Goaf safety thickness differential filling method

Abstract

The invention provides a goaf safety thickness differentiation filling method which comprises the steps that an uncontrolled area, a filling area and a finished area are sequentially formed in the direction from a goaf to a non-goaf, and when filling operation is propelled and transferred in the direction from the non-goaf to the goaf, the filling area is converted into a new finished area, and the uncontrolled area is converted into a new filling area; a new untreated area is formed at one end, far away from the non-goaf, of the new filling area; and the safety thickness of the goaf is detected in the untreated area, when the filling operation is advanced in the direction from the non-goaf to the goaf, if the safety thickness of the goaf within the advanced preset distance is larger than the preset thickness, the first solid aggregate is prepared in the completed area, and otherwise, the first solid aggregate is prepared in the non-goaf. According to the goaf safety thickness differentiation filling method, high-efficiency and high-quality filling of the goaf is achieved, and then safety operation of an open pit coal mine is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of goaf filling, and particularly to a method for differentially filling the safety thickness of a goaf. Background Art

[0002] In long-term mining operations, due to reasons such as room-and-pillar mining and non-backfilling after mining, there are a large number of unknown goafs around the mine. These goafs are scattered, of different sizes, shapes, and complex horizons. When open-pit mining is carried out above the goaf, as the stripping level continues to deepen, the overlying rock layer of the goaf gradually thins, and the distance from the cavity to the ground continuously decreases. There is a risk of safety accidents such as roof collapse of the goaf, spontaneous combustion of coal seams in the goaf, and water inrush in the goaf at any time, which poses a serious threat to the safety of equipment and personnel in open-pit mining operations and also severely restricts the efficient, safe, and sustainable development of open-pit coal mines. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present disclosure aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent.

[0004] To this end, the purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a method for differentially filling the safety thickness of a goaf.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present disclosure provides a method for differentially filling the safety thickness of a goaf, including: sequentially forming an untreated area, a filling area, and a completed area along the direction from the goaf to the non-goaf area. When the filling operation advances and transfers along the direction from the non-goaf area to the goaf area, the filling area is converted into a new completed area, the untreated area is converted into a new filling area, and a new untreated area is formed at one end of the new filling area away from the non-goaf area; wherein, a plurality of first filling holes are arranged at intervals in the untreated area, and a first filling slurry formed by mixing a first solid aggregate and a first liquid slurry according to a first preset ratio is filled into the plurality of first filling holes in the filling area respectively; and, the safety thickness of the goaf is detected in the untreated area. When the filling operation advances along the direction from the non-goaf area to the goaf area, if the safety thickness of the goaf within a preset advancing distance is greater than a preset thickness, the first solid aggregate is prepared in the completed area, otherwise, the first solid aggregate is prepared in the non-goaf area.

[0006] Optionally, the method further includes: arranging the feeding ends of an excavation device, a crushing device, and a main material conveying belt device in the completion area or the non-goaf area, connecting the discharging end of the crushing device to the feeding end of the main material conveying belt device; using the excavation device to convey solid raw materials to the feeding end of the crushing device, and enabling the crushing device to crush the solid raw materials into first solid aggregates with a particle size not greater than a first preset particle size; using the main material conveying belt device to convey the first solid aggregates to the filling area; wherein, when the filling operation advances in the direction from the non-goaf area to the goaf area, and the safety thickness of the goaf area within a preset advancing distance is greater than a preset thickness, transfer the feeding ends of the excavation device, the crushing device, and the main material conveying belt device to a new completion area.

[0007] Optionally, the method further includes: arranging the discharging end of the main material conveying belt device and a plurality of branch material conveying belt devices in the filling area, connecting the discharging end of the main material conveying belt device to the feeding ends of the plurality of branch material conveying belt devices respectively, and connecting the discharging ends of the plurality of branch material conveying belt devices to a plurality of first filling holes respectively; conveying the first solid aggregates to the feeding end of the main material conveying belt device, and enabling the first solid aggregates to be filled into the plurality of first filling holes radially by using the main material conveying belt device and the plurality of branch material conveying belt devices; wherein, when the filling operation advances in the direction from the non-goaf area to the goaf area, transfer the discharging end of the main material conveying belt device and the plurality of branch material conveying belt devices to a new filling area.

[0008] Optionally, the method further includes: arranging a plurality of discharging ends of a first pipeline in the filling area, connecting the plurality of discharging ends of the first pipeline to a plurality of first filling holes respectively; conveying the first liquid slurry to the feeding end of the first pipeline, and enabling the first liquid slurry to be filled into the plurality of first filling holes radially by using the plurality of discharging ends of the first pipeline; wherein, when the filling operation advances in the direction from the non-goaf area to the goaf area, extend the first pipeline to a new filling area.

[0009] Optionally, the method further includes: arranging a first crawler drill in the ungoverned area; using the first crawler drill to open the first filling holes in the ungoverned area; wherein, when the filling operation advances in the direction from the non-goaf area to the goaf area, transfer the first crawler drill to a new ungoverned area.

[0010] Optionally, when the cavity volume of the goaf area is greater than a preset volume, the method further includes: arranging a plurality of second filling holes spaced apart in the filling area, and filling second filling slurries into the plurality of second filling holes respectively in the completion area, wherein the viscosity of the second filling slurries is greater than the viscosity of the first filling slurries.

[0011] Optionally, the method further includes: preparing second solid aggregate with a particle size not greater than a second preset particle size, and preparing a second liquid slurry; mixing the second solid aggregate and the second liquid slurry according to a second preset ratio to form the second filling slurry.

[0012] Optionally, the plurality of first filling holes and the plurality of second filling holes are arranged staggeredly, and adjacent filling holes have a preset spacing; wherein, in each row of filling holes, two first filling holes are distributed between adjacent second filling holes; the adjacent rows are staggered by 1.5 times the preset spacing.

[0013] Optionally, the method further includes: arranging the discharge end of a second pipeline in the completed area, and connecting the discharge end of the second pipeline to the plurality of second filling holes in sequence; conveying the second filling slurry to the feed end of the second pipeline, and filling the second filling slurry into the plurality of second filling holes in sequence through the second pipeline; wherein, when the filling operation advances in the direction from the non-goaf area to the goaf area, the discharge end of the second pipeline is extended to the new completed area.

[0014] Optionally, the method further includes: arranging a second crawler drill in the filling area; using the second crawler drill to open the second filling holes in the filling area; wherein, when the filling operation advances in the direction from the non-goaf area to the goaf area, the second crawler drill is transferred to the new filling area.

[0015] The technical solution provided by the present disclosure may include the following beneficial effects:

[0016] A plurality of first filling holes spaced apart are arranged in the ungoverned area, and the first filling slurry formed by mixing the first solid aggregate and the first liquid slurry according to the first preset ratio is filled into the plurality of first filling holes in the filling area respectively, so as to realize the filling of the filling area by using the first filling slurry, and then form a completed area where the filling is completed. Moreover, as the filling operation advances and transfers, new ungoverned areas, new filling areas and new completed areas can be continuously formed, thereby realizing high-efficiency and high-quality filling of the goaf, and further ensuring the safe operation of the open-pit coal mine.

[0017] The additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will be partly given in the following description, partly will become obvious from the following description, or will be understood through the practice of the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become obvious and easy to understand from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the drawings, wherein:

[0019] Figure 1It is a schematic structural diagram at the goaf in the goaf safety thickness differential filling method proposed in this embodiment;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram at the goaf in the goaf safety thickness differential filling method proposed in this embodiment (preparing the first solid aggregate in the completed area);

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram at the goaf in the goaf safety thickness differential filling method proposed in this embodiment (preparing the first solid aggregate in the non-goaf area);

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic distribution diagram of the first filling hole and the second filling hole in the goaf safety thickness differential filling method proposed in this embodiment;

[0023] As shown in the figure: 1. Goaf, 11. Un-treated area, 12. Filling area, 13. Completed area, 14. First filling hole, 15. Second filling hole;

[0024] 2. Non-goaf area, 3. Excavating equipment, 4. Crushing equipment, 5. Main material conveying belt equipment, 6. Branch material conveying belt equipment, 7. First pipeline, 8. Second pipeline. Detailed implementation manners

[0025] The embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions from beginning to end. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary only for explaining the present disclosure and should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure. On the contrary, the embodiments of the present disclosure include all changes, modifications and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

[0026] As Figure 1 、 Figure 2 And Figure 3 shown, the embodiments of the present disclosure propose a goaf safety thickness differential filling method, including:

[0027] An un-treated area 11, a filling area 12 and a completed area 13 are sequentially formed along the direction from the goaf 1 to the non-goaf area 2, and when the filling operation advances and transfers along the direction from the non-goaf area 2 to the goaf 1, the filling area 12 is converted into a new completed area 13, the un-treated area 11 is converted into a new filling area 12, and a new un-treated area 11 is formed at one end of the new filling area 12 away from the non-goaf area 2;

[0028] Among them, a plurality of first filling holes 14 are arranged at intervals in the un-treated area 11, and a first filling slurry formed by mixing the first solid aggregate and the first liquid slurry according to a first preset ratio is filled into the plurality of first filling holes 14 in the filling area 12 respectively;

[0029] Moreover, the safety thickness of the mined - out area 1 is detected in the ungoverned area 11. When the filling operation advances along the direction from the non - mined - out area 2 to the mined - out area 1, if the safety thickness of the mined - out area 1 within the preset advancing distance is greater than the preset thickness, the first solid aggregate is prepared in the completed area 13; otherwise, the first solid aggregate is prepared in the non - mined - out area 2.

[0030] It can be understood that a plurality of first filling holes 14 are arranged at intervals in the ungoverned area 11, and in the filling area 12, a first filling slurry formed by mixing the first solid aggregate and the first liquid slurry according to a first preset ratio is filled into the plurality of first filling holes 14 respectively, so as to realize the filling of the filling area 12 by using the first filling slurry, and then form the completed area 13 where the filling is completed. Moreover, as the filling operation advances and transfers, new ungoverned areas 11, new filling areas 12 and new completed areas 13 can be continuously formed, thus realizing the high - efficiency and high - quality filling of the mined - out area 1, and further ensuring the safe operation of the open - pit coal mine.

[0031] When the filling operation advances along the direction from the non - mined - out area 2 to the mined - out area 1, if the safety thickness of the mined - out area 1 within the preset advancing distance is greater than the preset thickness, it indicates that the roof of the mined - out area 1 has a strong bearing capacity. Thus, preparing the first solid aggregate in the completed area 13 can take into account both the filling efficiency and the filling safety; when the filling operation advances along the direction from the non - mined - out area 2 to the mined - out area 1, if the safety thickness of the mined - out area 1 within the preset advancing distance is not greater than the preset thickness, it indicates that the roof bearing capacity of the mined - out area 1 is insufficient. Thus, preparing the first solid aggregate in the non - mined - out area 2 can avoid safety accidents such as roof collapse, coal seam spontaneous combustion, and water inrush in the mined - out area 1 while realizing the filling of the mined - out area 1.

[0032] It should be noted that during the underground mining process, as the ore is mined out, the space originally occupied by the ore becomes vacant, thus forming the mined - out area 1.

[0033] In this embodiment, the ungoverned area 11 is the area in the mined - out area 1 where the filling operation has not been carried out. In this area, the first filling holes 14 need to be arranged; the filling area 12 is the area in the mined - out area 1 where the filling operation is carried out. In this area, the first filling slurry needs to be filled into the first filling holes 14 to fill the cavity of the mined - out area 1 with the first filling slurry; the completed area 13 is the area in the mined - out area 1 where the filling has been completed. After the first filling slurry solidifies, the completed area 13 can be used as the non - mined - out area 2.

[0034] The filling operation advances and transfers in the direction from the non-goaf area 2 to the goaf area 1, which can continuously generate new ungoverned areas 11. At the same time as generating new ungoverned areas 11, it can also cooperate with the opening of the first filling holes 14 and the filling of the first filling slurry, so that the filling area 12 is converted into a new completed area 13, and the ungoverned area 11 is converted into a new filling area 12. Thus, through the synchronous operation and progressive update of the ungoverned area 11, the filling area 12, and the completed area 13, high-efficiency and high-quality filling operations are achieved.

[0035] The first filling holes 14 communicate with the cavity of the goaf area 1, and the first filling holes 14 enable the first filling slurry filled into them to enter the cavity of the goaf area 1 for filling. The specific type of the first filling holes 14 can be set according to actual needs, and no restrictions are imposed on this. Among them, multiple first filling holes 14 can be relatively evenly distributed in the ungoverned area 11.

[0036] The first filling slurry is used to fill the cavity of the goaf area 1, and after solidification, it realizes the supplement and support of the structure of the goaf area 1. Among them, the specific types of the first solid aggregate and the first liquid slurry can be set according to actual needs, and no restrictions are imposed on this.

[0037] Exemplarily, the solid raw material of the first solid aggregate can be coal gangue, solid waste, etc. generated from mining. The stripped crushed stones (solid raw materials) are piled up in the area near the goaf area 1, and after processes such as crushing and screening, they form the first solid aggregate.

[0038] The maximum size of the stripped crushed stones should be less than 800 mm to meet the feeding requirements of the crushing equipment. Specifically, the preparation of the first solid aggregate is as follows:

[0039] Pretreatment of stripped crushed stones: Mechanically pretreat the stripped crushed stones, remove the larger-sized stripped crushed stones mixed in them, and clean the sundries to meet the feeding use of the crusher;

[0040] Primary crushing: Load the treated stripped crushed stones into the feeding hopper and quantitatively supply them to the jaw crusher for primary crushing;

[0041] Secondary crushing: Transport the stripped crushed stones after primary crushing and processing to the impact crusher equipment station for secondary crushing, and remove iron and other sundries from the materials during the transportation process;

[0042] Screening of crushed materials: Transport the stripped crushed stones after being crushed by the mobile crushing station to the screening equipment for screening;

[0043] Repeated crushing: Re-crush the aggregates screened out to be larger than 25 mm;

[0044] Finished product of crushed materials: Quantitatively transport the stripped crushed stones screened out to be less than 25 mm to the main conveyor belt

[0045] Exemplarily, the liquid raw materials of the first liquid slurry include: cement, loess, water, fly ash, binder and other additives. The cement, loess, water and additives are mixed and stirred according to a certain weight ratio to form a cement-loess slurry, that is, the first liquid slurry.

[0046] Specifically, the preparation of the first liquid slurry is as follows:

[0047] Pre-treatment of stripped loess: Clean the stripped loess to meet the feeding requirements of the crusher.

[0048] Loess crushing: Load the treated stripped loess into the feeding hopper and supply it to the mobile loess crushing equipment for crushing.

[0049] Screening of crushed materials: Convey the processed stripped loess to the screening equipment for screening.

[0050] Finished loess: Convey the finished loess with a particle size less than 3 mm to the mobile filling and charging integrated machine.

[0051] Loess feeding: The finished loess with a particle size less than 3 mm is fed through the receiving hopper of the filling and charging integrated machine and conveyed to the vehicle-mounted horizontal double-shaft mixer through a quantitative weighing belt.

[0052] Cement feeding: The cement in the vehicle-mounted cement silo is quantitatively conveyed to the vehicle-mounted horizontal double-shaft mixer through a screw feeder.

[0053] Slurry mixing: In the vehicle-mounted horizontal double-shaft mixer, the loess, cement and water are evenly mixed to prepare the slurry.

[0054] Slurry pumping: A mud pump and an industrial filling pump are installed at the lower part of the vehicle-mounted horizontal double-shaft mixer. The prepared slurry is pumped to the slurry pipeline through the vehicle-mounted mud pump.

[0055] Among them, when screening the loess, the part with a particle size greater than 3 mm needs to be returned to the crusher for continuous crushing.

[0056] The first liquid slurry has a low concentration and good fluidity, and is used for the cementing effect in the first solid aggregate filling process, improving the roof contact rate and filling rate. At the same time, for high-temperature fire areas, it can also play a role in cooling, covering and blocking oxygen to extinguish fires.

[0057] The first preset ratio can be set according to actual needs, and there is no limit to this. Among them, the first solid aggregate and the first liquid slurry can be mixed into first filling slurries with different densities.

[0058] The first solid aggregate and the first liquid slurry can be compounded into non-Newtonian fluids with different densities to fill the goaf 1, ensuring a high-quality filling effect.

[0059] The preparation of the first solid aggregate involves large-scale equipment such as stripping the stockyard of crushed stones and crushing. Therefore, the ground needs to have strong bearing capacity. When it is determined that the completed area 13 has sufficient safety thickness and advancing distance, the preparation of the first solid aggregate can be arranged in the completed area 13. Otherwise, the preparation of the first solid aggregate needs to be arranged in the non-goaf area 2.

[0060] While arranging the first filling hole 14 in the untreated area 11, the safety thickness of the goaf 1 is also detected. Thus, as the filling operation advances from the non-goaf area 2 to the goaf 1, the safety thickness of the goaf 1 can be continuously obtained. Furthermore, the preparation position of the first solid aggregate is determined according to the safety thickness, ensuring a high safety level for the filling operation in the goaf 1.

[0061] Among them, the safety thickness refers to the thickness of the overlying strata (roof) of the goaf 1, that is, the distance from the cavity of the goaf 1 to the ground surface.

[0062] The preset advancing distance can be set according to actual needs, and there is no limit to this. For example, the preset advancing distance can be 30 m. That is to say, when the filling operation advances from the non-goaf area 2 to the goaf 1, if the safety thickness of the goaf 1 within the front 30 m is greater than the preset thickness, the first solid aggregate is prepared in the completed area 13. Otherwise, the first solid aggregate is prepared in the non-goaf area 2.

[0063] The preset thickness can be set according to actual needs, and there is no limit to this. For example, the preset thickness can be 50 m. That is to say, when the filling operation advances from the non-goaf area 2 to the goaf 1, if the safety thickness of the goaf 1 within the preset advancing distance is greater than 50 m, the first solid aggregate is prepared in the completed area 13. Otherwise, the first solid aggregate is prepared in the non-goaf area 2.

[0064] Such as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, in some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0065] Arrange the feeding ends of the excavating equipment 3, the crushing equipment 4, and the main conveyor belt equipment 5 in the completed area 13 or the non-goaf area 2, and connect the discharging end of the crushing equipment 4 to the feeding end of the main conveyor belt equipment 5;

[0066] Use the excavating equipment 3 to convey the solid raw material to the feeding end of the crushing equipment 4, and make the crushing equipment 4 crush the solid raw material into the first solid aggregate with a particle size not greater than the first preset particle size;

[0067] Use the main conveyor belt equipment 5 to convey the first solid aggregate to the filling area 12;

[0068] Among them, when the filling operation advances in the direction from the non-goaf area 2 to the goaf area 1, and the safety thickness of the goaf area 1 within the preset advancing distance is greater than the preset thickness, the feeding ends of the excavation equipment 3, the crushing equipment 4, and the main conveyor belt equipment 5 are transferred to the new completed area 13.

[0069] It can be understood that by the cooperation of the excavation equipment 3 and the crushing equipment 4, the solid raw materials can be excavated and crushed in sequence, so as to form the first solid aggregate with a particle size not greater than the first preset particle size. And by the transportation of the main conveyor belt equipment 5, the filling requirements of the filling area 12 can be met.

[0070] Moreover, when the filling operation advances in the direction from the non-goaf area 2 to the goaf area 1, and the safety thickness of the goaf area 1 within the preset advancing distance is greater than the preset thickness, the feeding ends of the excavation equipment 3, the crushing equipment 4, and the main conveyor belt equipment 5 are transferred to the new completed area 13, so as to continue to prepare the first solid aggregate in the new completed area 13, thereby ensuring high filling safety while achieving high filling efficiency.

[0071] It should be noted that the excavation equipment 3 is used to transfer the solid raw materials in the storage yard to the crushing equipment 4. The specific type of the excavation equipment 3 can be set according to actual needs, and there is no limit to this. For example, the excavation equipment 3 can be an excavator.

[0072] The crushing equipment 4 is used to crush the solid raw materials into the first solid aggregate with a particle size not greater than the first preset particle size. The specific type of the crushing equipment 4 can be set according to actual needs, and there is no limit to this. For example, the crushing equipment 4 can be a mobile crusher. The discharge end of the crushing equipment 4 has a screening function. The materials larger than the first preset particle size are returned to the feeding end of the crushing equipment 4 for continuous crushing, while the materials not greater than the first preset particle size are discharged into the feeding end of the main conveyor belt equipment 5, so as to form the first solid aggregate for filling the filling area 12.

[0073] Among them, the first preset particle size can be set according to actual needs, and there is no limit to this. For example, the first preset particle size can be 25 mm. That is to say, the crushing equipment 4 crushes the solid raw materials into the first solid aggregate with a particle size not greater than 25 mm.

[0074] The main conveyor belt equipment 5 is used to transport the first solid aggregate with a particle size not greater than the first preset particle size to the filling area 12. The specific type of the main conveyor belt equipment 5 can be set according to actual needs, and there is no limit to this. For example, the main conveyor belt equipment 5 can be a conveyor belt.

[0075] When the filling operation advances in the direction from the non-goaf area 2 to the goaf area 1, and the safety thickness of the goaf area 1 within the preset advancing distance is not greater than the preset thickness, the feeding ends of the excavating equipment 3, the crushing equipment 4, and the main conveying belt equipment 5 are arranged in the non-goaf area 2, and the conveying of the first solid aggregate is realized through the extension of the main conveying belt equipment 5. In addition, besides being arranged in the non-goaf area 2, the feeding ends of the excavating equipment 3, the crushing equipment 4, and the main conveying belt equipment 5 can also be moved to the relative area adjacent to the goaf area 1.

[0076] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, in some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0077] Arranging the discharging end of the main conveying belt equipment 5 and a plurality of branch conveying belt equipment 6 in the filling area 12, and connecting the discharging end of the main conveying belt equipment 5 to the feeding ends of the plurality of branch conveying belt equipment 6 respectively, and connecting the discharging ends of the plurality of branch conveying belt equipment 6 to a plurality of first filling holes 14 respectively;

[0078] Conveying the first solid aggregate to the feeding end of the main conveying belt equipment 5, and making the first solid aggregate be filled into the plurality of first filling holes 14 radially by means of the main conveying belt equipment 5 and the plurality of branch conveying belt equipment 6;

[0079] Wherein, when the filling operation advances in the direction from the non-goaf area 2 to the goaf area 1, the discharging end of the main conveying belt equipment 5 and the plurality of branch conveying belt equipment 6 are transferred to a new filling area 12.

[0080] It can be understood that by arranging the discharging end of the main conveying belt equipment 5 and the plurality of branch conveying belt equipment 6 in the filling area 12, the first solid aggregate can be filled into the plurality of first filling holes 14 radially by means of the main conveying belt equipment 5 and the plurality of branch conveying belt equipment 6, thus realizing high-efficiency and high-quality filling operation of the goaf area 1. And when the filling operation advances in the direction from the non-goaf area 2 to the goaf area 1, the discharging end of the main conveying belt equipment 5 and the plurality of branch conveying belt equipment 6 are transferred to a new filling area 12, so as to continue the filling operation of the first solid aggregate in the new filling area 12 by means of the discharging end of the main conveying belt equipment 5 and the plurality of branch conveying belt equipment 6.

[0081] It should be noted that the radial arrangement mode of the discharging end of the main conveying belt equipment 5 and the plurality of branch conveying belt equipment 6 forms a multi-hole large-range synchronous filling in the filling area 12, which can effectively improve the filling efficiency and filling quality of the first solid aggregate. And when one of the branch conveying belt equipment 6 stops feeding due to the completion of filling, the production capacity can be released to other branch conveying belt equipment 6, ensuring that the whole filling operation capacity does not decrease, and reducing frequent starting and stopping, and ensuring the construction period progress.

[0082] The main feeding belt equipment 5 is used to convey the first solid aggregate from the completion area 13 or the non-goaf area 2 to a plurality of branch feeding belt equipments 6 in the filling area 12. The branch feeding belt equipments 6 are used to convey the first solid aggregate conveyed by the main feeding belt equipment 5 into the first filling holes 14. The specific type of the branch feeding belt equipment 6 can be set according to actual needs, and there is no limitation thereto. By way of example, the branch feeding belt equipment 6 may include: a distributing and weighing belt conveyor and a telescopic belt conveyor. The distributing and weighing belt conveyor and the telescopic belt conveyor cooperate to achieve the precise conveyance of the first solid aggregate, and at the same time can also adapt to the first filling holes 14 at different positions.

[0083] The number of the branch feeding belt equipments 6 can be two, three, four, etc., and there is no limitation thereto.

[0084] Such as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, in some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0085] Arranging a plurality of discharge ends of the first pipeline 7 in the filling area 12, and connecting the plurality of discharge ends of the first pipeline 7 to the plurality of first filling holes 14 respectively;

[0086] Conveying the first liquid slurry to the feeding end of the first pipeline 7, and causing the first liquid slurry to be filled into the plurality of first filling holes 14 radially by using the plurality of discharge ends of the first pipeline 7;

[0087] Wherein, when the filling operation advances in the direction from the non-goaf area 2 to the goaf area 1, the first pipeline 7 is extended to the new filling area 12.

[0088] It can be understood that by arranging the plurality of discharge ends of the first pipeline 7 in the filling area 12, the first liquid slurry can be filled into the plurality of first filling holes 14 radially by using the plurality of discharge ends of the first pipeline 7, thereby realizing high-efficiency and high-quality filling operation of the goaf area 1. And when the filling operation advances in the direction from the non-goaf area 2 to the goaf area 1, the first pipeline 7 is extended to the new filling area 12, so as to continue the filling operation of the first liquid slurry in the new filling area 12 by using the plurality of discharge ends of the first pipeline 7.

[0089] It should be noted that the first pipeline 7 is used to convey the first liquid slurry, and the specific type of the first pipeline 7 can be set according to actual needs, and there is no limitation thereto. Among them, the feeding end of the first pipeline 7 can be connected to the discharge end of the filling pump.

[0090] The first solid aggregate and the first liquid slurry are respectively conveyed to the first filling holes 14 and are mixed in the first filling holes 14.

[0091] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0092] Arranging a first crawler drill in the ungoverned area 11;

[0093] Using the first crawler drill to open a first filling hole 14 in the ungoverned area 11;

[0094] Wherein, when the filling operation advances in the direction from the non-goaf area 2 to the goaf area 1, the first crawler drill is transferred to a new ungoverned area 11.

[0095] It can be understood that a first crawler drill is arranged in the ungoverned area 11, and the first crawler drill is used to open a first filling hole 14 in the ungoverned area 11, so that in the filling area 12, the first filling slurry can be filled into the cavity of the goaf area 1 through the first filling hole 14. And when the filling operation advances in the direction from the non-goaf area 2 to the goaf area 1, the first crawler drill is transferred to a new ungoverned area 11, so as to continue the operation of opening the first filling hole 14 in the new ungoverned area 11 by using the first crawler drill.

[0096] It should be noted that the first crawler drill is used to open the first filling hole 14 in the ungoverned area 11. The specific type of the first crawler drill can be set according to actual needs, and there is no limitation in this regard. By way of example, the first crawler drill can be a light crawler drill.

[0097] Such as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, when the cavity volume of the goaf area 1 is greater than a preset volume, the method further includes:

[0098] Arranging a plurality of second filling holes 15 distributed at intervals in the filling area 12, and filling second filling slurry into the plurality of second filling holes 15 respectively in the completed area 13, wherein the viscosity of the second filling slurry is greater than that of the first filling slurry.

[0099] It can be understood that when the cavity volume of the goaf area 1 is greater than the preset volume, it indicates that the goaf area 1 has a large cavity structure. Therefore, after filling the cavity with the first filling slurry, the second filling slurry with a higher viscosity is used for filling, so as to ensure a higher filling quality for the goaf area 1.

[0100] It should be noted that the second filling slurry is used to fill the second filling slurry into the completed area 13 after the first filling slurry is filled. The specific type of the second filling slurry can be set according to actual needs, and there is no limitation in this regard.

[0101] When the cavity volume of the goaf 1 is not greater than the preset volume, it indicates that the goaf 1 is a small cavity structure. Therefore, it can be filled with the first filling slurry or only the first liquid slurry, which can ensure a high filling quality while avoiding excessive costs.

[0102] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0103] Preparing a second solid aggregate not greater than a second preset particle size, and preparing a second liquid slurry;

[0104] Mixing the second solid aggregate and the second liquid slurry according to a second preset ratio to form a second filling slurry.

[0105] It can be understood that the second solid aggregate not greater than the second preset particle size and the second liquid slurry are mixed according to the second preset ratio, so as to obtain a second filling slurry with a higher viscosity, and then the second filling slurry is used to achieve high-quality filling of the goaf 1.

[0106] It should be noted that the specific types of the second solid aggregate and the second liquid slurry can be set according to actual needs, and there is no limitation in this regard. For example, after the second solid aggregate and the second liquid slurry are mixed, a cement-loess paste is formed, that is, the second filling slurry. The cement-loess paste is a paste-like slurry formed by processing solid wastes such as gangue, loess and aeolian sand near the surface coal mine into a "paste without critical flow velocity and without dehydration" on the ground. The paste is transported to the goaf 1 for filling through the second pipeline 8 by using a filling pump and the action of gravity.

[0107] Among them, when making qualified paste-like slurry from materials such as gangue, it is required that the proportion of fine particles less than 0.08 mm in it reaches more than 15%. Otherwise, the paste may be stratified and water-separated, and in severe cases, it will cause pipe blockage accidents, and the paste pipeline transportation system cannot operate normally.

[0108] The preparation of the second filling slurry is as follows:

[0109] Pre-treatment of stripping loess: Clean the stripping loess to meet the feeding requirements of the crusher;

[0110] Loess crushing: Load the treated stripping loess into the feeding hopper and supply it to the mobile loess crushing equipment for crushing;

[0111] Screening of crushed materials: Transport the processed stripping loess to the screening equipment for screening;

[0112] Finished loess: Transport the finished loess with a particle size of 3 - 10 mm to the mobile filling and mixing machine;

[0113] Loess feeding: The finished loess with a particle size of 3 - 10 mm is fed through the receiving hopper of the filling and mixing machine and transported to the on-vehicle horizontal double-shaft mixer through the quantitative weighing belt;

[0114] Cement feeding: The cement in the vehicle-mounted cement tank is quantitatively transported to the vehicle-mounted horizontal double-shaft mixer through a screw feeder.

[0115] Paste preparation: In the vehicle-mounted horizontal double-shaft mixer, loess, cement, and water are evenly mixed to prepare a paste.

[0116] Slurry pumping: A slurry pump and an industrial filling pump are installed at the lower part of the vehicle-mounted horizontal double-shaft mixer. The prepared slurry is pumped to the slurry pipeline through the vehicle-mounted industrial filling pump.

[0117] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0118] Select at least one first filling hole 14 in the filling area 12 as a first exhaust hole, and after filling the first filling slurry into multiple first filling holes 14, fill the first filling slurry into the first exhaust hole.

[0119] It can be understood that by selecting at least one first filling hole 14 in the filling area 12 as the first exhaust hole, when filling the first filling slurry into multiple first filling holes 14, the first exhaust hole can be used for exhaust, thereby ensuring the efficient filling of the first filling slurry.

[0120] In some embodiments, the method further includes: Select at least one second filling hole 15 in the completion area 13 as a second exhaust hole, and after filling the second filling slurry into multiple second filling holes 15, fill the second filling slurry into the second exhaust hole.

[0121] It can be understood that by selecting at least one second filling hole 15 in the completion area 13 as the second exhaust hole, when filling the second filling slurry into multiple second filling holes 15, the second exhaust hole can be used for exhaust, thereby ensuring the efficient filling of the second filling slurry.

[0122] As Figure 4 shown, in some embodiments, multiple first filling holes 14 and multiple second filling holes 15 are arranged staggeredly, and adjacent filling holes have a preset spacing. Among them, in each row of filling holes, two first filling holes 14 are distributed between adjacent second filling holes 15, and the adjacent rows are staggered by 1.5 times the preset spacing.

[0123] It can be understood that since the multiple first filling holes 14 and the multiple second filling holes 15 are arranged in a staggered manner, and the multiple first filling holes 14 and the multiple second filling holes 15 are arranged in a staggered manner, the multiple first filling holes 14 and the multiple second filling holes 15 can be evenly distributed. Moreover, since there are two first filling holes 14 distributed between adjacent second filling holes 15 in each row of filling holes, and the adjacent rows are staggered by 1.5 times the preset spacing, the multiple first filling holes 14 are distributed in a plum blossom shape, and each second filling hole 15 is arranged between the multiple first filling holes 14. Thus, by utilizing the cooperation of the multiple first filling holes 14 and the multiple second filling holes 15, high-quality filling of the goaf 11 is achieved.

[0124] It should be noted that the preset spacing can be set according to actual needs, and there is no limitation on this. For example, the preset spacing can be 10 m.

[0125] As Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, in some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0126] Arranging the discharge end of the second pipeline 8 in the completion area 13 and connecting the discharge end of the second pipeline 8 to the multiple second filling holes 15 in sequence;

[0127] Conveying the second filling slurry to the feed end of the second pipeline 8 and filling the second filling slurry into the multiple second filling holes 15 in sequence by means of the second pipeline 8;

[0128] Wherein, when the filling operation advances in the direction from the non-goaf area 2 to the goaf area 1, the discharge end of the second pipeline 8 is extended to the new completion area 13.

[0129] It can be understood that by arranging the discharge end of the second pipeline 8 in the completion area 13, the second filling slurry can be filled into the multiple second filling holes 15 in sequence by means of the second pipeline 8, thereby achieving high-efficiency and high-quality filling operation of the goaf 1. Moreover, when the filling operation advances in the direction from the non-goaf area 2 to the goaf area 1, the discharge end of the second pipeline 8 is extended to the new completion area 13, so as to continue the filling operation of the second filling slurry in the new completion area 13 by means of the discharge end of the second pipeline 8.

[0130] It should be noted that the second pipeline 8 is used to convey the second filling slurry, and the specific type of the second pipeline 8 can be set according to actual needs, and there is no limitation on this.

[0131] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0132] Arranging a second crawler drill in the filling area 12;

[0133] Use the second crawler drill rig to open a second filling hole 15 in the filling area 12;

[0134] Among them, when the filling operation advances in the direction from the non-goaf area 2 to the goaf area 1, transfer the second crawler drill rig to the new filling area 12.

[0135] It can be understood that the second crawler drill rig is arranged in the filling area 12, and the second crawler drill rig is used to open the second filling hole 15 in the filling area 12, so that in the completed area 13, the second filling slurry can be filled into the cavity of the goaf area 1 by using the second filling hole 15. And when the filling operation advances in the direction from the non-goaf area 2 to the goaf area 1, transfer the second crawler drill rig to the new filling area 12, so as to continue the operation of opening the second filling hole 15 in the new filling area 12 by using the second crawler drill rig.

[0136] It should be noted that the second crawler drill rig is used to open the second filling hole 15 in the filling area 12. The specific type of the second crawler drill rig can be set according to actual needs, and there is no limitation on this. For example, the second crawler drill rig can be a light crawler drill rig.

[0137] Based on the filling method of this embodiment, it fully reflects the differential filling of the goaf area 1. According to the geological conditions and development characteristics of the goaf area 1, differential treatment of zoning governance is implemented. A total of 3 areas are divided from the front to the back, namely: the untreated area 11, the filling area 12, and the completed area 13; different grouting filling processes are adopted according to different cavity volumes. The large cavity goaf area 1 is filled with a combination of the first filling slurry and the second filling slurry, and the small cavity goaf area 1 is filled with the first filling slurry or the first liquid slurry, so as to improve the filling rate of the goaf area 1 as much as possible and ensure the treatment effect of the goaf area 1 and the high-temperature fire area; to ensure the safety of the filling treatment construction in the goaf area 1, the treatment area is divided into the area that meets the safety thickness and the area that lacks the safety thickness, and different filling processes are adopted respectively; according to the requirements of the performance of the grouting material at different positions in the treatment area, it is divided into cement loess paste (the second filling slurry) and cement loess slurry (the first filling slurry), and different grouting filling processes are adopted respectively.

[0138] The filling method of this embodiment conducts research on differential filling processes and system design according to the geological conditions, development characteristics and on-site conditions of the goaf area 1, can solve the safety and environmental protection problems brought by mine production safety and coal gangue discharge, and at the same time maximize the utilization of mine resources and realize green mining of the mine.

[0139] It should be noted that in the description of the present disclosure, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

[0140] Any process or method description, whether in a flowchart or otherwise described herein, can be understood to represent a module, segment, or portion of code including one or more executable instructions for implementing a specific logical function or process. The scope of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure includes additional implementations where functions may be executed in a substantially simultaneous manner or in the reverse order according to the functions involved, rather than in the order shown or discussed, as would be understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of the present disclosure pertain.

[0141] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0142] Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for differential filling of the safe thickness in a goaf, characterized in that Including: An untreated area, a filling area, and a completed area are sequentially formed in the direction from the goaf to the non-goaf area. When the filling operation advances and transfers in the direction from the non-goaf area to the goaf area, the filling area is converted into the new completed area, the untreated area is converted into the new filling area, and a new untreated area is formed at one end of the new filling area away from the non-goaf area; Among them, a plurality of first filling holes are arranged at intervals in the untreated area, and a first filling slurry formed by mixing a first solid aggregate and a first liquid slurry according to a first preset ratio is filled into the plurality of first filling holes in the filling area respectively; And, the safety thickness of the goaf is detected in the untreated area. When the filling operation advances in the direction from the non-goaf area to the goaf area, if the safety thickness of the goaf within a preset advancing distance is greater than a preset thickness, the first solid aggregate is prepared in the completed area, otherwise, the first solid aggregate is prepared in the non-goaf area.

2. The differentiated filling method for the safe thickness of the goaf according to claim 1, wherein The method further includes: Arranging the feeding ends of an excavation device, a crushing device, and a main conveyor belt device in the completed area or the non-goaf area, and connecting the discharging end of the crushing device and the feeding end of the main conveyor belt device; Using the excavation device to convey solid raw materials to the feeding end of the crushing device, and enabling the crushing device to crush the solid raw materials into first solid aggregates not larger than a first preset particle size; Using the main conveyor belt device to convey the first solid aggregates to the filling area; Among them, when the filling operation advances in the direction from the non-goaf area to the goaf area, and the safety thickness of the goaf within a preset advancing distance is greater than a preset thickness, the feeding ends of the excavation device, the crushing device, and the main conveyor belt device are transferred to the new completed area.

3. The goaf safety thickness differential filling method according to claim 2, wherein The method further includes: Arranging the discharging end of the main conveyor belt device and a plurality of branch conveyor belt devices in the filling area, and connecting the discharging end of the main conveyor belt device with the feeding ends of the plurality of branch conveyor belt devices respectively, and connecting the discharging ends of the plurality of branch conveyor belt devices with the plurality of first filling holes respectively; Conveying the first solid aggregates to the feeding end of the main conveyor belt device, and enabling the first solid aggregates to be filled into the plurality of first filling holes radially through the main conveyor belt device and the plurality of branch conveyor belt devices; Among them, when the filling operation advances in the direction from the non-goaf area to the goaf area, the discharging end of the main conveyor belt device and the plurality of branch conveyor belt devices are transferred to the new filling area.

4. The goaf safety thickness differential filling method according to claim 3, characterized in that The method further includes: Arranging a plurality of discharging ends of a first pipeline in the filling area, and connecting the plurality of discharging ends of the first pipeline with the plurality of first filling holes respectively; Conveying the first liquid slurry to the feeding end of the first pipeline, and enabling the first liquid slurry to be filled into the plurality of first filling holes radially through the plurality of discharging ends of the first pipeline; Among them, when the filling operation advances in the direction from the non-goaf area to the goaf area, the first pipeline is extended to the new filling area.

5. The goaf safety thickness differential filling method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method further includes: Arrange a first crawler drill in the ungoverned area; Use the first crawler drill to open the first filling hole in the ungoverned area; Wherein, when the filling operation advances in the direction from the non-goaf area to the goaf area, transfer the first crawler drill to the new ungoverned area.

6. The goaf safety thickness differential filling method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the cavity volume of the goaf is greater than a preset volume, the method further includes: Arrange a plurality of second filling holes distributed at intervals in the filling area, and fill a second filling slurry into the plurality of second filling holes respectively in the completed area, wherein the viscosity of the second filling slurry is greater than that of the first filling slurry.

7. The goaf safety thickness differential filling method according to claim 6, wherein The method further includes: Prepare a second solid aggregate not greater than a second preset particle size, and prepare a second liquid slurry; Mix the second solid aggregate and the second liquid slurry according to a second preset ratio to form the second filling slurry.

8. The gob safety thickness differential filling method according to claim 6, characterized in that The plurality of first filling holes and the plurality of second filling holes are arranged in a staggered manner, and adjacent filling holes have a preset spacing; Wherein, in each row of filling holes, two first filling holes are distributed between adjacent second filling holes; The adjacent rows are staggered by 1.5 times the preset spacing.

9. The goaf safety thickness differential filling method according to claim 6, wherein The method further includes: Arrange the discharge end of a second pipeline in the completed area, and connect the discharge end of the second pipeline to the plurality of second filling holes in sequence; Transport the second filling slurry to the feed end of the second pipeline, and make the second filling slurry fill into the plurality of second filling holes in sequence through the second pipeline; Wherein, when the filling operation advances in the direction from the non-goaf area to the goaf area, extend the discharge end of the second pipeline to the new completed area.

10. The goaf safety thickness differential filling method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method further includes: Arrange a second crawler drill in the filling area; Use the second crawler drill to open the second filling hole in the filling area; Wherein, when the filling operation advances in the direction from the non-goaf area to the goaf area, transfer the second crawler drill to the new filling area.

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