System and method for carrying out bottom-sowing shellfish intermediate culture by utilizing upper-layer water of culture pond

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, in particular to the field of bottom-sowing shellfish intermediate culture, which comprises a fish and shrimp culture pond, a bottom-sowing shellfish intermediate culture pond, a bait siphon and a water return system, wherein the fish and shrimp culture pond and the bottom-sowing shellfish intermediate culture and culture pond are adjacently arranged and are communicated through a bait siphon, so that water rich in plankton and organic suspended particulate matters on the upper layer in the fish and shrimp culture pond is siphoned to the bottom-sowing shellfish intermediate culture and culture pond; the bottom-sowing shellfish intermediate culture pond enables water to flow back to the fish and shrimp culture pond through a water return system to complete water circulation. The upper water in the fish and shrimp culture pond is siphoned to the bottom-sowing shellfish intermediate culture and culture pond, sufficient bait can be provided for shellfish, meanwhile, the shellfish has a purification effect on water quality in the culture process, the purified water flows back to the fish and shrimp culture pond, part of water treatment facilities can be replaced, and energy consumption and nutrient substance discharge can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of aquaculture, and particularly to the field of intermediate cultivation of bottom-sown shellfish. Background Art

[0002] In the field of aquaculture, shellfish farming occupies an important position, and its farming process includes key steps such as seedling breeding, intermediate cultivation, and grow-out. Among them, the intermediate cultivation link plays a crucial role in the yield and quality of shellfish farming. Traditional methods of shellfish intermediate cultivation have many drawbacks, seriously restricting the efficient development of the shellfish farming industry.

[0003] Currently, the common methods of shellfish intermediate cultivation are mainly as follows: First, indoor cement ponds are used for cultivation. Although this method can ensure a relatively high survival rate of seedlings and is stable and reliable, it requires a large amount of manpower, the seawater treatment process is complex, and the cost is high. For example, in some small shellfish farms, the investment in seawater purification equipment and daily maintenance costs alone account for a large proportion of the total farming cost, making many farmers discouraged. Second, a planar flow system is used for intermediate cultivation. This method has stable output and is relatively convenient to operate. However, it requires the construction of special planar flow facilities and a water circulation system, and the one-time investment cost is relatively high, which is a large economic burden for farmers with limited funds and restricts its large-scale application. Third, earthen ponds are used for shellfish farming beds for intermediate cultivation. This method is greatly restricted by the bottom sediment state and can only cultivate a small number of seedling species according to specific bottom sediments. Moreover, the harvesting process is difficult, and the small seedlings have thin shells and are easily damaged during the harvesting process, resulting in waste of resources. Fourth, intermediate cultivation in the seedling beach, that is, the intermediate cultivation is carried out by using the superior water quality and bottom sediment environment in the intertidal zone. Although the cost is relatively low, the survival rate fluctuates greatly due to climate influence and is unstable. In addition, with the accelerating process of industrial development in coastal areas, the area of intertidal zone beaches available for shellfish farming is decreasing day by day, resulting in insufficient production capacity and difficulty in meeting the growing market demand.

[0004] Meanwhile, the area of seawater pond aquaculture in China is vast. Since humans can regulate the pond environment to a certain extent, and with operations such as feeding and fertilizing the water, the water body in seawater ponds is usually fertile and rich in plankton resources. Mollusks mainly feed on filtering plankton, and the abundance of plankton directly determines the aquaculture effect and quality of mollusks. However, in the current large-scale aquaculture technology of mollusks, the upper layer of water in the pond has not been fully utilized for aquaculture, intermediate cultivation, and fattening. The reason is that the water flow below the surface layer of seawater ponds is extremely slow. When mollusks feed on plankton, their ability to filter the water body is very strong. If the water flow is slow, the water body around the mollusks will be quickly filtered clear, resulting in insufficient bait supply and unable to continuously meet the growth needs of mollusks. Therefore, existing technologies such as bottom-sowing aquaculture and hanging-cage aquaculture are difficult to achieve good aquaculture effects in pond environments, or due to complex operations, aquaculture practitioners are reluctant to carry out mollusk pond aquaculture.

[0005] In summary, it is urgent to explore new mollusk aquaculture waters and aquaculture methods. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a system and method for intermediate cultivation of bottom-sown mollusks using the upper layer of water rich in plankton in fish and shrimp aquaculture ponds, fully exploiting the aquaculture potential of seawater ponds, solving the problems of existing intermediate cultivation of mollusk aquaculture, meeting the growing market demand for high-quality mollusk products, and promoting the sustainable development of the mollusk aquaculture industry. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a system and method for intermediate cultivation of bottom-sown mollusks using the upper layer of water in aquaculture ponds. By siphoning the water rich in plankton and organic particulate matter in fish and shrimp aquaculture ponds into mollusk aquaculture ponds, mollusk seedlings can have sufficient bait sources and good aquaculture environments during the cultivation process, so as to achieve large-scale aquaculture, improve the survival rate and growth rate of mollusk seedlings. At the same time, the aquaculture of mollusks also has a purification effect on the water quality of fish and shrimp ponds.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A system for intermediate cultivation of bottom-sown mollusks using the upper layer of water in aquaculture ponds includes: a fish and shrimp aquaculture pond, an intermediate cultivation aquaculture pond for bottom-sown mollusks, a bait siphon tube, and a water return system. The fish and shrimp aquaculture pond and the intermediate cultivation aquaculture pond for bottom-sown mollusks are adjacent and connected through the bait siphon tube to siphon the upper layer of water rich in plankton and organic suspended particulate matter in the fish and shrimp aquaculture pond to the intermediate cultivation aquaculture pond for bottom-sown mollusks. The intermediate cultivation aquaculture pond for bottom-sown mollusks returns the water to the fish and shrimp aquaculture pond through the water return system to complete the water cycle.

[0008] Furthermore, submersible aerators are installed on the inner sides of the pond for culturing fish and shrimp and the intermediate cultivation pond for bottom-sown shellfish. Water troughs are installed on the outer sides of the pond for culturing fish and shrimp and the intermediate cultivation pond for bottom-sown shellfish. Drain pipes are installed at the bottoms of the pond for culturing fish and shrimp and the intermediate cultivation pond for bottom-sown shellfish, and the drain pipes lead to the water troughs. The ends of the drain pipes located in the water troughs are connected to a water level control pipe.

[0009] Furthermore, a sunshade net that allows partial light transmission is installed on the intermediate cultivation pond for bottom-sown shellfish to prevent the growth of large algae due to excessive light intensity.

[0010] Furthermore, the water level in the pond for culturing fish and shrimp is higher than that in the intermediate cultivation pond for bottom-sown shellfish, and the two are connected by a bait siphon tube.

[0011] Furthermore, the bait siphon tube is a plastic flexible tube, and a filter bag is installed at the end located in the intermediate cultivation pond for bottom-sown shellfish.

[0012] Furthermore, the filter bag is a 200-mesh silk screen bag to prevent larger particles of organic debris and harmful organisms from entering.

[0013] Furthermore, the water level in the intermediate cultivation pond for bottom-sown shellfish is higher than the height of the water level control pipe in its water trough.

[0014] Furthermore, the water return system includes a submersible pump and a water return pipe. The submersible pump is installed in the water trough on the outer side of the intermediate cultivation pond for bottom-sown shellfish. One end of the water return pipe is connected to the submersible pump, and the other end of the water return pipe leads to the pond for culturing fish and shrimp.

[0015] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for intermediate cultivation of bottom-sown shellfish using the upper-layer water of the cultivation pond, including: S1. Put fish and / or shrimp aquatic organisms into the pond for culturing fish and shrimp for normal cultivation. When the plankton in the water of the pond for culturing fish and shrimp is rich, inject seawater into the intermediate cultivation pond for bottom-sown shellfish, where the water level in the intermediate cultivation pond for bottom-sown shellfish is lower than that in the pond for culturing fish and shrimp. S2. After adjusting the water quality in the intermediate cultivation pond for bottom-sown shellfish, evenly scatter shellfish seedlings. Then, use the bait siphon tube to connect the pond for culturing fish and shrimp and the intermediate cultivation pond for bottom-sown shellfish, so that the water in the pond for culturing fish and shrimp is injected into the intermediate cultivation pond for bottom-sown shellfish through siphon action. S3. The water level in the intermediate cultivation pond for bottom-sown shellfish gradually rises. When the water level exceeds the water level control pipe, the water in the intermediate cultivation pond for bottom-sown shellfish enters the water trough through the drain pipe and the water level control pipe. S4. Start the submersible pump in the water trough to return the water to the pond for culturing fish and shrimp through the water return pipe, thus completing the water circulation.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: A large amount of single-celled algae and organic suspended particles (organic debris, biological flocs) in the water for fish and shrimp farming can provide sufficient bait for shellfish by siphoning the upper-layer water in the fish and shrimp farming pond to the intermediate cultivation pond for bottom-sown shellfish. Moreover, during the operation of the waterwheel aerator, it will drive the rotation of the pond water and spread the bait, which can be better filtered by shellfish. Furthermore, the filter mesh bag can prevent the entry of harmful organisms, and the method of cultivating bottom-sown shellfish seedlings in the pond can prevent natural enemies. Therefore, the growth rate and survival rate of shellfish are more guaranteed. At the same time, shellfish have a purifying effect on water quality during the cultivation process. The purified water is returned to the fish and shrimp farming pond, which can replace some water treatment facilities, reduce energy consumption and nutrient discharge. The present invention constructs an ecological chain of "fish and shrimp metabolites → planktonic microorganisms and biological flocs → shellfish filtration and purification → water recycling", realizing efficient resource utilization and reduction of environmental pollution emissions. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the system; Figure 2 It is a photo of the seedlings of the trumpet snail when they are put into the pond on the 14th day in the embodiment; Figure 3 It is a photo of the seedlings of the trumpet snail when they are put into the pond on the 28th day in the embodiment; Figure 4 It is a photo of the seedlings of the trumpet snail when they are put into the pond on the 45th day in the embodiment; Figure 5 It is a photo of the seedlings of the trumpet snail when they are put into the pond on the 60th day in the embodiment; Figure 1 In it, there are a fish and shrimp farming pond 1, an intermediate cultivation pond 2 for bottom-sown shellfish, a bait siphon 3, a water return system 4, a waterwheel aerator 5, a water tank 6, a drain pipe 7, a water level control pipe 8, a sunshade net 9, a filter mesh bag 31, a submersible pump 41, and a return pipe 42. Detailed Embodiment

[0018] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0019] As Figure 1As shown in the figure, a system for intermediate cultivation of bottom-sown shellfish using the upper-layer water of a culture pond includes: a fish and shrimp culture pond 1, an intermediate cultivation pond 2 for bottom-sown shellfish, a bait siphon 3, and a water return system 4. The fish and shrimp culture pond 1 and the intermediate cultivation pond 2 for bottom-sown shellfish are adjacent and connected through the bait siphon 3, so as to siphon the upper-layer water in the fish and shrimp culture pond 1 to the intermediate cultivation pond 2 for bottom-sown shellfish. The intermediate cultivation pond 2 for bottom-sown shellfish returns the water to the fish and shrimp culture pond 1 through the water return system 4 to complete the water cycle.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment, waterwheel aerators 5 are provided on the inner side edges of the fish and shrimp culture pond 1 and the intermediate cultivation pond 2 for bottom-sown shellfish. Water troughs 6 are provided on the outer side edges of the fish and shrimp culture pond 1 and the intermediate cultivation pond 2 for bottom-sown shellfish. Drain pipes 7 are provided at the bottoms of the fish and shrimp culture pond 1 and the intermediate cultivation pond 2 for bottom-sown shellfish, and the drain pipes 7 lead to the water troughs 6. The ends of the drain pipes 7 located in the water troughs 6 are connected to a water level control pipe 8. A sunshade net 9 with partial light transmission covers the upper part of the intermediate cultivation pond 2 for bottom-sown shellfish to prevent the growth of large algae due to too strong light intensity. The waterwheel aerator 5 can drive the movement of the pond water, and can make the organic particles at the bottom of the fish and shrimp culture pond 1 float to a certain extent through the water flow, which is convenient for siphoning to the intermediate cultivation pond 2 for bottom-sown shellfish. At the same time, it can also make the water in the intermediate cultivation pond 2 for bottom-sown shellfish flow, which is better for the shellfish to filter feed.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment, a filter mesh bag 31 is provided at the end of the intermediate cultivation pond 2 for bottom-sown shellfish, and the filter mesh bag 31 is a 200-mesh silk screen bag to prevent the entry of larger particulate organic debris and harmful organisms.

[0022] The water return system 4 includes a submersible pump 41 and a water return pipe 42. The submersible pump 41 is arranged in the water trough 6 on the outer side of the intermediate cultivation pond 2 for bottom-sown shellfish. One end of the water return pipe 42 is connected to the submersible pump 41, and the other end of the water return pipe 42 leads to the fish and shrimp culture pond 1.

[0023] A method for intermediate cultivation of bottom-sown shellfish using the upper-layer water of a culture pond includes: S1. Put fish and / or shrimp aquatic organisms in the fish and shrimp culture pond 1 for normal cultivation. When the plankton in the water of the fish and shrimp culture pond 1 is rich, inject seawater into the intermediate cultivation pond 2 for bottom-sown shellfish, where the water level of the intermediate cultivation pond 2 for bottom-sown shellfish is lower than that of the fish and shrimp culture pond 1. S2. After the water quality of the intermediate cultivation pond 2 for bottom-sown shellfish is adjusted, evenly spread the shellfish seedlings. Then, connect the fish and shrimp culture pond 1 and the intermediate cultivation pond 2 for bottom-sown shellfish through the bait siphon 3, so that the water in the fish and shrimp culture pond 1 is injected into the intermediate cultivation pond 2 for bottom-sown shellfish through the siphon effect. S3, the water level in the bottom-sowing shellfish intermediate culture and aquaculture pond 2 gradually rises. When the water level exceeds the water level control pipe 8, the water in the bottom-sowing shellfish intermediate culture and aquaculture pond 2 enters the water tank 6 through the drain pipe 7 and the water level control pipe 8; S4, start the submersible pump 41 in the water tank 6 to return the water to the fish and shrimp breeding pond 1 through the return pipe 42 to complete the water circulation.

[0024] Example of the intermediate cultivation process of elephant nose snail seedlings At a breeding base in Fuluo Town, Ledong County, Hainan Province, two 5-mu (approximately 1.5-acre) ponds are equipped with Japanese shrimp. The shrimp have been cultured for four months, and the water is rich in organic suspended particulate matter and plankton, with a water transparency of approximately 30 cm. Adjacent to the Japanese shrimp ponds are two 1-mu ponds. The bottoms of the ponds are covered with a 15-cm thick layer of fine sand with a particle size of 1-2 mm. Two meters of filtered seawater are then pumped into the ponds through a 2-meter-long water level control pipe. After the ponds are filled, beneficial bacteria and algae-growing nutrient solution are sprayed to fertilize the water, and a waterwheel-type aerator is operated. On November 3, 2024, one million elephant snail seedlings, approximately 3 mm in shell length, were evenly distributed into each bottom-seeded shellfish breeding pond. Shade nets were installed above the elephant snail seedling breeding ponds, and 100 hedge snails were placed in each pond to control the growth of macroalgae. A 10cm diameter siphon pipe draws topwater from the Japanese shrimp ponds into the elephant snail seedling nursery ponds. A 10m long, 50cm wide, 200-mesh silk mesh bag is attached to one end of the pipe to prevent the entry of predators. A submersible pump, housed in a tank outside the elephant snail breeding ponds, pumps filtered seawater from the elephant snail seedling nursery ponds back into the Japanese shrimp ponds, achieving water circulation between the Japanese shrimp and elephant snail seedling breeding ponds.

[0025] As a comparative example, a low-tide mudflat with smooth tide and small waves was selected near the breeding base and traditional mudflat bottom sowing was used to culture elephant snail seedlings. The bottom was mainly sandy. The mudflat was sorted before sowing, and elephant snail seedlings of about 3 mm with the same specifications as those in the embodiment, strong physique, no damage, and no disease were selected. The seedlings were sown during the high tide period at a density of 1 million seeds per mu. At this time, the tide fluctuated greatly and the seawater exchange volume was large, which was conducive to the seedlings adapting to the new environment as soon as possible.

[0026] Every half month, a part of the seedlings of Hemifusus tuba were fished from the cultivation pond for data measurement. In the examples, the shell length of the seedlings reached about 5 mm after 14 days, about 10 mm after 28 days, about 15 mm after 45 days, and about 22 mm at 60 days. The seedlings were caught back at 60 days, and the overall survival rate reached 65%. In the comparative examples, the shell length of the seedlings reached about 3 mm after 14 days, about 8 mm after 28 days, about 13 mm after 45 days, and about 18 mm at 60 days. The seedlings were caught back at 60 days, and the overall survival rate was about 10%. Using the cultivation method of this example, the growth rate and survival rate of the seedlings of Hemifusus tuba are much higher than those of the traditional intertidal bottom seeding intermediate cultivation method.

[0027] The above are only the embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall be similarly included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for intermediate cultivation of bottom-sown shellfish using the upper-layer water of a culture pond, comprising: Shrimp and fish culture ponds, intermediate cultivation ponds for bottom-sown shellfish, bait siphon tubes, and a water return system, characterized in that: the shrimp and fish culture ponds and the intermediate cultivation ponds for bottom-sown shellfish are arranged adjacent to each other and connected through the bait siphon tubes, so as to realize siphoning the upper-layer water in the shrimp and fish culture ponds to the intermediate cultivation ponds for bottom-sown shellfish, and the intermediate cultivation ponds for bottom-sown shellfish return the water to the shrimp and fish culture ponds through the water return system to complete the water circulation.

2. The system for intermediate cultivation of bottom-sown shellfish using the upper-layer water of a culture pond according to claim 1, characterized in that: Waterwheel aerators are arranged on the inner side edges of the shrimp and fish culture ponds and the intermediate cultivation ponds for bottom-sown shellfish. Water troughs are arranged on the outer side edges of the shrimp and fish culture ponds and the intermediate cultivation ponds for bottom-sown shellfish. Drain pipes are arranged at the bottoms of the shrimp and fish culture ponds and the intermediate cultivation ponds for bottom-sown shellfish, and the drain pipes lead to the water troughs. The ends of the drain pipes located in the water troughs are connected to a water level control pipe in a communicating manner.

3. A system for intermediate cultivation of bottom-sown shellfish using the upper-layer water of a culture pond according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sunshade net with partial light transmission is arranged on the intermediate cultivation ponds for bottom-sown shellfish to prevent too strong light intensity and the growth of large algae.

4. A system for intermediate cultivation of bottom-sown shellfish using the upper-layer water of a culture pond according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water level in the shrimp and fish culture ponds is higher than the water level in the intermediate cultivation ponds for bottom-sown shellfish, and the two are connected through the bait siphon tubes.

5. A system for intermediate cultivation of bottom-sown shellfish using the upper-layer water of a culture pond according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bait siphon tube is a plastic flexible tube, and a filter mesh bag is arranged at the end located in the intermediate cultivation ponds for bottom-sown shellfish.

6. A system for intermediate cultivation of bottom-sown shellfish using the upper-layer water of a culture pond according to claim 5, characterized in that: The filter mesh bag is a 200-mesh silk screen bag to prevent larger particulate organic debris and harmful organisms from entering.

7. A system for intermediate cultivation of bottom-sown shellfish using the upper-layer water of a culture pond according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water level in the intermediate cultivation ponds for bottom-sown shellfish is higher than the height of the water level control pipe in its water trough.

8. A system for intermediate cultivation of bottom-sown shellfish using the upper-layer water of a culture pond according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water return system includes a submersible pump and a water return pipe. The submersible pump is arranged in the water trough located on the outer side edge of the intermediate cultivation ponds for bottom-sown shellfish. One end of the water return pipe is connected to the submersible pump, and the other end of the water return pipe leads to the shrimp and fish culture ponds.

9. A method for intermediate cultivation of bottom-sown shellfish using the upper-layer water of a culture pond, according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Including: S1, Put fish and / or shrimp aquatic organisms in the shrimp and fish culture ponds for normal cultivation. When the plankton in the water of the shrimp and fish culture ponds is rich, inject filtered seawater into the intermediate cultivation ponds for bottom-sown shellfish, where the water level in the intermediate cultivation ponds for bottom-sown shellfish is lower than that in the shrimp and fish culture ponds; S2, After the water quality in the intermediate cultivation ponds for bottom-sown shellfish is adjusted, evenly scatter shellfish fry. Then, connect the shrimp and fish culture ponds and the intermediate cultivation ponds for bottom-sown shellfish through the bait siphon tube, so that the water in the shrimp and fish culture ponds is injected into the intermediate cultivation ponds for bottom-sown shellfish through the siphon action; S3, The water level in the intermediate cultivation ponds for bottom-sown shellfish gradually rises. When the water level exceeds the water level control pipe, the water in the intermediate cultivation ponds for bottom-sown shellfish enters the water trough through the drain pipe and the water level control pipe; S4, Start the submersible pump in the water trough to make the water return to the shrimp and fish culture ponds through the water return pipe, thereby completing the water circulation.

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