Method and system for determining agricultural and pastoral area water network water guiding and lifting project scale layout

Abstract

The invention discloses an agricultural and pastoral area water network water guiding and lifting project scale layout determination method and system, and the method comprises the steps: collecting the data of an agricultural and pastoral area, dividing the data into a calling-out area and a calling-in area, dividing the calling-out area into a plurality of sub-calling-out areas by taking a water taking section as a boundary point, and obtaining the adjustable water amount of each sub-calling-out area; water resource supply and demand analysis is carried out on the calling-in area, and the water deficit amount and the water deficit process of the calling-in area are obtained; screening the sub calling-out areas as an initial water source, constructing a water source scheme set, and taking the water shortage amount and the water shortage process of the calling-in area as input of a pre-constructed water resource allocation model to obtain a water resource allocation scheme; and respectively drawing up an initial water transfer project layout scheme set and an initial water delivery project layout scheme set based on the water resource allocation scheme, and screening out an optimal scheme as a farming and pastoral area water network water guiding and lifting project scale layout scheme. The problems of non-uniform spatial distribution of water resources in agricultural and pastoral areas and prominent contradiction between supply and demand are solved, and efficient and reasonable allocation of the water resources is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for determining the scale layout of water diversion and pumping projects in rural and pastoral areas. Background Art

[0002] As an important national base for agricultural and pastoral production, the rational development and utilization of water resources in rural and pastoral areas are directly related to regional economic development, ecological environment stability, and the improvement of residents' living quality. However, affected by factors such as topography and climate conditions, water resources in rural and pastoral areas often show the characteristics of uneven temporal and spatial distribution. In some areas, precipitation is scarce and surface runoff is lacking, while the demand for water resources in agricultural and pastoral production, residents' living, and ecological construction is increasing day by day, resulting in the intensification of the contradiction between water supply and demand.

[0003] Traditional methods for determining the scale layout of water diversion and pumping projects in rural and pastoral areas mostly rely on empirical judgment and simple water balance calculations, lacking comprehensive consideration of factors such as regional topography, hydrogeological conditions, and dynamic changes in water demand. This makes the engineering planning have many defects, such as unreasonable engineering layout leading to high water conveyance costs and low water resource allocation efficiency, being difficult to meet the water demand in different regions and different periods, and even possibly having a negative impact on the ecological environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a scientific, systematic, and accurate method for determining the scale layout of water diversion and pumping projects in rural and pastoral areas to achieve the optimal allocation of water resources and the maximization of project benefits. The present invention proposes a method and system for determining the scale layout of water diversion and pumping projects in rural and pastoral areas to solve the above existing problems and improve the water resource utilization efficiency and ensure the water supply safety in rural and pastoral areas. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Object of the Invention: To provide a method for determining the scale layout of water diversion and pumping projects in rural and pastoral areas to solve the above problems existing in the prior art. On the other hand, to provide a system for determining the scale layout of water diversion and pumping projects in rural and pastoral areas.

[0005] Technical Solution: The method for determining the scale layout of water diversion and pumping projects in rural and pastoral areas includes the following steps: Step S1: Collect data of rural and pastoral areas and divide them into a water transfer-out area and a water transfer-in area. Take the water intake section as the boundary point and divide the water transfer-out area into several sub-water transfer-out areas to obtain the adjustable water volume of each sub-water transfer-out area; Step S2: Extract historical data of rural and pastoral areas, conduct a water resource supply-demand analysis on the water transfer-in area, and obtain the water shortage volume and water shortage process of the water transfer-in area; Step S3: Screen sub-water transfer-out areas as initial water sources, construct a water source plan set, and use it together with the water shortage volume and water shortage process of the water transfer-in area as the input of a pre-constructed water resource allocation model to obtain a water resource allocation plan; Step S4: Based on the water resource allocation plan, respectively formulate the initial water diversion project layout plan set and the initial water conveyance project layout plan set, and screen out the optimal plan as the preliminary optimal plan. Calculate the water shortage after the implementation of the preliminary optimal plan and adjust the water demand of flexible industries. Iterate repeatedly to obtain the optimal plan, which is the scale layout plan of the water diversion and pumping project in the rural and pastoral water network.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present application, step S1 is further as follows: Step S11: Collect data of rural and pastoral areas, including: topographic data, hydrogeological data, and water resource data; Step S12: Based on the topographic data, identify the candidate areas for the water transfer out area and the candidate areas for the water transfer in area; Step S13: Calculate the total annual average water resources of the candidate areas for the water transfer out area, and calculate the exploitable amount of the candidate areas for the water transfer out area. Combine the ecological water demand and the reserved water volume for future development to obtain the water resource surplus situation of the candidate areas for the water transfer out area, and screen out the water transfer out area; Step S14: Connect the maximum value of the water demand of fixed industries and flexible industries in rural and pastoral areas with the available water resources in the candidate areas for the water transfer in area as the input of the pre-constructed adaptive optimization random forest water use model in rural and pastoral areas, simulate the water shortage in the candidate areas for the water transfer in area, and screen out the water transfer in area; Step S15: Divide the water transfer out area into several sub-water transfer out areas with the water intake section as the boundary point, and calculate the available water volume of each sub-water transfer out area.

[0007] According to one aspect of the present application, step S15 is further as follows: Step S15a: Extract the topographic data, hydrogeological data, and water resource data of the water transfer out area, identify the sections, and construct a point layer based on the longitude and latitude coordinates of the sections. Add all the sections to the point layer in the form of points in sequence; Step S15b: Set a buffer distance with each section point as the center to obtain the corresponding buffer surface, and divide the water transfer out area with the obtained buffer surface as the division boundary to obtain several initial sub-water transfer out areas; Step S15c: Remove the part of the buffer surface that exceeds the boundary of the water transfer out area to obtain several sub-water transfer out areas; Step S15d: Calculate the available water volume of each sub-water transfer out area in sequence.

[0008] According to one aspect of the present application, step S2 is further as follows: Step S21: Extract the historical data of rural and pastoral areas, divide the water use objects in the water transfer in area into crop irrigation, livestock breeding water use, urban domestic water use, rural domestic water use, industrial water use, and ecological water replenishment, and calculate the required water volume by using the itemized quota method; Step S22: Based on the population growth plan in the water transfer-in area, the upgrading plan of the agriculture and animal husbandry industries, and the construction plan of the industrial park, extract the historical water consumption data in the water transfer-in area and input it into the pre-constructed water demand prediction model to calculate the water demand for different months and seasons. Step S23: Calculate the available surface water resources based on the multi-year average runoff data of the hydrological station, the ecological base flow in the river channel, and the water demand for shipping. Step S24: Calculate the water shortage amount based on the water demand in each planned year and the total available water resources, use the mathematical statistics method to determine the water shortage process in the water transfer-in area for different months and seasons, draw the historical water shortage curve, that is, the water shortage process of the water transfer-in area. According to one aspect of the present application, step S3 is further as follows: Step S31: Extract the data of each sub-water transfer-out area to construct a water source database, and the water source database includes: water source location coordinates, adjustable water volume, and water quality grade. Step S32: Construct an evaluation system for each sub-water transfer-out area respectively, set the target layer as the selection of the optimal water intake source, the criterion layer as water source conditions, water conveyance distance, and pumping head, and the scheme layer as the water sources of each sub-water transfer-out area in the water transfer-out area; construct a judgment matrix. Step S33: Use the analytic hierarchy process to determine the weights of the criterion layer, and use the subjective and objective combination method to determine the weights of the water source conditions, water conveyance distance, and pumping head of each sub-water transfer-out area and configure the judgment matrix together. Step S34: Calculate the adaptation scores of the water sources of each sub-water transfer-out area based on the water shortage amount in the water transfer-in area, select the water sources with the top n% scores as alternative water sources, and construct a water source scheme set based on the water transfer start time, water transfer duration, and water transfer flow change process, where n is a positive integer greater than 10 and less than 30. Step S35: Construct a water resources allocation model, extract the water source scheme set together with the water shortage amount and water shortage process in the water transfer-in area as inputs, and use the adaptive elite simulated annealing genetic algorithm to solve the model to obtain the water resources allocation scheme.

[0009] According to one aspect of the present application, step S35 is further as follows: Step S35a: Construct a water resources allocation model, the objective function is: water resources supply and demand balance, and the constraint conditions include: water source adjustable water volume constraint, water use demand constraint in the water transfer-in area, and ecological water use constraint. Step S35b: Use real number coding to encode each water transfer scheme as a real number vector, and randomly generate several water transfer schemes that meet the constraint conditions as the initial population. Step S35c: Calculate the fitness of each water transfer scheme, and directly retain the top m% of the water transfer schemes with the highest fitness in the current population in the secondary water transfer scheme set, where m is a positive integer greater than 5 and less than 10, and use the roulette wheel selection method to randomly select individuals from the remaining water transfer schemes to enter the secondary water transfer scheme set. Step S35d: Randomly select two water transfer schemes from the secondary water transfer scheme set as parent individuals, calculate the average fitness and the maximum fitness of the secondary water transfer scheme set, dynamically adjust the crossover probability, and perform single-point crossover on the two parent individuals with this probability to generate two new water transfer schemes as offspring individuals; Step S35e: Perform mutation operations on each offspring individual, calculate the change in fitness before and after mutation and determine whether to accept it. Iterate repeatedly until the change rate of the objective function value is less than the threshold for consecutive x generations, then stop the iteration. The water transfer scheme corresponding to the individual with the highest fitness obtained is the water resources allocation scheme, where x is a positive integer greater than or equal to 5.

[0010] According to one aspect of the present application, step S4 is further as follows: Step S41: Based on the water resources allocation scheme, screen the cross-sections of several sub-outflow areas as water sources, and use them as the input of the pre-constructed water source compensation scheduling model. Simulate the water volume allocation between various water sources under different hydrological conditions to obtain the water transfer project layout scheme; Step S42: Based on the water shortage process in the water-inflow area, combined with the topography, administrative division and existing water conservancy facilities, determine the main control points of the water conveyance line, draw the water conveyance line based on the control points, and construct the initial water conveyance project layout scheme set; Step S43: Calculate the technical and economic indicators of each initial water conveyance project layout scheme respectively and input them into the pre-constructed multi-objective decision-making model. Solve the model to obtain the optimal scheme as the preliminary optimal scheme of the water conveyance project layout; Step S44: Calculate the water shortage in the rural and pastoral areas after the implementation of the water transfer project layout scheme and the preliminary optimal scheme of the water conveyance project layout based on the water shortage curve in the rural and pastoral areas. Gradually reduce the water demand of the flexible industries in the rural and pastoral areas from the maximum value and adjust the water transfer project layout scheme and the water conveyance project layout scheme in turn. Iterate repeatedly until the water shortage is 0 or the water demand of the flexible industries in the rural and pastoral areas is reduced to the minimum threshold to obtain the layout scheme of the water diversion and pumping project scale in the rural and pastoral water network.

[0011] According to one aspect of the present application, step S41 is further as follows: Step S41a: Construct a water source compensation scheduling model based on system engineering theory and optimization algorithms; Step S41b: Based on the water resources allocation scheme and the total water resources, annual runoff stability, and water quality conditions of each sub-outflow area, screen the cross-sections of several sub-outflow areas as water sources; Step S41c: Input the selected water sources into the water source compensation scheduling model, simulate the water volume allocation process between various water sources, obtain the optimal water transfer volume of each water source under different hydrological conditions, and determine the water intake location, water transfer scale and water transfer period of each water transfer project, that is, the water transfer project layout scheme.

[0012] According to one aspect of the present application, step S43 is further as follows: Step S43a: Construct a multi-objective decision-making model based on the weight optimization method; Step S43b: For each initial layout plan of the water conveyance project, calculate the technical and economic indicators respectively. The technical indicators include: the length of the water conveyance line, the water loss rate during the water conveyance process, the water conveyance capacity, and the engineering construction difficulty coefficient. The economic indicators include: the engineering construction investment, the annual operation and maintenance cost, the investment payback period, the net present value, and the internal rate of return; Step S43c: Input the technical and economic indicators corresponding to each initial layout plan of the water conveyance project into the multi-objective decision-making model in sequence, and calculate the initial layout plan of the water conveyance project with the highest comprehensive benefit as the preliminary optimal layout plan of the water conveyance project; Step S43d: Obtain the preliminary layout plan of the scale of the water diversion and pumping project in the rural and pastoral water network, including the layout plan of the water diversion project and the preliminary optimal layout plan of the water conveyance project.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a system for determining the scale layout of a water diversion and pumping project in a rural and pastoral water network, including: At least one processor; and A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions executable by the processor, and the instructions are used to be executed by the processor to implement the method for determining the scale layout of the water diversion and pumping project in the rural and pastoral water network according to any one of the above technical solutions.

[0014] Beneficial effects: By adopting the method for determining the scale layout of the water diversion and pumping project in the rural and pastoral water network, the water resource situation and water use demand in the rural and pastoral areas are comprehensively and accurately analyzed, the scale and layout of the water diversion and pumping project are reasonably planned, the water resource utilization efficiency is improved, the water supply safety and ecological balance in the rural and pastoral areas are guaranteed, and the sustainable development of the regional economy and society is promoted. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0015] Figure 1 is the flowchart of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 is the flowchart of step S1 of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 is the flowchart of step S2 of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 is the flowchart of step S3 of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 is the flowchart of step S4 of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0020] As Figure 1As shown, the following technical solutions are proposed. According to one aspect of the present application, a method for determining the scale layout of water diversion and pumping projects in rural and pastoral areas is provided, which is characterized by including the following steps: Step S1: Collect data of rural and pastoral areas, and divide them into water transfer-out areas and water transfer-in areas. Take the water intake section as the boundary point to divide the water transfer-out area into several sub-water transfer-out areas, and obtain the adjustable water volume of each sub-water transfer-out area; Step S2: Extract historical data of rural and pastoral areas, conduct a water resources supply and demand analysis on the water transfer-in area, and obtain the water shortage volume and water shortage process of the water transfer-in area; Step S3: Screen sub-water transfer-out areas as initial water sources, construct a water source scheme set, and use it together with the water shortage volume and water shortage process of the water transfer-in area as the input of the pre-constructed water resources allocation model to obtain a water resources allocation scheme; Step S4: Based on the water resources allocation scheme, respectively formulate an initial water diversion project layout scheme set and an initial water conveyance project layout scheme set, and screen out the optimal scheme as the preliminary optimal scheme. Calculate the water shortage volume after the implementation of the preliminary optimal scheme and adjust the water demand of flexible industries, and repeatedly iterate to obtain the optimal scheme, which is the scale layout scheme of the water diversion and pumping projects in rural and pastoral areas.

[0021] According to one aspect of the present application, Step S1 is further as follows: Step S11: Collect data of rural and pastoral areas, including: topographic data, hydrogeological data, and water resources data; Using geographic information system technology, remote sensing technology, and on-site survey means, comprehensively collect rural and pastoral area topographic data, including contour lines, slopes, aspect, hydrogeological data, and water resources data, where hydrogeological data includes: aquifer distribution, groundwater level, water quality, and water resources data includes: river hydrological data, total water resources, development and utilization status. At the same time, collect population distribution, industrial structure, and agricultural and pastoral production scale data.

[0022] Step S12: Based on the topographic data, identify candidate areas for water transfer-out areas and candidate areas for water transfer-in areas; Topography affects the natural flow and distribution of water resources. Areas with higher terrain are usually water source gathering areas, and areas with lower terrain may be short of water due to water resource scarcity or large water demand. In this embodiment, potential water transfer-out areas and water transfer-in areas are initially screened by dividing terrain areas; Based on the topographic data, calculate the average altitude and altitude standard deviation of rural and pastoral areas, calculate the altitude threshold based on the average altitude and altitude standard deviation, mark the area with an altitude lower than the altitude threshold as the area with lower terrain, and mark the area with an altitude higher than the altitude threshold as the area with higher terrain; Based on the obtained topographic data, calculate the average altitude and altitude standard deviation of rural and pastoral areas through the GIS spatial analysis function, and calculate the altitude threshold using the formula, specifically: Altitude threshold = average altitude - K altitude standard deviation, where K is an empirical coefficient with a value range of 1 - 1.5; Mark the areas with altitude lower than the altitude threshold as low-lying areas, and the areas higher than the altitude threshold as high-lying areas.

[0023] Collect the groundwater level data of the groundwater monitoring wells in the rural and pastoral areas, calculate the groundwater decline rate of each monitoring well and take the average value to obtain the average decline rate and the corresponding standard deviation in the rural and pastoral areas, and calculate the water level decline threshold. Mark the areas where the groundwater level decline rate is greater than the water level decline threshold as areas with obvious groundwater level decline; Step S13: Calculate the total annual average water resources volume of the candidate areas in the water transfer out area, calculate the exploitable and utilizable volume of the candidate areas in the water transfer out area, combine the ecological water demand and the reserved water volume for future development to obtain the water resources surplus situation of the candidate areas in the water transfer out area, and screen out the water transfer out area; Step S14: Connect the maximum value of the water demand of the fixed industries and the flexible industries in the rural and pastoral areas with the available water resources volume of the candidate areas in the water transfer in area as the input of the pre-constructed adaptive optimization random forest water use model in the rural and pastoral areas, simulate the water shortage volume of the candidate areas in the water transfer in area, and screen out the water transfer in area; Step S15: Divide the water transfer out area into several sub-water transfer out areas with the water intake section as the boundary point, and calculate the adjustable water volume of each sub-water transfer out area.

[0024] In a certain embodiment, specifically: The total area of rural and pastoral area A is about 3000 km 2 , the terrain is mainly high mountains, valleys and river valley basins, the average annual precipitation is about 600 mm, the water resources in the upper reaches of the river valley are rich, but the vegetation coverage is low and the ecology is sensitive; 70% of the rural and pastoral industries are concentrated in the downstream basin, but there is a shortage of water resources in the dry season, and over-extraction of groundwater has led to grassland degradation; Collect topographic data, hydrogeological data and water resources data, and based on the topography, identify the upper reaches of the river valley as the candidate area for the water transfer out area and the downstream basin as the candidate area for the water transfer in area. Although a certain tributary in the upper reaches has a large runoff, because it flows through a wetland reserve area, in order to protect the ecological sensitive area, this area is excluded from the water transfer out area; Calculate that the total annual average water resources volume of the candidate area for the water transfer out area in the upper reaches is 120 million m 3 , deduct the ecological water demand of 40 million m 3 and the reserved water volume of 20 million m for future livestock husbandry development 3 , and determine that the surplus volume is 60 million m 3 ; Input the water demand of the fixed industries in the rural and pastoral areas of 30 million m 3 and the water demand of the flexible industries of 20 million m 3 , and simulate that the water shortage volume in the downstream water transfer in area is 50 million m 3, screen out the range of the transfer-in area; Extract the river cross-sections of the upstream transfer-out area and construct a layer of longitude and latitude point data; Set a 5-km buffer zone centered on the cross-section and divide the transfer-out area into 3 initial sub-transfer-out areas; Remove the part of the buffer zone that extends beyond the boundary of the transfer-out area to finally determine 3 sub-transfer-out areas; Calculate the available water volume of each sub-transfer-out area: Sub-region 1 (0.2 billion m 3 ), Sub-region 2 (0.3 billion m 3 ), Sub-region 3 (0.1 billion m 3 ); Through the logic of "data-driven - spatial subdivision - dynamic simulation", the present invention incorporates complex terrain, ecological vulnerability, and the elastic water demand characteristics of the agricultural and pastoral industries into the water resources allocation system, and can achieve the coordinated optimization of ecological protection and industrial development.

[0025] According to one aspect of the present application, step S15 is further as follows: Step S15a: Extract the topographic data, hydrogeological data, and water resources data of the transfer-out area, identify the cross-sections, and construct a point layer based on the longitude and latitude coordinates of the cross-sections. Sequentially add all the cross-sections to the point layer in the form of points; Step S15b: Set a buffer distance centered on each cross-section point to obtain the corresponding buffer zone surface, and divide the transfer-out area with the obtained buffer zone surface as the division boundary to obtain several initial sub-transfer-out areas; The buffer distance can be determined according to the actual terrain and engineering requirements, and generally ranges from 500 to 2000 meters; Dividing the initial sub-transfer-out areas with the cross-section buffer zone surface as the division boundary, the initially divided sub-transfer-out areas can better reflect the distribution and flow characteristics of water resources.

[0026] Step S15c: Remove the part of the buffer zone surface that extends beyond the boundary of the transfer-out area to obtain several sub-transfer-out areas; Using the topological analysis function of GIS, remove the part of the buffer zone surface that extends beyond the boundary of the transfer-out area and correct the initial sub-transfer-out areas to obtain several reasonable sub-transfer-out areas.

[0027] Step S15d: Sequentially calculate the available water volume of each sub-transfer-out area.

[0028] Combined with the terrain, underlying surface conditions, and water resources distribution data of the sub-transfer-out areas, use a hydrological analysis model to sequentially calculate the available water volume of each sub-transfer-out area.

[0029] According to one aspect of the present application, step S2 is further as follows: Step S21: Extract the historical data of rural and pastoral areas. Divide the water users in the water transfer-in area into irrigation for planting, livestock breeding water use, urban domestic water use, rural domestic water use, industrial water use, and ecological water replenishment. Calculate the required water volume using the itemized quota method. According to the relevant national or local water use quota standards and combined with the local actual situation, calculate the required water volume for various water users respectively. The irrigation water requirement for planting is calculated based on the crop planting area and the irrigation quota per unit area, and the sum of the irrigation water requirements for all crops is obtained; the livestock breeding water requirement is calculated based on the number of livestock and the daily water consumption per unit livestock; urban domestic water use and rural domestic water use are calculated based on the population and the per capita daily water use standard; industrial water use is calculated based on the industrial output value and the water consumption per unit output value; ecological water replenishment is determined according to the ecological protection target and relevant ecological water requirement calculation methods.

[0030] Step S22: Based on the population growth plan, agricultural and pastoral industry upgrading plan, and industrial park construction plan in the water transfer-in area, extract the historical water use data of the water transfer-in area and input it into the pre-constructed water demand prediction model to calculate the water demand for different months and seasons. Among them, the historical water use data should collect at least 5 - 10 years of monthly water use data. Step S23: Calculate the available surface water resources based on the multi-year average runoff data of the hydrological station, the ecological base flow in the river channel, and the water demand for shipping. Step S24: Calculate the water shortage volume based on the water demand and the total available water resources in each planning year. Use the mathematical statistics method to determine the water shortage process in the water transfer-in area in different months and seasons, and draw the historical water shortage curve, that is, the water shortage process of the water transfer-in area.

[0031] Based on the historical water use data of rural and pastoral areas and the available water resources, calculate the water shortage volume at each time node = water demand - available water resources. Taking time as the horizontal axis and the water shortage volume or water shortage rate as the vertical axis, draw a continuous curve through statistical analysis to reflect the time distribution law of water shortage within the historical cycle. In the northwest rural and pastoral areas, the spring precipitation is less, but the water demand for spring plowing irrigation is large, and the historical water shortage curve shows a high water shortage peak in spring; although the precipitation increases in summer, the evaporation is large and the livestock enter the fattening period, and the water shortage curve may still remain high. The spatio-temporal distribution of precipitation in rural and pastoral areas is uneven, and the dependence on surface water is high, resulting in obvious climate periodicity of water shortage. In mountainous rural and pastoral areas, due to the large river channel drop and insufficient reservoir regulation capacity, the available water volume suddenly decreases during the dry season, and the curve shows continuous water shortage in winter. In grassland pastoral areas, due to over-exploitation of groundwater, the water source decays, and the water shortage trend in the historical curve increases with the years.

[0032] In a further embodiment, step S21 further includes a water demand tracking method for herd trajectory recognition, specifically: Obtain the GPS trajectory data of representative herds, divide the transferred-in area into grid cells, count the residence time of herds and the number of livestock in each grid cell, calculate the dynamic water demand intensity, and generate the spatio-temporal distribution map of water use for livestock farming.

[0033] In other words, install GPS positioning devices on representative herds, obtain trajectory data, count the residence time and density of herds in each grid cell, calculate the dynamic water demand intensity, and output the spatio-temporal water demand distribution map.

[0034] In this embodiment, in view of the technical problem that the traditional static statistical method according to administrative regions cannot reflect the nomadic migration law, a dynamic water demand calculation mechanism based on the actual location of herds is adopted; specifically, the positioning accuracy of the GPS positioning device is preferably ±10 meters, and the data update frequency is once per hour. Representative herds refer to herds with typical migration patterns in the area, usually selected by sampling 8-15% of the total number of herds.

[0035] A grid cell refers to the basic statistical unit formed by spatially dividing the transferred-in area into square grids of 500 meters × 500 meters. In the trajectory data T(x, y, t), x and y respectively represent the longitude and latitude coordinates of the herd at time t, and t represents the timestamp.

[0036] The calculation formula for the dynamic water demand intensity is: W(x, y, t) = Σ(N_i × D_i × t_stay_i); Where: W(x, y, t) represents the water demand intensity of the grid cell (x, y) at time t, with the unit of cubic meters per day; N_i represents the number of livestock in the i-th herd, with the unit of heads; D_i represents the daily water consumption quota for a single type of livestock, which is 40-60 liters per head per day for adult cattle and 4-8 liters per head per day for adult sheep; t_stay_i represents the residence time of the i-th herd in this grid cell, with the unit of days.

[0037] In some embodiments, when the residence time of the herd in a certain grid cell exceeds 72 hours, it is necessary to consider the correction of the residence time due to grassland degradation, and the correction coefficient can be set to 0.8-0.95; preferably, for seasonal pastures, the weight coefficient of the residence time in spring pastures is set to 1.2, in summer pastures is 1.0, in autumn pastures is 0.9, and in winter pastures is 1.1.

[0038] For example, in the application in a certain pastoral area, by installing GPS devices on 120 herds and monitoring for 18 months, about 250,000 pieces of herd trajectory data are obtained; the calculation results show that the peak value of the water demand intensity in summer pastures reaches 3.2 cubic meters per square kilometer per day, while the estimated value of the traditional static calculation method is only 1.8 cubic meters per square kilometer per day, with an error of 44%.

[0039] In another embodiment of the present application, step S22 further includes a multi-variety phenological period weighted fusion method, specifically: Investigate the distribution of forage grass varieties in the transferred-in area, calculate the area proportion and productivity weight of each variety, calculate the standard water requirement of each variety based on phenological period characteristics, and obtain the comprehensive water requirement of the mixed pasture through weighted fusion.

[0040] Specifically, investigate the pasture variety distribution, calculate the phenological period weight of each variety, fuse the water requirements of multiple varieties in the phenological period, and calculate the comprehensive compensation water requirement.

[0041] In this embodiment, aiming at the technical problem that the calculation of the single-variety phenological period cannot reflect the complex situation of the mixed pasture, a multi-variety weighted phenological period fusion algorithm is adopted. The variety distribution investigation refers to the statistics of the forage grass varieties and their area proportions in the transferred-in area through the quadrat method. The quadrat specifications are preferably 1 m × 1 m, and 1 quadrat is set for every 100 mu.

[0042] The phenological period weight refers to the importance coefficient of each forage grass variety in the comprehensive water requirement calculation. The calculation formula for the variety weight is: α_i = Area_ratio_i × Productivity_weight_i; where: α_i represents the comprehensive weight of the i-th variety; Area_ratio_i represents the area proportion of the i-th variety; Productivity_weight_i represents the productivity weight coefficient of the i-th variety, 1.2 for Leymus chinensis, 1.0 for Stipa capillata, 0.8 for Agropyron cristatum, 0.9 for Elymus dahuricus, and 0.7 for other varieties.

[0043] The calculation formula for fusing the water requirements in the phenological period is: W_mixed(t) = Σ(α_i × W_species_i(t)); Where: W_mixed(t) represents the water requirement of the mixed pasture at time t, in cubic meters per hectare per day; W_species_i(t) represents the standard water requirement of the i-th variety at time t.

[0044] The calculation formula for the comprehensive compensation water requirement is: W_comp_mixed(t) = W_mixed(t) - R_effective(t) Where: W_comp_mixed(t) represents the comprehensive compensation water requirement at time t; R_effective(t) represents the effective precipitation at time t.

[0045] In some embodiments, when the pasture degradation degree exceeds moderate, the productivity weight coefficients of each variety need to be attenuated and corrected. The attenuation coefficient can be set to 0.6 - 0.8. Preferably, for areas with a relatively high grazing intensity, the productivity weight coefficient of Leymus chinensis can be adjusted to 1.0 to reflect its strong stress resistance characteristics.

[0046] For example, in the application in a certain alpine meadow, the grassland mainly consists of Leymus chinensis (35%), Stipa capillata (28%), Agropyron cristatum (22%), and Elymus dahuricus (15%). Through the weighted fusion calculation of the phenological period, the mixed water demand in June is obtained as 4.8 cubic meters per hectare per day, while the result calculated by the traditional single variety is 3.2 cubic meters per hectare per day, and the calculation accuracy is improved by 50% considering the variety differences.

[0047] In another embodiment of the present application, as Figure 4 shown, step S23 further includes a pulse intensity-duration joint evaluation method, specifically: Analyze the multi-year runoff data of the hydrological station, identify intermittent water sources, calculate the pulse intensity index and duration index of each water source, establish a utilization value function, and correct the available amount of intermittent water sources.

[0048] Or, calculate the pulse intensity index and duration index, establish a utilization value function, and correct the available amount of intermittent water sources.

[0049] In this embodiment, for the technical problem that simply calculating by the number of days with water cannot reflect the pulse intensity difference, a two-dimensional intensity-time evaluation mechanism is adopted. The pulse intensity refers to the ratio of the flow peak value of the intermittent water source during the water period to the available flow threshold. The duration refers to the cumulative number of days when the water source flow continuously exceeds the available threshold.

[0050] Pulse intensity index I_pulse = Q_max / Q_threshold; Where: I_pulse represents the pulse intensity index, dimensionless; Q_max represents the maximum daily flow during the observation period, in cubic meters per second; Q_threshold represents the available flow threshold, usually set as 20% of the multi-year average flow.

[0051] Duration index T_duration = Σ(Days_above_threshold); Where: T_duration represents the duration index, in days; Days_above_threshold represents the number of days when the annual flow exceeds the threshold.

[0052] Utilization value function V = I_pulse α × T_duration β ; Where: V represents the value of the utilization value function, dimensionless; α represents the intensity weight index, and the preferred value is 0.6; β represents the time weight index, and the preferred value is 0.4.

[0053] Corrected available quantity \(Q_{available\_corrected}=Q_{peak}\times V\times Technical\_efficiency\); Wherein: \(Q_{available\_corrected}\) represents the corrected available quantity, with the unit of \(10^4\ m^3 / year\); \(Q_{peak}\) represents the peak flow rate, with the unit of \(m^3 / s\); Technical_efficiency represents the technology development efficiency, which is set to 0.3 - 0.7 according to the terrain conditions.

[0054] In some embodiments, when the pulse intensity index exceeds 5.0, the influence of flood risk on the technology development efficiency needs to be considered, and the correction coefficient can be set to 0.5 - 0.8; preferably, for small seasonal water sources with a catchment area less than 50 square kilometers, the time weight index \(\beta\) can be adjusted to 0.5 to highlight the importance of persistence.

[0055] For example, in the application in a certain arid area, 38 intermittent water sources were monitored for 5 years. Among them, the pulse intensity of water source A is 8.2 and the duration is 45 days. The calculated utilization value is 2.85 and the corrected available quantity is \(26.4\times10^4\ m^3 / year\); the pulse intensity of water source B is 2.1 and the duration is 120 days. The utilization value is 2.12 and the corrected available quantity is \(18.7\times10^4\ m^3 / year\). The traditional method only calculates according to the duration, and the evaluation result of water source B is higher than that of water source A. However, considering the pulse intensity, the actual development value of water source A is higher.

[0056] Through the above steps, the accurate calculation of the available quantity of intermittent water sources is realized, the recognition accuracy rate reaches 87%, and the calculation error is controlled within ±12%.

[0057] According to one aspect of the present application, step S3 is further as follows: Step S31: Extract the data of each sub - water - transfer - out area to construct a water source database, where the water source database includes: water source location coordinates, adjustable water volume, and water quality grade; Step S32: Construct an evaluation system for each sub - water - transfer - out area respectively. Set the target layer as the selection of the optimal water intake source, the criterion layer as water source conditions, water conveyance distance, and pumping head, and the scheme layer as the water sources of each sub - water - transfer - out area of the water - transfer - out area; construct a judgment matrix; Step S33: Use the analytic hierarchy process to determine the weights of the criterion layer, and use the subjective - objective combination method to determine the weights of the water source conditions, water conveyance distance, and pumping head of each sub - water - transfer - out area and configure the judgment matrix together; Step S34: Calculate the adaptation scores of the water sources in each sub-outflow area based on the water shortage in the inflow area, select the water sources with the top n% scores as alternative water sources, and construct a water source plan set based on the water transfer start time, water transfer duration, and water transfer flow rate change process, where n is a positive integer greater than 10 and less than 30; Step S35: Construct a water resources allocation model, extract the water source plan set together with the water shortage and water shortage process in the inflow area as inputs, and use the adaptive elite simulated annealing genetic algorithm to solve the model to obtain the water resources allocation plan.

[0058] In another embodiment of the present application, step S3 can also be: Extract the data of each sub-outflow area to construct a water source database, which includes: water source location coordinates, available water volume, and water quality grade.

[0059] In this embodiment, to address the technical problem that the traditional water source database cannot reflect the time-varying characteristics of intermittent water sources, a time-varying water source database construction mechanism is adopted. The water source location coordinates refer to the longitude and latitude coordinates of the water intake section of each sub-outflow area, using the WGS84 coordinate system, and the positioning accuracy is preferably ±5 meters. The available water volume refers to the maximum exploitable and utilizable amount of each water source under standard conditions, with the unit of 10,000 cubic meters / year. The water quality grade refers to the water quality category divided according to the national surface water environmental quality standard, including Class I, Class II, Class III, Class IV, and Class V.

[0060] Based on the pulse characteristics of intermittent water sources, add a time-varying available water volume field to the water source database to record the available time window of each water source.

[0061] The time-varying available water volume field includes the pulse intensity coefficient, available time window, and peak flow duration. The available time window refers to the time period when the water source flow exceeds the available threshold, with the start and end times represented by Julian days. The calculation formula for the time-varying available water volume is: Q_time_varying(t) = Q_available_corrected × Availability_factor(t); Where Q_time_varying(t) represents the available water volume at time t, Q_available_corrected represents the corrected available volume, and Availability_factor(t) represents the available coefficient at time t, with a value range of 0-1.

[0062] Construct an evaluation system for each sub-outflow area, set the target layer as the selection of the optimal water intake source, the criterion layer as water source conditions, water transfer distance, and pumping head, and the scheme layer as the water sources in each sub-outflow area of the outflow area; construct a judgment matrix.

[0063] The evaluation indicators of water source conditions include the stability of adjustable water volume, water quality grade, and the continuity of available time. The water conveyance distance refers to the straight-line distance from the water intake point of the water source to the water transfer-in area, with the unit of kilometers; the pumping head is the vertical height difference from the water level of the water source to the designed elevation of the water conveyance pipeline, with the unit of meters; the judgment matrix is constructed using the 1-9 scale method, and the matrix dimension is 3×3.

[0064] The analytic hierarchy process is used to determine the weights of the criterion layer, and the subjective and objective combination method is used to determine the weights of the water source conditions, water conveyance distance, and pumping head for each sub-water transfer-out area and configure the judgment matrix together.

[0065] The weights of the criterion layer are calculated by the eigenvalue method, and the consistency ratio CR is controlled below 0.1. The subjective weights are determined by the expert scoring method, and the objective weights are calculated by the entropy method. The calculation formula for the comprehensive weight is: W_comprehensive = α × W_subjective + (1 - α) × W_objective; Among them, W_comprehensive represents the comprehensive weight, W_subjective represents the subjective weight, W_objective represents the objective weight, and α represents the subjective and objective weight balance coefficient, with the optimal value of 0.6.

[0066] Based on the water shortage volume in the water transfer-in area, the adaptation scores of the water sources in each sub-water transfer-out area are calculated respectively, the alternative water sources are screened, and a water source scheme set is constructed based on the water transfer start time, water transfer duration, and water transfer flow rate change process.

[0067] The calculation formula for the adaptation score is: Score_matching = Σ(W_i × Normalized_value_i); Among them, Score_matching represents the adaptation score, W_i represents the weight of the i-th evaluation index, Normalized_value_i represents the normalized value of the i-th index, and the water sources with the top 20% of the adaptation score rankings are selected as alternative water sources.

[0068] The water source scheme set includes single water source schemes and multi-water source combination schemes. The water transfer start time is determined based on the peak moment of the water shortage process in the water transfer-in area. The water transfer duration is calculated according to the available time window of the alternative water sources. The water transfer flow rate change process is described by a piecewise linear function.

[0069] A spatio-temporal water resources allocation model is constructed, and the water source scheme set together with the water shortage volume and water shortage process in the water transfer-in area is extracted as the input to obtain the water resources allocation scheme.

[0070] In this embodiment, to address the technical problem that traditional configuration models ignore spatio-temporal characteristics, a spatio-temporal water resources configuration model is constructed. The objective function of the spatio-temporal configuration model is: minimize Σ Σ Σ |Supply(x,y,t) - Demand(x,y,t)|; where Supply(x,y,t) represents the water supply at the spatio-temporal location (x,y) at time t, and Demand(x,y,t) represents the corresponding water demand.

[0071] The constraint conditions include water transfer volume constraints of water sources, water use demand constraints in the receiving areas, ecological water use constraints, and time window constraints. The expression of the time window constraint is: Σ(Q_source_i × Window_i(t)) ≥ Demand_spatial(x,y,t); where Q_source_i represents the water transfer volume of the i-th water source, and Window_i(t) represents the available state of the i-th water source at time t, with a value of 0 or 1.

[0072] The model is solved using an adaptive elitist simulated annealing genetic algorithm. The population size is set to 100, the maximum number of iterations is 500, the crossover probability is 0.8, and the mutation probability is 0.1.

[0073] In some embodiments, when the water shortage distribution in the receiving area shows obvious spatial aggregation characteristics, a zoning configuration strategy can be adopted. The receiving area is divided into 2 - 4 configuration sub-areas for optimization calculation respectively; preferably, for areas with obvious seasonal water shortage, the weight coefficient of the time window constraint can be set to 1.5 - 2.0.

[0074] Through the above steps, scientific screening and spatio-temporal optimization configuration of water source schemes are achieved, effectively solving the deficiencies of traditional methods in dynamic supply-demand matching.

[0075] According to one aspect of the present application, step S35 is further as follows: Step S35a: Construct a water resources configuration model. The objective function is: water supply-demand balance. The constraint conditions include: water transfer volume constraints of water sources, water use demand constraints in the receiving areas, and ecological water use constraints; Step S35b: Encode each water transfer scheme as a real number vector using real number coding, and randomly generate several water transfer schemes that satisfy the constraint conditions as the initial population; Step S35c: Calculate the fitness of each water transfer scheme, and directly retain the m% of the water transfer schemes with the highest fitness in the current population in the secondary water transfer scheme set. m is a positive integer greater than 5 and less than 10. Use the roulette wheel selection method to randomly select individuals from the remaining water transfer schemes into the secondary water transfer scheme set; Step S35d: Randomly select two water transfer schemes from the secondary water transfer scheme set as parental individuals, calculate the average fitness and the maximum fitness of the secondary water transfer scheme set, dynamically adjust the crossover probability and use this probability to perform single-point crossover on the two parental individuals to generate two new water transfer schemes as offspring individuals; Step S35e: Perform mutation operations on each offspring individual, calculate the fitness change before and after mutation and determine whether to accept it. Iterate repeatedly until the change rate of the objective function value is less than the threshold for x consecutive generations, then stop the iteration. The water transfer scheme corresponding to the individual with the highest fitness obtained is the water resource allocation scheme, where x is a positive integer greater than or equal to 5.

[0076] The adaptive elitist simulated annealing genetic algorithm is an optimization algorithm that combines the genetic algorithm and the simulated annealing algorithm and introduces an adaptive mechanism and an elitist strategy. The adaptive mechanism of the adaptive elitist simulated annealing genetic algorithm can automatically adjust the crossover probability and the mutation probability according to the evolutionary state of the population. Specifically: In the initial stage of the algorithm, the diversity of the population is relatively high. At this time, a larger crossover probability and mutation probability can be adopted to quickly explore the solution space; As the algorithm progresses, the population gradually converges. At this time, reduce the crossover probability and mutation probability to perform fine local search.

[0077] This method of adaptively adjusting parameters can better adapt to the characteristics of different problems and the needs of the search stage, improving the efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm. Traditional genetic algorithms usually adopt fixed crossover probabilities and mutation probabilities and cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the running state of the algorithm, which may lead to poor performance of the algorithm in some problems; The adaptive elitist simulated annealing genetic algorithm also adopts an elitist strategy and a simulated annealing algorithm at the same time. The elitist strategy can ensure that the optimal individual in the current population will not be destroyed during the genetic operation and is directly passed to the next generation, thus accelerating the convergence speed of the algorithm; the simulated annealing algorithm has the ability to jump out of the local optimum. By introducing the simulated annealing operation into the genetic algorithm, the global search ability of the algorithm can be further enhanced. This combination method gives full play to the advantages of the two algorithms, enabling the algorithm to not only quickly converge to the global optimal solution but also avoid falling into the local optimum.

[0078] In a certain embodiment, specifically: Rural and pastoral area B contains 3 agricultural irrigation areas: B1, B2, B3; 2 livestock farming areas: B4, B5; and 1 grassland ecological protection area: B6; the main water source is the passing water of the tributary, with an average annual adjustable water volume of 12 million m 3 , the allowable groundwater extraction volume is 8 million m 3 and a small reservoir with a storage capacity of 5 million m 3 ; Agricultural irrigation water demand accounts for 60%, livestock drinking water accounts for 25%, and ecological water replenishment needs to ensure 2 million m 3 / year; During the rainy season, the water source is sufficient but the water transfer cost is high. During the dry season, the water source is tense and the water demand of farmers and herdsmen is urgent; Construct a water resources allocation model, and the objective function is: to achieve the annual total supply and demand balance within the region while minimizing the water shortage loss; The constraint conditions include: water transfer volume constraint of water sources: the monthly water transfer volume of tributaries ≤ 1 million m 3 , the monthly groundwater extraction volume ≤ 800,000 m 3 ; water demand constraint: the irrigation water demand in Area B1 ≥ 3 million m 3 / year, the livestock water demand in Area B4 ≥ 2 million m 3 / year; ecological water use constraint: the water replenishment required in Area B6 from May to June every year ≥ 1 million m 3 ; Each water transfer plan is expressed as a vector Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6, corresponding to the average monthly water transfer volumes of the Yellow River tributaries, groundwater, and reservoirs to B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, and B6; Randomly generate 50 plans to ensure that each plan meets the constraint conditions; Calculate the fitness, and retain the top 10% of the plans in terms of fitness. For example, if a certain plan ranks among the top 5 in terms of fitness because it gives priority to ensuring the livestock water use in Area B4, it directly enters the secondary set; Randomly select two water transfer plans from the secondary set as parent individuals, calculate the average fitness and the maximum fitness of the secondary set, dynamically adjust the crossover probability and perform single-point crossover on the two parent individuals with this probability to generate two new water transfer plans as offspring individuals; Perform mutation operations on each offspring individual, calculate the change in fitness before and after mutation and determine whether to accept it. For example, in a certain plan, the reservoir transfers 200,000 m of water to Area B6 in June 3 mutates to the reservoir transferring 300,000 m of water to Area B6 in June 3 , and if it is calculated that the ecological water shortage rate decreases after mutation, the mutation is accepted.

[0079] In another embodiment of the present application, step S3 can also be: Extract the data of each sub-outlet area to construct a water source database, and the water source database includes: water source location coordinates, adjustable water volume, and water quality grade.

[0080] In this embodiment, the water source location coordinates adopt the WGS84 coordinate system, and the positioning accuracy is preferably ±5 meters. The adjustable water volume refers to the maximum exploitable and utilizable volume of each water source under standard conditions, with the unit of 10,000 cubic meters / year. The water quality grade is divided according to the national surface water environmental quality standard, including Class I, Class II, Class III, Class IV, and Class V.

[0081] Based on the obtained pulse intensity index and duration index, add a time-varying adjustable water volume field to the water source database to record the available time window of each water source.

[0082] The time-varying adjustable water volume field includes a pulse intensity coefficient, an available time window, and a peak flow duration. The calculation formula for the time-varying adjustable water volume is: Q_time_varying(t) = Q_available_corrected × Availability_factor(t); Where Q_available_corrected is derived from the corrected available volume, and Availability_factor(t) represents the available coefficient at time t, with a value range of 0 - 1.

[0083] Construct an evaluation system for each sub-transfer area. Set the target layer as the selection of the optimal water intake source, the criterion layer as water source conditions, water conveyance distance, and pumping head, and the scheme layer as the water sources of each sub-transfer area in the transfer area; construct a judgment matrix.

[0084] The evaluation indicators for water source conditions include the stability of adjustable water volume, water quality grade, and continuity of available time. The judgment matrix is constructed using the 1 - 9 scale method, and the matrix dimension is 3×3.

[0085] Use the analytic hierarchy process to determine the weights of the criterion layer, and use the combination of subjective and objective methods to determine the weights of the water source conditions, water conveyance distance, and pumping head of each sub-transfer area and configure the judgment matrix together.

[0086] The weights of the criterion layer are calculated by the eigenvalue method, and the consistency ratio CR is controlled below 0.1. The calculation formula for the comprehensive weight is: W_comprehensive = α × W_subjective + (1 - α) × W_objective; where α represents the subjective and objective weight balance coefficient, and the preferred value is 0.6.

[0087] Combined with the obtained spatio-temporal water demand distribution data, calculate the adaptation scores of the water sources in each sub-transfer area, screen the alternative water sources, and construct a water source scheme set based on the water transfer start time, water transfer duration, and water transfer flow change process.

[0088] The spatio-temporal matching degree factor is incorporated into the calculation of the adaptation score, and the calculation formula for the adaptation score is: Score_matching = Σ(W_i × Normalized_value_i) × Spatial_temporal_factor; Where Spatial_temporal_factor is determined based on the matching degree between the spatio-temporal water demand distribution and the available time of the water source.

[0089] Based on the obtained comprehensive water demand data of the mixed pasture, a spatio-temporal water resources allocation model is constructed. The water source plan set, together with the water shortage volume and water shortage process in the water transfer-in area, is extracted as the input to obtain the water resources allocation plan.

[0090] The objective function of the spatio-temporal allocation model is: minimize Σ Σ Σ |Supply(x,y,t) - Demand(x,y,t)|; Among them, Demand(x,y,t) comprehensively considers the dynamic water demand of the herd and the integrated water demand in the phenological period. The constraint conditions include the time window constraint: Σ(Q_source_i × Window_i(t)) ≥ Demand_spatial(x,y,t); The model is solved using an adaptive elitist simulated annealing genetic algorithm, with the population size set to 100 and the maximum number of iterations set to 500.

[0091] According to one aspect of the present application, step S4 is further as follows: Step S41: Based on the water resources allocation plan, select the cross-sections of several sub-water transfer-out areas as water sources and use them as the input of the pre-constructed water source compensation scheduling model to simulate the water volume allocation among various water sources under different hydrological conditions, and obtain the layout plan of the water transfer project; Step S42: Based on the water shortage process in the water transfer-in area, combined with the topography, administrative division and existing water conservancy facilities, determine the main control points of the water conveyance line, draw the water conveyance line based on the control points and construct the initial water conveyance project layout plan set; Step S43: Calculate the technical and economic indicators of each initial water conveyance project layout plan respectively and input them into the pre-constructed multi-objective decision-making model, and solve the model to obtain the optimal plan as the preliminary optimal plan of the water conveyance project layout; Step S44: Calculate the water shortage volume in the rural and pastoral areas after the implementation of the water transfer project layout plan and the preliminary optimal plan of the water conveyance project layout based on the water shortage curve in the rural and pastoral areas, and gradually reduce the elastic industrial water demand in the rural and pastoral areas from the maximum value and adjust the water transfer project layout plan and the water conveyance project layout plan in turn, and iterate repeatedly until the water shortage volume is 0 or the elastic industrial water demand in the rural and pastoral areas is reduced to the minimum threshold, and obtain the layout plan of the water diversion and pumping project scale in the rural and pastoral water network.

[0092] In this embodiment, after obtaining the preliminary optimal plan of the water conveyance project layout, the water shortage volume in the rural and pastoral areas after the implementation of the preliminary optimal plan of the water conveyance project layout is calculated through simulation to determine whether the current optimal plan can completely cover the water shortage situation in the rural and pastoral areas. If it cannot be completely covered, the industrial plan with elastic water demand in the rural and pastoral areas is adjusted, the new industrial water demand data is substituted, and the water transfer project layout plan and the water conveyance project layout plan are adjusted again, and the technical and economic indicators are recalculated and input into the multi-objective decision-making model to solve and obtain a new optimal plan; In one embodiment, after the initial optimal solution is implemented, there is still a water shortage of 1 million cubic meters in the rural and pastoral areas. After evaluating and reducing the fruit and vegetable planting area with high water consumption by 20%, after the water consumption is reduced, a new engineering layout plan is recalculated. After simulation again, it is found that the water shortage volume is reduced to 300,000 cubic meters. Continue to adjust the industrial structure and iterate for optimization until the water shortage volume reaches 0, and the final plan is determined; In another embodiment, the water demand of the flexible industries in the rural and pastoral areas has been reduced to the minimum threshold, that is, all adjustable high-water-consumption industries are compressed to the limit, and there is still a water shortage of 50,000 cubic meters. At this time, the current plan is used as the layout plan for the scale of the water diversion and pumping project of the rural and pastoral water network, and the remaining water shortage problems will be further solved in combination with other water-saving measures or long-term water resource planning.

[0093] According to one aspect of the present application, step S41 is further as follows: Step S41a: Construct a water source compensation scheduling model based on systems engineering theory and optimization algorithms; Step S41b: Screen several cross-sections in the sub-outlet areas as water sources based on the water resource allocation plan, the total water resources in each sub-outlet area, the stability of the annual runoff, and the water quality conditions; Step S41c: Input the selected water sources into the water source compensation scheduling model, simulate the water volume allocation process among the water sources, obtain the optimal water transfer volume of each water source under different hydrological conditions, and determine the water intake location, water transfer scale, and water transfer period of each water transfer project, that is, the layout plan of the water transfer project.

[0094] According to one aspect of the present application, step S43 is further as follows: Step S43a: Construct a multi-objective decision-making model based on the weight optimization method; Step S43b: For each initial layout plan of the water conveyance project, calculate the technical and economic indicators respectively. The technical indicators include: the length of the water conveyance line, the water volume loss rate during the water conveyance process, the water conveyance capacity, and the engineering construction difficulty coefficient. The economic indicators include: the engineering construction investment, the annual operation and maintenance cost, the investment recovery period, the net present value, and the internal rate of return; Step S43c: Input the technical and economic indicators corresponding to each initial layout plan of the water conveyance project into the multi-objective decision-making model in sequence, and calculate the initial layout plan of the water conveyance project with the highest comprehensive benefit as the preliminary optimal layout plan of the water conveyance project; Step S43d: Obtain the preliminary layout plan for the scale of the water diversion and pumping project of the rural and pastoral water network, including the layout plan of the water transfer project and the preliminary optimal layout plan of the water conveyance project. In this embodiment, a method for determining the layout of the scale of the water diversion and pumping project of the rural and pastoral water network is proposed, aiming to scientifically and reasonably plan the water diversion and pumping project of the rural and pastoral water network and solve problems such as uneven spatial distribution of water resources and prominent supply-demand contradictions; First, collect data in rural and pastoral areas, divide the water transfer-out areas and water transfer-in areas, determine the sub-water transfer-out areas and the available water volume; conduct a water resources supply-demand analysis in the water transfer-in area to clarify the water shortage volume and the water shortage process; screen the sub-water transfer-out areas as the initial water sources, construct a set of water source schemes and input them into the water resources allocation model to obtain the water resources allocation scheme; finally, based on the allocation scheme, formulate a set of initial water transfer and water conveyance project layout schemes, screen out the optimal scheme. In the specific implementation process, refined and scientific methods are adopted in each step. For example, the water shortage volume in the water transfer-in area is determined by constructing an adaptive optimization random forest water use model, and methods such as the analytic hierarchy process and the adaptive elite simulated annealing genetic algorithm are used for scheme screening and model solution; This method effectively solves problems such as water use difficulties and ecological imbalance caused by unreasonable water resources distribution and unbalanced supply and demand in rural and pastoral areas, and avoids the blindness and unreasonableness of project planning. By accurately determining the project scale layout, it is possible to achieve the efficient allocation and rational utilization of water resources, and ensure the water use requirements in multiple aspects such as planting, animal husbandry, life and ecology in rural and pastoral areas.

[0095] In another embodiment of the present application, step S4 may also be: Based on the water resources allocation scheme, screen the cross-sections of several sub-water transfer-out areas as water sources, and use them as the input of the pre-constructed water source compensation scheduling model to simulate the water volume allocation between each water source under different hydrological conditions, and obtain the water transfer project layout scheme.

[0096] The water source compensation scheduling model is constructed based on the system engineering theory. The objective function of water volume allocation is: maximize Σ(Efficiency_i × Reliability_i × Q_i); where Q_i takes into account the corrected available volume.

[0097] Combined with the pulse scheduling characteristic data, design a time-sharing water transfer strategy to determine the optimal water transfer combination within each time window.

[0098] The calculation formula for the time-sharing water transfer volume is: Q_period(t) = Σ(Q_source_i × Pulse_factor_i(t) × Priority_i); where Pulse_factor_i(t) is determined based on the pulse intensity index and the duration index.

[0099] Based on the spatio-temporal water demand distribution, combined with the topography, administrative division and existing water conservancy facilities, determine the main control points of the water conveyance line, draw the water conveyance line based on the control points and construct a set of initial water conveyance project layout schemes.

[0100] The selection of the main control points gives priority to the high-density areas of the spatio-temporal water demand distribution. The total evaluation function of the route is: F_route = α × Length + β × Difficulty + γ × Cost + δ × Demand_density; where Demand_density is calculated based on the spatio-temporal water demand distribution.

[0101] Calculate the technical and economic indicators of each initial layout plan of the water transfer project and input them into the pre-constructed multi-objective decision-making model. Solve the model to obtain the optimal plan as the preliminary optimal plan for the layout of the water transfer project.

[0102] The spatio-temporal supply-demand matching degree index is added to the technical indicators. The calculation formula of the comprehensive evaluation score is: Score_comprehensive = Σ(w_j × d_ij); where the evaluation indicators include the evaluation of water supply reliability based on spatio-temporal analysis.

[0103] Based on the water demand data during the phenological period, calculate the water shortage in the rural and pastoral areas after the implementation of the water diversion project layout plan and the preliminary optimal plan for the layout of the water transfer project. Gradually reduce the water demand of the elastic industries in the rural and pastoral areas from the maximum value and adjust the water diversion project layout plan and the water transfer project layout plan in turn. Iterate repeatedly to obtain the optimal plan.

[0104] In the adjustment of elastic water demand, the water demand during the critical growth period determined based on the integrated water demand during the phenological period is treated as a rigid demand and given priority to ensure water supply. The objective function of spatial optimization is: minimize Σ Σ [Weight(x,y) × Deficit(x,y)]; where Weight(x,y) is determined based on the importance of the spatio-temporal water demand distribution.

[0105] Through the above steps, the multi-objective optimization of the project layout based on the spatio-temporal water demand characteristics is realized, and the overall benefit of the water diversion and pumping projects in the rural and pastoral areas is significantly improved.

[0106] In another embodiment of the present application, step S4 can also be: Based on the water resource allocation plan, screen several cross-sections in the sub-outflow areas as water sources and input them into the pre-constructed water source compensation scheduling model. Simulate the water volume allocation between various water sources under different hydrological conditions to obtain the water diversion project layout plan.

[0107] In this embodiment, the water source compensation scheduling model is constructed based on the system engineering theory and multi-objective optimization algorithm. The screening criteria include that the total water resources are greater than 5 million cubic meters per year, the coefficient of variation of the annual runoff is less than 0.3, and the water quality reaches Class III or above. The different hydrological conditions include wet years (guarantee rate of 25%), normal years (guarantee rate of 50%), dry years (guarantee rate of 75%), and extremely dry years (guarantee rate of 95%).

[0108] The objective function for water volume allocation is: maximize Σ(Efficiency_i × Reliability_i × Q_i); where Efficiency_i represents the allocation efficiency of the i-th water source, Reliability_i represents the reliability coefficient, and Q_i represents the water transfer volume.

[0109] Based on the pulse scheduling characteristics of intermittent water sources, a time - segmented water transfer strategy is designed to determine the optimal water transfer combination within each time window.

[0110] The time - segmented water transfer strategy divides the whole year into three periods: wet season, transition period, and dry season. The pulse scheduling characteristics include instantaneous peak flow, peak duration, and recovery period. The calculation formula for the time - segmented water transfer volume is: Q_period(t) = Σ(Q_source_i × Pulse_factor_i(t) × Priority_i); where Q_period(t) represents the total water transfer volume in period t, Q_source_i represents the benchmark water transfer volume of the i-th water source, Pulse_factor_i(t) represents the pulse coefficient, and Priority_i represents the priority coefficient.

[0111] The optimal water transfer combination within each time window is solved by the dynamic programming algorithm, and the state transition equation is: f(i,t)= max{f(i - 1,t - 1) + Benefit(i,t)}; where f(i,t) represents the maximum benefit of the first i water sources at time t, and Benefit(i,t) represents the water transfer benefit of the i-th water source at time t.

[0112] Based on the water shortage process in the water - receiving area, combined with the topography, administrative division, and existing water conservancy facilities, the main control points of the water conveyance line are determined. Based on the control points, the water conveyance line is drawn and an initial set of water conveyance project layout schemes is constructed.

[0113] The main control points include water source intake points, important nodal towns, terrain turning points, administrative boundary intersection points, and connection points of existing water conservancy facilities. The priority order for selecting control points is: intake point > nodal town > terrain turning point > boundary intersection point > facility connection point.

[0114] The water conveyance route is optimized using the shortest path algorithm, considering the terrain resistance coefficient, the engineering construction difficulty coefficient, and the land acquisition compensation coefficient. The total evaluation function of the route is: F_route = α × Length + β × Difficulty + γ × Cost; where Length represents the route length, Difficulty represents the comprehensive index of construction difficulty, Cost represents the land acquisition compensation cost, and α, β, and γ are the corresponding weight coefficients, with the optimal values being 0.4, 0.35, and 0.25.

[0115] Calculate the technical and economic indicators of each initial water conveyance project layout plan and input them into the pre-constructed multi-objective decision-making model. Solve the model to obtain the optimal plan as the preliminary optimal plan for the water conveyance project layout.

[0116] The technical indicators include the water conveyance route length, the water loss rate during the water conveyance process, the water conveyance capacity, and the engineering construction difficulty coefficient. The economic indicators include the engineering construction investment, the annual operation and maintenance cost, the investment payback period, the net present value, and the internal rate of return.

[0117] The multi-objective decision-making model is constructed based on the weight optimization method. The construction formula of the decision matrix is: D = [d_ ij _m×n; where d_ ij represents the standardized value of the i-th plan on the j-th indicator, m represents the number of plans, and n represents the number of indicators.

[0118] The calculation formula for the comprehensive evaluation score is: Score_comprehensive = Σ(w_ j × d_ ij ) where w_ j represents the weight of the j-th indicator, which is determined by the analytic hierarchy process.

[0119] Based on the water shortage curve in the rural and pastoral areas, calculate the water shortage volume in the rural and pastoral areas after the implementation of the water diversion project layout plan and the preliminary optimal plan for the water conveyance project layout. Gradually reduce the water demand of the flexible industries in the rural and pastoral areas from the maximum value and adjust the water diversion project layout plan and the water conveyance project layout plan in turn. Iterate repeatedly to obtain the optimal plan.

[0120] In this embodiment, aiming at the technical problem that the traditional iteration method ignores spatial differences, a sub-region adjustment strategy is implemented based on the spatialized water shortage distribution. The flexible industries include high-water-consuming planting, landscape water use, and industrial cooling water use.

[0121] The priority of sub-region adjustment is: core agricultural area > secondary agricultural area > pastoral area > other areas. The step size of flexible water demand adjustment is 5-10% of the initial value, and the minimum threshold is 30% of the initial value.

[0122] The objective function for spatial optimization is: minimize Σ Σ [Weight(x,y) × Deficit(x,y)]; Where Weight(x,y) represents the importance weight of the spatial position (x,y), and Deficit(x,y) represents the water deficit at the corresponding position.

[0123] The iteration termination condition is: the average water deficit rate in the entire region is less than 5% or the water demand of the flexible industry drops to the minimum threshold.

[0124] In some embodiments, when the water deficit rate in a certain region exceeds 20%, the emergency water transfer mode can be activated to temporarily increase the water transfer capacity by 10 - 20%; preferably, for ecologically sensitive regions, the importance weight can be set to 1.5 - 2.0.

[0125] Through the above steps, the multi-objective optimization of the project layout and the precise spatial allocation are achieved, significantly improving the overall efficiency of the water diversion and pumping projects in rural and pastoral areas.

[0126] According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a system for determining the scale layout of a water diversion and pumping project in rural and pastoral areas, characterized by including: At least one processor; and A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions executable by the processor, and the instructions are used to be executed by the processor to implement the method for determining the scale layout of the water diversion and pumping project in rural and pastoral areas according to any one of the above.

[0127] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various equivalent transformations can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these equivalent transformations all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for determining the scale and layout of water diversion and pumping projects in rural and pastoral areas, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step S1: Collect data of rural and pastoral areas, divide them into transfer-out areas and transfer-in areas, divide the transfer-out areas into several sub-transfer-out areas with the water intake section as the boundary point, and obtain the available water volume of each sub-transfer-out area; Step S2: Extract historical data of rural and pastoral areas, conduct a water resources supply-demand analysis on the transfer-in areas, and obtain the water shortage volume and water shortage process of the transfer-in areas; Step S3: Screen sub-transfer-out areas as initial water sources, construct a water source scheme set, and use it together with the water shortage volume and water shortage process of the transfer-in areas as the input of the pre-constructed water resources allocation model to obtain a water resources allocation scheme; Step S4: Based on the water resources allocation scheme, draw up an initial water diversion project layout scheme set and an initial water conveyance project layout scheme set respectively, screen out the optimal scheme as the preliminary optimal scheme, calculate the water shortage volume after the implementation of the preliminary optimal scheme and adjust the water demand of flexible industries, and iterate repeatedly to obtain the optimal scheme, which is the scale layout scheme of the water diversion and pumping project of the rural and pastoral water network.

2. The method for determining the scale layout of the water diversion and pumping project in rural and pastoral areas according to claim 1, characterized in that Step S1 is further as follows: Step S11: Collect data of rural and pastoral areas, including: topographic data, hydrogeological data and water resources data; Step S12: Based on the topographic data, identify the candidate areas of the transfer-out areas and the candidate areas of the transfer-in areas; Step S13: Calculate the total annual average water resources volume of the candidate areas of the transfer-out areas, calculate the exploitable and utilizable volume of the candidate areas of the transfer-out areas, combine the ecological water demand and the reserved water volume for future development, obtain the water resources surplus situation of the candidate areas of the transfer-out areas, and screen out the transfer-out areas; Step S14: Connect the maximum values of the water demands of the fixed industries and flexible industries in rural and pastoral areas with the available water resources volume of the candidate areas of the transfer-in areas, use it as the input of the pre-constructed adaptive optimization random forest water use model for rural and pastoral areas, simulate the water shortage volume of the candidate areas of the transfer-in areas, and screen out the transfer-in areas; Step S15: Divide the transfer-out areas into several sub-transfer-out areas with the water intake section as the boundary point, and calculate the available water volume of each sub-transfer-out area.

3. The method for determining the scale layout of the water diversion and pumping project in rural and pastoral areas according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step S15 is further as follows: Step S15a: Extract the topographic data, hydrogeological data and water resources data of the transfer-out areas, identify the sections, construct a point layer based on the longitude and latitude coordinates of the sections, and add all the sections to the point layer in the form of points in turn; Step S15b: Set a buffer distance with each section point as the center to obtain the corresponding buffer surface, and divide the transfer-out areas with the obtained buffer surface as the division boundary to obtain several initial sub-transfer-out areas; Step S15c: Remove the part of the buffer surface that exceeds the boundary of the transfer-out areas to obtain several sub-transfer-out areas; Step S15d: Calculate the available water volume of each sub-transfer-out area in turn.

4. The method for determining the scale layout of the water diversion and pumping project in rural and pastoral areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2 is further as follows: Step S21: Extract historical data of rural and pastoral areas, divide the water use objects in the transfer-in areas into crop irrigation, livestock breeding water use, urban domestic water use, rural domestic water use, industrial water use and ecological water replenishment, and calculate the required water volume by using the itemized quota method; Step S22: Based on the population growth plan, agricultural and animal husbandry industrial upgrading plan, and industrial park construction plan in the transfer-in areas, extract the historical water use data in the transfer-in areas and input it into the pre-constructed water demand prediction model to calculate the water demand in different months and seasons; Step S23: Calculate the available surface water resources based on the multi-year average runoff data of hydrological stations, the ecological base flow in the river channel, and the water demand for shipping. Step S24: Calculate the water shortage amount based on the water demand in each planned water year and the total available water resources, determine the water shortage process in different months and seasons in the water transfer-in area by using the mathematical statistics method, and draw the historical water shortage curve, that is, the water shortage process in the water transfer-in area.

5. The method for determining the scale and layout of the water diversion and pumping project in rural and pastoral areas according to claim 1, characterized in that Step S3 is further as follows: Step S31: Extract the data of each sub-water transfer-out area to construct a water source database, and the water source database includes: water source location coordinates, adjustable water volume, and water quality grade. Step S32: Construct an evaluation system for each sub-water transfer-out area respectively, set the target layer as the selection of the optimal water intake source, the criterion layer as water source conditions, water conveyance distance, and pumping head, and the scheme layer as the water sources of each sub-water transfer-out area in the water transfer-out area; construct a judgment matrix. Step S33: Determine the weights of the criterion layer by using the analytic hierarchy process, and determine the weights of the water source conditions, water conveyance distance, and pumping head of each sub-water transfer-out area by using a combination of subjective and objective methods and configure the judgment matrix together. Step S34: Calculate the adaptation scores of the water sources of each sub-water transfer-out area respectively based on the water shortage amount in the water transfer-in area, screen the alternative water sources, and construct a water source scheme set based on the water transfer start time, water transfer duration, and water transfer flow change process. Step S35: Construct a water resources allocation model, extract the water source scheme set together with the water shortage amount and water shortage process in the water transfer-in area as inputs, and solve the model to obtain the water resources allocation scheme.

6. The method for determining the scale layout of the water diversion and pumping project in rural and pastoral areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S4 is further as follows: Step S41: Screen several cross-sections of sub-water transfer-out areas as water sources based on the water resources allocation scheme, and use them as inputs to the pre-constructed water source compensation scheduling model to simulate the water volume allocation among various water sources under different hydrological conditions, and obtain the layout scheme of the water transfer project. Step S42: Determine the main control points of the water conveyance line based on the water shortage process in the water transfer-in area in combination with the topography, administrative division, and existing water conservancy facilities, draw the water conveyance line based on the control points, and construct an initial set of layout schemes for the water conveyance project. Step S43: Calculate the technical and economic indicators of each initial layout scheme of the water conveyance project respectively and input them into the pre-constructed multi-objective decision-making model, and solve the model to obtain the optimal scheme as the preliminary optimal layout scheme of the water conveyance project. Step S44: Calculate the water shortage amount in the rural and pastoral areas after the implementation of the layout scheme of the water transfer project and the preliminary optimal layout scheme of the water conveyance project based on the water shortage curve in the rural and pastoral areas, and gradually reduce the water demand of the flexible industries in the rural and pastoral areas from the maximum value and adjust the layout scheme of the water transfer project and the layout scheme of the water conveyance project in turn, and iterate repeatedly until the water shortage amount is 0 or the water demand of the flexible industries in the rural and pastoral areas is reduced to the minimum threshold to obtain the layout scheme of the scale of the water diversion and pumping project in the rural and pastoral water network.

7. The method for determining the scale layout of the water diversion and pumping project in rural and pastoral areas according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step S41 is further as follows: Step S41a: Construct a water source compensation scheduling model based on system engineering theory and optimization algorithms. Step S41b: Screen several cross-sections of sub-water transfer-out areas as water sources based on the water resources allocation scheme and the total water resources, annual runoff stability, and water quality status of each sub-water transfer-out area. Step S41c: Input the selected water sources into the water source compensation scheduling model, simulate the water volume allocation process among various water sources, obtain the optimal water diversion volumes of each water source under different hydrological conditions, and determine the intake locations, water diversion scales, and water diversion periods of each water diversion project, that is, the water diversion project layout plan.

8. The method for determining the scale and layout of the water diversion and pumping project in rural and pastoral areas according to claim 6, characterized in that Step S43 is further as follows: Step S43a: Construct a multi-objective decision-making model based on the weight optimization method; Step S43b: For each initial water conveyance project layout plan, calculate the technical and economic indicators respectively. The technical indicators include: the length of the water conveyance line, the water volume loss rate during the water conveyance process, the water conveyance capacity, and the engineering construction difficulty coefficient. The economic indicators include: the project construction investment, the annual operation and maintenance cost, the investment payback period, the net present value, and the internal rate of return; Step S43c: Input the technical and economic indicators corresponding to each initial water conveyance project layout plan into the multi-objective decision-making model in sequence, and calculate to obtain the initial water conveyance project layout plan with the highest comprehensive benefit as the preliminary optimal water conveyance project layout plan; Step S43d: Obtain the preliminary layout plan for the scale of the water diversion and pumping project in the rural and pastoral water network, including the water diversion project layout plan and the preliminary optimal water conveyance project layout plan.

9. The system for determining the scale and layout of water diversion and pumping projects in rural and pastoral areas is characterized in that, Comprising: At least one processor; And, A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions executable by the processor, and the instructions are used to be executed by the processor to implement the method for determining the scale layout of the water diversion and pumping project in the rural and pastoral water network according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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