Method for domesticating mandarin fish fries

Abstract

The invention provides a method for domesticating siniperca chuatsi fries. The method comprises the following steps: 1) on the first day, putting siniperca chuatsi fries into a domestication barrel, and feeding live baits; (2) on the second day, live bait is fed in the morning, mixed bait is fed in the afternoon, and the mixed bait is obtained by mixing the live bait and bait with poor activity; (3) feeding bait with poor activity on the third day; (4) feeding live bait wrapped with powder from the fourth day to the fifth day, and mixing the live bait with the powder of the expanded feed to obtain the live bait wrapped with the powder; (5) on the sixth day, the dead bait wrapped with powder is fed, and the dead bait wrapped with the powder is obtained by mixing dead bait and expanded feed powder; and (6) feeding expanded feed on the seventh day. By means of the domestication method, domestication can be conducted in the early stage of the siniperca chuatsi, the time for the siniperca chuatsi fry to completely eat the expanded feed is shortened by half compared with domestication in a pond, and the domestication survival rate is 60% or above.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly to a method for domesticating Siniperca chuatsi fry. Background Art

[0002] Siniperca chuatsi, commonly known as "mandarin fish", "osmanthus fish", "giant perch", "seasonal flower fish", etc., has more than 10 common species such as Siniperca chuatsi, Siniperca kneri, Siniperca neglecta, Siniperca scherzeri, etc. Siniperca chuatsi is an important aquaculture economic variety in China. Due to its tender meat and no intermuscular spines, it is deeply favored by the market and consumers. In recent years, the domestic output of Siniperca chuatsi has remained at 3.5 - 4 million tons, with an output value exceeding 20 billion yuan, and the total industrial chain value is about 70 billion yuan, mainly farming Siniperca chuatsi.

[0003] At present, artificial intensive farming of Siniperca chuatsi can be divided into three stages: fry cultivation stage, fingerling cultivation stage, and commercial Siniperca chuatsi farming stage. Since Siniperca chuatsi is a typical carnivorous fish with a fierce temperament, it feeds on fish and other aquatic animals throughout its life in the natural environment. Since the opening period, it has eaten other fry and refused to eat dead bait or formulated feed. Therefore, the domestication process of Siniperca chuatsi fry under artificial breeding conditions is complex and the success rate is relatively low, which has become one of the bottleneck problems for the sustainable and healthy development of the industry.

[0004] At present, there are methods for domesticating mandarin fish fry to feed on formulated feeds. For example, the invention patent with the publication number CN110089458B discloses a method for domesticating mandarin fish fry, which includes the following steps: S1: Select fry of appropriate size and put them into the domestication pond, with the fry specification being 300 - 320 pieces per kilogram; S2: Feed the fry with live fish until the third day; S3: Feed the fry with a domestication feed and live fish mixture until the seventh day; S4: Feed the fry with a domestication feed and a growth feed mixture until the tenth day; S5: Feed the fry with the growth feed. However, this patent has problems such as the need to make fresh fish mince, prepare a complex pretreatment solution (including 400 - 500 milliliters of white wine, 200 - 250 milliliters of starch solution, 50 - 100 milliliters of mint juice, and 50 - 100 milliliters of houttuynia cordata juice), and a relatively long domestication time (more than 10 days). Another example is that the invention patent with the publication number 106719128A discloses a method for domesticating mandarin fish, which includes the following steps: After the mandarin fish fry grow to 6 - 8 centimeters while feeding on live bait, transfer them to a domestication pond with weak light. After dieting for 2 - 3 days, feed live fry and fresh meat products, gradually reduce the feeding amount of live fry, and gradually add artificial feed components until completely stopping feeding with live feed. However, this patent has problems such as a late start of domestication (requiring the mandarin fish fry to grow to 6 - 7 centimeters while feeding on live bait), the need to sprinkle a complex traditional Chinese medicine preparation solution (corydalis yanhusuo, aloe vera, semen ziziphi spinosae, semen platycladi, lilium brownii, polygala tenuifolia, cortex albiziae, caulis polygonati multiflori, viola philippica, concha margaritifera usta), and the need to use fresh meat products (including shrimp meat, chicken meat, frog meat, and even cockroach meat), which is likely to spread diseases and pollute the water quality. In view of the above problems, the present application provides a method for domesticating topmouth culter fry, which shortens the domestication time of topmouth culter fry, simplifies the domestication operation, improves the domestication efficiency, and reduces the domestication cost. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a method for domesticating topmouth culter fry to solve the problems in the prior art such as long domestication time, large demand for live fish bait, unstable bait supply, high labor intensity, high domestication cost, and low survival rate during the domestication process of topmouth culter fry.

[0006] The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0007] The present invention protects a method for domesticating topmouth culter fry, which includes the following steps:

[0008] 1) On the first day, put the topmouth culter fry into the domestication barrel and feed them with live fish bait;

[0009] 2) On the second day, feed live fish bait in the morning and feed a mixed bait in the afternoon, and the mixed bait is obtained by mixing live fish bait and bait with poor activity ability;

[0010] 3) On the third day, feed the bait with poor activity ability;

[0011] 4) On the 4th - 5th day, feed the live fish bait wrapped with powder, where the live fish bait wrapped with powder is obtained by mixing live fish bait and the powder of expanded feed;

[0012] 5) On the 6th day, feed the dead fish bait wrapped with powder, where the dead fish bait wrapped with powder is obtained by mixing dead fish bait and the powder of expanded feed;

[0013] 6) On the 7th day, feed the expanded feed.

[0014] The domestication method of this application involves feeding live fish bait on the 1st day, feeding fish bait with poor motility in the afternoon of the 2nd day, and continuing to feed fish bait with poor motility on the 3rd day, which is beneficial for inducing fry to gather in the feeding area and adapting to feeding on non - live fish bait in advance; and by feeding the dead fish bait wrapped with powder on the 4th - 5th day, it is beneficial for consolidating the adaptability of fry to dead fish bait. As a result, comprehensively, the fry can actively grab live fish bait. Compared with the traditional pond domestication, the method of domesticating Siniperca chuatsi fry in a canvas barrel in this application shortens the time for fry to completely feed on expanded feed by at least more than half, and the domestication survival rate is over 60%, and the daily weight gain reaches 0.44 g / day.

[0015] In some embodiments, the fish bait is selected from one or more of crucian carp, mud carp, grass carp, and blunt snout bream. In some more specific embodiments, it is crucian carp, and the specification of the crucian carp is 2500 - 3000 tails per catty. Crucian carp is closer to mud carp fry in morphology and is more favored by Siniperca chuatsi. However, crucian carp is found throughout the country, while mud carp is a warm - water fish, and there are problems of high cost and unstable supply when using mud carp to domesticate Siniperca chuatsi in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and in the north.

[0016] In some embodiments, the fish bait with poor motility is obtained by placing live fish bait in an anhydrous environment to make it in an oxygen - deficient state. Specifically, the fish bait with poor motility is obtained by taking live fish bait from the pond, leaving it dry out of water for 2 - 3 minutes to make it in an oxygen - deficient state.

[0017] In some embodiments, the dead fish bait is after the live fish bait dies.

[0018] In some embodiments, the expanded feed comprises raw materials in the following parts by weight: 55 - 75 parts of fish meal, 2 - 6 parts of krill meal, 2 - 4 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed shrimp slurry, 2 - 4 parts of blood globulin powder, 1 - 3 parts of wheat gluten, 7 - 13 parts of tapioca flour, 3 - 5 parts of soybean oil, 2 - 4 parts of phospholipid oil, 1 - 3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1 - 2 parts of compound vitamin, 1 - 2 parts of compound mineral, 0.2 - 0.6 parts of Clostridium butyricum, 0.2 - 0.4 parts of bile acid, and 0.2 - 0.4 parts of Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract. In a specific embodiment, it comprises raw materials in the following parts by weight: 50 parts of Peruvian fish meal, 15 parts of domestic fish meal, 4 parts of krill meal, 3 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed shrimp slurry, 3 parts of blood globulin powder, 2 parts of wheat gluten, 10 parts of tapioca flour, 4 parts of soybean oil, 3 parts of phospholipid oil, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1.5 parts of compound vitamin premix, 1.5 parts of compound mineral premix, 0.4 parts of Clostridium butyricum, 0.3 parts of bile acid, and 0.3 parts of Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract. The expanded feed of the present application has a crude protein content of not less than 48% and a crude fat content of not less than 10%. Siniperca chuatsi is a carnivorous fish. Although its stomach and pyloric caeca are well-developed, its intestine is short and thin, and it is easily damaged by bait oxidation and inflamed during the domestication process. However, through the screening of the raw materials of the expanded feed in the present application, a feed suitable for Siniperca chuatsi fry is obtained, which can improve the domestication survival rate and effectively protect the gastrointestinal tract of the fry.

[0019] In some embodiments, the feed has a crude protein content of not less than 48% and a crude fat content of not less than 10%.

[0020] In some embodiments, the expanded feed has a diameter of 1 - 3 mm and a length of 8 - 12 mm. It can also be a diameter of 2 mm and a length of 10 mm.

[0021] In some specific embodiments, the preparation of the enzymatically hydrolyzed shrimp slurry comprises the following steps:

[0022] (A1) Take fresh shrimp, wash them clean, and then add 2 - 4 times the weight of water to make a homogenate to obtain a homogenate solution;

[0023] (A2) Adjust the pH value of the homogenate solution to 6 - 7, then add protease and enzymatically hydrolyze at 60 - 70 °C for 90 - 120 min, and then heat to 90 - 100 °C and maintain for 20 - 30 min to inactivate the enzyme activity to obtain an enzymolysis solution;

[0024] (A3) Vacuum concentrate the enzymolysis solution to a water content of 30 wt% - 35 wt% to obtain a concentrated solution; this is the enzymatically hydrolyzed shrimp slurry. The enzymatically hydrolyzed shrimp slurry contains more free amino acids, small peptides and other physiological nutrient factors, and the content of flavor amino acids such as glutamic acid, alanine, leucine and taurine also increases significantly, which is more conducive to enhancing the feeding attraction effect of Siniperca chuatsi on the feed and promoting the absorption and utilization of nutrients by the digestive tract.

[0025] In some more specific embodiments, the protease in step (A2) is papain, and the enzyme activity is 2000 - 3000 U / g.

[0026] In some specific embodiments, the method for preparing the expanded feed is as follows: after tempering each raw material, extruding and expanding it, and then drying it to obtain the expanded feed.

[0027] In some more specific embodiments, the temperature of tempering is 90 - 110 °C, and the time of tempering is 90 - 120 s.

[0028] In some more specific embodiments, the temperature of extrusion and expansion is 70 - 85 °C, the pressure of extrusion and expansion is 3 - 4.5 MPa, and the time of extrusion and expansion is 5 - 10 s.

[0029] In some more specific embodiments, the temperature of drying is 70 - 85 °C.

[0030] In some embodiments, in 1), the acclimation barrel is a canvas barrel. The diameter of the canvas barrel is 6 m, the height of the barrel is 1.5 m, the water depth in the barrel is 1.1 - 1.2 m, and the total water volume is more than 30 m³. 3 above.

[0031] In some embodiments, in 1), based on the volume of the acclimation barrel, the stocking density of fry is (400 - 700) tails / m³, 3 it can also be (400 - 650) tails / m³, 3 it can also be (550 - 700) tails / m³, 3 it can also be 500 tails / m³, 3 600 tails / m³. 3 .

[0032] In some embodiments, in 1), the specification of the fry is (2.5 - 4.0) g / tail, it can also be (2.5 - 3.4) g / tail, it can also be (3.1 - 4.0) g / tail, or it can also be 2.5 g / tail.

[0033] In some embodiments, in 1), the total length of the fry is 3 - 4 cm.

[0034] In some embodiments, in 1), based on the initial weight of the fry, the feeding amount of live bait is 15 - 25% of the body weight of the fry, it can also be 15 - 22%, it can also be 20 - 25%, or it can also be 20%. In this step, the feeding frequency of live bait is twice a day, and the feeding amount is the total feeding amount for one day.

[0035] In some embodiments, in 2), the weight ratio of the live fish bait to the fish bait with poor motility is 30:(60 - 80), and can also be 30:(60 - 73), can also be 30:(72 - 80), and can also be 30:70.

[0036] In some embodiments, in 2), based on the initial weight of the fry, the feeding amount of the mixed fish bait is 8 - 10% of the body weight of the fry.

[0037] In some embodiments, in 2), based on the initial weight of the fry, the feeding amount of the live fish bait is 10 - 15% of the body weight of the fry.

[0038] In some embodiments, in 3), based on the initial weight of the fry, the feeding amount of the fish bait with poor motility is 10% - 15%.

[0039] In some embodiments, in 4), based on the initial weight of the fry, the feeding amount of the coated live fish bait is 10 - 15%.

[0040] In some embodiments, in 4), the weight ratio of the live fish bait to the feed is (85 - 95):10, and can also be (85 - 92):10, can also be (88 - 95):10, and can also be 90:10.

[0041] In some embodiments, in 5), based on the initial weight of the fry, the feeding amount of the coated dead fish bait is 8 - 10%.

[0042] In some embodiments, in 5), the weight ratio of the dead fish bait to the feed is (75 - 85):20, and can also be (75 - 82):10, can also be (78 - 85):10, and can also be 80:20.

[0043] In some embodiments, in 6), based on the initial weight of the fry, the feeding amount of the expanded feed is 6 - 8% of the body weight of the fry.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0045] 1) The present invention provides a method for domesticating mandarin fish fry, which enables the mandarin fish fry to completely feed on the expanded feed in 7 days, shortening the time by more than half compared with pond domestication, and the domestication survival rate is more than 60%; while the domestication time of pond mandarin fish fry is more than 15 days, and the survival rate is less than 30%.

[0046] 2) The method of the present invention can domesticate mandarin fish at an early stage, that is, domesticate them at a relatively small size (3-4 cm), while the domestication of mandarin fish fry in the prior art is carried out at a relatively large size (6-10 cm). Therefore, by domesticating the fry at an early stage, the present invention reduces the dependence on live bait, significantly reduces the bait cost, and at the same time avoids water pollution caused by feeding live fish bait, improving the economic benefits of aquaculture.

[0047] 3) By screening the raw materials of the extruded feed, the present invention obtains the feed for mandarin fish fry, especially for small-sized fry, which can increase the domestication survival rate by more than 60%, increase the daily weight gain by at least 44%, and can effectively protect the gastrointestinal tract of the fry. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0048] Figure 1 The canvas barrel used for domestication.

[0049] Figure 2 The actual photo of the fry before domestication in Example 1.

[0050] Figure 3 The actual photo of the fry on the 13th day of domestication in Example 1. Detailed Embodiments

[0051] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0052] In a specific embodiment, the domestication method includes the following steps:

[0053] 1) Put mandarin fish fry into the domestication barrel and feed them with live fish bait for 1 day, and the feeding amount is 15-25% of the initial total weight of the mandarin fish fry. The feeding time of the whole domestication feed follows the "morning and evening" principle: it is advisable to feed in the early morning when it is just dawn, and in the afternoon, it is advisable to feed 2 hours before dark.

[0054] 2) On the second day, feed live fish bait in the morning, and the feeding amount is 10-15% of the initial total weight of the mandarin fish fry. Feed the mixed fish bait in the afternoon, and the feeding amount is 8-10%. The mixed fish bait is obtained from live fish bait and fish bait with poor swimming ability (the ratio of the two baits is 30:70).

[0055] 3) On the third day, feed the fish bait with poor swimming ability twice a day, and the feeding amount is 10-15% of the total weight of the stocked mandarin fish fry.

[0056] 4) On the 4th - 5th day, feed the coated live fish bait, which is obtained by wrapping the live fish bait with the powder ground from the extruded feed; feed twice a day, and the feeding amount is 10-15% of the initial total weight of the mandarin fish fry.

[0057] 5) On the 6th day, feed the dead fish baits wrapped with powder, where the dead fish baits wrapped with powder are obtained by wrapping dead fish baits with the powder ground from expanded feed; feed twice a day, and the feeding amount is 8-10% of the initial total weight of the mandarin fish fry.

[0058] 6) On the 7th day, feed the expanded feed twice a day, and the daily feeding amount is 6-8% of the initial total weight of the mandarin fish fry, and continuously feed for more than 2 hours for each meal.

[0059] In the following embodiments of the present application, the domestication of mandarin fish fry is carried out in canvas barrels. The diameter of each canvas barrel is 6 meters, the barrel height is 1.5 m, the water depth is kept at 1.1 m - 1.2 m, and the total water volume is 30 m 3 or more. The water source pond for domestication needs to use bleaching powder to kill the miscellaneous fish at the bottom of the pond, and then fill the pond with new water; the inlet water is filtered through a 100-mesh double-layer nylon screen. After the water is filled, sprinkle 50 kg / mu of bleaching powder or 100 kg / mu of quicklime all over the pond to kill the harmful germs and other enemy organisms in the water body.

[0060] Each canvas barrel is equipped with an independent water inlet pipe and a drain pipe. The diameter of the water inlet pipe is 110 cm, the diameter of the drain pipe is 160 cm, and a 100-mesh double-layer nylon filter screen is installed at the water inlet of the water inlet pipe. Each canvas barrel is laid with a nano air stone with a diameter of 15 cm,

[0061] and place one nano air stone every 5 cubic meters; use liquid oxygen in combination to keep the dissolved oxygen in the water body above 6 mg / L.

[0062] Selection of mandarin fish fry: It is required that the body surface is injury-free, without deformity, the body color is bright and has a natural luster, and the specifications are uniform; there are no parasites under microscopic examination, and the liver is bright red or dark red during anatomical examination; the samples are tested by local testing institutions, without specific diseases and pathogen carriers; feeding needs to be stopped in advance before transportation to ensure an empty intestine; especially large-headed fish need to be picked out.

[0063] [[ID=2I]]The average specification of mandarin fish is 2.5 g per tail, the total length is 3-4 cm, and the stocking density is 500-600 tails / m 3 . After the fry are put into the pond, sprinkle 2 ppm of vitamin C preparation all over the pond to reduce the stress response.

[0064] The live fish bait is crucian carp fry, and the specification is 2,500-3,000 tails per catty.

[0065] The compound vitamins / minerals used in the embodiments of the present invention are all a mixture of common-source feed compound vitamins and feed compound minerals in a mass ratio of 1:1. As in the embodiments of the present invention, in the compound vitamins / minerals, the nutrients provided per 1 kg include: VD 1200 IU, VE 50 mg, VC 35 mg, VB1 0.3 mg, VB2 3.5 mg, VB6 3 mg, VB <{ 120.5 mg, VK 0.5 mg, inositol 220 mg, calcium D-pantothenate 16.3 mg, niacin 14 mg, biotin 0.5 mg, folic acid 3.8 mg, FeSO4·7H2O 380 mg, CuSO4·5H2O 6 mg, ZnSO4·7H2O 78 mg, MnSO4·H2O 20 mg, NaCl 400 mg, NaSeO3·5H2O 0.5 mg, KI 0.4 mg.

[0066] The expanded feed used in the present invention is composed of: 50 parts of Peruvian fish meal, 15 parts of domestic fish meal, 4 parts of krill meal, 3 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed shrimp lysate, 3 parts of blood globulin powder, 2 parts of wheat gluten powder, 10 parts of cassava powder, 4 parts of soybean oil, 3 parts of phospholipid oil, 2 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5 parts of compound vitamin premix, 1.5 parts of compound mineral premix, 0.4 part of Clostridium butyricum, 0.3 part of bile acid, and 0.3 part of Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract. The crude protein content of the feed is not less than 48%, and the crude fat content is not less than 10%. The expanded feed is steam-conditioned with a conditioner for each raw material, saturated steam is introduced, and the conditioning temperature is 100°C; then it enters the extrusion cavity for extrusion expansion, the expansion pressure is 4 MPa, the expansion temperature is 85°C, and the time is 10 s; finally, it is dried at 85°C to obtain the expanded feed. Unless otherwise specified, the Clostridium butyricum in the examples of the present invention is the Clostridium butyricum of Henan Jinbaihe Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 1.0×10 10 CFU / g; unless otherwise specified, the bile acid in the examples of the present invention is purchased from Wuhan Maiwei Metabolism Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; unless otherwise specified, the Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract in the examples of the present invention is the Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract purchased from Shanghai Yiyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0067] Example 1:

[0068] In this example, a method for domesticating Siniperca chuatsi fry is provided, which is carried out in a canvas barrel in a greenhouse, as Figure 1 shown. The fry are set at 500 tails / m 3 , as Figure 2 shown fry. There are 15,000 Siniperca chuatsi fry in one canvas barrel. The method includes the following steps:

[0069] On June 7: In the morning, let the fry adapt to the new environment, and in the afternoon, start feeding live bait. The live bait is crucian carp fry with a body length of 2 - 3 cm / tail, normal swimming, healthy and disease-free, and the feeding amount is 20% of the fry weight.

[0070] June 8th: Day 1. Continue to feed live baitfish. Before feeding, turn on the water pump for flushing. Throw the live baitfish into the water area flushed by the pump and let the live baitfish swim away on their own. It can be seen that Siniperca chuatsi catches them on its own. Flushing can form a water flow stimulus to effectively attract the fish group to actively grab the baitfish in this area. After feeding, turn off the water pump. The feeding amount of live baitfish is 20% of the fry body weight.

[0071] June 9th: Day 2. Feed live baitfish in the morning. The feeding amount of live baitfish is 9% of the fry body weight. Feed mixed bait in the afternoon. The feeding amount of mixed bait is 11% of the fry body weight. First, feed 30% of the total amount of live baitfish in the mixed bait, and then gradually take out 70% of the live baitfish and place them dry to create an oxygen-deficient state for the fish, obtaining baitfish with poor swimming ability and feeding them.

[0072] June 10th: Day 3. Feed all baitfish with poor swimming ability. Throw the baitfish with poor swimming ability into the water area flushed by the pump and let the Siniperca chuatsi fry catch them on their own. The feeding amount of baitfish with poor swimming ability is 20% of the fry body weight.

[0073] June 11th - 12th: Days 4 - 5. Grind the expanded feed into feed powder with a fineness that can pass through an 80-mesh sieve. Scoop up an appropriate amount of live baitfish and quickly put them into the feed powder, stir by hand. The weight ratio of feed powder to live baitfish is 8:100. Then use a sieve to sift out the excess powder, only retaining the powder on the fish body surface to obtain coated live baitfish. Feed the Siniperca chuatsi fry with coated live baitfish, and the amount is 12% of the fish body weight, feeding 2 meals a day.

[0074] June 13th: Day 6. Grind the expanded feed into feed powder with a fineness that can pass through an 80-mesh sieve. Scoop up an appropriate amount of dead baitfish and quickly put them into the feed powder, stir by hand, and then use a sieve to sift out the excess powder, only retaining the powder on the fish body surface to obtain coated dead baitfish. The weight ratio of feed powder to dead baitfish is 8:100. Feed the coated dead baitfish, and the amount is 12% of the fish body weight, feeding 2 meals a day. After each feeding, scoop up the Siniperca chuatsi and check the fullness of the abdomen. If the fullness is not enough, the feeding amount of baitfish needs to be appropriately increased.

[0075] June 14th: Day 7. Start feeding expanded feed (with a diameter of 2 mm and a length of 10 mm). It can be seen that the Siniperca chuatsi fish group obviously grabs the feed and finishes feeding within 45 minutes. After feeding, the abdomen bulges significantly and does not actively forage within 1 hour after feeding. Feed 2 meals a day, and the feeding amount of expanded feed is 6% of the fish body weight. Feed in the morning just after dawn and in the afternoon start feeding 2 hours before dark until dark; each meal lasts about 2 hours; during this period, after the competition for expanded feed decreases, supplement an appropriate amount of coated dead fish so that the unclustered and marginal Siniperca chuatsi can eat the baitfish to improve the domestication rate.

[0076] June 15th - 19th: On the 8th - 12th day, the daily feeding amount of the expanded feed is 6% of the fish body weight. Feed continuously for more than 2 hours per meal. After each feeding, catch the mandarin fish with a turned-up mouth and check the fullness of the abdomen. If the fullness is insufficient, appropriately increase the feeding amount.

[0077] June 20th: Conduct a yield measurement and outpond stocking for the mandarin fish that have been domesticated to the feed. Count the number of fry, and randomly sample 30 tails to count the daily weight gain.

[0078] Count the survival rate and daily weight gain.

[0079] Survival rate = (the number of fry at the end of the experiment - the number of fry at the start of the experiment) / the number of fry at the start of the experiment * 100%.

[0081] Daily weight gain = (the total weight of fry at the end of the experiment - the total weight of fry at the start of the experiment) / the actual number of feeding days.

[0082] In this Example 1, the mandarin fish fry can completely ingest the expanded feed, and the time when bait fish are no longer needed for breeding is 7 days.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] In this Example 2, a method for domesticating mandarin fish fry is provided, which is carried out in a canvas barrel in a facility greenhouse. The fry are set at 600 tails / m 3 , specifically 18,000 tails in one canvas barrel. The method includes the following steps:

[0085] June 7th: In the morning, let the fry adapt to the new environment. In the afternoon, start feeding live bait fish, which are crucian carp fry, and the feeding amount is 20% of the fry body weight.

[0086] June 8th: On the 1st day, continue to feed live bait fish. Before feeding, turn on the water pump for flushing, and throw the live bait fish into the water area flushed by the water pump to let them swim away on their own. It can be seen that the mandarin fish fry will catch them by themselves; flushing can form a water flow stimulus to effectively attract the fry to actively grab the bait fish in this area. After feeding, turn off the water pump. The feeding amount of the live bait fish is 20% of the fry body weight.

[0087] June 9th: On the 2nd day, feed live bait fish in the morning, and the feeding amount of the live bait fish is 9% of the fry body weight; feed mixed bait in the afternoon, and the feeding amount of the mixed bait is 11% of the fry body weight. First, feed 30% of the total amount of the mixed bait as fresh live bait fish, and then gradually take out 70% of the total amount of the bait fish and place them dry to make the fish in an oxygen-deficient state, obtaining bait fish with poor activity ability and feeding them.

[0088] June 10th: On the 3rd day, feed all the bait fish with poor activity ability. Throw the bait fish with poor activity ability into the water area flushed by the water pump to let the mandarin fish catch them by themselves. The feeding amount of the bait fish with poor activity ability is 20% of the fry body weight.

[0089] June 11th - 12th: On the 4th - 5th day, the expanded feed was ground into feed powder. An appropriate amount of live bait fish was fished out and quickly put into the feed powder, then manually stirred. The excess powder was sifted out with a sieve, and only the powder on the surface of the bait fish was retained to obtain live bait fish with powder coating. The weight ratio of the feed powder to the live bait fish was 8:100. The juvenile Siniperca chuatsi were fed with the live bait fish with powder coating, and the amount was 10 - 15% of the body weight of the fry, and they were fed 2 meals a day.

[0090] June 13th, on the 6th day, the expanded feed was ground into feed powder. An appropriate amount of dead bait fish was fished out and quickly put into the feed powder, then manually stirred. The excess powder was sifted out with a sieve, and only the powder on the surface of the bait fish was retained to obtain dead bait fish with powder coating. The weight ratio of the feed powder to the dead bait fish was 8:100. The dead bait fish with powder coating was fed, and the amount was 12% of the body weight of the fry, and they were fed 2 meals a day. After each feeding, the Siniperca chuatsi were fished out to check the fullness of the abdomen. If the fullness was not enough, the feeding amount of the bait fish needed to be appropriately increased.

[0091] June 14th: On the 7th day, the expanded feed (with a diameter of 2 mm and a length of 10 mm) began to be fed. It could be seen that the Siniperca chuatsi group obviously rushed to eat the feed. They were fed 2 meals a day, and the feeding amount of the expanded feed was 6% of the body weight of the fish. It was fed in the early morning just after dawn and in the afternoon starting 2 hours before dark until dark; each meal lasted about 2 hours; during this period, after the rush to eat the expanded feed decreased, an appropriate amount of dead fish with powder coating was supplemented to enable the non - clustered and marginal Siniperca chuatsi to eat the bait fish, so as to improve the domestication rate.

[0092] June 15th - 19th: On the 8th - 12th day, the daily feeding amount of the expanded feed was 6% of the body weight of the fish. Each meal was continuously fed for more than 2 hours. After each feeding, the Siniperca chuatsi were fished out to check the fullness of the abdomen. If the fullness was not enough, the feeding amount needed to be appropriately increased.

[0093] June 20th: The Siniperca chuatsi that were domesticated to the feed were measured for production and stocked in the outer pond.

[0094] In this Example 2, the time for the juvenile Siniperca chuatsi to completely ingest the expanded feed was 7 days.

[0095] Example 3

[0096] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that based on the volume of the domestication barrel, the stocking density of the fry is 400 tails / m 3 , and the others are the same as in Example 1.

[0097] In this Example 3, the survival rate was 66.9%, and the daily weight gain was 0.23 g / day.

[0098] Example 4

[0099] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that based on the volume of the domestication barrel, the stocking density of the fry is 700 tails / m3 , and the others are the same as in Example 1.

[0100] In this Example 4, the survival rate was 61.1%, and the daily weight gain was 0.21 g / day.

[0101] Example 5

[0102] In this Example 5, a method for domesticating mandarin fish fry is provided, which is carried out in a canvas barrel in a greenhouse. The fry are set at 500 tails / m 3 , specifically 18,000 tails in one canvas barrel. It includes the following steps:

[0103] On June 7: In the morning, let the fry adapt to the new environment, and in the afternoon, start feeding live bait. The live bait is mud carp fry, and the feeding amount is 20% of the fry weight.

[0104] On June 8: On the first day, continue to feed live bait. Before feeding, turn on the water pump for flushing, and throw the live bait into the water pump flushing area, let the live bait swim away by itself, and it can be seen that the mandarin fish fry catch it by themselves; flushing can form a water flow stimulus, effectively attracting the fry to actively grab the bait fish in this area. After feeding, turn off the water pump. The feeding amount of live bait is 22% of the fry weight.

[0105] On June 9: On the second day, feed live bait in the morning, and the feeding amount of live bait is 15% of the fry weight; feed mixed bait in the afternoon, and the feeding amount of mixed bait is 10% of the fry weight. First, feed the fresh bait fish accounting for 30% of the total amount of mixed bait, and then gradually take out the bait fish accounting for 70% of the total amount of mixed bait and put them dry, so that the fish are in an oxygen-deficient state, and get bait fish with poor activity ability and feed them.

[0106] On June 10: On the third day, all feed bait fish with poor activity ability. Throw the bait fish with poor activity ability into the water pump flushing area and let the mandarin fish catch them by themselves. The feeding amount of bait fish with poor activity ability is 25% of the fry weight.

[0107] From June 11th to 12th: On the fourth to fifth days, grind the expanded feed into feed powder, fish out an appropriate amount of live bait, quickly put it into the feed powder, stir it manually, and sieve out the excess powder with a sieve, only retaining the powder on the surface of the bait fish to obtain live bait with wrapped powder. The weight ratio of feed powder to live bait is 8:100. Feed the mandarin fish fry with live bait with wrapped powder, and the amount is 15% of the fry weight, and feed 2 meals a day.

[0108] On June 13th, on the 6th day, the expanded feed was ground into feed powder. An appropriate amount of dead fish bait was fished out and quickly put into the feed powder. It was manually stirred, and the excess powder was sieved out with a sieve, leaving only the powder on the surface of the fish bait to obtain the dead fish bait with powder coating. The weight ratio of the feed powder to the dead fish bait was 8:100. The dead fish bait with powder coating was fed, and the amount was 10% of the fry weight, with 2 meals fed daily. After each feeding, the mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi was fished out to check the fullness of the abdomen. If the fullness was insufficient, the feeding amount of the bait fish needed to be appropriately increased.

[0109] On June 14th: On the 7th day, the expanded feed (with a diameter of 2 mm and a length of 10 mm) began to be fed. It could be seen that the mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi school obviously rushed to eat the feed. 2 meals were fed daily, and the feeding amount of the expanded feed was 8% of the fish weight. It was fed in the early morning just after dawn and in the afternoon starting 2 hours before dark until dark; each meal lasted about 2 hours; during this period, after the rush to eat the expanded feed decreased, an appropriate amount of dead fish bait with powder coating was supplemented to enable the mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi that did not form a group and those at the edges to eat the bait fish, so as to improve the domestication rate.

[0110] From June 15th to 19th: From the 8th to the 12th day, the daily feeding amount of the expanded feed was 8% of the fish weight. Each meal was continuously fed for more than 2 hours. After each feeding, the mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi was fished out to check the fullness of the abdomen. If the fullness was insufficient, the feeding amount needed to be appropriately increased.

[0111] On June 20th: The mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi that was domesticated to the feed was measured for production and stocked in the outer pond.

[0112] In Example 5 of this embodiment, the survival rate was 65.9%, and the daily weight gain was 0.22 g / day.

[0113] Comparative Example 1

[0114] The difference between this Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is as follows: It was carried out in a pond, specifically as follows:

[0115] The steps from June 7th to June 13th were the same as those in the same time period of Example 1.

[0116] The difference is that on June 14th, all the expanded feed was fed. As a result, it was found that the fry ate the expanded feed slowly and were reluctant to leave the feeding area. Therefore, live fish bait accounting for 10% of the initial weight of the fry was continuously fed; at this time, if the live fish bait was not supplemented, phenomena such as the mandarin fish fry being empty-stomached and cannibalizing each other would occur, reducing the domestication survival rate.

[0117] From June 14th to 19th: First, soft pellet feed was fed, and then expanded feed was fed. The daily feeding rate of the feed was 2 - 6%. It was judged whether to supplement the powder coating of dead crucian carp according to the feeding situation and fullness of the mandarin fish. The raw materials of the soft pellet feed were the same as the components and proportions of the expanded feed, but they were stirred and mixed with water and pelletized by a soft pellet feed machine.

[0118] June 20: Can be fully fed with expanded feed, and the daily feeding rate is 4 - 6%.

[0119] Comparative Example 2

[0120] The difference between this Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that on the 3rd day, the bait with poor motility is not fed, but the breaded live bait is directly fed; the rest are the same as in Example 1.

[0121] Comparative Example 3

[0122] The difference between this Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that the breaded dead bait is fed only on the 5th day, and the rest are the same as in Example 1.

[0123] Comparative Example 4

[0124] The difference between this Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 is that the breaded live bait is still fed on the 6th day, and the rest are the same as in Example 1.

[0125] Table 1

[0126]

[0127]

[0128] As can be seen from Table 1, the survival rate of the mandarin fish fry by the domestication method of this application is above 62%, and the domestication days are 7 days; while in Comparative Example 1 domesticated in the pond, it takes 14 days for the fry to fully ingest the compound feed, and the mortality rate is very high, about 23.3%; compared with Comparative Example 2 that feeds the breaded live bait on the 3rd - 5th days, this application feeds the bait with poor motility on the afternoon of the 2nd day and the 3rd day, which is beneficial to inducing the fry to concentrate in the feeding area and adapting to feeding non - live fish bait in advance; compared with Comparative Example 3 that feeds the breaded dead bait on the 5th day, this application feeds the breaded dead bait on the 4th - 5th days, and feeding the breaded dead bait for 2 days is beneficial to consolidating the adaptability of the fry to the dead fish bait; compared with Comparative Example 4 that still feeds the breaded live bait on the 6th day, this application feeds the breaded dead bait on the 6th day, which is beneficial to the fry to adapt to feeding the compound feed in advance. The daily weight gain of the domesticated fry in Example 1 of this application increased by 9.52%, 15%, 15% and 9.5% respectively compared with those in Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4; the daily weight gain of the domesticated fry in Example 2 of this application increased by 100%, 82.61%, 61.54% and 44.83% respectively compared with those in Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4.

[0129] The applicant has conducted research on the expanded feed for the domestication of Siniperca chuatsi: The methods are the same as those in Example 1, except that the raw materials of the expanded feed are different. Specifically, based on 50 parts of Peruvian fish meal, 15 parts of domestic fish meal, 4 parts of krill meal, 3 parts of blood globulin meal, 2 parts of wheat gluten meal, 10 parts of tapioca flour, 4 parts of soybean oil, 3 parts of phospholipid oil, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1.5 parts of compound vitamin premix, and 1.5 parts of compound mineral premix, the effects of adding or not adding enzymatically hydrolyzed shrimp paste, Clostridium butyricum, bile acid, and Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract on the domestication of Siniperca chuatsi fry were studied, as shown in Table 2 specifically.

[0130] Table 2

[0131]

[0132] As can be seen from Table 2, when enzymatically hydrolyzed shrimp paste, Clostridium butyricum, bile acid, and Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract are not added to the expanded feed, the survival rate and average individual weight after domestication of the fry are significantly lower than those in Example 1; Example 1 is significantly increased by 12.25%, 12.50%, 10.56%, and 6.08% respectively compared with Control 1 - Control 4.

[0133] In summary, the method of the present invention enables the Siniperca chuatsi fry to completely ingest the expanded feed in 7 days, which shortens the time by half compared with pond domestication, and the domestication survival rate is over 60%; moreover, it can be domesticated at the early stage of Siniperca chuatsi, reducing the dependence on live bait, significantly reducing the bait cost, and at the same time avoiding water pollution and disease occurrence caused by feeding live fish bait, thus improving the economic benefits of aquaculture. In addition, through the screening of the raw materials of the expanded feed, a feed suitable for domesticating Siniperca chuatsi fry is obtained.

Claims

1. A method for domesticating mandarin fish fry, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: 1) On the 1st day, put mandarin fish fry into the domestication barrel and feed them with live bait; 2) On the 2nd day, feed live bait in the morning and mixed bait in the afternoon, and the mixed bait is obtained by mixing live bait and bait with poor motility; 3) On the 3rd day, feed bait with poor motility; 4) On the 4th - 5th days, feed coated live bait, and the coated live bait is obtained by mixing live bait and the powder of expanded feed; 5) On the 6th day, feed coated dead bait, and the coated dead bait is obtained by mixing dead bait and the powder of expanded feed; 6) On the 7th day, feed expanded feed.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein Wherein the bait is selected from one or more of crucian carp, mud carp, grass carp and blunt snout bream, and the specification of the bait is 2,500 - 3,000 tails per catty; and / or, the powder of the expanded feed is obtained by crushing the expanded feed and passing through a 70 - 90 mesh sieve; and / or, during domestication, the dissolved oxygen is above 6mg / L.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein In 1), the domestication barrel is a canvas barrel; And / or, in 1), based on the volume of the domestication tank, the stocking amount of fry is (400 - 700) tails / m 3 ; and / or, in 1), the specification of the fry is (2.5 - 3.5) g per tail; and / or, in 1), based on the initial weight of the fry, the feeding amount of the live bait is 15 - 25% of the fry weight.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein In 2), the weight ratio of the live bait to the bait with poor motility is 30:(60 - 80); and / or, in 2), based on the initial weight of the fry, the feeding amount of the mixed bait is 8 - 10% of the fry weight; and / or, in 2), based on the initial weight of the fry, the feeding amount of the live bait is 10 - 15% of the fry weight.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein In 3), based on the initial weight of the fry, the feeding amount of the bait with poor motility is 10% - 15% of the fry weight; and / or, in 3), the bait with poor motility is obtained by placing the live bait in an anhydrous environment to make it in an anoxic state.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein In 4), based on the initial weight of the fry, the feeding amount of the coated live bait is 10 - 15% of the fry weight; and / or, in 4), the weight ratio of the live bait to the powder of the expanded feed is (85 - 95):

10.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein In 5), based on the initial weight of the fry, the feeding amount of the coated dead bait is 8 - 10% of the fry weight; and / or, in 5), the weight ratio of the dead bait to the powder of the expanded feed is (75 - 85):

20.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein In 6), based on the initial weight of the fry, the feeding amount of the expanded feed is 6 - 8% of the fry weight.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein The expanded feed contains the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55 - 75 parts of fish meal, 2 - 6 parts of krill meal, 2 - 4 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed shrimp plasma, 2 - 4 parts of blood globulin powder, 1 - 3 parts of wheat gluten powder, 7 - 13 parts of tapioca starch, 3 - 5 parts of soybean oil, 2 - 4 parts of phospholipid oil, 1 - 3 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 - 2 parts of compound vitamin, 1 - 2 parts of compound mineral, 0.2 - 0.6 parts of Clostridium butyricum, 0.2 - 0.4 parts of bile acid and 0.2 - 0.4 parts of eucommia leaf extract; and / or, the diameter of the expanded feed is 1 - 3mm and the length is 8 - 12mm.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein The preparation method of the expanded feed is: temper each raw material and then extrude and expand it, and dry it to obtain the expanded feed; Preferably, the tempering temperature is 90 to 110 °C; Preferably, the extrusion puffing temperature is 70 to 85 °C, and the extrusion puffing pressure is 3 to 4.5 MPa.

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