Green high-yield cultivation method for rice

Abstract

The invention provides a green high-yield cultivation method for rice, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural production. The invention provides a special slow-release fertilizer for paddy rice, the special slow-release fertilizer for paddy rice comprises a fertilizer core and a carrier, the fertilizer core comprises waste mushroom sticks, soybean meal, paddy rice straw, rice bran, artemisia apiacea residue and an EM microbial agent, and the carrier comprises plant ash, tea bran, baking soda and paddy rice soil according to a mass ratio of 1: 0.2-0.6: 0.2-0.6: 2-4. By adopting the slow-release fertilizer disclosed by the invention and adopting a rice planting mode of combining film mulching and lateral deep fertilization, the requirement of the rice for nutrients in the growth period can be met by only applying the fertilizer once during rice transplanting while promoting the early maturing of the rice, the fertilization frequency is reduced, and the yield of the rice is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and particularly relates to a method for green and high-yield cultivation of rice. Background Art

[0002] As one of the important food crops globally, the yield and quality of rice are directly related to food security and the sustainable development of agriculture. With the continuous improvement of people's awareness of food safety and environmental protection, the problems existing in the traditional rice cultivation process have become increasingly prominent, and the development of green cultivation technology has become an inevitable trend in the rice industry.

[0003] In the traditional rice cultivation mode, in order to pursue high yields, a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used. The excessive application of chemical fertilizers will lead to soil compaction, reduced soil fertility, and damage to the soil ecosystem. At the same time, chemical fertilizers are washed into water bodies with rainwater, easily causing environmental pollution problems such as water eutrophication. The unreasonable use of pesticides will not only make pests develop drug resistance, but also lead to excessive pesticide residues, endangering human health. At the same time, it will cause harm to beneficial organisms in the farmland ecosystem and damage biodiversity.

[0004] In the process of rice planting, straw treatment is also an important issue. Traditional straw treatment methods such as burning will produce a large amount of smoke and harmful gases, polluting the atmospheric environment. At the same time, burning will also cause soil nutrient loss. When directly returning straw to the field, if not properly treated, it may carry pest and disease eggs and weed seeds, increasing the risk of pests, diseases, and weeds, and affecting the growth and yield of rice.

[0005] At present, although there have been some studies and attempts on green cultivation of rice, such as using organic fertilizers to replace some chemical fertilizers, biological control of pests and diseases, and improving irrigation technology, these methods still have some deficiencies in practical applications. For example, the fertilizer efficiency of organic fertilizers is difficult to meet the nutrient requirements during the critical growth period of rice, and multiple fertilizations are required; the control effect of biological control technology is greatly affected by environmental factors, and its stability needs to be improved; the promotion cost of new irrigation technology is relatively high, making it difficult to popularize in large-scale production.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a more efficient, environmentally friendly, and sustainable method for green cultivation of rice to solve the problems existing in traditional cultivation methods, achieve high-yield, high-quality, and green production of rice, and meet people's needs for food safety and environmental protection. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for green and high-yield cultivation of rice. By combining film mulching and side deep fertilization, while promoting the early maturity of rice, only one fertilization is carried out during rice transplanting, which can meet the nutrient requirements during the growth period of rice, reduce the number of fertilizations, and increase the yield of rice.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned invention objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] The present invention provides a slow-release fertilizer specifically for rice, and the slow-release fertilizer for rice includes a fertilizer core and a carrier. The fertilizer core includes raw materials in the following parts by mass: 40-80 parts of waste mushroom sticks, 30-50 parts of soybean meal, 30-50 parts of rice straw, 20-40 parts of rice bran, 3-5 parts of artemisia annua residue, and 1-3 parts of EM bacteria agent;

[0010] The carrier is composed of plant ash, tea seed cake, baking soda, and paddy soil in a mass ratio of 1:0.2-0.6:0.2-0.6:2-4.

[0011] Preferably, the fertilizer core is a liquid; the preparation method of the fertilizer core is as follows: other raw materials except the EM bacteria agent are crushed and mixed to obtain a mixture; the mixture is mixed with water, the EM bacteria agent is added, and fermentation is carried out, and the fermentation broth is collected and concentrated to obtain the fertilizer core.

[0012] Preferably, the mass-to-volume ratio of the mixture to water is 1 g: 3-7 mL.

[0013] Preferably, the temperature of the fermentation is 28-32 °C, and the time of the fermentation is 2-6 d.

[0014] Preferably, the temperature of the concentration is 45-55 °C, and the volume of the concentration is 2 / 5-3 / 5 of the original volume.

[0015] Preferably, the mass-to-volume ratio of the carrier to the fertilizer core is 1 g: 0.5-2 mL.

[0016] The present invention provides a preparation method of a slow-release fertilizer specifically for rice, including the following steps:

[0017] (7.1) Mix the plant ash, tea seed cake, baking soda, and paddy soil, perform spray granulation and drying to obtain the carrier;

[0018] (7.2) Mix the carrier obtained in step (7.1) with the fertilizer core to obtain the fertilizer;

[0019] (7.3) Perform coating treatment on the fertilizer obtained in step (7.2) to obtain the slow-release fertilizer specifically for rice.

[0020] The present invention also provides a method for green and high-yield cultivation of rice, including the following steps:

[0021] (8.1) After the field is deeply plowed, exposed to the sun, and harrowed flat, it is irrigated and soaked for 1-2 d, and then covered with a film after the mud has settled;

[0022] (8.2) In the field after film mulching, the slow-release fertilizer is applied in a side deep fertilization method, 5-10 cm away from the root system of the seedlings and 5-10 cm deep from the ground surface of the field.

[0023] (8.3) Conduct field management until harvest.

[0024] Preferably, the film used for film mulching is a biodegradable plastic film.

[0025] Preferably, the application rate of the slow-release fertilizer is 30-70 kg / mu.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] (1) The slow-release fertilizer prepared by the present invention uses plant ash, tea bran, baking soda and paddy soil as raw materials to prepare a carrier. Among them, the plant ash reacts under the action of the moisture provided by spray granulation, which helps to form micropores inside the carrier. By putting the carrier into the liquid medicine, the outer surface of the carrier is coated with all the nutrients that can provide the growth of rice. Then through coating treatment, the nutrients wrapped on the carrier are slowly released to ensure the nutrient requirements of rice during the growth process. Using the slow-release fertilizer of the present application, only one fertilization is required to ensure the growth of rice, which can not only reduce the traditional operation of topdressing, improve the reuse efficiency of machinery and operation efficiency, improve the fertilizer utilization efficiency, but also realize the light and simplified production of rice, increase production and income, improve work efficiency, save fertilization labor, and have a very significant cost-saving and efficiency-increasing effect.

[0028] (2) Through the combination of film mulching and side deep fertilization, the present application can promote the early maturity of rice. At the same time, only one fertilization is carried out during rice transplanting, which can meet the nutrient requirements of rice during the growth period, reduce the number of fertilizations, and increase the yield of rice. Detailed implementation mode

[0029] The present invention provides a special slow-release fertilizer for rice. The special slow-release fertilizer for rice includes a fertilizer core and a carrier. The fertilizer core includes the following raw materials in parts by mass:

[0030] 40-80 parts of waste mushroom sticks, preferably 50-70 parts, and further preferably 60 parts;

[0031] 30-50 parts of soybean meal, preferably 35-45 parts, and further preferably 40 parts;

[0032] 30-50 parts of rice straw, preferably 35-45 parts, and further preferably 40 parts;

[0033] 20-40 parts of rice bran, preferably 25-35 parts, and further preferably 30 parts;

[0034] 3 to 5 parts of Artemisia annua residue, preferably 3.5 to 4.5 parts, more preferably 4 parts;

[0035] 1 to 3 parts of EM bacterial agent, preferably 1.5 to 2.5 parts, more preferably 2 parts;

[0036] The carrier is composed of plant ash, tea bran, baking soda and paddy soil with a mass ratio of 1:0.2 - 0.6:0.2 - 0.6:2 - 4, preferably 1:0.3 - 0.5:0.3 - 0.5:2.5 - 3.5, more preferably 1:0.4:0.4:3.

[0037] In the present invention, the fertilizer core is liquid; the preparation method of the fertilizer core is as follows: other raw materials except the EM bacterial agent are crushed and mixed to obtain a mixture; the mixture is mixed with water, the EM bacterial agent is added, and fermentation is carried out, and the fermentation broth is collected and concentrated to obtain the fertilizer core. The present invention has no special limitation on the source and crushing method of the raw materials, and conventional commercially available products and conventional crushing methods can be used. The mass - volume ratio of the mixture to water is 1 g:3 - 7 mL, preferably 1 g:4 - 6 mL, more preferably 1 g:5 mL. The temperature of the fermentation is 28 - 32 °C, preferably 29 - 31 °C, more preferably 30 °C, and the time of the fermentation is 2 - 6 d, preferably 3 - 5 d, more preferably 4 d. The concentration is carried out by vacuum concentration, the temperature of the concentration is 45 - 55 °C, preferably 47 - 52 °C, more preferably 50 °C; the volume of the concentration is 2 / 5 - 3 / 5 of the original volume, preferably 9 / 20 - 11 / 20, more preferably 1 / 2.

[0038] In the present invention, the mass - volume ratio of the carrier to the fertilizer core is 1 g:0.5 - 2 mL, preferably 1 g:1 - 1.8 mL, more preferably 1 g:1.5 mL.

[0039] The present invention provides a preparation method of a slow - release fertilizer for rice, comprising the following steps:

[0040] (7.1) Mix the plant ash, tea bran, baking soda and paddy soil, spray granulate and dry to obtain the carrier;

[0041] (7.2) Mix the carrier obtained in step (7.1) with the fertilizer core to obtain the fertilizer;

[0042] (7.3) Carry out coating treatment on the fertilizer obtained in step (7.2) to obtain the slow - release fertilizer for rice.

[0043] In the present invention, the plant ash, tea seed cake, baking soda and paddy soil are mixed, spray granulated and dried to obtain a carrier. After the plant ash, tea seed cake, baking soda and paddy soil are pulverized, they are sieved through a 150-300 mesh sieve, the components passing through the sieve are collected, mixed evenly, and then granulated by spray granulation technology. The obtained granules are air-dried to obtain a carrier with a particle size of 3-5 mm. The mesh number of the sieving is preferably 180-250 mesh, and more preferably 200 mesh.

[0044] In the present invention, the carrier obtained in step (7.1) is mixed with the fertilizer core to obtain a fertilizer. The obtained carrier is placed in the fertilizer core for 5-15 minutes, then taken out and dried in an oven at 40-60 °C to obtain a fertilizer. The time for placing the carrier in the fertilizer core is preferably 7-12 minutes, more preferably 10 minutes, and the drying temperature is 45-55 °C, more preferably 50 °C.

[0045] In the present invention, the fertilizer obtained in step (7.2) is coated to obtain a slow-release fertilizer for rice. Ethyl cellulose and ethanol with a mass-volume ratio of 1-5 g:100 mL are mixed as a coating solution and sprayed on the surface of the fertilizer obtained in step (7.2) to obtain a slow-release fertilizer for rice. The concentration of the ethanol is 70%-100%, preferably 80%-90%, more preferably 85%, and the dosage of the ethyl cellulose is 2%-4% of the fertilizer mass, preferably 2.5%-3.5%, more preferably 3%. The mass ratio of the ethyl cellulose to the ethanol is preferably 2-4 g:100 mL, more preferably 3 g:100 mL.

[0046] The present invention also provides a method for green and high-yield cultivation of rice, comprising the following steps:

[0047] (8.1) After the field is deeply plowed, exposed to the sun, and harrowed flat, it is irrigated and soaked for 1-2 days, and then covered with a film after the slurry has settled.

[0048] (8.2) In the field covered with a film, the slow-release fertilizer is applied by side deep fertilization method at a distance of 5-10 cm from the roots of the seedlings and 5-10 cm deep from the ground surface of the field.

[0049] (8.3) Carry out field management until harvesting.

[0050] In the present invention, after the field is deeply plowed, exposed to the sun, and harrowed flat, it is irrigated and soaked for 1-2 days, and then covered with a film after the slurry has settled. The field after removing residues and weeds is deeply plowed, exposed to the sun for 5-9 days, then harrowed flat so that the height difference on the ground surface is not more than 3 cm, irrigated with 5-7 cm of water, soaked for 1-2 days, and when the shallow water layer is 1-3 cm, the field is covered with a film by a film covering machine. The film used for covering the film in the present invention is a biodegradable plastic film. The number of days of sun exposure is preferably 6-8 days, more preferably 7 days.

[0051] In the present invention, in the film-covered field, the slow-release fertilizer is applied in a side deep fertilization manner at a position 5 - 10 cm away from the root system of the seedlings and 5 - 10 cm deep from the field surface. In the film-covered field, a rice transplanter equipped with a side deep fertilization device is used to apply the slow-release fertilizer at a position 5 - 10 cm away from the root system of the seedlings and 5 - 10 cm deep from the field surface; the row spacing of transplanting is set to be 25 - 30 cm, the plant spacing is 12 - 15 cm, 2 - 3 seedlings are inserted per hill, and the insertion depth is 1 - 2 cm; the application rate of the slow-release fertilizer is 30 - 70 kg / mu, preferably 40 - 60 kg / mu, and more preferably 50 kg / mu; the distance of the slow-release fertilizer from the root system of the seedlings is preferably 6 - 9 cm, and more preferably 7 cm; the depth from the field surface is preferably 6 - 9 cm, and more preferably 7 cm.

[0052] In the present invention, field management is carried out until harvest. There are no special limitations on the field management of the present invention, and conventional management methods can be adopted. If there is heavy rain, it is only necessary to drain water in time to prevent waterlogging, and mechanical harvesting is carried out when the maturity of the paddy reaches 90%.

[0053] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0054] Example 1

[0055] A preparation method of a slow-release fertilizer special for rice:

[0056] (1) After pulverizing plant ash, tea bran, baking soda and paddy soil, pass them through a 200-mesh sieve, collect the components under the sieve, and mix plant ash, tea bran, baking soda and paddy soil in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.4:3 to obtain a mixture. Place the mixture in a granulator and use spray granulation technology for granulation. Dry the obtained granules to obtain carriers with a particle size of 3 - 5 mm for standby.

[0057] (2) After pulverizing waste mushroom sticks, soybean meal, rice straw, rice bran and Artemisia annua residue, pass them through an 80-mesh sieve, collect the components under the sieve, mix 60 kg of waste mushroom sticks, 40 kg of soybean meal, 40 kg of rice straw, 30 kg of rice bran and 4 kg of Artemisia annua residue, add 870 L of water for mixing, add 2 kg of EM bacterial agent (purchased from Jiangsu Greenbo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), ferment at 30 °C for 4 d, collect the filtrate, and carry out vacuum concentration at 50 °C to 1 / 2 of the original volume of the filtrate to obtain the fertilizer core.

[0058] (3) Place the carriers in the fertilizer core according to a mass-volume ratio of 1 g:1.5 mL, soak for 10 min, then take out and dry in an oven at 50 °C to obtain the fertilizer.

[0059] (4) Weigh ethyl cellulose according to 3% of the mass of the fertilizer for standby. Add ethyl cellulose to an ethanol solution with a concentration of 85% according to the mass-volume ratio of 3 g:100 mL. After dissolution, spray it on the surface of the fertilizer until spraying is completed and there is no ethanol left, thus obtaining the slow-release fertilizer specialized for rice.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] (1) After crushing plant ash, tea seed cake, baking soda and paddy soil, pass them through a 300-mesh sieve, collect the components passing through the sieve, and mix plant ash, tea seed cake, baking soda and paddy soil according to the mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.6:4 to obtain a mixture. Place the mixture in a granulator and use spray granulation technology for granulation. Dry the obtained granules to obtain a carrier with a particle size of 3 - 5 mm for standby.

[0062] (2) After crushing waste mushroom sticks, soybean meal, rice straw, rice bran and Artemisia annua residue, pass them through an 80-mesh sieve, collect the components passing through the sieve, mix 80 kg of waste mushroom sticks, 50 kg of soybean meal, 50 kg of rice straw, 40 kg of rice bran and 5 kg of Artemisia annua residue, add 1575 L of water for mixing, add 3 kg of EM bacterial agent, ferment at 30 °C for 6 d, collect the filtrate, and perform vacuum concentration at a temperature of 50 °C until the volume of the filtrate is reduced to 3 / 5 to obtain the fertilizer core.

[0063] (3) Place the carrier in the fertilizer core according to the mass-volume ratio of 1 g:2 mL, soak for 10 min, then take it out and dry it in an oven at 50 °C to obtain the fertilizer.

[0064] (4) Weigh ethyl cellulose according to 4% of the mass of the fertilizer for standby. Add ethyl cellulose to an ethanol solution with a concentration of 85% according to the mass-volume ratio of 5 g:100 mL. After dissolution, spray it on the surface of the fertilizer until spraying is completed and there is no ethanol left, thus obtaining the slow-release fertilizer specialized for rice.

[0065] Example 3

[0066] (1) After crushing plant ash, tea seed cake, baking soda and paddy soil, pass them through a 150-mesh sieve, collect the components passing through the sieve, and mix plant ash, tea seed cake, baking soda and paddy soil according to the mass ratio of 1:0.2:0.2:2 to obtain a mixture. Place the mixture in a granulator and use spray granulation technology for granulation. Dry the obtained granules to obtain a carrier with a particle size of 3 - 5 mm for standby.

[0067] (2) After the discarded mushroom sticks, soybean meal, rice straw, rice bran, and Artemisia annua residue were crushed, the sieve was passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and the undersize components were collected. 40 kg of discarded mushroom sticks, 30 kg of soybean meal, 30 kg of rice straw, 20 kg of rice bran, and 3 kg of Artemisia annua residue were mixed, added to 369 L of water, and 1 kg of EM inoculant was added. The mixture was fermented at 30 ° C for 4 days, and the filtrate was collected. It was concentrated under reduced pressure at a temperature of 50 ° C to 2 / 5 of the volume of the filtrate to obtain a fertilizer core.

[0068] (3) The carrier was placed in the fertilizer core at a mass-to-volume ratio of 1 g:1 mL, soaked for 10 min, taken out, and dried in an oven at 50°C to obtain the fertilizer.

[0069] (4) Weigh 2% of the mass of the fertilizer in ethyl cellulose and set aside. Add the ethyl cellulose to an 85% ethanol solution at a mass-to-volume ratio of 1 g:100 mL. After dissolving, spray the solution onto the fertilizer surface until the spraying is complete and no ethanol is present. This yields a slow-release fertilizer specifically for rice.

[0070] Example 4

[0071] A method for green and high-yield cultivation of rice:

[0072] (1) Select high-quality, disease-free rice seeds and raise them using conventional rice seedling raising methods for future use.

[0073] (2) After removing the debris and weeds, the fields were deep-plowed and exposed to the sun for 7 days. The fields were then raked flat so that the surface height difference was no more than 3 cm. 5-7 cm of water was poured and the fields were soaked for 2 days. When the mud was solid and the shallow water layer was 1-3 cm, a mulching machine was used to bury the edges of the biodegradable mulch film (purchased from Suzhou Zhongdahang Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) into the soil 7±2 cm to prevent air leakage and to cover the fields.

[0074] (3) In the fields after film covering, a rice transplanter equipped with a side deep fertilization device was used to apply slow-release fertilizer 7 cm away from the roots of the seedlings and 7 cm deep; the row spacing and plant spacing were set to 27 cm, 13 cm, 2 seedlings per hole, and the amount of slow-release fertilizer used was set to 50 kg / mu.

[0075] (4) Manage the rice according to traditional rice management methods and use mechanical harvesting when the rice reaches 90% maturity.

[0076] Example 5

[0077] A method for green and high-yield cultivation of rice:

[0078] (1) Select high-quality, disease-free rice seeds and raise them using conventional rice seedling raising methods for future use.

[0079] (2) The fields after removing the debris and weeds were deep-plowed and exposed to the sun for 9 days. The fields were then raked flat so that the surface height difference was no more than 3 cm. 5-7 cm of water was poured and the fields were soaked for 2 days. When the mud was solid and the shallow water layer was 1-3 cm, a mulching machine was used to bury the edges of the biodegradable mulch film (purchased from Suzhou Zhongdahang Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) into the soil 7±2 cm to prevent air leakage. The fields were then mulched.

[0080] (3) In the fields after film covering, use a rice transplanter equipped with a side deep fertilization device to apply slow-release fertilizer 10 cm away from the roots of the seedlings and 10 cm deep; set the transplanting row spacing to 30 cm, the plant spacing to 15 cm, 2 seedlings per hole, and set the slow-release fertilizer usage to 70 kg / mu.

[0081] (4) Manage the rice according to traditional rice management methods and use mechanical harvesting when the rice reaches 90% maturity.

[0082] Example 6

[0083] A method for green and high-yield cultivation of rice:

[0084] (1) Select high-quality, disease-free rice seeds and raise them using conventional rice seedling raising methods for future use.

[0085] (2) After removing the debris and weeds, the fields were deep-plowed and exposed to the sun for 5 days. The fields were then raked flat so that the surface height difference was no more than 3 cm. 5-7 cm of water was poured and the fields were soaked for 2 days. When the mud was solid and the shallow water layer was 1-3 cm, a film-covering machine was used to bury the edges of the biodegradable film (purchased from Suzhou Zhongdahang Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) into the soil 7±2 cm to prevent air leakage and cover the fields.

[0086] (3) In the field after film covering, use a rice transplanter equipped with a side deep fertilization device to apply slow-release fertilizer 5 cm away from the roots of the seedlings and 5 cm deep; set the transplanting row spacing to 25 cm, the plant spacing to 12 cm, 2 seedlings per hole, and set the slow-release fertilizer usage to 30 kg / mu.

[0087] (4) Manage the rice according to traditional rice management methods and use mechanical harvesting when the rice reaches 90% maturity.

[0088] Comparative Example 1

[0089] A preparation method of a slow-release fertilizer specifically for rice:

[0090] (1) After crushing wood ash, tea bran, baking soda and paddy soil, the mixture was passed through a 200-mesh sieve to collect the undersize components, and the wood ash, tea bran, baking soda and paddy soil were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.4:3 to obtain a mixture for later use.

[0091] (2) After crushing waste mushroom sticks, soybean meal, rice straw, rice bran, and Artemisia annua residue, pass them through an 80-mesh sieve, collect the components passing through the sieve, mix 60 kg of waste mushroom sticks, 40 kg of soybean meal, 40 kg of rice straw, 30 kg of rice bran, and 4 kg of Artemisia annua residue, add 870 L of water and mix, add 2 kg of EM bacterial agent, ferment at 30 °C for 4 days, collect the filtrate, perform vacuum concentration at 50 °C until the volume of the filtrate is reduced to 1 / 2, and freeze-dry to obtain the fertilizer core.

[0092] (3) Mix the mixture obtained in step (1) and the fertilizer core obtained in step (2) according to a mass ratio of 1 g:1.5 g, place them in a granulator and use spray granulation technology to granulate, and dry the obtained granules to obtain a fertilizer with a particle size of 3 - 5 mm.

[0093] (4) Weigh ethyl cellulose according to 3% of the mass of the fertilizer and set it aside. Add ethyl cellulose to an ethanol solution with a concentration of 85% according to a mass-volume ratio of 3 g:100 mL. After dissolution, spray it on the surface of the fertilizer until spraying is completed and there is no ethanol left to obtain a slow-release fertilizer for rice.

[0094] Comparative Example 2

[0095] The difference between the slow-release fertilizer prepared by this method and that in Example 1 is only that after crushing plant ash, tea seed cake, baking soda, and paddy soil, pass them through a 50-mesh sieve.

[0096] Comparative Example 3

[0097] The difference between the slow-release fertilizer prepared by this method and that in Example 1 is only that after crushing plant ash, tea seed cake, baking soda, and paddy soil, pass them through a 350-mesh sieve.

[0098] Comparative Example 4

[0099] The difference between the slow-release fertilizer prepared by this method and that in Example 1 is only that the ratio of plant ash, tea seed cake, baking soda, and paddy soil is replaced from 1:0.4:0.4:3 to 1:1:1:5.

[0100] Comparative Example 5

[0101] The difference between the slow-release fertilizer prepared by this method and that in Example 1 is only that the ratio of plant ash, tea seed cake, baking soda, and paddy soil is replaced from 1:0.4:0.4:3 to 1:0.1:0.1:1.

[0102] Comparative Example 6

[0103] The slow-release fertilizer prepared by this method is only different from that of Example 1 in that the raw material composition of the fertilizer core is replaced by 30 kg of waste mushroom sticks, 20 kg of soybean meal, 20 kg of rice straw, 10 kg of rice bran, 2 kg of Artemisia annua residue and 0.5 kg of EM bacterial agent, which was originally 60 kg of waste mushroom sticks, 40 kg of soybean meal, 40 kg of rice straw, 30 kg of rice bran, 4 kg of Artemisia annua residue and 2 kg of EM bacterial agent.

[0104] Comparative Example 7

[0105] The slow-release fertilizer prepared by this method is only different from that of Example 1 in that the raw material composition of the fertilizer core is replaced by 100 kg of waste mushroom sticks, 70 kg of soybean meal, 70 kg of rice straw, 50 kg of rice bran, 10 kg of Artemisia annua residue and 5 kg of EM bacterial agent, which was originally 60 kg of waste mushroom sticks, 40 kg of soybean meal, 40 kg of rice straw, 30 kg of rice bran, 4 kg of Artemisia annua residue and 2 kg of EM bacterial agent.

[0106] Comparative Example 8

[0107] The slow-release fertilizer prepared by this method is only different from that of Example 1 in that the Artemisia annua residue in the fertilizer core raw materials is removed.

[0108] Comparative Example 9

[0109] The slow-release fertilizer prepared by this method is only different from that of Example 1 in that the Artemisia annua residue in the fertilizer core raw materials is replaced by castor cake meal.

[0110] Comparative Example 10

[0111] The slow-release fertilizer prepared by this method is only different from that of Example 1 in that the usage amount of ethyl cellulose is 1% of the fertilizer quality.

[0112] Comparative Example 11

[0113] The slow-release fertilizer prepared by this method is only different from that of Example 1 in that the usage amount of ethyl cellulose is 6% of the fertilizer quality.

[0114] Comparative Example 12

[0115] It is only different from Example 4 in that no film covering treatment is carried out.

[0116] Comparative Example 13

[0117] It is only different from Example 4 in that in the way of applying base fertilizer, the slow-release fertilizer is applied on the field surface before film covering, and then film covering and transplanting are carried out simultaneously by a film covering and transplanting machine.

[0118] Comparative Example 14

[0119] It is only different from Example 4 in that the application depth of the slow-release fertilizer is 15 cm.

[0120] Experimental Example 1

[0121] At the experimental base of Yangzhou University (Changshu) Modern Agricultural Development Research Institute Co., Ltd., the slow-release fertilizers obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 11 were used for rice (Nanjing 46) planting according to the method of Example 4. As the experimental group, the fertilizers and fertilization methods in the traditional Nanjing 46 planting method were used as the control group, and other field management measures were carried out according to the conventional method. The effects of different slow-release fertilizers on rice yield were compared, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0122] Table 1 Effects of different slow-release fertilizers on rice yield

[0123] Test group Yield kg / mu Test group Yield kg / mu Example 1 748.65 Comparative Example 6 720.61 Example 2 739.84 Comparative Example 7 697.37 Example 3 742.26 Comparative Example 8 673.54 Comparative Example 1 662.34 Comparative Example 9 684.88 Comparative Example 2 695.92 Comparative Example 10 713.23 Comparative Example 3 705.33 Comparative Example 11 671.38 Comparative Example 4 710.84 Control group 643.12 Comparative Example 5 702.47

[0124] As can be seen from Table 1, the fertilizers obtained by this application can significantly increase the rice yield. By comparing Examples 1 to 3 with Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that when the materials of the slow-release fertilizer are the same but the preparation methods are different, it has an important impact on the rice yield. The reason may be that when using plant ash as the raw material for the preparation carrier, it reacts with plant ash under the action of the moisture provided by spray granulation, which helps to form micropores inside the carrier. After the slow-release fertilizer is applied to the soil, under the action of moisture, the nutrients loaded on the carrier are gradually released, so that only one application of fertilizer can ensure all the nutrients for rice growth. In Comparative Example 1, the raw materials for preparing the fertilizer core and the raw materials for preparing the carrier were mixed simultaneously to prepare the fertilizer. Although it is also coated with an outer layer and can achieve a certain degree of slow-release effect, when the coating is completely decomposed, all the nutrients are released into the soil at the same time. However, due to the side-dressing method, the seedlings are prevented from being burned due to the application of a large amount of nutrients. However, since the amount of fertilizer required in different growth periods of rice is different, when fertilizing with the fertilizer obtained by the method of Comparative Example 1, it is necessary to top-dress the fertilizer once in the later growth stage. If no top-dressing is carried out, the yield is 584.21 kg / mu.

[0125] By comparing Example 1 with Comparative Examples 2 to 5, it can be seen that whether changing the degree of carrier crushing or the ratio of carrier composition will affect the rice yield. The reason is analyzed as follows: too large or too small degree of carrier crushing, as well as the raw material ratio, will affect the micropores of the obtained carrier, and then affect the loading capacity and release degree of the carrier for the fertilizer core. A small degree of crushing or a reduced ratio (Comparative Example 5) results in large micropores in the prepared carrier, accelerating the release rate of the fertilizer core loaded on the carrier; while a large degree of crushing or an increased ratio (Comparative Example 4) results in small micropores in the obtained carrier, slowing down the release of the fertilizer core loaded on the carrier, ultimately affecting the rice yield.

[0126] By comparing Example 1 with Comparative Examples 6-9, it can be seen that whether changing the composition of the fertilizer core raw materials or changing the ratio of the fertilizer core raw materials will also affect the yield of rice. It shows that the slow-release fertilizer prepared in this application can effectively increase the yield of rice.

[0127] By comparing Example 1 with Comparative Examples 10-11, it can be seen that the amount of coating material also has an impact on the yield of rice. Analyzing the reason, the amount of coating material affects the thickness of the coating, and then affects the slow-release degree of the fertilizer. Using the coating amount in the invention can make the slow-release fertilizer release effectively and slowly, promote the growth of rice, and increase the yield of rice.

[0128] Experimental Example 2

[0129] At the experimental base of Yangzhou University (Changshu) Modern Agricultural Development Research Institute Co., Ltd., using the slow-release fertilizer obtained by the method of Example 1 as the fertilizer, planting rice (Nanjing 46) according to the planting methods of Examples 4-6 and Comparative Examples 12-14 as the experimental group, and using the traditional planting method of Nanjing 46 as the control group, and other field management measures were carried out according to the conventional methods. Comparing the effects of different planting methods on the yield of rice, the results are shown in Table 2.

[0130] Table 2 Effects of different planting methods on the yield of rice

[0131] Test group Yield kg / mu Test group Yield kg / mu Example 4 748.65 Comparative Example 12 662.45 Example 5 741.11 Comparative Example 13 698.94 Example 6 735.23 Comparative Example 14 717.41 Control group 631.12

[0132] As can be seen from Table 2, using the cultivation method disclosed in this application can effectively increase the yield of rice. By comparing Example 4 with Comparative Example 12, it can be seen that after film mulching, the yield of rice can be effectively increased. Analyzing the reason, the film mulching reduces the evaporation of soil moisture and promotes root development; after laying the degradable film, it blocks the light, inhibits the growth of weeds, reduces the use of herbicides, and reduces the loss of fertilizer through physical barrier, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the yield of rice.

[0133] By analyzing Example 4 with Comparative Example 13 and Comparative Example 14, it can be seen that when the slow-release fertilizer is applied as basal fertilizer into the field or the slow-release fertilizer is applied at a distance far from the rice roots, compared with the control group, although the yield can be increased, not all the nutrients in the slow-release fertilizer can be provided for the growth needs of rice, resulting in a decrease in yield compared with the examples. It shows that the depth of fertilization has an important impact on the utilization rate of slow-release fertilizer by rice.

[0134] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and retouches can be made, and these improvements and retouches should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A slow-release fertilizer special for rice, characterized in that, The slow-release fertilizer for rice comprises a fertilizer core and a carrier. The fertilizer core comprises raw materials in the following parts by mass: 40-80 parts of waste mushroom sticks, 30-50 parts of soybean meal, 30-50 parts of rice straw, 20-40 parts of rice bran, 3-5 parts of Artemisia annua residue, and 1-3 parts of EM bacterial agent; The carrier is composed of plant ash, tea seed cake, baking soda and paddy soil in a mass ratio of 1:0.2-0.6:0.2-0.6:2-4.

2. The slow-release fertilizer for rice according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fertilizer core is in liquid form; the preparation method of the fertilizer core is as follows: other raw materials except the EM bacterial agent are crushed and mixed to obtain a mixture; the mixture is mixed with water, the EM bacterial agent is added, fermentation is carried out, the fermentation broth is collected and concentrated to obtain the fertilizer core.

3. The slow-release fertilizer for rice according to claim 2, wherein The mass-volume ratio of the mixture to water is 1 g: 3-7 mL.

4. The slow-release fertilizer for rice according to claim 2, characterized in that, The temperature of the fermentation is 28-32 °C, and the time of the fermentation is 2-6 d.

5. The slow-release fertilizer for rice according to claim 2, characterized in that, The temperature of the concentration is 45-55 °C, and the volume of the concentration is 2 / 5-3 / 5 of the original volume.

6. The slow-release fertilizer for rice according to claim 2, wherein The mass-volume ratio of the carrier to the fertilizer core is 1 g: 0.5-2 mL.

7. A preparation method of a slow-release fertilizer special for rice, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (7.1) Mix the plant ash, tea seed cake, baking soda and paddy soil described in claim 1, carry out spray granulation and drying to obtain the carrier; (7.2) Mix the carrier obtained in step (7.1) with the fertilizer core to obtain the fertilizer; (7.3) Carry out coating treatment on the fertilizer obtained in step (7.2) to obtain the slow-release fertilizer for rice.

8. A method for green and high-yield cultivation of rice, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (8.1) After the field is deeply plowed, exposed to the sun and harrowed, irrigate and soak for 1-2 d, and cover the film after the slurry has settled; (8.2) In the field covered with the film, adopt the method of side deep fertilization, and apply the slow-release fertilizer described in claim 1 at a distance of 5-10 cm from the root system of the seedling and 5-10 cm deep from the ground surface of the field; (8.3) Carry out field management until harvest.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein The film used for covering the film is a biodegradable plastic film.

10. The method according to claim 8, wherein The application rate of the slow-release fertilizer is 30-70 kg / mu.