Farmland precise irrigation system based on block chain

Abstract

The invention discloses a precise farmland irrigation system based on a block chain, and relates to the technical field of block chain technologies and water-saving irrigation systems. The system comprises a plurality of data acquisition sensors, a watering device, an Internet of Things gateway, a cloud computing platform and a mobile terminal device. The data acquisition sensor is used for monitoring environmental parameters and crop growth conditions in real time; the watering device automatically adjusts the irrigation amount according to data feedback; the Internet of Things gateway is used for data transmission, and the cloud computing platform is responsible for farmland data processing and analysis; a mobile application program is installed in the mobile terminal device, and irrigation state monitoring and auxiliary management decision making are provided for a user in real time. The system architecture takes a block chain as a bottom layer, all parties reach a consensus in advance, and intelligent provisions are automatically started when specified requirements are met. The system can realize accurate control of farmland irrigation, effectively save water resources, and ensure the safety and consistency of agricultural data sharing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of blockchain technology and farmland irrigation technology, and particularly relates to a blockchain-based precise farmland irrigation system Background Art

[0002] Traditional irrigation methods generally have the problem of low water use efficiency. Many farmlands still adopt the irrigation method of fixed time and fixed amount, which cannot be flexibly adjusted according to the actual needs of crops, resulting in water resource waste and restricted crop growth. Although some agricultural facilities have begun to be equipped with Internet of Things technology to conduct real-time monitoring of soil humidity, temperature, and meteorological conditions through sensors, existing systems often lack efficient data processing and decision-making analysis capabilities and cannot achieve precise irrigation

[0003] In addition, the importance of agricultural data in management has become increasingly prominent, but traditional data storage methods have multiple problems. Low data security, vulnerable to damage or tampering; poor traceability, difficult to confirm the source and processing process of agricultural products; poor sharing, restricted information exchange between different participants. These problems seriously affect the efficiency and transparency of agricultural production and restrict the process of agricultural modernization and sustainable development Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, the present invention provides a blockchain-based precise farmland irrigation system, which can realize intelligent collection, processing, and analysis of farmland data, and provide intelligent control and precise irrigation. It helps to improve the water resource utilization efficiency, enhance the security and traceability of farmland data storage, facilitate data interaction, and at the same time can increase the yield of agricultural crops

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is realized as follows: A blockchain-based precise farmland irrigation system, the system includes several data collection sensors, a sprinkler device, an Internet of Things gateway, a cloud computing platform, and a mobile device, wherein:

[0006] The data collection sensors include farmland environment parameter sensors and crop growth condition sensors, which are used to provide accurate data for subsequent irrigation decisions

[0007] The sprinkler device automatically adjusts the irrigation amount and irrigation frequency according to the real-time data fed back from the data collection sensors

[0008] The Internet of Things gateway is in communication connection with the data collection sensors, the sprinkler device, and the cloud computing platform for data transmission, ensuring the real-time upload and stable transmission of data

[0009] The cloud computing platform analyzes the data collected by the data collection sensors and issues control instructions to the sprinkler device

[0010] The mobile device is installed with a mobile application that provides a monitoring interface for irrigation status and irrigation suggestions to the user. The user can make management decisions based on the suggestions provided by the system.

[0011] Preferably, the farmland environmental parameter sensors specifically include: soil temperature sensors, soil humidity sensors, soil pH sensors, meteorological sensors, water level sensors, and flow sensors; the crop growth status sensors include crop growth monitors.

[0012] Preferably, the sprinkler device includes intelligent valves, filters, irrigation pumps, fertilizer applicators, metering valves, and sprinkler heads. The sprinkler device receives control instructions sent by the cloud computing platform after calculation and processing to achieve intelligent and precise irrigation.

[0013] Preferably, the communication protocols supported by the IoT gateway include Wi-Fi, Zigbee, LoRaWAN, Bluetooth, MQTT, HTTP / HTTPS, Modbus, and NB-IoT, ensuring compatibility and stability with various sensors and control devices, and enabling remote monitoring and management.

[0014] Preferably, the cloud computing platform calculates the potential water requirement and the actual water requirement of the crops based on the soil data, meteorological data, water resource data, and crop data of the farmland to be detected, and calculates the irrigation water volume through the water balance equation to autonomously adjust the farmland irrigation strategy.

[0015] Preferably, the calculation formula for the potential water requirement ET0 is:

[0016]

[0017] where P0 is the standard atmospheric pressure; P is the average atmospheric pressure at the calculation location; Δ is the saturated water vapor pressure at the average temperature; γ is the psychrometer constant; R n is the net solar radiation; E a is the drying power.

[0018] Preferably, the calculation formula for the actual water requirement ET of the crops is:

[0019] ET = K C ×ET0

[0020] where K C is the crop coefficient, which not only varies with the crop but also with the growth stage of the crop.

[0021] Preferably, the calculation formula for the irrigation water volume M is:

[0022] M = ET + W t-W0-W T -P0-K

[0023] wherein, W0 and W t are the water storage amounts in the planned soil wetting layer at the beginning of the time period and at any time t; W T is the increased water amount due to the increase of the planned wetting layer; K is the groundwater recharge amount during the time period t.

[0024] Preferably, the mobile application provides a user interaction interface, through which the irrigation monitoring status and sensor data are displayed in real time, the irrigation plan set by the user and the control instructions for the sprinkler device are received, and early warning notifications are provided, ensuring that users can make scientific decisions and management based on real-time data.

[0025] Preferably, the parties of the blockchain-based precise farmland irrigation system specifically include: farmers, quality inspection units, transportation units, warehousing units, suppliers, and consumers; the blockchain-based precise farmland irrigation system adopts a decentralized data storage method to ensure the security and consistency of data sharing among the parties; it is automatically executed through a smart contract after verifying that its conditions are met; the conditions of the smart contract include the conditions of irrigation management, and the conditions of irrigation management include soil temperature and humidity, weather forecast, and crop demand factors; the smart contract checks whether the above conditions are met, and if so, the system initiates a transaction for water resource allocation and irrigation plan formulation; after the transaction is initiated, the system conducts transaction verification to verify that it complies with the rules of the smart contract and there is sufficient water resource to execute; if the transaction verification passes, the management right of water resource irrigation will be transferred to the farmer role; when any role adds a new user, it needs to obtain the recognition of other roles in the system through a consensus mechanism, and once consensus is reached, a new block is created for the new user; the information of the new user and the transaction is permanently recorded on the blockchain.

[0026] Preferably, the blockchain-based precise farmland irrigation system further includes the following smart contracts:

[0027] Smart contract based on farmers and quality inspection units: Fix the quality and yield when the crops are inspected, use the event that the crops reach the mature stage as a trigger, and the smart contract is automatically executed during inspection; only when the credentials uploaded by the farmer to the system meet the yield and quality requirements, can the inspection pass and enter the transportation process;

[0028] Smart contract based on quality inspection units and transportation units: Fix the pressure on the crops, the temperature and humidity during transportation, use the event that the crops arrive at the warehouse as a trigger, and the smart contract is automatically executed during delivery; only when the pressure, temperature, and humidity during the transportation of the crops meet the requirements, can the warehousing operation be carried out;

[0029] Smart contracts between transport units and storage units: Warehouse temperature, humidity, and storage capacity are fixed, and leaving the warehouse is used as a trigger. The smart contract automatically executes upon leaving the warehouse. Only when the storage temperature, humidity, and storage capacity meet the preset standards will the handover between the supplier and the storage unit be carried out.

[0030] Smart contracts between suppliers and consumers: The quality of agricultural products and supply chain transparency are fixed, and the consumer's purchasing behavior is used as a trigger to automatically execute the smart contract upon delivery; the authenticity and compliance of the products are automatically verified based on the traceability information, quality inspection reports and supply chain record data of the agricultural products. Only when the agricultural products meet the predetermined quality standards and supply chain requirements will the transaction be completed and delivered to the consumer.

[0031] The blockchain-based precision irrigation system for farmland proposed in this invention has the following advantages:

[0032] 1. This invention improves water resource utilization efficiency. Intelligent sensors monitor environmental factors such as soil moisture and weather conditions in real time, as well as crop growth conditions, to automatically adjust irrigation rates and achieve precise irrigation. This flexible irrigation strategy significantly reduces water waste, ensures crops receive the water they need for optimal growth, and promotes sustainable agricultural development.

[0033] 2. This invention enhances data security and traceability. Based on blockchain technology, it ensures that all agricultural data is securely stored and immutable on the blockchain. This feature not only improves data security and prevents information forgery and tampering, but also ensures the traceability of agricultural products throughout the production and supply chain, strengthening consumer trust in food safety.

[0034] 3. This invention enables intelligent decision-making and multi-party collaboration. Through efficient data processing and analysis algorithms, the system automatically generates optimized irrigation strategies, helping farmers make scientific management decisions. Furthermore, blockchain technology enables farmers, quality inspection agencies, transportation companies, warehouses, suppliers, and consumers to securely share data, promoting transparent information exchange and collaboration, and improving the efficiency of overall agricultural production management. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art solutions, the necessary drawings are briefly introduced. Similar elements or parts are identified with the same reference numerals throughout the drawings. Obviously, these drawings are merely illustrative, and a person skilled in the art can deduce other embodiments based on these drawings without inventive effort.

[0036] The content such as the structure, proportion, and dimensions shown in this specification is only for assisting the content of the specification, aiming to help those skilled in the relevant art understand, and does not limit the implementation conditions of the present invention. Therefore, these details do not have substantial technical significance. Any change in structure, adjustment of proportion relationship, or modification of dimensions, as long as it does not affect the effects and objectives of the present invention, shall be within the scope covered by the technical content disclosed in the present invention.

[0037] Figure 1 The structural diagram of a farmland precise irrigation system based on blockchain provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 The flow chart of a farmland precise irrigation system based on blockchain provided by the present invention. Specific embodiments

[0039] Next, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments deduced by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0040] The embodiments of the present invention provide a farmland precise irrigation system based on blockchain. Specifically, as Figure 1 shown, the system includes a number of data acquisition sensors, a sprinkler device, an Internet of Things gateway, a cloud computing platform, and a mobile device. Transparency among supply chain stakeholders is maintained through multi-party consensus, and smart contracts ensure automatic execution of transactions when specified functional sets are met.

[0041] In this embodiment, data acquisition sensors are used to monitor the environmental parameters of the farmland and the growth status of crops in real time, so as to provide accurate data for subsequent irrigation decisions. The data acquisition sensors include soil temperature sensors, soil humidity sensors, soil pH sensors, meteorological sensors, water level sensors, flow sensors, crop growth monitors, etc. By integrating the sensor unit, the precise water level required for crop irrigation is automatically measured, and the sensor data is sent to an external server unit for monitoring the water level.

[0042] In this embodiment, the sprinkler device is used as the actuator of the irrigation system. By receiving the control instructions sent by the cloud computing platform after calculation and processing, it performs irrigation at fixed points and in fixed quantities. In the case of a decrease in the water level, the integrated sensor unit will trigger an alarm signal and call the sprinkler device to perform irrigation operations.

[0043] In this embodiment, an Internet of Things gateway is used as an intermediary for data transmission to ensure real-time uploading and stable transmission of data. The sensor readings are sent to a microcontroller unit with 8 analog inputs and a 5V direct output. The data is sent using the Internet of Things gateway, and the exchange is carried out through the low-power narrow-band Internet of Things protocol NB-IoT, with a delay of approximately 200 ms.

[0044] In this embodiment, a cloud computing platform is used for data storage, processing, and analysis. The platform adopts big data analysis technology to calculate the potential water requirement and the actual water requirement of crops for the collected and integrated soil data, meteorological data, water resource data, and crop data of the farmland to be detected, and calculates the irrigation water volume through the water balance equation to autonomously adjust the farmland irrigation strategy.

[0045] The algorithms and detection specific processes of the cloud computing platform are as follows:

[0046] The first step: Collect and integrate the farmland data obtained by the data acquisition sensors and the latest weather forecast data obtained from the Internet to form a complete data set;

[0047] The second step: Preprocess the data, including data cleaning, missing value filling, and outlier detection, to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the data;

[0048] The third step: Apply the following formula to analyze the processed data and evaluate the appropriate irrigation water volume under the current crop growth conditions.

[0049] The calculation formula for the potential water requirement ET0 is:

[0050]

[0051] Where, P0 is the standard atmospheric pressure; P is the average atmospheric pressure at the calculation location; Δ is the saturated water vapor pressure at the average temperature; γ is the hygrometer constant; R n is the net solar radiation; E2 is the drying power.

[0052] The calculation formula for the actual water requirement ET of crops is:

[0053] ET = K C ×ET0

[0054] Where, K C is the crop coefficient, which not only varies with the crop but also with the growth stage of the crop.

[0055] The calculation formula for the irrigation water volume M is:

[0056] M = ET + W t -W0 - W T -P0 - K

[0057] Among them, W0 and W t are the water storage in the planned soil wetting layer at the beginning of the time period and at any time t; W T is the increased water volume due to the increase in the planned wetting layer; K is the groundwater recharge volume during the time period t.

[0058] Step 4: According to the analysis results, generate an intelligent irrigation decision to determine the optimal irrigation volume and time.

[0059] Step 5: Transmit the decision result to the actuator of the irrigation system to perform automatic irrigation.

[0060] Step 6: Monitor the irrigation execution process, collect feedback data in real time, conduct effect evaluation, and adjust the irrigation strategy as needed.

[0061] Step 7: Regularly update the model, combine new data and feedback, continuously optimize the irrigation decision, and improve the intelligence level of the system.

[0062] In this embodiment, a mobile application installed on a mobile device provides a user interaction interface, allowing users to monitor the irrigation status in real time, view sensor data, set irrigation plans, and receive warning notifications. At the same time, it supports users to remotely control the functions of the system to ensure that users can make scientific decisions and management based on real-time data.

[0063] In this embodiment, using blockchain technology as the underlying layer, adopting a decentralized data storage method to ensure the security and consistency of data sharing among all parties. At the same time, through smart contracts, operations under preset conditions are automatically executed to promote information transparency and efficient collaboration among all participating parties (such as farmers, quality inspection units, transportation units, warehousing units, suppliers, consumers, etc.).

[0064] In this embodiment, in order to achieve automatic payment, a smart contract running on the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) is designed, and this contract processes transactions as EVM bytecodes. Specifically, this contract can automatically process payment transactions according to preset conditions. For example, when specific agricultural conditions (such as crop growth status or meteorological data) are met, it automatically triggers payments to relevant participating parties (such as farmers and quality inspection units), thereby simplifying the transaction process and improving efficiency.

[0065] In this embodiment, the agricultural supply chain integrated by blockchain technology mainly includes the following key business roles:

[0066] Farmers: Responsible for the cultivation of crops, providing a suitable planting environment, and ensuring the precise irrigation of crops;

[0067] Quality inspection units: Ensure the quality and yield of crops through a series of strict quality inspections;

[0068] Transportation unit: Transport crops to the warehouse safely and in a timely manner, and ensure that the pressure, temperature, and humidity conditions during transportation meet fixed requirements;

[0069] Warehousing unit: Responsible for packaging and storing crops, and ensure that the quality of crops is not affected;

[0070] Supplier: Provide retail business of selling crops to individual consumers;

[0071] Consumer: Purchase crops and provide feedback on product quality and safety to producers and quality inspection units;

[0072] Traceability platform operator: Analyze and process farmland data through steps such as collection, storage, retrieval, processing, and conversion, maintain the stable operation of the platform, and provide traceability services.

[0073] In this embodiment, the smart contract involves decentralization-based automation. All business roles deposit assets into the smart contract, and the assets are redistributed among the parties according to defined criteria and rules. The smart contract is self-verifying, self-executing, and tamper-proof. It automates the process and ensures a higher level of security. The specific process is as follows:

[0074] The smart contract based on farmers and the irrigation system fixes the irrigation volume and frequency required during the crop growth process, takes the event that the crop reaches a predetermined growth stage or specific environmental conditions as a trigger, and automatically executes the smart contract during irrigation. The smart contract will automatically adjust the irrigation plan according to real-time weather data (such as rainfall, temperature, humidity) and soil moisture sensor data. The irrigation system will only be activated when the monitoring data indicates that the crop needs irrigation. At the same time, the smart contract will record the detailed information of each irrigation, including time, water volume, and irrigation area, to ensure that the crop receives an appropriate amount of water under the best growth conditions, thereby improving crop yield and quality.

[0075] The triggers of the smart contract during irrigation include soil moisture and weather changes. When the data of the soil moisture sensor is lower than the preset threshold or there is a drought, the smart contract automatically activates the irrigation system.

[0076] The smart contract will perform condition verification after each irrigation. The conditions include environmental factors and crop growth status. Verify whether the environmental conditions and crop growth after irrigation meet agricultural standards through the data of multiple sensors.

[0077] The smart contract based on farmers and the quality inspection unit fixes the quality and yield during crop quality inspection, takes the event that the crop reaches maturity as a trigger, and automatically executes the smart contract during quality inspection. Only when it is ensured that the credentials uploaded by farmers meet the yield and quality requirements, can the crop pass the quality inspection and enter the transportation process.

[0078] The smart contract based on the quality inspection unit and the transportation unit fixes the pressure on the crops, the temperature and humidity during the transportation process, and uses the event of the crops arriving at the warehouse as a trigger to automatically execute the smart contract at the time of delivery. Only when it is ensured that the pressure, temperature, and humidity during the transportation of the crops meet the requirements, will the warehousing operation be carried out.

[0079] The smart contract based on the transportation unit and the warehousing unit fixes the temperature, humidity, and storage capacity of the warehouse, and uses the event of leaving the warehouse as a trigger condition to automatically execute the smart contract when leaving the warehouse. Only when the stored temperature, humidity, and storage capacity meet the established standards, will the handover work between the supplier and the warehousing unit be carried out.

[0080] The smart contract based on the supplier and the consumer fixes the quality of the agricultural products and the transparency of the supply chain, and uses the consumer's purchase behavior as a trigger to automatically execute the smart contract at the time of delivery. The smart contract will automatically verify the authenticity and compliance of the product based on the traceability information, quality inspection report, and supply chain record data of the agricultural products. Only when it is ensured that the agricultural products meet the predetermined quality standards and supply chain requirements, will the transaction be completed and delivered to the consumer. At the same time, the smart contract will record the detailed information of each transaction, including the purchase time, product type, quantity, and price, to ensure that consumers can obtain transparent and reliable product information when purchasing, thereby enhancing consumer trust and market competitiveness.

[0081] In this embodiment, the smart contract is deterministic, forming an auditable, chronological, and immutable block, which is verified by the consensus mechanism and added to each stakeholder chain. Therefore, if there is a problem at any point in the chain, the source of the security problem can be found according to the chronological order. As Figure 2 shown, the working process of the precise irrigation system based on the blockchain is as follows:

[0082] In a blockchain-based precision irrigation system, the addition of new users or farmers follows a strict process to ensure the security of the system and the rational allocation of resources. First, new members must be recognized by other participants in the system through a consensus mechanism, which involves verifying the identity and qualifications of the new members. Once consensus is reached, the system creates a new block for the new user on the blockchain, which records the user's basic information and the details of their joining the system. Subsequently, the system automatically executes preset smart contracts, which contain the rules and conditions for irrigation management, such as soil temperature and humidity, weather forecasts, and crop requirements. The smart contracts check whether these conditions are met. If they are, the system initiates a transaction, which involves the allocation of water resources and the formulation of irrigation plans. After the transaction is initiated, the system verifies its validity to ensure that it complies with the rules of the smart contract and that there are sufficient water resources to execute it. If the transaction is verified, the management right of water resource irrigation will be transferred to the user or farmer, enabling them to manage irrigation according to their own needs. Finally, the information of the new user or farmer and the details of the transaction will be permanently recorded on the blockchain to ensure the transparency and immutability of all operations. This process not only improves the efficiency of water resource management but also enhances the trust among users because all transactions are publicly accessible, thus ensuring the transparency and traceability of the entire irrigation process.

[0083] Functional characteristics of this system:

[0084] 1. Real-time monitoring and decision support: The system provides real-time monitoring of key parameters such as irrigation status and crop growth conditions through a mobile application and a cloud computing platform. Users can view the real-time data of the agricultural environment at any time, quickly respond to changes, and ensure timely adjustment of irrigation strategies to improve crop growth efficiency.

[0085] 2. Precision automation and remote control: The system uses Internet of Things technology to achieve remote automation control of irrigation equipment. Based on real-time analysis of sensor data and the cloud computing platform, the system can automatically adjust the irrigation volume and irrigation time to ensure precise and efficient irrigation.

[0086] 3. Precision irrigation saves water resources: Through data analysis and model prediction, the system can adjust the irrigation volume in real time to achieve precision irrigation and avoid waste of water resources. According to different crop types and growth stages, the system can automatically optimize the irrigation cycle and water volume to ensure that crops develop in the best growth environment while saving precious water resources.

[0087] 4. Data security traceability: The present invention ensures the security, transparency, and immutability of all data in the system through blockchain technology. All farmland data, irrigation records, and payment information are stored in the blockchain, ensuring the authenticity and traceability of the data, preventing tampering and forgery, and enhancing the trust in agricultural management. The system's data traceability ability enables the entire process of agricultural products from planting to sales to be traced, enhancing security.

[0088] The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments, aiming to clarify the technical solutions and their applications of the present invention, and do not limit the actual application scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art and related technical fields can make some modifications or improvements to it. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or innovation made within the substantial content and protection scope of the present invention shall be regarded as falling within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based precise farmland irrigation system, characterized in that, The system includes several data acquisition sensors, sprinkler devices, IoT gateways, cloud computing platforms, and mobile devices, among which: The data acquisition sensors include farmland environmental parameter sensors and crop growth status sensors; The sprinkler automatically adjusts the irrigation amount and frequency based on real-time data fed back from the data acquisition sensor; The communication connection between the IoT gateway and the data acquisition sensor, sprinkler device, and cloud computing platform data transmission; The cloud computing platform analyzes the data collected by the data acquisition sensor and issues control instructions to the sprinkler device; A mobile application is installed on the mobile terminal device, and the mobile application provides the user with an irrigation status monitoring interface and irrigation suggestions.

2. The farmland precise irrigation system based on blockchain according to claim 1, characterized in that, The farmland environmental parameter sensors specifically include: soil temperature sensor, soil moisture sensor, soil pH sensor, meteorological sensor, water level sensor, flow sensor; the crop growth status sensor includes a crop growth monitor.

3. The farmland precise irrigation system based on blockchain according to claim 1, characterized in that The sprinkler device includes an intelligent valve, a filter, an irrigation pump, a fertilizer applicator, a metering valve, and a sprinkler head. The sprinkler device receives control instructions issued by a cloud computing platform after calculation and processing, thereby realizing intelligent and precise irrigation.

4. The farmland precise irrigation system based on blockchain according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication protocols supported by the IoT gateway include Wi-Fi, Zigbee, LoRaWAN, Bluetooth, MQTT, HTTP / HTTPS, Modbus, and NB-IoT.

5. A farmland precise irrigation system based on blockchain according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cloud computing platform uses the Penman formula to calculate the potential water demand and actual crop water demand based on the soil data, meteorological data, water resource data, and crop data of the inspected farmland, and deduces the irrigation water volume through the water balance equation to autonomously adjust the farmland irrigation strategy.

6. The farmland precise irrigation system based on blockchain according to claim 5, characterized in that, The calculation formula of the potential water demand ET0 is: Where P0 is the standard atmospheric pressure; P is the average atmospheric pressure at the calculation location; Δ is the saturated water vapor pressure at the average temperature; γ is the hygrometer constant; R n is the net solar radiation; E a For drying power.

7. The farmland precise irrigation system based on blockchain according to claim 5, characterized in that, The calculation formula of the actual water requirement ET of the crops is: ET = K C × ET0 Among them, K C is the crop coefficient; The calculation formula of the irrigation water volume M is: M = ET + W t -W0 - W T -P0 - K where, W0 and W t are the water storage amounts in the planned soil wetting layer at the beginning of the time period and at any time t; W T is the increased water amount due to the increase in the planned wetting layer; K is the groundwater recharge amount during the time period t.

8. The blockchain-based farmland precision irrigation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific roles of the blockchain-based farmland precision irrigation system include: farmers, quality inspection units, transportation units, storage units, suppliers, and consumers; The blockchain-based farmland precision irrigation system adopts a decentralized data storage method to ensure the security and consistency of data sharing among all parties; it is automatically executed after verifying that its conditions are met through smart contracts; The conditions of the smart contract include irrigation management conditions, which include soil temperature and humidity, weather forecasts, and crop demand factors; The smart contract checks whether the above conditions are met. If so, the system initiates a transaction for water resource allocation and irrigation plan formulation. After the transaction is initiated, the system verifies the transaction to verify that it complies with the rules of the smart contract and that there are sufficient water resources to execute it. If the transaction is verified, the management of water resources for irrigation will be transferred to the farmer role. When any role adds a new user, it needs to obtain the approval of other roles in the system through a consensus mechanism. Once consensus is reached, a new block is created for the new user; the information of the new user and the transaction is permanently recorded on the blockchain.

9. The farmland precise irrigation system based on blockchain according to claim 8, characterized in that the farmland precise irrigation system based on blockchain further includes the following smart contracts: Smart contract based on farmers and quality inspection units: Fix the quality and yield during crop quality inspection, use the event that the crops reach maturity as a trigger, and automatically execute the smart contract during quality inspection; Only when the credentials uploaded by farmers to the system meet the yield and quality requirements, can they pass the quality inspection and enter the transportation process; Smart contract based on quality inspection units and transportation units: Fix the pressure on the crops, the temperature and humidity during transportation, use the event that the crops arrive at the warehouse as a trigger, and automatically execute the smart contract during delivery; Only when the pressure, temperature and humidity during crop transportation meet the requirements, can the warehousing operation be carried out; Smart contract based on transportation units and warehousing units: Fix the temperature, humidity and storage capacity of the warehouse, use leaving the warehouse as a trigger condition, and automatically execute the smart contract when leaving the warehouse; Only when the stored temperature, humidity and storage capacity meet the preset standards, can the handover work between the supplier and the warehousing unit be executed; Smart contract based on suppliers and consumers: Fix the quality of agricultural products and the transparency of the supply chain, use the purchase behavior of consumers as a trigger, and automatically execute the smart contract during delivery; Automatically verify the authenticity and compliance of products according to the traceability information, quality inspection reports and supply chain record data of agricultural products. Only when the agricultural products meet the predetermined quality standards and supply chain requirements, can the transaction be completed and delivered to consumers.

10. The farmland precise irrigation system based on blockchain according to claim 1, wherein, The mobile application provides a user interaction interface, through which the irrigation status and sensor data are displayed in real time, the irrigation plan set by the user and the control instructions for the sprinkler device are received, and early warning notifications are provided.

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