Growth promoter for improving quality of black fungus and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a growth promoter for improving the quality of black fungus, which is prepared by the following steps of: mixing astragalus membranaceus, white mulberry root-bark, rhizoma anemarrhenae and kudzuvine root serving as raw materials, adding water, decocting twice, filtering, collecting supernate, combining the two supernate to obtain decoction, concentrating into extract, adding quick lime, propylene glycol and palm oil, and mixing to obtain the growth promoter. The prepared growth promoter is used for black fungus cultivation, nutrient substances are effectively promoted to be rapidly and effectively absorbed by black fungi by adjusting pH and osmotic pressure, and therefore the yield of the black fungi and the content of polysaccharide in the black fungi are increased, the yield of the black fungi is increased by 11.1% compared with the yield of the black fungi without the growth promoter, and the content of the polysaccharide is increased to 1.54 times of the original content. Therefore, the quality of the cultivated black fungus is improved, and meanwhile infectious microbe infection of the black fungus cultivation fungus bag is reduced.

Description

[0001] This invention is a divisional application of Patent No. 202411207359.6, with the invention title of "A Cultivation Method for Increasing the Polysaccharide Content of Auricularia auricula". Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, and specifically relates to a growth promoter for improving the quality of Auricularia auricula and its preparation method. Background Art

[0003] Auricularia auricula ( Auricularia Auricular ), is a precious medicinal and edible gelatinous fungus in China and is also a recognized health food in the world. Auricularia auricula is crispy and delicious, extremely nutritious, and has the reputation of "the meat among vegetables". Auricularia auricula contains substances such as plant collagen and auricularia auricula polysaccharide. The content of protein, vitamins, and iron in dried Auricularia auricula is very high. Its protein contains various amino acids, especially lysine and leucine are the most abundant. Auricularia auricula polysaccharide ( Polysaccharides of Auricularia Auricular ) is an acidic mucopolysaccharide extracted from Auricularia auricula. Its structure is more complex than that of proteins and nucleic acids, and it is mainly composed of monosaccharides such as fucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, and glucose. Auricularia auricula polysaccharide has been proven to have various effects on the human body, such as lowering blood sugar, lowering blood lipid, anti-thrombosis formation, anti-aging, anti-tumor, and improving immunity. In addition, Auricularia auricula polysaccharide also has other biological functions such as antibacterial, antigenicity, anti-radiation, anti-fatigue, scavenging reactive oxygen species, and protecting mitochondria. Therefore, increasing the polysaccharide content in Auricularia auricula significantly improves the nutritional and medicinal values of Auricularia auricula. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The first object of this invention is to provide a growth promoter for improving the quality of Auricularia auricula.

[0005] The second object of this invention is to provide a preparation method of the above growth promoter.

[0006] The third object of this invention is to provide a cultivation method for increasing the polysaccharide content of Auricularia auricula. By using the above growth promoter and combining with light treatment in a low-temperature environment, while effectively increasing the yield of Auricularia auricula, the polysaccharide content in Auricularia auricula is doubled, thereby improving the quality of the cultivated Auricularia auricula.

[0007] The objects of this invention are achieved through the following technical solutions: A growth promoter, characterized in that: taking astragalus root, mulberry bark, anemarrhena rhizome, and kudzu root as raw materials, mixing and adding water for two decoctions, filtering and collecting the supernatant, combining the two supernatants to obtain a decoction solution, concentrating it into an extract, and then adding quicklime, propylene glycol, and palm oil to mix to obtain the growth promoter.

[0008] Further, take 25 - 30 parts by weight of Astragalus membranaceus, 15 - 20 parts of Mori Cortex, 10 - 13 parts of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, and 20 - 25 parts of Pueraria lobata.

[0009] Further, the mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol, and palm oil is 100:1 - 2:8 - 10:15 - 18, and the extract has a relative density of 1.28 - 1.31 at 60°C.

[0010] The preparation method of the above growth promoter is characterized in that: take 25 - 30 parts by weight of Astragalus membranaceus, 15 - 20 parts of Mori Cortex, 10 - 13 parts of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, and 20 - 25 parts of Pueraria lobata as raw materials, mix them and then decoct and concentrate them in sequence to form an extract, then add quicklime, stir and mix, and continue to add propylene glycol and palm oil after cooling to room temperature to obtain the growth promoter.

[0011] Further, the mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol, and palm oil is 100:1 - 2:8 - 10:15 - 18, and the extract has a relative density of 1.28 - 1.31 at 60°C.

[0012] The preparation method of the above growth promoter is characterized by including the following steps: (1) Take 25 - 30 parts by weight of Astragalus membranaceus, 15 - 20 parts of Mori Cortex, 10 - 13 parts of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, and 20 - 25 parts of Pueraria lobata as raw materials, mix them and add them to water for decoction for 1 - 2 h, then filter to collect the supernatant, add water to the filter residue for secondary decoction for 1 - 2 h, filter after the decoction is completed to collect the supernatant, and combine the two supernatants to obtain the decoction liquid. The mass ratio of the total amount of the raw materials to the water used each time is 1:1 - 15; (2) Concentrate the decoction liquid to an extract with a relative density of 1.28 - 1.31 at 60°C, add quicklime to the extract and stir and mix evenly, add propylene glycol and palm oil after cooling to room temperature, and continue to stir and mix evenly to obtain the growth promoter. The mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol, and palm oil is 100:1 - 2:8 - 10:15 - 18.

[0013] In the present invention, Mori Cortex, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Pueraria lobata, and Astragalus membranaceus are used as raw materials to provide nutrients for polysaccharide deposition in Auricularia auricula. Adding quicklime to the extract releases heat to form calcium hydroxide, which plays a role in adjusting the pH and sterilization. At the same time, the addition of palm oil and propylene glycol, on the one hand, plays a moisturizing role for the growth promoter, and on the other hand, the two act synergistically to adjust the osmotic pressure of the growth promoter, effectively promoting the effective and smooth absorption of nutrients such as the synthesis and deposition of polysaccharides in the growth promoter by Auricularia auricula quickly.

[0014] A cultivation method for increasing the polysaccharide content of Auricularia auricula, characterized in that: the cultivation material is bagged and sterilized, inoculated with Auricularia auricula strains, and subjected to spawn-running cultivation. After the mycelium fills the cultivation bag, holes are pricked in the bag. After ear buds appear, a growth promoter is applied at the roots of the ear buds. After cultivating until the ear lobes are formed, the cultivation temperature is controlled at 16-18 °C, and the illumination treatment is carried out alternately with red light and yellow light every day. When the ear lobes are fully expanded and mature, they can be harvested. The growth promoter is an extract concentrated from a decoction obtained by boiling Astragalus membranaceus, Cortex Mori, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, and Pueraria lobata as raw materials, then adding quicklime and stirring evenly, and then adding propylene glycol and palm oil and continuing to stir and mix to form the growth promoter.

[0015] Further, the raw materials are 25-30 parts by weight of Astragalus membranaceus, 15-20 parts by weight of Cortex Mori, 10-13 parts by weight of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, and 20-25 parts by weight of Pueraria lobata.

[0016] Further, the decoction is obtained by adding water to the raw materials and decocting for 1-2 h. After the decoction is completed, the supernatant is filtered and collected. Water is added again to the filter residue for the second decoction. After the decoction is completed, the supernatant is filtered and collected. The two supernatants are combined to obtain the decoction. The mass ratio of the total mass of the medicinal materials to the mass of water added each time is 1:12-15.

[0017] Further, the decoction is concentrated to an extract with a relative density of 1.28-1.31 at 60 °C. The mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol, and palm oil is 100:1-2:8-10:15-18.

[0018] Further, the cultivation temperature is 20-25 °C, the relative humidity is 85-90%. After cultivating for 10-15 days until the ear lobes are formed, the cultivation temperature is reduced to 16-18 °C, and the relative humidity remains unchanged. The illumination is carried out alternately with red light and yellow light for 2-3 h every day, and the alternation is carried out every 20-30 min.

[0019] During the cultivation process, we originally intended to use colored light to study the effect of light on the yield of Auricularia auricula. However, it was found in the study that under the condition of applying the growth promoter, after the ear lobes are formed, the cultivation temperature is appropriately reduced, and under the lower temperature, the illumination treatment is carried out alternately with red light and yellow light, which can not only significantly increase the yield of Auricularia auricula, but also significantly double the polysaccharide content in Auricularia auricula.

[0020] Further, the cultivation material is prepared by adding water to a dry material composed of 70-80 parts by weight of corn straw, 30-35 parts by weight of basswood sawdust, 1-2 parts by weight of quicklime, 2-3 parts by weight of gypsum powder, 15-18 parts by weight of wheat bran, and 12-15 parts by weight of corn flour. It is bagged according to a weight of 2-2.5 kg per bag, and the inoculation amount of Auricularia auricula is 0.8-1.2%.

[0021] Specifically, a cultivation method for increasing the polysaccharide content of Auricularia auricula, characterized by comprising the following steps: Step 1, prepare a growth promoter: (1) Take 25-30 parts of Astragalus membranaceus, 15-20 parts of Morus alba root bark, 10-13 parts of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, and 20-25 parts of Pueraria lobata by weight, mix them as raw materials, add water and decoct for 1-2 hours, then filter to collect the supernatant. Add water to the filter residue for secondary decoction for 1-2 hours, filter after the decoction is completed to collect the supernatant, and combine the two supernatants to obtain a decoction. The mass ratio of the total amount of the raw materials to the water used each time is 1:11-15; (2) Concentrate the decoction to an extract with a relative density of 1.28-1.31 at 60 °C. Add quicklime to the extract and stir to mix evenly. After cooling to room temperature, add propylene glycol and palm oil, and continue to stir to mix evenly to obtain a growth promoter. The mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol, and palm oil is 100:1-2:8-10:15-18; Step 2, prepare the cultivation material: Take 70-80 parts of corn straw, 30-35 parts of linden wood chips, 1-2 parts of quicklime, 2-3 parts of gypsum powder, 15-18 parts of wheat bran, and 12-15 parts of corn flour by weight, place them in a universal crusher, crush them, pass through a 20-mesh sieve, and stir to mix to obtain a matrix powder; add purified water to the matrix powder and mix evenly to obtain a cultivation wet material. Pack the cultivation wet material into edible mushroom bags according to the specification of 2.0-2.5 kg per bag, and sterilize at 121 °C for 20-30 minutes; Step 3, inoculate and cultivate: (1) Inoculate Auricularia auricula strains into the cultivated mushroom bags after mold treatment. The inoculation amount is 0.8-1.2% based on the mass ratio of Auricularia auricula to the matrix; conduct spawn-running culture at a temperature of 22-25 °C and a relative humidity of 80-90%. After the mycelium fills the mushroom bags, irradiate with light for 20-25 minutes every day and continue to cultivate for 3-5 days; (2) Uniformly punch holes in the mushroom bags with iron nails with a diameter of 5-7 mm. The total number of holes in the whole cultivated mushroom bag is 15-18, and the hole depth is 1-2 cm; after ear emergence, apply the growth promoter at the root of the ear buds, and the application amount for each ear bud is 1-5 g. Continue to cultivate at a temperature of 20-25 °C and a relative humidity of 85-90% until the ear pieces are formed, then reduce the temperature to 16-18 °C and the relative humidity to 85-90%. Irradiate with red light and yellow light with a light intensity of 600-800 Lx alternately for 2-3 hours every day, and alternate every 20-30 minutes until the ear pieces are fully expanded and mature, then they can be harvested.

[0022] The present invention has the following technical effects: In the cultivation process of the present invention, by applying a growth promoter and subjecting the ear-shaped parts of Auricularia auricula to alternating illumination with red light and yellow light at low temperature after their formation during the cultivation process, the yield of Auricularia auricula is increased, and at the same time, the polysaccharide content in Auricularia auricula is effectively increased. The polysaccharide content is more than 3 times that of the conventionally cultivated Auricularia auricula under normal temperature conditions, and the yield is also increased by 36.1%.

[0023] The growth promoter prepared in the present invention is used in the cultivation of Auricularia auricula. By adjusting the pH and osmotic pressure, it effectively promotes the rapid and effective absorption of nutrients by Auricularia auricula, thereby increasing the yield of Auricularia auricula and the polysaccharide content in Auricularia auricula. The yield of Auricularia auricula using the growth promoter is increased by 11.1% compared with that without using the growth promoter, and the polysaccharide content is increased to 1.54 times the original. At the same time, it also reduces the contamination of miscellaneous bacteria in the cultivation bags of Auricularia auricula. Specific Embodiments

[0024] The present invention will be specifically described below through examples. It is necessary to point out here that the following examples are only used to further illustrate the present invention and cannot be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present invention based on the above content of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1 A cultivation method for increasing the polysaccharide content of Auricularia auricula, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Prepare a growth promoter: (1) Take 28 parts by weight of Astragalus membranaceus, 18 parts by weight of Morus alba root bark, 12 parts by weight of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, and 22 parts by weight of Pueraria lobata as raw materials, mix them and add water for decoction for 1.5 h, then filter to collect the supernatant. Then add water to the filter residue for secondary decoction for 1.5 h, and after the decoction is completed, filter to collect the supernatant. Combine the two supernatants to obtain a decoction. The mass ratio of the total amount of the raw materials to the water used each time is 1:12; (2) Concentrate the decoction to an extract with a relative density of 1.28 - 1.31 at 60 °C. Add quicklime to the extract and stir to mix evenly. After cooling to room temperature, add propylene glycol and palm oil, and continue to stir to mix evenly to obtain a growth promoter. The mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol, and palm oil is 100:1.5:9:16; Step 2: Prepare a cultivation material: Take 75 parts by weight of corn straw, 32 parts by weight of basswood sawdust, 1.5 parts by weight of quicklime, 2.5 parts by weight of gypsum powder, 16 parts by weight of wheat bran, and 14 parts by weight of corn flour, place them in a universal crusher, crush them, pass through a 20-mesh sieve, and stir to mix to obtain a matrix powder; add purified water to the matrix powder and mix evenly to obtain a cultivation wet material. Pack the cultivation wet material into edible fungus bags according to the specification of 2.5 kg per bag, and sterilize at 121 °C for 25 min; Step 3: Inoculate and cultivate: (1)Inoculate the Auricularia auricula spawn into the cultivated mushroom bags after the mold. The inoculation amount is 1.0% based on the mass ratio of Auricularia auricula to the substrate. Carry out spawn-running cultivation at a temperature of 22 - 25°C and a relative humidity of 80 - 90%. After the mycelium fills the mushroom bags, expose to light for 25 minutes every day and continue to cultivate for 4 days. (2)Use iron nails with a diameter of 5 - 7 mm to uniformly puncture the mushroom bags. The number of holes in the whole cultivated mushroom bag is 15 - 18, and the hole depth is 1 - 2 cm. After ear emergence, apply a growth promoter at the root of the ear buds. The average application amount for each ear bud is 2 g. After the ear pieces are formed at a temperature of 20 - 25°C and a relative humidity of 85 - 90%, lower the temperature to 16 - 18°C and a relative humidity of 85 - 90%. Irradiate with red light with an illumination intensity of 600 Lx for 2 hours every day until the ear pieces are fully expanded and eight - mature, then they can be harvested.

[0026] Control experiment: Based on Example 1, at room temperature, after the ear pieces are formed, use continuous irradiation with the same red light, green light, blue light, yellow light, and white light respectively to replace the alternating irradiation of red light and yellow light for the same time. After the ear pieces are formed, further lower the cultivation temperature to 16 - 18°C, and use continuous irradiation with the same red light, green light, blue light, yellow light, and white light to replace the alternating irradiation of red light and yellow light for the same time. Statistically analyze the yield and polysaccharide content of the cultivated Auricularia auricula. The results are shown in Table 1. The polysaccharide content involved in the present invention is the data measured after extraction from Auricularia auricula.

[0027] Table 1:

[0028] The dry ear yield of Auricularia auricula cultivated by applying the growth promoter alone at room temperature is 79 g / bag, the polysaccharide content is 6.81%, and the contamination rate of the mushroom bags by miscellaneous bacteria is 8.6%. The dry ear yield of Auricularia auricula obtained by lowering the cultivation temperature after the ear pieces are formed is 76 g / bag, and the polysaccharide content also decreases to 6.03%. The change in the contamination rate by miscellaneous bacteria is not obvious, which is 8.4%.

[0029] After treatment with each colored light irradiation at room temperature respectively, the yields of the cultivated Auricularia auricula all increase slightly to varying degrees. The polysaccharide content of Auricularia auricula cultivated at room temperature increases and decreases compared with the situation without light irradiation, but the overall change is not significant. After light irradiation treatment at low temperature, the polysaccharide content of Auricularia auricula cultivated under the above different lights shows an upward trend compared with that without light irradiation at low temperature. However, the polysaccharide content under red light irradiation is only similar to that without light irradiation at room temperature, and the polysaccharide content of Auricularia auricula corresponding to the other lights is lower than that of the group without light irradiation at room temperature.

[0030] Example 2 A cultivation method for increasing the polysaccharide content of Auricularia auricula, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Prepare a growth promoter: (1) Take 28 parts by weight of Astragalus membranaceus, 18 parts of Morus alba root bark, 12 parts of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, and 22 parts of Pueraria lobata as raw materials, mix them and add water for decocting for 1.5 h, then filter to collect the supernatant. Add water to the filter residue for secondary decocting for 1.5 h, filter after the decocting is completed to collect the supernatant, and combine the two supernatants to obtain a decoction. The mass ratio of the total amount of the raw materials to the water used each time is 1:12; (2) Concentrate the decoction to an extract with a relative density of 1.28 - 1.31 at 60 °C. Add quicklime to the extract and stir to mix evenly. After cooling to room temperature, add propylene glycol and palm oil, and continue to stir to mix evenly to obtain a growth promoter. The mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol, and palm oil is 100:1.5:9:16; Step 2: Prepare the cultivation material: Take 75 parts by weight of corn straw, 32 parts of linden sawdust, 1.5 parts of quicklime, 2.5 parts of gypsum powder, 16 parts of wheat bran, and 14 parts of corn flour, place them in a universal crusher, crush, pass through a 20 - mesh sieve, and stir to mix to obtain a matrix powder; add purified water to the matrix powder and mix evenly to obtain a cultivation wet material. Pack the cultivation wet material into edible fungus bags according to the specification of 2.5 kg per bag, and sterilize at 121 °C for 25 min; Step 3: Inoculate and cultivate: (1) Inoculate Auricularia auricula strains into the cultivated fungus bags after sterilization. The inoculation amount is 1.0% based on the mass ratio of Auricularia auricula to the matrix; conduct spawn-running culture at a temperature of 22 - 25 °C and a relative humidity of 80 - 90%. After the mycelium fills the fungus bags, expose to light for 25 min every day and continue to culture for 4 days; (2) Use iron nails with a diameter of 5 - 7 mm to evenly punch holes on the fungus bags. The total number of holes in the whole cultivated fungus bag is 15 - 18, and the hole depth is 1 - 2 cm; after ear buds appear, apply the growth promoter at the root of the ear buds, and the average application amount for each ear bud is 2 g. Continue to culture at a temperature of 20 - 25 °C and a relative humidity of 85 - 90% until the ear slices are formed, then reduce the temperature to 16 - 18 °C and the relative humidity to 85 - 90%. Use red light and yellow light with a light intensity of 600 Lx to alternately irradiate for 2 h every day, and conduct alternation every 20 min until the ear slices are fully expanded and eight - mature, then they can be harvested.

[0031] Comparative Example 1 Compared with Example 2, when preparing the growth promoter, an equal amount of propylene glycol was used to replace palm oil, and the other steps were the same as in Example 2, that is, only propylene glycol was used as the solvent in this scheme.

[0032] Comparative Example 2 Compared with Example 2, in this solution, after the earpiece is formed, the same light exposure is still carried out at room temperature of 22-25°C, and the remaining steps are the same as those in Example 2.

[0033] Comparative Example 3 Compared with Example 2, after the earpiece is mature, in the same low-temperature environment, green light is used to replace yellow light, and sequential alternating light treatment is carried out with red light, and the remaining steps are the same as those in Example 2.

[0034] Example 3 A cultivation method for increasing the polysaccharide content of Auricularia auricula, comprising the following steps: Step 1. Prepare a growth promoter: (1) Take 25 parts of Astragalus membranaceus, 15 parts of Morus alba root bark, 10 parts of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, and 20 parts of Pueraria lobata by weight, mix them and add water for decoction for 2 h, then filter to collect the supernatant, add water to the filter residue for secondary decoction for 1 h, filter after the decoction is completed to collect the supernatant, and combine the two supernatants to obtain a decoction. The mass ratio of the total amount of the raw materials to the water used each time is 1:13; (2) Concentrate the decoction to an extract with a relative density of 1.28-1.31 at 60°C, add quicklime to the extract and stir to mix evenly. After cooling to room temperature, add propylene glycol and palm oil, and continue to stir to mix evenly to obtain a growth promoter. The mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol, and palm oil is 100:1:8:18; Step 2. Prepare the cultivation material: Take 80 parts of corn straw, 35 parts of basswood sawdust, 2 parts of quicklime, 3 parts of gypsum powder, 18 parts of wheat bran, and 15 parts of corn flour by weight, place them in a universal grinder, crush them, pass through a 20-mesh sieve, and stir to mix to obtain a matrix powder; add purified water to the matrix powder and mix evenly to obtain a cultivation wet material. Pack the cultivation wet material into edible mushroom bags according to the specification of 2.0 kg per bag, and sterilize at 121°C for 30 min; Step 3. Inoculate and cultivate: (1) Inoculate Auricularia auricula strains into the cultivated mushroom bags after mold treatment. The inoculation amount is 1.2% based on the mass ratio of Auricularia auricula to the matrix; carry out spawn-running culture at a temperature of 22-25°C and a relative humidity of 80-90%. After the mycelium fills the mushroom bags, expose to light for 20 min every day and continue to culture for 3 days; (2)Uniformly puncture the mushroom bags with iron nails with a diameter of 5 - 7 mm. The number of holes in the whole cultivation mushroom bag is 15 - 18, and the hole depth is 1 - 2 cm. After ear emergence, apply a growth promoter at the root of the ear buds. The average application amount for each ear bud is 2 g. After continuing to cultivate at a temperature of 20 - 25 °C and a relative humidity of 85 - 90% until the ear slices are formed, lower the temperature to 16 - 18 °C and the relative humidity to 85 - 90%. Then, alternately irradiate with red light and yellow light with a light intensity of 800 Lx for 2.5 h every day, and alternate every 30 min until the ear slices are fully expanded and about eight - mature, then they can be harvested.

[0035] Example 4 A cultivation method for increasing the polysaccharide content of Auricularia auricula, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Prepare a growth promoter: (1) Take 30 parts of Astragalus membranaceus, 20 parts of Morus alba root bark, 13 parts of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, and 25 parts of Pueraria lobata by weight, mix them and add water for decoction for 1 h. Then filter to collect the supernatant. Add water to the filter residue for secondary decoction for 2 h. After the decoction is completed, filter to collect the supernatant. Combine the two supernatants to obtain a decoction. The mass ratio of the total amount of the raw materials to the water used each time is 1:15; (2) Concentrate the decoction to an extract with a relative density of 1.28 - 1.31 at 60 °C. Add quicklime to the extract and stir to mix evenly. After cooling to room temperature, add propylene glycol and palm oil, and continue to stir to mix evenly to obtain a growth promoter. The mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol, and palm oil is 100: 2: 10:15; Step 2: Prepare the cultivation material: Take 70 parts of corn straw, 30 parts of basswood sawdust, 1 part of quicklime, 2 parts of gypsum powder, 1 part of wheat bran, and 12 parts of corn flour by weight, place them in a universal grinder, crush them, pass through a 20 - mesh sieve, and stir - mix to obtain a matrix powder. Add purified water to the matrix powder and mix evenly to obtain a cultivation wet material. Pack the cultivation wet material into edible mushroom bags according to the specification of 2.5 kg per bag, and sterilize at 121 °C for 20 min; Step 3: Inoculate and cultivate: (1) Inoculate the Auricularia auricula strain into the cultivated mushroom bags after mold treatment. The inoculation amount is 0.8% based on the mass ratio of Auricularia auricula to the matrix. Conduct spawn - running cultivation at a temperature of 22 - 25 °C and a relative humidity of 80 - 90%. After the mycelium fills the mushroom bags, irradiate with light for 20 min every day and continue to cultivate for 5 days; (2)Uniformly puncture the mushroom bag with iron nails having a diameter of 5 - 7 mm. The total number of holes in the entire cultivated mushroom bag is 15 - 18, and the hole depth is 1 - 2 cm. After ear emergence, apply a growth promoter at the root of the ear buds. The average application amount for each ear bud is 5 g. After culturing at a temperature of 22 - 25°C and a relative humidity of 85 - 90% until the ear slices are formed, lower the temperature to 16 - 18°C and the relative humidity to 85 - 90%. Then, alternately irradiate with red light and yellow light with a light intensity of 700 Lx for 3 h every day, and perform the alternation every 30 min until the ear slices are fully expanded and about eight - mature, then they can be harvested.

[0036] In the cultivation methods of Examples 2 - 4, Comparative Examples 1 - 3, and the blank group, 500 bags were cultivated respectively. By statistically analyzing indicators such as the yield of Auricularia auricula, the contamination rate of the mushroom bags, the growth trend of Auricularia auricula, and the polysaccharide content in each control scheme, except for the contamination rate, the indicators do not consider the contaminated mushroom bags. The harvest amount of the uncontaminated mushroom bags was calculated. The blank control group used the cultivation bags of Example 1 to inoculate an equal amount of Auricularia auricula strains, but no growth promoter was applied during the inoculation and cultivation process, and the cultivation temperature was not lowered after the ear slices were formed. The statistical results are shown in Table 2.

[0037] Table 2:

[0038] It can be seen that under the conventional cultivation method, the dry - ear bag yield of Auricularia auricula is 72 g / bag, and the polysaccharide content is only 4.42%. Compared with the group adding the growth promoter (normal - temperature group) in the above - mentioned control experiment, after adding the growth promoter, the yield increased by 11.1%, and the polysaccharide content is 1.54 times that of the blank control group.

[0039] In Example 2, the dry - ear yield of Auricularia auricula reached 98 g / bag, the polysaccharide content increased to 12.37%, and the contamination rate of the mushroom bags also decreased significantly. In Comparative Example 1, based on Example 2, only propylene glycol was used as the solvent in the growth promoter, and there were significant differences in the moisturizing and osmotic pressure - regulating effects of the growth promoter. Finally, the precipitation effect of the polysaccharide in Auricularia auricula was not ideal. In Comparative Example 2, although the same light as in Example 2 was used, the cultivation temperature was normal during illumination, and finally the light did not play a promoting role in the absorption and synthesis of polysaccharides. In Comparative Example 3, although illumination was carried out at a low - temperature cultivation temperature, red light and green light were alternately irradiated, and finally the polysaccharide content in Auricularia auricula decreased instead.

Claims

1. A growth promoter for improving the quality of Auricularia auricula, characterized in that: It uses astragalus root, mulberry bark, anemarrhena rhizome, and kudzu root as raw materials, mixes them, adds water, and decocts them twice. Then it filters to collect the supernatant, combines the two supernatants to obtain a decoction, concentrates it into an extract, and then adds quicklime, propylene glycol, and palm oil and mixes them to obtain a growth promoter.

2. The growth promoter for improving the quality of Auricularia auricula as described in claim 1, wherein: Take 25 - 30 parts by weight of astragalus root, 15 - 20 parts by weight of mulberry bark, 10 - 13 parts by weight of anemarrhena rhizome, and 20 - 25 parts by weight of kudzu root.

3. A growth promoter for improving the quality of Auricularia auricula, as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol, and palm oil is 100:1 - 2:8 - 10:15 - 18, and the relative density of the extract at 60 °C is 1.28 - 1.

31.

4. A preparation method of a growth promoter for improving the quality of Auricularia auricula, characterized in that: It uses 25 - 30 parts by weight of astragalus root, 15 - 20 parts by weight of mulberry bark, 10 - 13 parts by weight of anemarrhena rhizome, and 20 - 25 parts by weight of kudzu root as raw materials, mixes them, decocts and concentrates them in sequence to form an extract, then adds quicklime, stirs and mixes, and after cooling to room temperature, continues to add propylene glycol and palm oil and mixes them to obtain a growth promoter.

5. The preparation method of a growth promoter for improving the quality of Auricularia auricula as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol, and palm oil is 100:1 - 2:8 - 10:15 - 18, and the relative density of the extract at 60 °C is 1.28 - 1.

31.

6. A preparation method of a growth promoter for improving the quality of Auricularia auricula, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Take 25 - 30 parts by weight of astragalus root, 15 - 20 parts by weight of mulberry bark, 10 - 13 parts by weight of anemarrhena rhizome, and 20 - 25 parts by weight of kudzu root as raw materials, mix them, add water and decoct for 1 - 2 h, then filter to collect the supernatant. Then add water to the residue for secondary decoction for 1 - 2 h, filter after the decoction is completed to collect the supernatant, and combine the two supernatants to obtain a decoction. The mass ratio of the total amount of the raw materials to the water used each time is 1:11 - 15; (2) Concentrate the decoction into an extract with a relative density of 1.28 - 1.31 at 60 °C, add quicklime to the extract and stir and mix evenly. After cooling to room temperature, add propylene glycol and palm oil, and continue to stir and mix evenly to obtain a growth promoter. The mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol, and palm oil is 100:1 - 2:8 - 10:15 - 18.

7. A cultivation method for increasing the polysaccharide content of Auricularia auricula, which includes the following steps: Step 1. Prepare a growth promoter: (1) Take 28 parts by weight of astragalus root, 18 parts by weight of mulberry bark, 12 parts by weight of anemarrhena rhizome, and 22 parts by weight of kudzu root as raw materials, mix them, add water and decoct for 1.5 h, then filter to collect the supernatant. Then add water to the residue for secondary decoction for 1.5 h, filter after the decoction is completed to collect the supernatant, and combine the two supernatants to obtain a decoction. The mass ratio of the total amount of the raw materials to the water used each time is 1:12; (2) Concentrate the decoction into an extract with a relative density of 1.28 - 1.31 at 60 °C, add quicklime to the extract and stir and mix evenly. After cooling to room temperature, add propylene glycol and palm oil, and continue to stir and mix evenly to obtain a growth promoter. The mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol, and palm oil is 100:1.5:9:16; Step 2. Prepare a cultivation material: Take 75 parts by weight of corn straw, 32 parts of basswood sawdust, 1.5 parts of quicklime, 2.5 parts of gypsum powder, 16 parts of wheat bran, and 14 parts of corn flour. Place them in a universal crusher, crush, sieve through a 20-mesh sieve, and stir and mix to obtain substrate powder; add purified water to the substrate powder and mix evenly to obtain cultivation wet material. Pack the cultivation wet material into edible mushroom bags according to the specification of 2.5 kg per bag, and sterilize at 121 °C for 25 min; Step 3. Inoculation and cultivation: (1) Inoculate Auricularia heimuer strains into the cultivated mushroom bags after mold treatment. The inoculation amount is 1.0% based on the mass ratio of Auricularia heimuer to the substrate; conduct spawn-running cultivation at a temperature of 22 - 25 °C and a relative humidity of 80 - 90%. After the mycelium fills the mushroom bags, irradiate with light for 25 min every day and continue to cultivate for 4 days; (2) Uniformly punch holes in the mushroom bags with iron nails with a diameter of 5 - 7 mm. The total number of holes in the whole cultivated mushroom bag is 15 - 18, and the hole depth is 1 - 2 cm; after ear emergence, apply a growth promoter at the root of the ear buds. The average application amount for each ear bud is 2 g. After continuing to cultivate at a temperature of 20 - 25 °C and a relative humidity of 85 - 90% until the ear pieces are formed, lower the temperature to 16 - 18 °C and the relative humidity to 85 - 90%. Irradiate alternately with red light and yellow light with a light intensity of 600 Lx for 2 h every day, and alternate every 20 min until the ear pieces are fully expanded and eight-tenths mature, then they can be harvested.

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