Planting method for quantitative and fixed-distance vertical sowing of detoxified single buds and stems of sugarcane

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for quantitative and fixed-distance vertical sowing of detoxified single buds and stems of sugarcane, and relates to the technical field of sugarcane planting. The specific planting method comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out germination accelerating treatment on first-generation and second-generation single-bud seed stems of detoxification tissue culture seedlings by using a coating agent; ditching, base fertilizer application, precise vertical dibble seeding, soil covering and film covering are carried out at a time through a planting all-in-one machine; after the sugarcane is harvested, stubbles and leaves are cleaned in time, the land is deeply ploughed, and a bacterium promoting agent is applied. According to the method, single-bud seed stems are adopted for vertical sowing, the vertical growth characteristic of sugarcane is met, germination is fast, the germination rate is high, tillering is many, the seed consumption is reduced, the planting cost is reduced, and the planting efficiency is improved; the inhibiting effect of'drought and waterlogging 'of the Karst landform sugarcane planting area of the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region on seed stem germination and growth of the sugarcane is effectively achieved, the bacterium promoting agent is applied after the sugarcane is harvested to provide sufficient nutrients for the ratoon sugarcane, plant diseases and insect pests are inhibited, and then the yield of the ratoon sugarcane is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of sugarcane planting, and particularly to a planting method for vertically sowing virus-free single-bud sugarcane stems at a fixed quantity and distance. Background Art

[0002] Sugarcane is the most important sugar crop in China. Traditional sugarcane planting is carried out in non-standardized ways such as double-bud segments, triple-bud segments, multi-bud segments or whole-stem planting. Such methods not only use a large amount of seeds and have high costs, but also are not conducive to the development of mechanical precision planting of sugarcane. Therefore, the development of single-bud segment seed stem technology for mechanical precision planting has become a research hotspot in major sugarcane-producing countries. At present, there are the following problems in using single-bud segment seed stems for planting: large seed consumption, low germination rate, weak bud seedlings, easy drying and water loss, susceptibility to pests and diseases, and rapid consumption of nutrients, which are not conducive to the normal growth of sugarcane. In the prior art, patents such as CN 109984005B, CN111213667B, and CN 115280933 A can achieve the purpose of water retention and pest and disease prevention by treating single-bud seed stems.

[0003] Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region belongs to a karst landform area. Due to its special geological structure (easy leakage of surface water and complex underground drainage system), thin soil layer, poor water storage capacity, and vulnerability of the climate and ecosystem, it is extremely easy to form the contradictory phenomenon of "lack of water during drought and waterlogging during flood". The specific manifestations are as follows: when it rains, the rainwater is relatively concentrated, the water level of the underground river rises or surface runoff converges, resulting in local floods. Soon after the rain, the rainwater quickly seeps into the ground, and coupled with high temperatures, drought is likely to occur. Therefore, sugarcane planting in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is prone to the phenomenon of "both drought and waterlogging", which will cause sugarcane to have stress resistance, and has a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of sugarcane. Especially when sowing, if there is heavy rainfall, the local waterlogging during rain and the drought caused by the leakage of rainwater soon after the rain will both cause stress resistance in the seed stems, resulting in low germination rate, poor tillering, inconsistent growth, and being not conducive to mechanical harvesting. Although the existing seed stem treatment methods can solve the problem of easy drying and water loss to a certain extent, they cannot solve the problem of the inhibited growth of seed stems in local waterlogging areas. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above deficiencies, the present invention provides a planting method for vertically sowing virus-free single-bud sugarcane stems at a fixed quantity and distance. By adopting the vertical sowing technology of single-bud seed stems, the seed consumption is reduced, the planting cost is lowered, and by using a coating agent to pre-treat the single-bud seed stems, the inhibitory effect of the phenomenon of "both drought and waterlogging" in the karst landform sugarcane planting area of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region on the growth of sugarcane seed stems is solved. The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0005] A planting method for vertically sowing virus-free single-bud sugarcane stems at a fixed quantity and distance, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) Sugarcane seed stem treatment: Select single-bud seed stems from the first and second generations of virus-free tissue culture seedlings of sugarcane varieties with strong tillering ability, high yield and high sugar content, and suitable for mechanized planting. Soak them in the coating agent for 20 - 30 minutes, take them out, and germinate them at 30 - 35 °C for 3 - 5 days to obtain treated seed stems;

[0007] The coating agent includes: carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylamide, expanded vermiculite powder, magnesium peroxide, glucose, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium indolebutyrate, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, salicylic acid, sodium silicate, and water;

[0008] (2) Land preparation, furrow opening, and sowing: First, conduct deep plowing and subsoiling on the planting land, with a plowing depth of 40 - 50 cm. Then, use a planting integrated machine to accurately position and open furrows, with a row spacing of 1.3 - 1.5 m and a furrow depth of 30 - 40 cm. Finally, use the planting integrated machine to perform basal fertilizer application, accurate vertical seeding, soil covering, and film covering operations on the opened furrows at one time. The seeding rate is 1270 - 1587 bud segments per mu, the plant spacing is 30 - 35 cm, and the soil covering thickness is 1 - 2 cm;

[0009] (3) Management: Spray a pre-emergence herbicide evenly over the whole field 7 - 10 days after sowing; When the sugarcane buds germinate 1 - 2 leaves, check the seedling shortage situation in time, count the number of seedlings to be replanted, and arrange for replanting; During the 5 - 6 leaf stage of sugarcane, spray insecticides; Conduct mid-cultivation, fertilization, and small earthing-up operations during the mid-tillering stage of sugarcane, apply 25 - 50 kg per mu of high-efficiency formula granular fertilizer for sugarcane, with a fertilization distance of 10 - 15 cm from the sugarcane stubble, and an earthing-up height of 5 - 10 cm; Spray insecticides and perform large earthing-up operations during the early jointing stage and the middle and late stages of sugarcane, apply 75 - 100 kg per mu of high-efficiency formula granular fertilizer for sugarcane, and after earthing-up, the ridge height should be more than 20 cm, and fill the base of the sugarcane clump tightly to form a turtle-back shape to avoid the appearance of U-shaped sugarcane ridges and hollowing in the middle of the sugarcane clump;

[0010] (4) Harvesting: Mechanically harvest the sugarcane after it matures;

[0011] (5) Post-harvest management: After harvesting the sugarcane, promptly clean up the stubble and leaves, deeply plow the land, and apply a bacteria-promoting agent. The bacteria-promoting agent includes: decomposed organic fertilizer, microbial inoculant, biochar, molasses, seaweed extract, chitin, and yeast extract.

[0012] Furthermore, in step (1), the length of the single-bud seed stem is 8 - 10 cm.

[0013] Further, in step (1), the coating agent comprises raw materials in the following parts by weight: 18-27 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 10-16 parts of polyacrylamide, 5-9 parts of expanded vermiculite powder, 2-5 parts of magnesium peroxide, 13-16 parts of glucose, 3-7 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3-0.9 parts of potassium indolebutyrate, 10-15 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 6-12 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 4-10 parts of salicylic acid, 2-5 parts of sodium silicate, and 500-800 parts of water.

[0014] Further, in step (2), the planting trench is wetted before sowing.

[0015] Further, in step (2), the film is a perforated degradable film with a specification of 80 cm * 0.012 cm, a hole spacing of 25-35 cm * a hole diameter of 10 cm, and a degradation time of 3-6 months.

[0016] Further, in step (3), the insecticide is Fugo, and the dosage of the insecticide is 20-25 g / mu.

[0017] Further, in step (5), the bacteria-promoting agent comprises raw materials in the following parts by weight: 20-30 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 15-25 parts of microbial inoculum, 5-15 parts of biochar, 6-14 parts of molasses, 5-11 parts of seaweed extract, 1-5 parts of chitin, and 8-18 parts of yeast extract.

[0018] Further, the microbial inoculum comprises 10-20 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 15-25 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, and 18-27 parts of arbuscular mycorrhiza.

[0019] Further, the preparation method of the seaweed extract is as follows: after drying and crushing brown algae, adding 10-20 times the weight of water, stirring and extracting at 60-80 °C for 3-8 h, filtering, and concentrating and drying the filtrate to obtain the seaweed extract.

[0020] Further, the preparation method of the yeast extract is as follows: inoculating 0.2-0.4% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae into a liquid medium, culturing on a shaker at 30-35 °C for 10-12 h, adding 1-2% of cellulase and 2-3% of pectinase, stirring and treating at 40-50 °C for 20-30 min, then adding 0.5-1.5% of papain and continuing to treat for 20-30 min, filtering, and concentrating and drying the filtrate to obtain the yeast extract; the liquid medium comprises 20-30 g / L of malt extract, 10-15 g / L of glucose, and 0.1-0.4 g / L of leucine, and is made up to 1 L with water.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] 1. The present invention realizes the purposes of reducing the seeding rate, lowering the cost, increasing the germination rate, increasing the yield and being suitable for mechanical harvesting by adopting single-bud seed stems for vertical sowing and performing operations such as ditch digging, basal fertilizer application, precise vertical seeding, soil covering and film covering at one time by means of a planting integrated machine. Among them, the seeding rate is 1,270 - 1,587 bud segments per mu, the number of effective stems is ≥5,500 per mu, aiming at a yield of more than 8 tons per mu, the ratoon age becomes longer (4 - 6 years for GT44), it is lodging-resistant, the plant height is 280 - 300 cm, the stem diameter is ≥2.6 cm, the average weight of a single stem is ≥1.5 kg, it is suitable for mechanical planting, management and harvesting and the requirements of integrated management of water, medicine and fertilizer, and reduces the management, harvesting cost and loss.

[0023] 2. The present invention pre-treats single-bud seed stems by using a coating agent, solves the inhibitory effect of the "drought and waterlogging" in the sugarcane planting area with karst landform in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region on the growth of sugarcane seed stems, enables the germination rate of single-bud seed stems to be as high as over 95%, has strong tillering ability, grows uniformly, and is conducive to mechanical harvesting. Among them, carboxymethyl cellulose in the coating agent is a film-forming agent, making other components form a film evenly on the surface of the seed stems; polyacrylamide, magnesium peroxide and expanded vermiculite powder can absorb the surrounding soil moisture to keep the seed stems moist when water is lacking, play a role in ventilating and increasing oxygen when the soil water content is too high, and improve the germination rate of the seed stems; glucose and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can provide sufficient nutrients for the seed stems, and indolebutyric acid potassium can promote the rooting of the seed stems; Bacillus licheniformis and Pseudomonas fluorescens can inhibit and kill soil-borne diseases such as sugarcane brown stripe disease, smut disease and pineapple disease; Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, salicylic acid and sodium silicate can improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the seed stems when the soil moisture is too much or too little, reduce the stress resistance of the seed stems, and thus improve the germination rate and tillering ability of the seed stems.

[0024] 3. After sugarcane is harvested, the present invention cleans the stubble and leaves, deeply plows the land, and applies a bacteria-promoting agent, which can improve the vitality of probiotic groups in the soil, reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests, and at the same time can provide sufficient nutrients for ratoon sugarcane stumps, promote the germination and tillering of new ratoon sugarcane buds, and thus increase the yield of ratoon sugarcane. Among them, the decomposed organic fertilizer can provide nutrients for ratoon sugarcane, and microbial inoculants, biochar, molasses, seaweed extract, chitin and yeast extract can stimulate and activate the growth of beneficial soil bacteria, provide sufficient carbon source and nitrogen source for beneficial soil bacteria, enable them to reproduce rapidly to form a dominant population, and thus reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for description in the embodiments.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a comparison diagram of the planting effects of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 under waterlogging conditions;

[0027] Figure 2Comparison chart of the planting effects of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 under drought conditions;

[0028] Figure 3 Comparison chart of the mature stage of ratoon cane in Example 1 and Comparative Example 5. Detailed implementation manners

[0029] The following is a detailed description of the specific implementation manners of the present invention, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific implementation manners.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] A planting method for quantitative and distance-fixed vertical sowing of virus-free single-bud sugarcane stems, comprising the following steps:

[0032] (1) Sugarcane seed stem treatment: Select the first and second generation single-bud seed stems of virus-free tissue culture seedlings of Guitang 44 with a length of 8 cm, soak them in a coating agent for 20 minutes, take them out, and germinate them for 3 days in an environment of 30-35 °C to obtain treated seed stems;

[0033] The coating agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 10 parts of polyacrylamide, 5 parts of expanded vermiculite powder, 2 parts of magnesium peroxide, 13 parts of glucose, 3 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3 part of indolebutyric acid potassium, 10 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 6 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 4 parts of salicylic acid, 2 parts of sodium silicate and 500 parts of water;

[0034] (2) Land preparation, furrow opening and sowing: First, perform deep plowing and subsoiling on the planting land, with a plowing depth of 40 cm. Then, use a planting integrated machine to accurately position and open furrows, with a row spacing of 1.3 m and a furrow depth of 30 cm. Finally, use the planting integrated machine to perform basal fertilizer application, accurate vertical seeding, soil covering and film covering operations on the opened furrows at one time. The seeding rate is 1465 bud segments per mu, the plant spacing is 35 cm, and the soil covering thickness is 2 cm. The planting furrows are wetted before sowing; the film used for film covering is a perforated degradable film, with a film specification of 80 cm * 0.012 cm, a hole spacing of 35 cm * a hole diameter of 10 cm, and a degradation time of March.

[0035] (3) Management: Uniformly spray the whole field with pre-emergence herbicide once 7 days after sowing; When the sugarcane buds germinate with 1 leaf, promptly check the seedling shortage situation, count the number of seedlings to be replanted, and arrange for replanting; At the stage when the sugarcane has 5 leaves, spray the Fugo insecticide at a dosage of 20 grams per mu; Conduct intertillage fertilization and small earthing-up operation during the mid-tillering stage of sugarcane, apply 50 kg per mu of high-efficiency formula granular fertilizer for sugarcane, with the fertilization distance being 10 cm from the sugarcane rootstock and the earthing-up height being 5 cm; At the initial stage and middle and late stages of sugarcane jointing, spray the Fugo insecticide (dosage is 20 grams per mu) and conduct large earthing-up fertilization, apply 100 kg per mu of high-efficiency formula granular fertilizer for sugarcane, and after earthing-up, the ridge height should be above 20 cm, and fill the base of the sugarcane clump solidly to form a turtle-back shape to avoid the appearance of U-shaped sugarcane ridges and hollowing in the middle of the sugarcane clump;

[0036] (4) Harvesting: Mechanically harvest the sugarcane after it matures;

[0037] (5) Post-harvest management: Immediately clean the stubble and leaves after sugarcane harvesting, deeply plow the land, and apply a bacteria-promoting agent. The bacteria-promoting agent includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 15 parts of microbial inoculum, 5 parts of biochar, 6 parts of molasses, 5 parts of seaweed extract, 1 part of chitin, and 8 parts of yeast extract. The microbial inoculum includes 10 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 15 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, and 18 parts of arbuscular mycorrhiza.

[0038] The preparation method of the seaweed extract is as follows: Dry and crush the brown algae, add 10 times the weight of water, stir and extract at 60 °C for 3 h, filter, and concentrate and dry the filtrate to obtain it.

[0039] The preparation method of the yeast extract is as follows: Inoculate 0.2% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae into the liquid medium, shake and culture at 30 °C for 10 h, then add 1% of cellulase and 2% of pectinase, stir and treat at 40 °C for 20 min, then add 0.5% of papain and continue to treat for 20 min, filter, and take the filtrate to concentrate and dry to obtain it; The liquid medium includes 20 g / L of malt extract, 10 g / L of glucose, and 0.1 g / L of leucine, and is made up to 1 L with water.

[0040] In this example, the germination rate is 95.3%, the tillering rate is 400%, the number of effective stems ≥ 5500 stems per mu, the incidence rate is 4.8%, the yield per mu is 8.1 tons, the sugarcane seedlings are neat, suitable for mechanical harvesting, the harvesting cost is 100 yuan per ton, compared with the traditional method of using double-bud stems and horizontal planting, the seed consumption is saved by about 90%, the germination rate is increased by about 25%, the yield is increased by about 20%, the cost is reduced, and the yield is increased.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] A planting method for quantitative and distance-fixed vertical sowing of virus-free single-bud stems of sugarcane, comprising the following steps:

[0043] (1) Sugarcane seed stem treatment: Select the first and second generation single-bud seed stems of virus-free tissue culture seedlings of Guitang 44 with a length of 10 cm, soak them in the coating agent for 30 minutes, take them out, and germinate them at 30 - 35 °C for 5 days to obtain treated seed stems;

[0044] The coating agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 27 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 16 parts of polyacrylamide, 9 parts of expanded vermiculite powder, 5 parts of magnesium peroxide, 16 parts of glucose, 7 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.9 part of indolebutyric acid potassium, 15 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 12 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 10 parts of salicylic acid, 5 parts of sodium silicate, and 800 parts of water;

[0045] (2) Land preparation, furrow opening, and sowing: First, conduct deep plowing and subsoiling on the planting land with a plowing depth of 50 cm. Then, use a planting integrated machine for precise positioning and furrow opening with a row spacing of 1.5 m and a furrow depth of 40 cm. Finally, use the planting integrated machine to perform basal fertilizer application, precise vertical seeding, soil covering, and film covering operations on the already opened furrows at one time. The seeding rate is 1270 bud segments per mu, the plant spacing is 35 cm, and the soil covering thickness is 1 cm. Wet the planting furrows before sowing; The film used for film covering is a perforated degradable film with a film specification of 80 cm * 0.012 cm, a hole spacing of 35 cm * a hole diameter of 10 cm, and a degradation time of March.

[0046] (3) Management: Spray the whole field evenly with a pre-emergence herbicide 10 days after sowing; When the sugarcane buds germinate 2 leaves, check the seedling shortage situation in time, count the number of seedlings to be replanted, and arrange for replanting; At the 6-leaf stage of sugarcane, spray the Fugo insecticide with a dosage of 25 grams per mu; Conduct intertillage, fertilization, and small soil heaping operations during the mid-tillering stage of sugarcane, apply 75 kg per mu of high-efficiency sugarcane formula granular fertilizer, with a fertilization distance of 15 cm from the sugarcane rootstock and a soil heaping height of 10 cm; Spray the Fugo insecticide (dosage: 25 grams per mu) and conduct large soil heaping and fertilization during the early and middle-late jointing stages of sugarcane, apply 100 kg per mu of high-efficiency sugarcane formula granular fertilizer, and the ridge height after soil heaping is more than 20 cm, and fill the base of the sugarcane clump to form a turtle-back shape to avoid the appearance of U-shaped sugarcane ridges and hollowing in the middle of the sugarcane clump;

[0047] (4) Harvesting: Mechanically harvest the sugarcane after it matures;

[0048] (5) Post-harvest management: Clean the stubble and leaves in time after harvesting the sugarcane, deeply plow the land, and apply a bacteria-promoting agent. The bacteria-promoting agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 25 parts of microbial inoculant, 15 parts of biochar, 14 parts of molasses, 11 parts of seaweed extract, 5 parts of chitin, and 18 parts of yeast extract. The microbial inoculant comprises 20 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 25 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, and 27 parts of arbuscular mycorrhiza.

[0049] The preparation method of the seaweed extract is as follows: After drying and pulverizing brown algae, add 20 times the weight of water, stir and extract at 80 °C for 8 h, filter, concentrate and dry the filtrate to obtain it.

[0050] The preparation method of the yeast extract is as follows: Inoculate 0.4% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae into a liquid medium, shake and culture at 35 °C for 12 h, then add 2% of cellulase and 3% of pectinase, stir and treat at 50 °C for 30 min, then add 1.5% of papain and continue to treat for 30 min, filter, take the filtrate, concentrate and dry to obtain it; the liquid medium includes 30 g / L of wort, 15 g / L of glucose and 0.4 g / L of leucine, and is made up to 1 L with water.

[0051] In this example, the germination rate is 96%, the tillering rate is 500%, the number of effective stems ≥ 6000 stems / mu, the incidence rate is 3.5%, the yield per mu is 8.45 tons, the sugarcane seedlings are neat, suitable for machine harvesting, the harvesting cost is 95 yuan / ton. Compared with the traditional method of using double-bud stems and horizontal planting, the seed consumption is saved by about 90%, the germination rate is increased by about 25%, the yield is increased by about 20%, the cost is reduced, and the yield is increased.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] A planting method for quantitative and distance-fixed vertical sowing of virus-free single-bud stems of sugarcane, comprising the following steps:

[0054] (1) Sugarcane seed stem treatment: Select virus-free tissue culture seedlings of the first and second generations of single-bud seed stems of Guitang 44 with a length of 10 cm, soak them in a coating agent for 25 min, take them out, and germinate at 30-35 °C for 5 days to obtain treated seed stems;

[0055] The coating agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 13 parts of polyacrylamide, 7 parts of expanded vermiculite powder, 3 parts of magnesium peroxide, 15 parts of glucose, 4 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.6 parts of indolebutyric acid potassium, 12 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 9 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 7 parts of salicylic acid, 4 parts of sodium silicate and 600 parts of water;

[0056] (2) Land preparation, opening furrows and sowing: First, conduct deep plowing and subsoiling treatment on the planting land with a plowing depth of 45 cm, then use a planting integrated machine to accurately position and open furrows with a row spacing of 1.4 m and a furrow depth of 30 cm. Finally, use the planting integrated machine to perform base fertilizer application, accurate vertical seeding, soil covering and film covering operations on the opened furrows at one time. The seeding rate is 1587 bud segments / mu, the plant spacing is 30 cm, and the soil covering thickness is 1.5 cm. Before sowing, first wet the planting furrows; the film used for film covering is a perforated degradable film with a film specification of 80 cm * 0.012 cm, a hole spacing of 30 cm * a hole diameter of 10 cm, and a degradation time of March.

[0057] (3) Management: Eight days after sowing, evenly spray the whole field with a pre-emergence herbicide once; when the sugarcane buds germinate with two leaves, promptly check the seedling shortage situation, count the number of seedlings to be replanted, and arrange for replanting; at the six-leaf stage of sugarcane, spray the Fugo insecticide at a dosage of 22 grams per mu; conduct intertillage, fertilization, and small earthing-up operations during the mid-tillering stage of sugarcane, apply 80 kg per mu of high-efficiency formulated granular fertilizer for sugarcane, with the fertilization distance being 12 cm from the sugarcane stumps and the earthing-up height being 7 cm; at the initial and mid-late jointing stages of sugarcane, spray the Fugo insecticide (at a dosage of 22 grams per mu) and conduct large earthing-up and fertilization, apply 80 kg per mu of high-efficiency formulated granular fertilizer for sugarcane, and the ridge height after earthing-up should be more than 20 cm, and fill the base of the sugarcane clump to form a turtle-back shape to avoid the appearance of U-shaped sugarcane ridges and hollowing in the middle of the sugarcane clump;

[0058] (4) Harvest: Mechanically harvest the sugarcane after it matures;

[0059] (5) Post-harvest management: After harvesting the sugarcane, promptly clean up the stubble and leaves, deeply plow the land, and apply a bacteria-promoting agent. The bacteria-promoting agent includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 20 parts of microbial inoculant, 1 part of biochar, 12 parts of molasses, 8 parts of seaweed extract, 4 parts of chitin, and 14 parts of yeast extract. The microbial inoculant includes 14 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 18 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, and 22 parts of arbuscular mycorrhiza.

[0060] The preparation method of the seaweed extract is as follows: Dry and crush the brown algae, add 15 times the weight of water, stir and extract at 70 °C for 5 h, filter, and concentrate and dry the filtrate to obtain it.

[0061] The preparation method of the yeast extract is as follows: Inoculate 0.3% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae into the liquid medium, shake and culture at 32 °C for 12 h, then add 1.5% of cellulase and 2.5% of pectinase, stir and process at 45 °C for 25 min, then add 1% of papain and continue to process for 25 min, filter, and take the filtrate to concentrate and dry to obtain it; the liquid medium includes 25 g / L of malt extract, 12 g / L of glucose, and 0.2 g / L of leucine, and is made up to 1 L with water.

[0062] In this example, the germination rate is 96.5%, the tillering rate is 540%, the number of effective stems ≥ 6500 stems per mu, the incidence rate is 4.2%, the yield per mu is 8.57 tons, the sugarcane seedlings are neat, suitable for mechanical harvesting, the harvesting cost is 90 yuan per ton. Compared with the traditional method of using double-bud stems and horizontal planting, the seed consumption is saved by about 90%, the germination rate is increased by about 25%, the yield is increased by about 20%, the cost is reduced, and the yield is increased.

[0063] Comparative Example 1: The coating agent only contains carboxymethyl cellulose and indolebutyric acid potassium, and other methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0064] Comparative Example 2: The coating agent does not contain expanded vermiculite powder and magnesium peroxide, and other methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0065] Comparative Example 3: The coating agent does not contain glucose and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and other methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0066] Comparative Example 4: The coating agent does not contain Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, salicylic acid and sodium silicate, and other methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0067] Sugarcane was planted according to the methods of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 in a region with relatively poor soil and poor water retention capacity in Yizhou District, Hechi City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. After 2 months of planting, the emergence number and the incidence of pineapple disease in each group were respectively counted, and the germination rate and the incidence were calculated. Among them, the germination rate (%) = (the emergence number / the seeding amount) × 100%; the incidence was randomly digging 30 single-bud segments for longitudinal sectioning to observe the disease situation, and the incidence (%) = (the number of diseased seedlings / the total number of investigated seedlings) × 100%;

[0068] After 5 months of planting, the total number of seedlings in each group was investigated. Taking the emergence number of sugarcane 2 months after planting as the basic number of seedlings, the tillering rate was calculated: the tillering rate (%) = [(the total number of seedlings - the basic number of seedlings) / the basic number of seedlings] × 100%; The yield was counted after harvest.

[0069] The results are shown in Table 1:

[0070] Group Germination rate (%) Tiller rate (%) Incidence rate (%) Yield (t / mu) Example 1 95.3 300 4.8 8.1 Comparative Example 1 85.6 256 6.9 7.2 Comparative Example 2 90.1 297 5.3 7.9 Comparative Example 3 89.9 290 5.4 7.8 Comparative Example 4 89.5 288 5.9 7.5

[0071] Table 1 shows that the coating agent of the present invention can still improve the germination rate and tillering rate of single-bud seed stems, reduce the incidence, and increase the yield when planted in a region with poor soil and poor water retention capacity.

[0072] Figure 1 It is a comparison chart of the planting effects of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 under waterlogging conditions. The left row is planted by the method of Example 1. The figure shows that this planting method has a high germination rate, a high tillering rate, consistent growth, and is suitable for mechanical harvesting; the right row is planted by the method of Comparative Example 1. The figure shows that this planting method has a low germination rate, few tillers, poor growth consistency, and is not suitable for mechanical harvesting.

[0073] Figure 2 It is a comparison chart of the planting effects of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 under drought conditions. The treatment is planted by the method of Example 1. The figure shows that this planting method has a high germination rate, a high tillering rate, consistent growth, and is suitable for mechanical harvesting; the control row is planted by the method of Comparative Example 1. The figure shows that this planting method has a low germination rate, few tillers, poor growth consistency, and is not suitable for mechanical harvesting.

[0074] Comparative Example 5: The bacterium-promoting agent applied after sugarcane harvest only contains decomposed organic fertilizer, and other methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0075] Comparative Example 6: The bacterium-promoting agent applied after sugarcane harvesting does not contain microbial inoculum, biochar and molasses, and other methods are the same as those in Example 1.

[0076] Comparative Example 7: The bacterium-promoting agent applied after sugarcane harvesting does not contain seaweed extract, chitin and yeast extract, and other methods are the same as those in Example 1.

[0077] Sugarcane was planted according to the methods of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 5 to 7 in a region with relatively poor soil and poor water retention capacity in Yizhou District, Hechi City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. After the mechanical harvesting of newly planted sugarcane, post-harvest management was carried out, and the stooling rate, tillering rate, stem formation rate and yield of the first-year ratoon sugarcane were investigated. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0078] Table 2 Agronomic traits of ratoon sugarcane in each group

[0079] Group Shoot emergence rate (%) Tiller rate (%) Stem formation rate (%) Incidence rate (%) Yield (t / mu) Example 1 78.6 168.3 35.2 4.9 8.1 Comparative Example 5 68.1 127.5 25.4 6.5 7.2 Comparative Example 6 72.3 158.6 32.7 4.2 7.8 Comparative Example 7 74.8 162.5 33.9 4.3 7.9

[0080] Table 2 shows that applying the bacterium-promoting agent after sugarcane harvesting in the present invention can improve the vitality of probiotic groups in the soil, reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, and at the same time can provide sufficient nutrients for the ratoon sugarcane stools, promote the germination and tillering of new shoots of ratoon sugarcane, and increase the yield of ratoon sugarcane. Among them, the microbial inoculum, biochar, molasses, seaweed extract, chitin and yeast extract in the bacterium-promoting agent can stimulate the growth, tillering and stem formation of the sugarcane stools, activate the growth of beneficial soil bacteria, make them rapidly reproduce to form a dominant population, reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases, and achieve the increase in yield.

[0081] Figure 3 It is a comparison chart of the mature stage of ratoon sugarcane for Example 1 (treatment) and Comparative Example 5 (control). The chart shows that when planted by the method of the present invention, the stem formation rate of the first-year ratoon sugarcane is higher and the yield is higher.

[0082] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention is for purposes of illustration and exemplification. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and obviously, many changes and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiments is to explain the specific principles of the present invention and its practical applications, so that those skilled in the art can implement and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the present invention as well as various different selections and changes. The scope of the present invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A planting method for vertical sowing of virus-free single-bud sugarcane stems with quantitative and fixed-distance, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Sugarcane seed stem treatment: Select single-bud seed stems from the first and second generations of virus-free tissue culture seedlings of sugarcane varieties with strong tillering ability, high yield and high sugar content, and suitable for mechanized planting. Immerse them in a coating agent for 20 - 30 minutes, take them out, and germinate them at 30 - 35 °C for 3 - 5 days to obtain treated seed stems; The coating agent includes: carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylamide, expanded vermiculite powder, magnesium peroxide, glucose, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, indolebutyric acid potassium, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, salicylic acid, sodium silicate and water; (2) Land preparation, opening furrows and sowing: First, conduct deep plowing and subsoiling on the planting land, with a plowing depth of 40 - 50 cm. Then, use a planting integrated machine to accurately position and open furrows, with a row spacing of 1.3 - 1.5 m and a furrow depth of 30 - 40 cm. Finally, use the planting integrated machine to perform basal fertilizer application, precise vertical seeding, soil covering and film covering operations at one time on the opened furrows. The seeding rate is 1270 - 1587 bud segments per mu, the plant spacing is 25 - 35 cm, and the soil covering thickness is 1 - 2 cm; (3) Management: Uniformly spray the whole field with a pre-emergence herbicide 7 - 10 days after sowing; When the sugarcane buds germinate 1 - 2 leaves, timely check the seedling shortage situation, count the number of seedlings to be replanted, and arrange for replanting; During the 5 - 6 leaf stage of sugarcane, spray insecticide; Conduct mid-cultivation, fertilization and small soil heaping operations during the mid-tillering stage of sugarcane, apply 25 - 50 kg of high-efficiency formula granular fertilizer for sugarcane per mu, with a fertilization distance of 10 - 15 cm from the sugarcane stubble, and the soil heaping height is 5 - 10 cm; Spray insecticide and conduct large soil heaping for fertilization during the initial stage and the middle and late stages of sugarcane jointing, apply 75 - 100 kg of high-efficiency formula granular fertilizer for sugarcane per mu, and the ridge height after soil heaping is more than 20 cm, and fill the base of the sugarcane clump to form a turtle-back shape to avoid the appearance of U-shaped sugarcane ridges and hollowing in the middle of the sugarcane clump; (4) Harvesting: Mechanically harvest the sugarcane after it matures; (5) Post-harvest management: Immediately clean the stubble and leaves after sugarcane harvesting, deeply plow the land, and apply a bacteria-promoting agent, which includes: decomposed organic fertilizer, microbial inoculant, biochar, molasses, seaweed extract, chitin and yeast extract.

2. The planting method of quantitatively and spacedly vertically sowing single-bud stems of virus-free sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the length of the single-bud seed stem is 8 - 10 cm.

3. A planting method for vertical sowing of detoxified single-bud sugarcane stems with quantitative and fixed spacing, as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the coating agent includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 - 27 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 10 - 16 parts of polyacrylamide, 5 - 9 parts of expanded vermiculite powder, 2 - 5 parts of magnesium peroxide, 13 - 16 parts of glucose, 3 - 7 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3 - 0.9 parts of indolebutyric acid potassium, 10 - 15 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 6 - 12 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 4 - 10 parts of salicylic acid, 2 - 5 parts of sodium silicate and 500 - 800 parts of water.

4. The planting method of quantitative and distance-fixed vertical sowing of virus-free single-bud sugarcane stems according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the planting furrows are wetted before sowing.

5. A planting method for vertical sowing of virus-free single-bud sugarcane stems with quantitative and fixed-spacing, characterized in that, In step (2), the film is a perforated degradable film, and the specifications of the film are 80 cm * 0.012 cm, with a hole spacing of 25 - 35 cm * a hole diameter of 10 cm.

6. The planting method of quantitative and distance - fixed vertical sowing of virus - free single - bud sugarcane stems according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the insecticide is Fugo, and the dosage of the insecticide is 20 - 25 g per mu.

7. A planting method for vertical sowing of virus-free single-bud sugarcane stems with quantitative and fixed-distance, characterized in that, In step (5), the bacteria-promoting agent comprises raw materials in the following parts by weight: 20-30 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 15-25 parts of microbial inoculum, 5-15 parts of biochar, 6-14 parts of molasses, 5-11 parts of seaweed extract, 1-5 parts of chitin, and 8-18 parts of yeast extract.

8. A planting method for vertical sowing of virus-free single-bud sugarcane stems with quantitative and fixed-spacing, characterized in that, The microbial inoculum comprises 10-20 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 15-25 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, and 18-27 parts of arbuscular mycorrhiza.

9. A planting method for vertical sowing of virus-free single-bud sugarcane stems with quantitative and fixed-distance, characterized in that, The preparation method of the seaweed extract is as follows: after drying and crushing brown algae, adding 10-20 times the weight of water, stirring and extracting at 60-80 °C for 3-8 h, filtering, and concentrating and drying the filtrate to obtain the seaweed extract.

10. A planting method for vertical sowing of virus-free single-bud sugarcane stems with quantitative and fixed-distance, characterized in that, The preparation method of the yeast extract is as follows: inoculating 0.2-0.4% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae into a liquid medium, culturing on a shaker at 30-35 °C for 10-12 h, adding 1-2% of cellulase and 2-3% of pectinase, stirring and treating at 40-50 °C for 20-30 min, then adding 0.5-1.5% of papain and continuing to treat for 20-30 min, filtering, taking the filtrate, concentrating, and drying to obtain the yeast extract; the liquid medium comprises 20-30 g / L of wort, 10-15 g / L of glucose, and 0.1-0.4 g / L of leucine, and is made up to 1 L with water.

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