Lightweight wear-resistant polyester fiber and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a light wear-resistant polyester fiber and a preparation method thereof, the polyester fiber has a skin-core structure, a skin layer component in the skin-core structure is modified mica, modified silicon dioxide and polyester, and a core layer component in the skin-core structure is polyester. The modified mica and the modified silicon dioxide are added into the skin layer polyester fiber, the modified silicon dioxide forms a hydrophobic layer with a low friction coefficient on the surface of the fiber, and adhesive wear is reduced through the'molecular ball 'effect; the modified mica sheet prolongs a crack propagation path through crack deflection and a bridging mechanism so as to disperse macroscopic stress, and the modified mica sheet and the macroscopic stress cooperate with each other to improve the wear resistance of the polyester fiber.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of textile materials, and particularly to a lightweight and wear-resistant polyester fiber and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As the synthetic fiber variety with the largest global output, polyester fiber has become an indispensable basic material in the textile industry and the field of engineering materials by virtue of its excellent mechanical strength, good thermal stability, and outstanding chemical corrosion resistance. In the clothing field, its wrinkle-resistant and shape-retaining characteristics significantly improve the durability of finished garments; in industrial applications, from conveyor belt substrates to tire cord fabrics, from geotextiles to filter materials, the application scope of polyester fiber continues to expand. However, with the continuous improvement of material performance requirements in modern industry, the limitations of traditional polyester fiber in specific application scenarios are gradually emerging. In terms of wear resistance, the abrasion index of conventional polyester fiber is difficult to meet the requirements of high-intensity friction scenarios. After 5000 times of wear resistance tests, obvious fuzzing occurs on traditional polyester, resulting in the loss of fiber diameter. In the field of outdoor equipment, products such as climbing ropes and tactical backpacks need to withstand compound wear such as rock friction and equipment scraping, and the limited wear resistance times of traditional polyester often lead to shortened equipment life. Currently, the materials science community is seeking breakthroughs through ways such as molecular structure modification, fiber morphology innovation, and nanocomposite technology. Therefore, the development of a lightweight and wear-resistant polyester fiber has become a research hotspot in the field. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Technical problems to be solved: The present invention provides a lightweight and wear-resistant polyester fiber and a preparation method thereof, preparing a polyester fiber with a skin-core structure, and endowing the polyester fiber with wear resistance by adding modified silica and modified mica to the skin layer and supplemented with a dynamic cooling process.

[0004] Technical solutions: A lightweight and wear-resistant polyester fiber, the polyester fiber has a skin-core structure, the skin layer components in the skin-core structure are modified mica, modified silica, and polyester, and the core layer components in the skin-core structure are polyester. Preferably, the preparation method includes the following steps: S1. Mix and granulate modified mica, modified silica, and polyester chips, and obtain a composite modified polyester core layer material by mixing and granulating in a twin-screw extruder; S2. Use the composite modified polyester core layer material obtained in S1 and polyester chips for two-component melt spinning, and obtain a lightweight and wear-resistant polyester fiber after extrusion and dynamic grading cooling. Preferably, the mass ratio of modified mica, modified silica, and polyester chips in S1 is 1-3:2-5:100. Preferably, the preparation of the modified mica in S1 comprises the following steps: S11. Disperse mica with a sheet diameter of 1 - 5 μm in a hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 1 - 1.5 mol / L. The solid-liquid ratio of mica to the hydrochloric acid solution is 1:15 - 25, and then stir at 40 - 60 °C for 1 - 2 h; S12. Disperse the mica obtained in S11 in a lignosulfonate / acetic acid solution. The solid-liquid ratio of mica to the lignosulfonate / acetic acid solution is 1:20 - 25, and then stir at a constant temperature of 70 - 80 °C for 2 - 4 h; S13. Add the mica obtained in S12 to the hydrolysis solution of silane coupling agent KH570, and stir at 50 - 70 °C for 1 - 2 h to obtain modified mica. Preferably, the preparation of the modified silica in S1 comprises the following steps: S21. Add 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to a mixed solution of perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid and 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene with a volume ratio of 1:5 - 8, then add dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and then react at 40 - 60 °C for 8 - 12 h under nitrogen protection to obtain perfluoropolyether-siloxane; S22. Immerse silica particles with a particle size of 20 - 30 nm in a hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 1 - 1.5 mol / L for activation, and then disperse the activated silica particles in water to obtain a silica particle suspension with a mass fraction of 4 - 8 wt%; S23. Add the perfluoropolyether-siloxane obtained in S21, the silica suspension obtained in S22, and acetic anhydride to a toluene solution. The mass-volume ratio of perfluoropolyether-siloxane to the toluene solution is 1:10 - 15, and the addition amount of acetic anhydride is 0.5 - 1.2 wt% of perfluoropolyether-siloxane. React under nitrogen protection at 60 - 80 °C by reflux for 18 - 24 h to obtain modified silica. Preferably, the temperature of the skin layer melt in S2 is 280 - 290 °C, and the temperature of the core layer melt is 270 - 280 °C. Preferably, the dynamic hierarchical cooling in S2 comprises primary cooling and secondary cooling; The primary cooling uses a temperature of 10 - 20 °C, a wind speed of 10 - 20 m / s, and a cooling time of 1 - 3 s; The secondary cooling uses a humid heat steam with a temperature of 70 - 90 °C and a humidity of 80 - 95%, and a cooling time of 6 - 10 s. Preferably, the mass fraction of the lignosulfonate / acetic acid buffer solution in S12 is 10 - 18 wt%, and the pH is 3.5 - 5.5. Preferably, the mass fraction of the hydrolysis solution of silane coupling agent KH570 in S13 is 30 - 45 wt%, the pH is 3.5 - 5.5, and the solvent of the hydrolysis solution is a mixed solution of ethanol and water with a volume ratio of 3 - 6:1. Preferably, in S21, the molar ratio of the perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid to 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 1:1.2 to 1.5; In S21, the volume ratio of the perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid to 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene is 1:5 to 8; In S21, the addition amount of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is 0.3 to 0.5 wt% of the mass of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Beneficial effects: The present invention has the following advantages: 1. In the present invention, lignosulfonate and the hydrolyzate of silane coupling agent KH570 are used to modify mica. The anionic groups of lignosulfonate chelate with the cationic groups between the mica layers, weakening the interlayer electrostatic attraction, thereby promoting the expansion of the interlayer spacing; while the silanol groups generated by the hydrolysis of silane coupling agent KH570 form hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups on the mica surface and form covalent bonds during the subsequent melt spinning process, ensuring the stability of the mica interlayer structure; in addition, the active groups at the other end of silane coupling agent KH570 form chemical bonding with the ester groups of polyester, ensuring the stability of the fiber structure; 2. In the present invention, perfluoropolyether-siloxane is used to modify silica. The siloxane groups of perfluoropolyether-siloxane condense with the hydroxyl groups on the silica surface. The modified silica is uniformly dispersed in the polyester matrix and restricts the slippage of molecular chains through physical cross-linking points, that is, the hydrogen bonds formed between the terminal amino group (-NH2) of perfluoropolyether-siloxane and the ester group (-COO-) of polyester, reducing the plastic deformation of the fiber during friction; in addition, the high bond energy of the C-F bond in the perfluoropolyether segment forms a rigid molecular chain, which preferentially bears the shear force during friction and reduces the direct contact between polyester fibers; the two cooperate with each other to jointly improve the wear resistance of polyester fibers; 3. In the present invention, dynamic hierarchical cooling is adopted. The first-stage cooling uses high-speed cold air at 10 to 20 °C to quickly solidify the melt in a short time to form a high-viscosity "glass state" surface layer. The modified silica and modified mica are fixed in the outer layer region of the cortex due to the limited Brownian motion, forming a concentration gradient that gradually decreases from the outside to the inside. The high concentration of nanoparticles in the outer layer makes it have a high surface hardness and can also avoid excessive stress concentration; the second-stage cooling uses humid heat steam at 70 to 90 °C to extend the crystallization time window of the core layer melt, promoting the orderly arrangement of polyester molecular chains to form a high-crystalline structure; the dynamic cooling locks the cortex structure through the first-stage cooling, and the second-stage slow cooling softens the molecular chains on the surface of the core layer through the humid heat environment, promoting the molecular interpenetration and physical entanglement between the cortex and the core layer, and avoiding the interface delamination between the cortex and the core layer; 4. In the present invention, modified mica and modified silica are added to cortical polyester fibers. The modified SiO2 forms a hydrophobic layer with a low friction coefficient on the fiber surface, reducing adhesive wear through the "molecular ball bearing" effect; the modified mica flakes extend the crack propagation path through crack deflection and bridging mechanisms to disperse macroscopic stress. The two work synergistically to improve the wear resistance of polyester fibers. Detailed implementation manners The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments. The following embodiments are explanations of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments: Silica was purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd., mica was purchased from China Crystal New Materials, silica was purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., and polyester was purchased from China Resources Chemical Materials Technology Co., Ltd. Embodiment 1 A lightweight wear-resistant polyester fiber, the polyester fiber has a skin-core structure, the cortical component in the skin-core structure is modified mica, modified silica and polyester, and the core component in the skin-core structure is polyester. Among them, the preparation method includes the following steps: S1. Mix and granulate modified mica, modified silica and polyester chips with a mass ratio of 1:2:100, and mix and granulate in a twin-screw extruder to obtain a composite modified polyester core layer material; S2. Use the composite modified polyester core layer material obtained in S1 and polyester chips for two-component melt spinning. The temperature of the cortical melt is 280 °C, the temperature of the core melt is 270 °C, and after extrusion, it is dynamically classified and cooled to obtain a lightweight wear-resistant polyester fiber. The dynamic classification and cooling include primary cooling and secondary cooling. The primary cooling uses a temperature of 10 °C, a wind speed of 10 m / s, and a cooling time of 1 s. The secondary cooling uses a humid heat steam with a temperature of 70 °C and a humidity of 80%, and a cooling time of 6 s. Among them, the preparation of the modified mica in S1 includes the following steps: S11. Disperse mica with a sheet diameter of 1 μm in a hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 1 mol / L. The solid-liquid ratio of mica to the hydrochloric acid solution is 1:15, and then stir at 40 °C for 1 h; S12. Disperse the mica obtained in S11 in a lignosulfonate / acetic acid solution. The solid-liquid ratio of mica to the lignosulfonate / acetic acid solution is 1:20, the mass fraction of the lignosulfonate / acetic acid buffer solution is 10 wt%, and the pH is 3.5. Then stir at a constant temperature of 70 °C for 2 h; S13. Add the mica obtained in S12 to the hydrolysis solution of the silane coupling agent KH570. The mass fraction of the hydrolysis solution of the silane coupling agent KH570 is 30 wt%, the pH is 3.5, and the solvent of the hydrolysis solution is a mixed solution of ethanol and water with a volume ratio of 3:1. Then stir at 50 °C for 1 h to obtain modified mica. Among them, the preparation of the modified silica in S1 includes the following steps: S21. Add 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to a mixed solution of perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid and 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene with a volume ratio of 1:5. The molar ratio of perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid to 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 1:1.2. Subsequently, add dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The volume ratio of perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid to 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene is 1:5. The addition amount of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in S21 is 0.3 wt% of the mass of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Subsequently, react at 40 °C for 8 h under nitrogen protection to obtain perfluoropolyether-siloxane; S22. Immerse silica particles with a particle size of 20 nm in a hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 1 mol / L for activation. Subsequently, disperse the activated silica particles in water to obtain a silica particle suspension with a mass fraction of 4 wt%; S23. Add the perfluoropolyether-siloxane obtained in S21, the silica suspension obtained in S22, and acetic anhydride to a toluene solution. The mass-volume ratio of perfluoropolyether-siloxane to the toluene solution is 1:10. The addition amount of acetic anhydride is 0.5 wt% of perfluoropolyether-siloxane. React under reflux at 60 °C for 18 h under nitrogen protection to obtain modified silica. Example 2 A lightweight and wear-resistant polyester fiber. The polyester fiber has a skin-core structure. The skin component in the skin-core structure is modified mica, modified silica, and polyester, and the core component in the skin-core structure is polyester. Among them, the preparation method includes the following steps: S1. Mix and granulate modified mica, modified silica, and polyester chips with a mass ratio of 3:5:100, and mix and granulate in a twin-screw extruder to obtain a composite modified polyester core layer material; S2. Use the composite modified polyester core layer material obtained in S1 and polyester chips for bicomponent melt spinning. The temperature of the skin melt is 290 °C, and the temperature of the core melt is 280 °C. After extrusion, lightweight and wear-resistant polyester fibers are obtained through dynamic hierarchical cooling. Dynamic hierarchical cooling includes primary cooling and secondary cooling. The primary cooling uses a temperature of 20 °C, a wind speed of 20 m / s, and a cooling time of 3 s. The secondary cooling uses humid heat steam with a temperature of 90 °C and a humidity of 95%, and the cooling time is 10 s. Among them, the preparation of the modified mica in S1 includes the following steps: S11. Disperse mica with a sheet diameter of 5 μm in a hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 1.5 mol / L. The solid-liquid ratio of mica to the hydrochloric acid solution is 1:25. Subsequently, stir at 60 °C for 2 h; S12. Disperse the mica obtained in S11 in a lignosulfonate / acetic acid solution. The solid-liquid ratio of mica to the lignosulfonate / acetic acid solution is 1:25. The mass fraction of the lignosulfonate / acetic acid buffer solution is 18 wt%, and the pH is 5.5. Then, stir at a constant temperature of 80 °C for 4 h. S13. Add the mica obtained in S12 to the hydrolysis solution of silane coupling agent KH570. The mass fraction of the hydrolysis solution of silane coupling agent KH570 is 45 wt%, and the pH is 5.5. The solvent of the hydrolysis solution is a mixed solution of ethanol and water with a volume ratio of 6:1. Then, stir at 70 °C for 2 h to obtain modified mica. Among them, the preparation of the modified silica in S1 includes the following steps: S21. Add 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to a mixed solution of perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid and 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene with a volume ratio of 1:6. The molar ratio of perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid to 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 1:11.5. Then, add dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The volume ratio of perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid to 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene is 1:8, and the addition amount of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is 0.5 wt% of the mass of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Then, react at 60 °C for 12 h under nitrogen protection to obtain perfluoropolyether-siloxane. S22. Immerse the silica particles with a particle size of 30 nm in a hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 1.5 mol / L for activation. Then, disperse the activated silica particles in water to obtain a silica particle suspension with a mass fraction of 8 wt%. S23. Add the perfluoropolyether-siloxane obtained in S21, the silica suspension obtained in S22, and acetic anhydride to a toluene solution. The mass-volume ratio of perfluoropolyether-siloxane to the toluene solution is 1:15, and the addition amount of acetic anhydride is 1.2 wt% of perfluoropolyether-siloxane. React under reflux at 80 °C for 24 h under nitrogen protection to obtain modified silica. Example 3 A lightweight and wear-resistant polyester fiber. The polyester fiber has a skin-core structure. The cortical component in the skin-core structure is modified mica, modified silica, and polyester, and the core component in the skin-core structure is polyester. Among them, the preparation method includes the following steps: S! Mix and granulate modified mica, modified silica, and polyester chips with a mass ratio of 2:3:100 in a twin-screw extruder to obtain a composite modified polyester core layer material. S2. Use the composite modified polyester core layer material obtained in S1 and polyester chips for two-component melt spinning. The temperature of the skin layer melt is 285 °C, and the temperature of the core layer melt is 275 °C. After extrusion, lightweight wear-resistant polyester fibers are obtained through dynamic gradient cooling, which includes primary cooling and secondary cooling. The primary cooling uses a temperature of 15 °C, a wind speed of 15 m / s, and a cooling time of 2 s. The secondary cooling uses humid heat steam with a temperature of 85 °C and a humidity of 90%, and a cooling time of 8 s. Among them, the preparation of the modified mica in S1 includes the following steps: S11. Disperse mica with a sheet diameter of 4 μm in a hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 1.5 mol / L. The solid-liquid ratio of mica to the hydrochloric acid solution is 1:18, and then stir at 50 °C for 1.5 h; S12. Disperse the mica obtained in S11 in a lignosulfonate / acetic acid solution. The solid-liquid ratio of mica to the lignosulfonate / acetic acid solution is 1:22. The mass fraction of the lignosulfonate / acetic acid buffer solution is 15 wt% and the pH is 4, and then stir at a constant temperature of 75 °C for 3 h; S13. Add the mica obtained in S12 to the hydrolysis solution of the silane coupling agent KH570. The mass fraction of the hydrolysis solution of the silane coupling agent KH570 is 35 wt% and the pH is 5. The solvent of the hydrolysis solution is a mixed solution of ethanol and water with a volume ratio of 4:1. Stir at 55 °C for 1.5 h to obtain modified mica. Among them, the preparation of the modified silica in S1 includes the following steps: S21. Add 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to a mixed solution of perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid and 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene with a volume ratio of 1:5. The molar ratio of perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid to 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 1:1.4, and then add dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The volume ratio of perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid to 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene is 1:6, and the addition amount of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is 0.4 wt% of the mass of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Then react at 55 °C for 10 h under nitrogen protection to obtain perfluoropolyether-siloxane; S22. Immerse silica particles with a particle size of 28 nm in a hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 1.4 mol / L for activation, and then disperse the activated silica particles in water to obtain a silica particle suspension with a mass fraction of 5 wt%; S23. Add the perfluoropolyether-siloxane obtained in S21, the silica suspension obtained in S22, and acetic anhydride to a toluene solution. The mass-volume ratio of perfluoropolyether-siloxane to the toluene solution is 1:14, and the addition amount of acetic anhydride is 0.8 wt% of perfluoropolyether-siloxane. React under nitrogen protection at 70 °C with reflux for 20 h to obtain modified silica. Example 4 A lightweight and wear-resistant polyester fiber, the polyester fiber having a skin-core structure, wherein the skin component in the skin-core structure is modified mica, modified silica, and polyester, and the core component in the skin-core structure is polyester. Wherein, the preparation method comprises the following steps: S1. Mix and granulate modified mica, modified silica, and polyester chips with a mass ratio of 2:5:100, and mix and granulate in a twin-screw extruder to obtain a composite modified polyester core layer material; S2. Use the composite modified polyester core layer material obtained in S1 and polyester chips for bicomponent melt spinning. The temperature of the skin melt is 288 °C, and the temperature of the core melt is 275 °C. After extrusion, lightweight and wear-resistant polyester fibers are obtained through dynamic hierarchical cooling. The dynamic hierarchical cooling includes primary cooling and secondary cooling. The primary cooling uses a temperature of 15 °C, a wind speed of 15 m / s, and a cooling time of 2 s. The secondary cooling uses hot and humid steam with a temperature of 85 °C and a humidity of 80%, and a cooling time of 8 s. Wherein, the preparation of the modified mica in S1 comprises the following steps: S11. Disperse mica with a sheet diameter of 4 μm in a hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 1.4 mol / L. The solid-liquid ratio of mica to the hydrochloric acid solution is 1:22, and then stir at 55 °C for 1.5 h; S12. Disperse the mica obtained in S11 in a lignosulfonate / acetic acid solution. The solid-liquid ratio of mica to the lignosulfonate / acetic acid solution is 1:22. The mass fraction of the lignosulfonate / acetic acid buffer solution is 15 wt% and the pH is 4, and then stir at a constant temperature of 80 °C for 3 h; S13. Add the mica obtained in S12 to a hydrolysis solution of silane coupling agent KH570. The mass fraction of the hydrolysis solution of silane coupling agent KH570 is 42 wt% and the pH is 4.5. The solvent of the hydrolysis solution is a mixed solution of ethanol and water with a volume ratio of 5:1, and stir at 65 °C for 1.5 h to obtain modified mica. Wherein, the preparation of the modified silica in S1 comprises the following steps: S21. Add 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to a mixed solution of perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid and 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene with a volume ratio of 1:7. The molar ratio of perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid to 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 1:1.3, and then add dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The volume ratio of perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid to 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene is 1:7, and the addition amount of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is 0.5 wt% of the mass of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Then react at 45 °C for 10 h under nitrogen protection to obtain perfluoropolyether-siloxane; S22. Immerse silica particles with a particle size of 24 nm in a hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 1.4 mol / L for activation, and then disperse the activated silica particles in water to obtain a silica particle suspension with a mass fraction of 4 wt%; S23. Add the perfluoropolyether-siloxane obtained in S21, the silica suspension obtained in S22, and acetic anhydride into a toluene solution. The mass-volume ratio of the perfluoropolyether-siloxane to the toluene solution is 1:14, and the addition amount of acetic anhydride is 0.9 wt% of the perfluoropolyether-siloxane. React under nitrogen protection by refluxing at 75 °C for 22 h to obtain modified silica. Example 5 A lightweight and wear-resistant polyester fiber, the polyester fiber has a skin-core structure, the cortical component in the skin-core structure is modified mica, modified silica, and polyester, and the core component in the skin-core structure is polyester. Among them, the preparation method includes the following steps: S1. Mix and granulate modified mica, modified silica, and polyester chips with a mass ratio of 3:2:100, and mix and granulate in a twin-screw extruder to obtain a composite modified polyester core layer material; S2. Use the composite modified polyester core layer material obtained in S1 and polyester chips for bicomponent melt spinning. The temperature of the cortical melt is 285 °C, and the temperature of the core melt is 275 °C. After extrusion, lightweight and wear-resistant polyester fibers are obtained by dynamic hierarchical cooling. The dynamic hierarchical cooling includes primary cooling and secondary cooling. The primary cooling uses a temperature of 15 °C, a wind speed of 20 m / s, and a cooling time of 3 s. The secondary cooling uses humid heat steam with a temperature of 88 °C and a humidity of 92%, and the cooling time is 8 s. Among them, the preparation of the modified mica in S1 includes the following steps: S11. Disperse mica with a sheet diameter of 4 μm in a hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 1.3 mol / L. The solid-liquid ratio of mica to the hydrochloric acid solution is 1:22, and then stir at 55 °C for 1.8 h; S12. Disperse the mica obtained in S11 in a lignosulfonate / acetic acid solution. The solid-liquid ratio of mica to the lignosulfonate / acetic acid solution is 1:22. The mass fraction of the lignosulfonate / acetic acid buffer solution is 15 wt% and the pH is 4. Then stir at a constant temperature of 75 °C for 2 h; S13. Add the mica obtained in S12 to a hydrolysis solution of silane coupling agent KH570. The mass fraction of the hydrolysis solution of silane coupling agent KH570 is 35 wt% and the pH is 4. The solvent of the hydrolysis solution is a mixed solution of ethanol and water with a volume ratio of 5:1. Stir at 65 °C for 1.5 h to obtain modified mica. Among them, the preparation of the modified silica in S1 includes the following steps: S21. Add 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to a mixed solution of perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid and 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene with a volume ratio of 1:7. The molar ratio of perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid to 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 1:1.4. Subsequently, add dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The volume ratio of perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid to 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene is 1:6, and the addition amount of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is 0.4 wt% of the mass of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Subsequently, react at 55 °C for 12 h under nitrogen protection to obtain perfluoropolyether-siloxane; S22. Immerse silica particles with a particle size of 26 nm in a hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 1.3 mol / L for activation. Subsequently, disperse the activated silica particles in water to obtain a silica particle suspension with a mass fraction of 6 wt%; S23. Add the perfluoropolyether-siloxane obtained in S21, the silica suspension obtained in S22, and acetic anhydride to a toluene solution. The mass-volume ratio of perfluoropolyether-siloxane to the toluene solution is 1:12, and the addition amount of acetic anhydride is 0.9 wt% of perfluoropolyether-siloxane. React under reflux at 80 °C for 20 h under nitrogen protection to obtain modified silica. Example 6 A lightweight and wear-resistant polyester fiber, characterized in that: the polyester fiber has a skin-core structure, the skin component in the skin-core structure is modified mica, modified silica and polyester, and the core component in the skin-core structure is polyester. Among them, the preparation method includes the following steps: S1. Mix and granulate modified mica, modified silica and polyester chips with a mass ratio of 3:2:100, and mix and granulate in a twin-screw extruder to obtain a composite modified polyester core layer material; S2. Use the composite modified polyester core layer material obtained in S1 and polyester chips for bicomponent melt spinning. The temperature of the skin melt is 285 °C, and the temperature of the core melt is 275 °C. After extrusion, lightweight and wear-resistant polyester fibers are obtained by dynamic hierarchical cooling. The dynamic hierarchical cooling includes primary cooling and secondary cooling. The primary cooling uses a temperature of 18 °C, a wind speed of 15 m / s, and a cooling time of 2 s. The secondary cooling uses a humid heat steam with a temperature of 80 °C and a humidity of 80%, and the cooling time is 8 s. Among them, the preparation of the modified mica in S1 includes the following steps: S11. Disperse mica with a sheet diameter of 4 μm in a hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 1.4 mol / L. The solid-liquid ratio of mica to the hydrochloric acid solution is 1:20, and then stir at 55 °C for 1.5 h; S12. Disperse the mica obtained in S11 in a lignosulfonate / acetic acid solution. The solid-liquid ratio of mica to the lignosulfonate / acetic acid solution is 1:25. The mass fraction of the lignosulfonate / acetic acid buffer solution is 15 wt% and the pH is 4.5. Then, stir at a constant temperature of 75 °C for 3 h; S13. Add the mica obtained in S12 to the hydrolysis solution of silane coupling agent KH570. The mass fraction of the hydrolysis solution of silane coupling agent KH570 is 35 wt% and the pH is 3.5. The solvent of the hydrolysis solution is a mixed solution of ethanol and water with a volume ratio of 5:1. Stir at 65 °C for 1.8 h to obtain modified mica. Among them, the preparation of the modified silica in S1 includes the following steps: S21. Add 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to a mixed solution of perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid and 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene with a volume ratio of 1:6. The molar ratio of perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid to 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 1:1.4. Then add dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The volume ratio of perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid to 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene is 1:6. The addition amount of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in S21 is 0.4 wt% of the mass of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Then react at 55 °C for 10 h under nitrogen protection to obtain perfluoropolyether-siloxane; S22. Immerse the silica particles with a particle size of 25 nm in a hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 1.4 mol / L for activation. Then disperse the activated silica particles in water to obtain a silica particle suspension with a mass fraction of 5 wt%; S23. Add the perfluoropolyether-siloxane obtained in S21, the silica suspension obtained in S22, and acetic anhydride to a toluene solution. The mass-volume ratio of perfluoropolyether-siloxane to the toluene solution is 1:12. The addition amount of acetic anhydride is 1.0 wt% of perfluoropolyether-siloxane. React under reflux at 70 °C for 20 h under nitrogen protection to obtain modified silica. Example 7 A lightweight and wear-resistant polyester fiber. The polyester fiber has a skin-core structure. The skin component in the skin-core structure is modified mica, modified silica, and polyester. The core component in the skin-core structure is polyester. Among them, the preparation method includes the following steps: S1. Mix and granulate modified mica, modified silica, and polyester chips with a mass ratio of 3:5:100, and mix and granulate in a twin-screw extruder to obtain a composite modified polyester core layer material; S2. Use the composite modified polyester core layer material obtained in S1 and polyester chips for two-component melt spinning. The temperature of the skin layer melt is 285°C, and the temperature of the core layer melt is 275°C. After extrusion, lightweight wear-resistant polyester fibers are obtained through dynamic hierarchical cooling. The dynamic hierarchical cooling includes primary cooling and secondary cooling. The primary cooling uses a temperature of 15°C, a wind speed of 18 m / s, and a cooling time of 2 s. The secondary cooling uses humid heat steam with a temperature of 85°C and a humidity of 95%, and the cooling time is 9 s. Among them, the preparation of the modified mica in S1 includes the following steps: S11. Disperse mica with a sheet diameter of 4 μm in a hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 1.2 mol / L. The solid-liquid ratio of mica to the hydrochloric acid solution is 1:20, and then stir at 55°C for 1.5 h; S12. Disperse the mica obtained in S11 in a lignosulfonate / acetic acid solution. The solid-liquid ratio of mica to the lignosulfonate / acetic acid solution is 1:22. The mass fraction of the lignosulfonate / acetic acid buffer solution is 15 wt% and the pH is 5. Then stir at a constant temperature of 75°C for 3 h; S13. Add the mica obtained in S12 to the hydrolysis solution of silane coupling agent KH570. The mass fraction of the hydrolysis solution of silane coupling agent KH570 is 45 wt% and the pH is 5.5. The solvent of the hydrolysis solution is a mixed solution of ethanol and water with a volume ratio of 4:1. Stir at 60°C for 1 h to obtain modified mica. Among them, the preparation of the modified silica in S1 includes the following steps: S21. Add 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to a mixed solution of perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid and 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene with a volume ratio of 1:6. The molar ratio of perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid to 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 1:1.2. Then add dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The volume ratio of perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid to 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene is 1:6. The addition amount of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is 0.4 wt% of the mass of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Then react at 50°C for 10 h under nitrogen protection to obtain perfluoropolyether-siloxane; S22. Immerse silica particles with a particle size of 25 nm in a hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 1.4 mol / L for activation. Then disperse the activated silica particles in water to obtain a silica particle suspension with a mass fraction of 6 wt%; S23. Add the perfluoropolyether-siloxane obtained in S21, the silica suspension obtained in S22, and acetic anhydride to a toluene solution. The mass-volume ratio of perfluoropolyether-siloxane to the toluene solution is 1:14. The addition amount of acetic anhydride is 0.9 wt% of perfluoropolyether-siloxane. React under reflux at 70°C for 22 h under nitrogen protection to obtain modified silica. Comparative Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 7 is that no modified mica was added in S1. Comparative Example 2 The difference between this comparative example and Example 7 is that no modified silica was added in S1. Comparative Example 3 The difference between this comparative example and Example 7 is that neither modified mica nor modified silica was added in S1. Comparative Example 4 The difference between this comparative example and Example 7 is that the preparation of the modified mica in S1 includes the following steps: S11. Dispersed mica with a sheet diameter of 4 μm in a hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 1.2 mol / L. The solid-liquid ratio of mica to the hydrochloric acid solution is 1:20, and then stirred at 55 °C for 1.5 h; S12. Dispersed the mica obtained in S11 in a lignosulfonate / acetic acid solution. The solid-liquid ratio of mica to the lignosulfonate / acetic acid solution is 1:22. The mass fraction of the lignosulfonate / acetic acid buffer solution is 15 wt% and the pH is 5. Then, stirred at a constant temperature of 75 °C for 3 h to obtain modified mica. Comparative Example 5 The difference between this comparative example and Example 7 is that only primary cooling was used in S2. Comparative Example 6 The difference between this comparative example and Example 7 is that only secondary cooling was used in S2. For the abrasion resistance test of the performance test examples and comparative examples, refer to "GB / T 21196 Determination of the abrasion resistance of textiles - Martindale method". Obviously, the above examples are only for clear illustration and not limitations on the implementation manners. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or variations can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation manners here. And the obvious changes or variations derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lightweight and wear-resistant polyester fiber, characterized in that: The polyester fiber has a skin-core structure. The skin component in the skin-core structure is modified mica, modified silica, and polyester, and the core component in the skin-core structure is polyester.

2. The preparation method of the light-weight wear-resistant polyester fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method includes the following steps: S1. Mix and granulate modified mica, modified silica, and polyester chips, and mix and granulate in a twin-screw extruder to obtain a composite modified polyester core layer material; S2. Use the composite modified polyester core layer material obtained in S1 and polyester chips for bicomponent melt spinning, and after extrusion, obtain lightweight and wear-resistant polyester fibers through dynamic grading cooling.

3. The preparation method of the light-weight wear-resistant polyester fiber according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S1, the mass ratio of modified mica, modified silica, and polyester chips is 1-3:2-5:

100.

4. The preparation method of the light-weight wear-resistant polyester fiber according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preparation of the modified mica in S1 includes the following steps: S11. Disperse mica with a sheet diameter of 1-5 μm in a hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 1-1.5 mol / L. The solid-liquid ratio of mica to the hydrochloric acid solution is 1:15-25, and then stir at 40-60 °C for 1-2 h; S12. Disperse the mica obtained in S11 in a lignosulfonate / acetic acid solution. The solid-liquid ratio of mica to the lignosulfonate / acetic acid solution is 1:20-25, and then stir at a constant temperature of 70-80 °C for 2-4 h; S13. Add the mica obtained in S12 to the hydrolysis solution of silane coupling agent KH570, and stir at 50-70 °C for 1-2 h to obtain modified mica.

5. The preparation method of the light-weight wear-resistant polyester fiber according to claim 2, wherein: The preparation of the modified silica in S1 includes the following steps: S21. Add 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to a mixed solution of perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid and 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene with a volume ratio of 1:5-8, then add dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and then react at 40-60 °C for 8-12 h under nitrogen protection to obtain perfluoropolyether-siloxane; S22. Immerse silica particles with a particle size of 20-30 nm in a hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 1-1.5 mol / L for activation, and then disperse the activated silica particles in water to obtain a silica particle suspension with a mass fraction of 4-8 wt%; S23. Add the perfluoropolyether-siloxane obtained in S21, the silica suspension obtained in S22, and acetic anhydride to a toluene solution. The mass-volume ratio of perfluoropolyether-siloxane to the toluene solution is 1:10-15, and the addition amount of acetic anhydride is 0.5-1.2 wt% of perfluoropolyether-siloxane. React under nitrogen protection at 60-80 °C for 18-24 h to obtain modified silica.

6. The preparation method of the light-weight wear-resistant polyester fiber according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S2, the temperature of the skin melt is 280-290 °C, and the temperature of the core melt is 270-280 °C.

7. The preparation method of the light-weight wear-resistant polyester fiber according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dynamic grading cooling in S2 includes primary cooling and secondary cooling; And / or, the primary cooling uses a temperature of 10-20 °C, a wind speed of 10-20 m / s, and a cooling time of 1-3 s; And / or, the secondary cooling uses humid heat steam with a temperature of 70-90 °C and a humidity of 80-95%, and a cooling time of 6-10 s.

8. The preparation method of the light-weight wear-resistant polyester fiber according to claim 4, characterized in that: In S12, the mass fraction of the lignosulfonate / acetic acid buffer solution is 10-18 wt%, and the pH is 3.5-5.

5.

9. The preparation method of the light-weight wear-resistant polyester fiber according to claim 4, characterized in that: In S13, the mass fraction of the hydrolyzate of silane coupling agent KH570 is 30-45 wt%, the pH is 3.5-5.5, and the solvent of the hydrolyzate is a mixed solution of ethanol and water with a volume ratio of 3-6:

1.

10. The preparation method of the light and wear-resistant polyester fiber according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S21, the molar ratio of perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid to 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 1:1.2-1.5; and / or, in S21, the volume ratio of perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid to 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene is 1:5-8; and / or, in S21, the addition amount of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is 0.3-0.5 wt% of the mass of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane.

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