it is necessary to maintain an aerobic environment). According to the aquaculture density and the oxygen demand of aquatic animals, adjust the working intensity of the aeration device 5 so that the dissolved oxygen content in the water of the aquaculture pond 1 is at a preset appropriate threshold value (for example, usually higher than 5 mg / L).

[0097] S4. Water quality monitoring and intelligent regulation: Use the water quality monitoring device to regularly or continuously monitor key parameters such as the water temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, etc. in the water of the aquaculture pond 1. The water quality monitoring device feeds back the data to the automatic control device. The automatic control device compares the monitoring results with the preset optimal parameters and automatically regulates the power or operation mode of the purified water supply device 60 (for water replenishment or water change) and the aeration device 5 to maintain the stability of key parameters such as the water level, salinity (if applicable), and oxygen content in the water of the aquaculture pond 1, and ensure that the aquaculture environment is always in the best state.

[0098] Through the collaborative work of each unit of the equipment, this method realizes the continuous purification and optimization of the aquaculture water body, provides a stable water quality environment for high-density aquaculture, and improves the aquaculture success rate and output.

[0099] To maintain the treatment efficiency of the filtration device 2 and the biochemical reaction device 4, this aquaculture method further includes a backwashing unit connected in cooperation therewith, which is used to clean the filter cartridge 222 and the biochemical tank 41 regularly or as needed. The backwashing unit includes a first flushing pipeline and a second flushing pipeline.

[0100] The first flushing pipeline is used to clean the circulation tank 21 and the filter cartridge 222 of the filtration device 2. One end thereof is communicated with the bottom of the circulation tank 21, and the other end extends out of the top of the circulation tank 21 and is higher than the water flow inlet. When the pressure difference increases due to excessive interception of particulate matter inside the filter assembly 22, for example, when the pressure difference ΔP > 5 kPa, the valve on the first flushing pipeline is opened by an automatic control device or manual operation. Since the top of the pipeline is higher than the water level in the circulation tank 21, a siphon effect will be generated to completely or partially discharge the water in the circulation tank 21 to an external sedimentation tank, taking away the accumulated particulate matter.

[0101] The second flushing pipeline is used to clean the biochemical tank 41 and the biological filter media of the biochemical reaction device 4. One end thereof is communicated with the bottom of the biochemical tank 41, and the other end extends out of the top of the biochemical tank 41 and is higher than the surface of the biological filter media of the biochemical reaction device 4. When the dissolved oxygen concentration in the biochemical tank 41 is too low (for example, < 2 mg / L) and the organic carbon concentration is too high (for example, > 35 mg / L), indicating that the biochemical reaction device 4 may be blocked or the treatment load is too high, the valve on the second flushing pipeline is opened by an automatic control device or manual operation. Similarly, using the siphon effect, the water in the biochemical tank 41 is completely or partially discharged to an external fermentation tank for secondary treatment (such as anaerobic fermentation).

[0102] After the backwashing operation is completed, the automatic control device will start the water purification supply device 60 described in step S1 to supplement new water bodies to the circulation tank 21 and / or the biochemical tank 41, so that the system resumes normal operating water level.

[0103] Setting up the backwashing unit and triggering cleaning according to the filtration pressure difference and the water quality parameters in the biochemical tank 41 realizes the automatic or semi-automatic maintenance of the filtration device 2 and the biochemical reaction device 4, effectively prevents blockage, and ensures the long-term efficient operation of the system. Discharging the backwashing water to the sedimentation tank or the fermentation tank helps with subsequent treatment or resource recovery.

[0104] The high-density aquaculture equipment and method provided by the present invention reconstruct the traditional aquaculture water body circulation mode by constructing a multi-stage collaborative water treatment circulation system integrating physical filtration, efficient biodegradation, and precise oxygenation.

[0105] The core of the overall technical solution lies in: achieving efficient and low-resistance physical filtration by using a detachable filter cartridge 222 filled with polypropylene suspension beads, and accelerating the water flow through the filter layer by the negative pressure generated by the air-lift circulation device to further improve the filtration efficiency; in the biochemical reaction device 4, the specific functional composite microbial flora and the immobilized enzyme technology are ingeniously combined to achieve the staged and complete decomposition of organic matter and the complete removal of nitrogen; in the oxygenation link, a highly efficient oxygen cone assembly 52 is adopted, especially integrating a Venturi tube gas-liquid mixing unit and triggering oxygen supply through pressure difference, realizing the rapid and accurate improvement of dissolved oxygen in the water body. All these treatment units are organically linked through the air-lift circulation device to form a highly efficient and stable water quality purification closed-loop system. At the same time, the integrated water quality monitoring and automatic control system, as well as the backwashing mechanism triggered based on water quality parameters, ensure the automatic operation and long-term stability of the system.

[0106] The overall beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0107] Significantly improve water quality: Through multi-stage collaborative treatment, effectively remove suspended solids, organic matter, and harmful nitrogen compounds in the water body, and maintain the aquaculture water body in a high-quality state for a long time.

[0108] Support high-density aquaculture: The efficient water treatment capacity can meet the stringent requirements of high-density aquaculture for water quality and improve the output per unit water body.

[0109] Improve aquaculture efficiency: The stable water quality environment reduces the occurrence of diseases, reduces aquaculture risks, and improves the feed conversion rate and growth rate.

[0110] Reduce operating energy consumption: The air-lift circulation device has lower energy consumption compared to traditional water pumps.

[0111] Reduce water resource consumption: The efficient water circulation and purification significantly reduce the water replacement volume.

[0112] Realize automated management: The water quality monitoring and automatic control system reduce the labor intensity of manual work and improve the management efficiency.

[0113] Facilitate maintenance: The detachable filter cartridge 222 and the automatic backwashing design simplify the equipment maintenance.

[0114] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it does not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to form an equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, as long as it does not depart from the content of the technical solution of the present invention, any brief modification, equivalent change, and modification made to the above embodiment based on the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-density aquaculture device, comprising a culture pond (1); characterized in that: It further includes a filtering device (2), a water circulation device (3), a biochemical reaction device (4) and an oxygenation device (5); the filtering device (2) includes a circulation tank (21), and a filtering component (22) for removing particulate matters in the pond water is arranged in the circulation tank (21), the biochemical reaction device (4) includes a biochemical tank (41) communicated with the aquaculture pond (1) and a biological decomposition unit arranged in the biochemical tank (41) for decomposing organic matters in the pond water, the water circulation device (3) is cooperatively connected with the aquaculture pond (1), the filtering device (2) and the biochemical reaction device (4) for driving water flow to circulate among the aquaculture pond (1), the filtering device (2) and the biochemical reaction device (4), and the oxygenation device (5) is cooperatively connected with the aquaculture pond (1) for supplying oxygen to the pond water in the aquaculture pond (1).

2. The high-density aquaculture equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filtering component (22) includes a first water inlet pipeline (221), a first drainage pipeline (223) arranged in the circulation tank (21), and a plurality of filtering cylinders (222) arranged between the first water inlet pipeline (221) and the first drainage pipeline (223), a plurality of polyethylene suspension beads and / or polypropylene suspension beads are filled in the filtering cylinders (222), and the water circulation device (3) is used for pumping the pond water in the aquaculture pond (1) to the filtering cylinders (222) through the first water inlet pipeline (221) for filtering and then sending it back to the aquaculture pond (1) through the first drainage pipeline (223).

3. The high-density aquaculture equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biological decomposition unit includes biological filter media arranged in the biochemical tank (41), and nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and a composite microorganism flora arranged on the surface of the biological filter media, the composite microorganism flora includes one or more of bacillus, lactobacillus and rhodopseudomonas for decomposing organic matters in the pond water; the nitrifying bacteria are used for oxidizing ammonia nitrogen generated by decomposing organic matters into nitrite and nitrate, and reducing nitrate into nitrogen through denitrification in an anoxic area.

4. The high-density aquaculture equipment according to claim 3, wherein: The biological filter media is an enzyme immobilization carrier, and the enzyme immobilization carrier is one or more combinations of porous graphene-calcium alginate composite microspheres, biological ceramic carriers, porous composite carriers or core-shell structure carriers; a hydrolase is immobilized on the surface of the enzyme immobilization carrier through a covalent bond or a coordination bond.

5. The high-density aquaculture equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water circulation device (3) is an air-lift type circulation device, and the air-lift type circulation device includes a gas source, a gas delivery pipeline (31) communicated with the gas source, a second drainage pipeline (32) communicated with the gas delivery pipeline (31), and a second water inlet pipeline (33) for communicating the biochemical tank (41) with the aquaculture pond (1) and the circulation tank (21) with the aquaculture pond (1), the free end of the gas delivery pipeline (31) extends into the circulation tank (21) or the biochemical tank (41), and the free end of the second drainage pipeline (32) is communicated with the aquaculture pond (1); The inner diameter of the gas delivery pipeline (31) gradually decreases along the gas flow direction and transitions to the second drainage pipeline (32). The gas delivery direction of the gas delivery pipeline (31) intersects with the water flow direction of the second drainage pipeline (32). When the gas source delivers gas to the gas delivery pipeline (31), the gas flows through the gas delivery pipeline (31) to form a high-speed air flow that generates negative pressure, and the negative pressure is used to drive the water flow to circulate among the aquaculture pond (1), the filtration device (2), and the biochemical reaction device (4).

6. The high-density aquaculture equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oxygenation device (5) includes a blower assembly (51) and / or an oxygen cone assembly (52). The blower assembly (51) oxygenates the water by inflating the aeration disc (512) through the blower, and the oxygen cone assembly (52) oxygenates the water by dissolving oxygen into the pond water of the aquaculture pond (1).

7. The high-density aquaculture equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The oxygen cone assembly (52) includes a circulation pump (521), a filter screen connected to the water inlet end of the circulation pump (521), a water-oxygen mixing pipe (523) communicated with the aquaculture pond (1), and an oxygen supply member (524) connected between the water-oxygen mixing pipe (523) and the circulation pump (521) for storing and delivering oxygen into the water-oxygen mixing pipe (523). The circulation pump (521) extracts the water to be treated in the aquaculture pond (1) to the water-oxygen mixing pipe (523) via the filter screen, mixes it with the oxygen in the oxygen supply member (524), and then returns it to the aquaculture pond (1).

8. The high-density aquaculture equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aquaculture equipment further includes a purified water supply device (60), a water quality monitoring device, and an automatic control device. The purified water supply device (60) includes a purified water supply unit, a purified water supply pipeline (61) connected between the purified water supply unit and the aquaculture pond (1), and a third drainage pipeline (62) connected to the drainage end of the circulation tank (21). The water quality monitoring device is electrically coordinated with the automatic control device to monitor parameters such as water temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrite in the aquaculture pond (1) in real time, and feedback the monitored parameters to the automatic control device. The automatic control device is electrically coordinated with the oxygenation device (5) and the purified water supply device (60), and adjusts the oxygenation amount of the oxygenation device (5) and the purified water supply amount of the purified water supply device (60) according to the data feedback by the water quality monitoring device.

9. An aquaculture method, characterized in that: Including the following steps: S1. Use the purified water supply device (60) to supply purified water to the aquaculture pond (1), and put aquatic animals into the aquaculture pond (1) for breeding. S2. Start the water circulation device (3) to drive the water in the aquaculture pond (1) to pass through the filtration device (2) and the biochemical reaction device (4) for filtration and biological treatment, so that the water flow intercepts particulate matter through the filtration device (2), and decomposes organic matter through enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial action in the biochemical reaction device (4), and returns the filtered and biologically treated pond water to the aquaculture pond (1). S3. Use the oxygenation device (5) to increase the dissolved oxygen in the aquaculture pond (1), the biochemical reaction device (4), and the filtration device (2), so that the oxygen content of the water in the aquaculture pond (1) is at a preset threshold. S4. Regularly monitor the water quality using a water quality detection device, and use an automatic control device to adjust the power of the water purification supply device (60) and the oxygenation device (5) according to the monitoring results to maintain the water level, salinity, and oxygen content in the aquaculture pond (1).

10. The aquaculture method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The aquaculture method further includes arranging a backwashing unit connected in cooperation with the water circulation device (3). The backwashing unit includes a first flushing pipeline and a second flushing pipeline. One end of the first flushing pipeline communicates with the bottom of the circulation tank (21), and the other end extends out of the top of the circulation tank (21) and is higher than the water inlet; one end of the second flushing pipeline communicates with the bottom of the biochemical tank (41), and the other end extends out of the top of the biochemical tank (41) and is higher than the biological filter media of the biochemical reaction device (4). When the pressure difference ΔP of the filter assembly (22) > 5 kPa, open the first flushing pipeline to completely drain the water in the circulation tank (21) to an external sedimentation tank through siphon action. When the dissolved oxygen concentration in the biochemical tank (41) < 2 mg / L and the organic carbon > 35 mg / L, open the second flushing pipeline to completely drain the water in the biochemical tank (41) to an external fermentation tank for secondary treatment; after the backwashing operation, start the water purification supply device (60) in step S1 to supplement new water to the circulation tank (21) and the biochemical tank (41).

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