Multifunctional sponge type ecological slope protection grating and slope protection method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a multifunctional sponge type ecological slope protection grating and a slope protection method thereof, every two same plates form a group, and a plurality of water seepage holes are formed in the bottom edge of each plate along the bottom edge; the bottom edge is laid on the slope surface as a bevel edge; a plurality of groups of plates are connected through sol of adjacent contact vertical edges according to the designed width and are flattened to form a roll type ecological grid product, the roll type ecological grid product can be unfolded on a slope surface to form a plurality of rhombic cylindrical unit structures, the upper surface of each rhombic cylindrical unit structure is horizontal, and the lower surface of each rhombic cylindrical unit structure is an inclined surface; the interior of the rhombic cylindrical structure is hollow and used for planting vegetation for greening after soil filling. The multifunctional sponge type ecological slope protection grating can be unfolded and rolled up during packaging, and a plurality of rhombic cylindrical cavities are automatically formed after the grating is unrolled and unfolded during construction, so that the transportation and installation difficulty is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a multifunctional sponge-type ecological slope protection grid and a slope protection method thereof, belonging to the technical field of ecological slope protection. Background Art

[0002] During the development and construction process of infrastructure industries such as transportation, water conservancy, energy, mining, and municipal administration, large-scale excavation and filling of exposed slopes are inevitable when excavating mountains and filling foundations. If necessary and effective protective measures are not taken in time, serious soil and water loss disasters and geological hazards will be formed, thus having an adverse impact on the regional ecological environment.

[0003] Conventional slope protection technologies such as hexagonal brick grass planting and geocell grass planting all use cement or plastic materials to prefabricate a regular hexagonal or rectangular hollow structure in advance, and then lay it on the slope surface and fill it with soil for grass planting. To a certain extent, this can solve the slope protection problem and provide a growth space for plants. However, in practical engineering, there are often three situations with poor performance. First, after the laying is completed, the surface of the slope is still in a smooth state. When backfilling soil in the structure, it will be affected by gravity during rainfall, and rainwater runoff is likely to occur until the surface is at the same height as the lower edge of the brick or geocell. In severe cases, uneven settlement or even landslide of the soil filled in the brick may occur. Second, when gaps are generated between the soil body and the brick wall, the slope runoff will directly flow into the cushion layer under the brick, thus intensifying the erosion of the slope surface and soil and water loss. Third, the hollow structure space of conventional hexagonal bricks or geocells is limited, the soil filling volume is small, and the water retention performance is poor, often unable to meet the most basic growth conditions of plants. Especially in arid and semi-arid regions in northern China, the rainfall is scarce and unevenly distributed seasonally, and a large number of plants are prone to degradation or even withering, resulting in the re-exposure of the slope surface and making it difficult to achieve the expected ecological restoration effect. In addition, conventional slope protection grass planting technologies often consume a large amount of energy in the whole process from material, preparation, transportation, to installation due to the extensive use of concrete products, increasing a large amount of carbon emissions. At the construction site, due to the "heavy" bricks, it is very laborious and time-consuming to install them uphill, and the production efficiency is low.

[0004] In the past, similar ecological slope protection technologies only adjusted the appearance, materials, and production processes of bricks or cells, with a very limited scope of application. When dealing with various types of slopes in engineering, such as cut rock slopes, soil-rock mixed slopes, soil slopes, piled fill slopes, and highway abutment slopes, etc., they could not be widely promoted and applied. Moreover, the laying of conventional precast brick structures is from bottom to top, layer by layer, with low efficiency. And due to the dimensional deviation in manual masonry, it is very vulnerable to human factors such as setting out, resulting in large deviations after masonry and affecting the engineering use. Therefore, in response to the drawbacks of the above conventional slope protection technologies, a multi-functional sponge-type ecological grid slope protection technology can be adopted to effectively solve various requirements such as rainwater harvesting and utilization on the slope surface, soil and water loss, slope stability protection, and ecological landscape restoration. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a multi-functional sponge-type ecological slope protection grid and its slope protection method, which are applicable to various cut-fill slope ecological protection projects and vegetation landscape reconstruction projects after engineering protection during the development and construction processes of transportation, water conservancy, energy, mining, municipal engineering, etc.

[0006] The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A multi-functional sponge-type ecological slope protection grid, with every two identical plates as a group. Along the bottom edge of each plate, a plurality of water seepage holes are provided; the bottom edge is laid on the slope surface as an inclined edge; and several groups of plates are connected and pressed flat by sol-gel at the adjacent contact vertical edges according to the designed width to form a roll-type ecological grid product. The roll-type ecological grid product can form several diamond-shaped tubular unit structures after three consecutive operations of unrolling and laying flat from top to bottom, rotating 90° upright, and horizontally unfolding on the slope surface. The upper surface of each diamond-shaped tubular unit structure is horizontal, and the lower surface is an inclined surface, and the lower surface is consistent with the slope ratio of the slope surface. The inside of the diamond-shaped tubular structure is hollow for filling soil and planting vegetation for greening;

[0008] The plate is made of a lightweight and moderately hard PE material, and its upper edge is cut straight. The straight cutting includes the upper edge and the open edge in mutually perpendicular directions; the extension line of the bonding edge extends to the bottom edge, and the line segment between the lower end point of the bonding edge and the bottom edge is the inner folding line; the midpoint of the open edge is the starting point, the bottom edge is the end point, and the line segment parallel to the bonding edge is the outer folding line;

[0009] The straight cuts of every two plates in each group coincide, and the bonding edges and inner folding lines of the two plates are respectively bonded and connected to form a bonding seam;

[0010] Each sheet is folded outwards along the outer folding line and inwards along the inner folding line. The open edges of the two sheets between adjacent adhesive seams are folded to form a rhombus, and the part between adjacent adhesive seams is folded to form a cylindrical cavity with a rhombus cross-section for filling soil for greening planting.

[0011] A multifunctional sponge-type ecological slope protection method uses the multifunctional sponge-type ecological slope protection grid described above. The bottom edge is laid along the slope surface, and the cylindrical cavities of the rhombuses of two adjacent grids are arranged at intervals, covering the slope surface and fixed with anchor nails. The cylindrical cavities of the rhombuses are filled with soil for greening planting.

[0012] The multifunctional sponge-type ecological slope protection grid of the present invention is formed by cutting and sol bonding PE or related plates with moderate hardness according to regular broken lines. When packaging, it can be flattened and rolled up. During construction, after unrolling and unfolding, it automatically forms several cylindrical cavities in the shape of a rhombus; the upper surface of the cylindrical cavity in the shape of a rhombus is horizontal, and the lower surface is a bevel with groove sawteeth or a flat surface, and the slope of the lower surface is the same as that of the slope surface of the slope. The inside of the cylindrical cavity in the shape of a rhombus is hollow and can be filled with soil for planting vegetation for greening.

[0013] The generally used PE plates have a thickness of 1 - 5 mm and a width of 100 - 500 cm. After cutting, sol bonding and standing unfolding, the opening side length of the cylindrical cavity in the shape of a rhombus formed is 10 - 50 cm, and the height is 10 - 50 cm. There are two rows of water seepage holes at the bottom, the aperture of the water seepage holes is 3 - 5 mm, the hole spacing is 10 - 50 mm, and the unfolding width of the sponge-type ecological grid is 200 - 600 cm.

[0014] The specific construction process for implementing the sponge-type ecological grid slope protection technology is as follows:

[0015] 1. Trim the slope. After the slope ratio meets the design requirements, manually or mechanically remove floating stones and tree roots;

[0016] 2. Compact the slope surface. For the filled slope surface, after experiencing rainfall settlement, then level the slope surface;

[0017] 3. Horizontally pour a slip prevention belt or lay masonry rubble at the top and bottom of the slope, which can not only fix the sponge-type ecological grids on both upper and lower sides but also serve as a reference line for adjusting and fixing the ecological grids on the slope surface;

[0018] 4. Unroll and lay the rolled ecological grid product from top to bottom on the entire slope surface, and the adjacent two rolls need to be firmly connected by buckles;

[0019] 5. Insert anchor nails longer than 50 cm at intervals of 0.5 m - 1 m in a rectangular or plum blossom shape into the stress points at the corners of each grid to firmly fix the entire soil body filled with the grid as the principle;

[0020] 6. Fill the planted soil from top to bottom into the slope grids that have been laid and fixed;

[0021] 7. Fill the greening substrate (including plant seeds) as needed or plant plant seedlings;

[0022] 8. Water and maintain to form a green slope.

[0023] As can be seen from the technical solution provided by the present invention above, the sponge-type ecological grid provided by the embodiments of the present invention can be arranged on the slope surface into a stepped structure with a horizontal upper surface, which can not only effectively solve the problem of slope stability and prevent soil erosion, but also realize "water collection" in the rainwater collection small space formed by the filled soil being lower than the upper edge of the grid. Two rows of water seepage holes are arranged at the lower edge of the grid to enable communication between each independent unit, and overall realize the sponge-type functions of "water storage", "water seepage" and "drainage", comprehensively realizing "collection-storage-seepage-drainage". During the wet season, it can realize water collection and storage and drainage, avoiding damage to the slope surface. During the dry season, it can adaptively re-exude and utilize the stored water through the water potential difference, thus effectively overcoming the water shortage problem for the growth of slope plants, reducing the maintenance cost and the difficulty of maintenance.

[0024] At the same time, the present invention adopts materials such as PE with moderate light weight and hardness. When produced and transported, it is in a flat shape, greatly reducing the difficulty of transportation and installation, reducing the energy consumption brought by conventional slope protection products such as concrete products, reducing carbon emissions, and improving the construction efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is a processing and cutting schematic diagram of the multifunctional sponge-type ecological slope protection grid of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2a is a side view schematic diagram of the sol state structure of the multifunctional sponge-type ecological slope protection grid of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2b is a partial top view schematic diagram of the sol state structure of the multifunctional sponge-type ecological slope protection grid of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the flat state structure of the multifunctional sponge-type ecological slope protection grid of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 is a construction schematic diagram of unwinding and laying of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 is a construction process schematic diagram of the grid of the present invention being unwound and laid flat, flipped and erected, and horizontally unfolded on the slope;

[0031] Figure 6 is a top view of the grid of the present invention after being unwound and unfolded;

[0032] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the construction completion state of the present invention (side view). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0033] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below. The content not described in detail in the embodiments of the present invention belongs to the prior art well-known to those skilled in the art.

[0034] As Figure 1 and Figure 3 shown, a multifunctional sponge-type ecological slope protection grid, with every two identical plates 1 as a group. For each plate 1, a plurality of water seepage holes 13 are provided along the bottom edge 16 of the plate 1. The bottom edge 16 is laid on the slope as an inclined edge; and several groups of plates are connected by sol bonding of adjacent contact vertical edges according to the designed width and flattened to form a roll-type ecological grid product. The roll-type ecological grid product can form several diamond-shaped tubular unit structures after three consecutive operations of unrolling and laying flat from top to bottom, flipping 90° to stand upright, and horizontally unfolding on the slope. The upper surface of each diamond-shaped tubular unit structure is horizontal, and the lower surface is an inclined surface. The lower surface is consistent with the slope of the slope surface. The inside of the diamond-shaped tubular structure is hollow for filling soil and planting vegetation for greening;

[0035] The plate 1 is made of a light and moderately hard PE material. Its upper edge is cut straight. The straight cutting includes the upper edge 11 and the open edge 12 in mutually perpendicular directions. The extension line of the bonding edge 11 extends to the bottom edge 16. The line segment between the lower end point of the bonding edge 11 and the bottom edge 16 is the inner folding line 15. The line segment with the midpoint of the open edge 12 as the starting point, the bottom edge 16 as the ending point, and parallel to the bonding edge 11 is the outer folding line 14;

[0036] The straight cutting of every two plates 1 in each group coincides, and the bonding edges 11 and the inner folding lines 15 of the two plates 1 are respectively bonded and connected to form a bonding seam; as Figure 2a and Figure 2b shown, ① and ② in the figure are both sol areas.

[0037] Each plate 1 is folded outwards along the outer folding line 14 and inwards along the inner folding line 15. The open edges 12 of the two plates 1 between adjacent bonding seams are folded to form a diamond shape, and the part between adjacent bonding seams is folded to form a tubular cavity with a diamond-shaped cross-section for filling soil and planting greenery.

[0038] A multifunctional sponge-type ecological slope protection method uses the above-mentioned multifunctional sponge-type ecological slope protection grid. The bottom edge 16 is laid along the slope surface. The diamond-shaped tubular cavities of adjacent two grids are arranged at intervals and cover the slope surface, and are fixed with anchor nails. The diamond-shaped tubular cavities are filled with soil and planted with greenery.

[0039] Taking the conical slope of a highway bridge abutment and the embankment slope as an example.

[0040] The toe line length of the conical slope of the abutment is 45 meters, the vertical height is 8 meters, and the slope ratio is 1:1.25; the toe line length of the embankment slope is 33 meters, the vertical height is 8 meters, and the slope ratio is 1:1.25. All are constructed and designed using the multifunctional sponge-type ecological slope protection grille provided by the present invention.

[0041] Step 1: Slope preparation.

[0042] Use mechanical slope brushing to clean the entire slope according to the designed slope ratio of 1:1.25. For the detailed parts that cannot be processed by machinery, manual cleaning is adopted to ensure that the slope is straightened and leveled. Pour anti-slip and anti-pull belts in situ at the toe, top, or both sides of the slope as required.

[0043] Step 2: Produce the grille.

[0044] The preparation method of the multifunctional sponge-type ecological slope protection grille can be to cut the rectangular plate as shown in Figure 1 to form two plates 1 in each group, and use the sol method to connect the adjacent rhombic tubular units up, down, left, and right. Produce a multifunctional sponge-type ecological slope protection grille with the same slope as the slope designed according to the slope ratio (such as 1:1.25). Its size specifications are: the opening side length is 30 cm, the height is 30 cm, and the unfolded width is 4 m. Transport the packaged roll of multifunctional sponge-type ecological slope protection grille products to the site.

[0045] Step 3: Unroll and lay.

[0046] According to the slope shape, select the center line and horizontal reference line, as shown in Figure 4 、 Figure 5 , unroll and lay the multifunctional sponge-type ecological slope protection grille from top to bottom, and then turn it 90° to the left and stand upright to unfold it horizontally into a multifunctional sponge-type ecological slope protection grille, forming an interlaced rhombic tubular cavity. Finally, fix the grille with main and secondary anchor nails, as shown in Figure 6 .

[0047] Step 4: Backfill the soil and compact it.

[0048] As shown in Figure 6 , backfill the soil. The backfill height should be 5 cm lower than the upper edge of the grille to ensure a 5 cm water storage depth in each grille unit.

[0049] Step 5: Planting.

[0050] According to the design requirements, plant seedlings and broadcast grass and flower seeds in holes, as shown in Figure 7 .

[0051] Step 6: Exterior beautification.

[0052] According to the design requirements, the exterior wall of the ecological grille can also be treated with a wood imitation or other appearance.

[0053] For the sponge-type ecological grid in the above-mentioned embodiment, after completing the production, transportation, uphill installation and greening project of the ecological grid, it can be arranged in a stepped shape on the slope surface. The horizontal upper surface can prevent soil erosion. The rainwater-collecting small space formed by filling the soil below the upper edge of the grid can achieve "water collection". Two rows of water seepage holes are arranged at the lower edge of the grid, enabling communication between individual independent units, and overall realizing the sponge-type functions of "water storage", "water seepage" and "drainage", comprehensively achieving "collection - storage - seepage - drainage". Therefore, the sponge-type ecological grid not only has convenient construction and reduces carbon emissions, but also greatly guarantees the slope water supply conditions based on the principle of slope water migration, and preferably solves the technical problems of slope stability protection and ecological restoration, providing better technical support for the slope green cause.

[0054] The present invention can effectively solve the technical problems of slope stability protection and ecological restoration. In particular, it has important practical significance for implementing ecological protection projects on various slopes such as cutting slopes, embankment slopes, abutment slopes, hardened slopes and slag-hanging slopes in large areas of arid and semi-arid regions and dry-hot valley regions in the north.

[0055] The above is only the preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A multifunctional sponge-type ecological slope protection grid, characterized in that, Taking every two identical plates (1) as a group, multiple water seepage holes (13) are provided along the bottom edge (16) of each plate (1); the bottom edge (16) is laid on the slope surface as an inclined edge; and several groups of plates are adhesively connected at the adjacent contact vertical edges and flattened according to the designed width to form a roll-type ecological grid product. After three consecutive operations of unrolling and laying flat from top to bottom, rotating 90° upright, and horizontally unfolding on the slope surface, the roll-type ecological grid product can form several rhombic tubular unit structures. The upper surface of each rhombic tubular unit structure is horizontal, and the lower surface is an inclined surface. The lower surface has the same slope as the slope surface of the slope. The interior of the rhombic tubular structure is hollow for filling soil and planting vegetation for greening; The plate (1) is made of a lightweight and moderately hard PE material. Its upper edge is cut straight, and the straight cutting includes the upper edge (11) and the open edge (12) in mutually perpendicular directions; the extension line of the bonding edge (11) extends to the bottom edge (16), and the line segment between the lower end point of the bonding edge (11) and the bottom edge (16) is the inner folding line (15); the line segment with the midpoint of the open edge (12) as the starting point, the bottom edge (16) as the ending point, and parallel to the bonding edge (11) is the outer folding line (14); The straight cuts of every two plates (1) in each group coincide, and the bonding edges (11) and the inner folding lines (15) of the two plates (1) are adhesively connected respectively to form a bonding seam; Each plate (1) is folded outwards along the outer folding line (14) and inwards along the inner folding line (15). The open edges (12) of the two plates (1) between adjacent bonding seams are folded to form a rhombus, and the part between adjacent bonding seams is folded to form a tubular cavity with a rhombic cross-section for filling soil and planting greenery.

2. A multi-functional sponge-type ecological slope protection method, characterized in that, Using a multifunctional sponge-type ecological slope protection grid as described in claim 1, the bottom edge (16) is laid along the slope surface. The rhombic tubular cavities of adjacent two grids are arranged at intervals and cover the slope surface, and are fixed with anchor nails. The rhombic tubular cavities are filled with soil and planted with greenery.

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