Cow and sheep ruminant forage grain based on total mixed nutrition regulation and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of ruminant nutrition and feed processing, provides a cattle and sheep ruminant forage grain based on total mixed nutrition regulation and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that forage grass prepared by the prior art is single in variety, low in nutrition level, difficult to store and easy to mildew. According to the invention, the advantages of the grass are integrated, the nutrition of various forage grass is integrated, and effective restriction is realized, on one hand, the nutritional ingredients of various forage grass interact to improve the use effect of certain effective ingredients, and on the other hand, the ingredients promote and restrict each other to increase the absorption of the effective ingredients and give full play to the compatibility effect of various forage grass; the storage is easy; the quality of the finished product is easy to control, the material selection and preparation standards are unified, the process flow is stable, industrial production is realized, and the content of effective components of the finished product is accurate and stable; the problem that green grass cannot be processed in summer is solved, firstly, when a forage grass formula is made, hay and green grass are proportioned, and then water is pre-removed through a special auger.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of ruminant nutrition and feed processing, and particularly relates to a ruminant forage grain for cattle and sheep based on total mixed ration nutrition regulation and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In view of the common industry problems in traditional ruminant breeding, such as nutritional imbalance caused by staged feeding of roughage and concentrate, low utilization rate of agricultural by-products, unstable seasonal supply of forage, and serious mildew loss of conventional feed.

[0003] In view of the above problems, the existing technology is the total mixed ration technology. The total mixed ration technology is to wet the forage cut to an appropriate length with water according to the nutritional needs of cattle and sheep at different growth stages, and then add corn flour in a certain proportion and mix it to obtain the ration for feeding.

[0004] However, the existing total mixed ration technology has the following defects:

[0005] 1. The types of forage in the total mixed ration are single, and all are yellow grass, with low nutritional level and high water content (about 50% or so). Especially in winter, such high-moisture feed is likely to cause diarrhea in animals, and the ash content is high (usually exceeding 30%), which further affects the quality and digestibility of the feed;

[0006] 2. The forage in the total mixed ration is severely mildewed, and the content of toxins such as aflatoxin exceeds the standard;

[0007] 3. The forage in the total mixed ration is bulk forage, which is difficult to store, easy to spoil, and difficult to control bacteria, resulting in a large amount of feed waste and increasing the breeding cost. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a ruminant forage grain for cattle and sheep based on total mixed ration nutrition regulation and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems of single type of forage, low nutritional level, difficult storage and easy mildew of the forage prepared by the existing technology.

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0010] In the first aspect, a preparation method of a ruminant forage grain for cattle and sheep based on total mixed ration nutrition regulation is provided, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0011] Step 1: Real-time detect the nutrient element content of various forages in the raw material warehouse through a near-infrared spectrometer, and dynamically adjust the formula ratio of various forages in combination with the nutritional requirement standards of ruminants at different growth stages. Among them, the raw material warehouse includes: alfalfa with a crude protein content of 16%-22%, silage with an NDF content of 40%-50%, and yellow grass with a dry matter content of 80%-90%;

[0012] Step 2: Tear various kinds of forage grass with a plant shredder;

[0013] Step 3: Extrude and dehydrate the shredded forage grass to reduce the moisture content of the forage grass from 65 - 75% to 45 - 50%;

[0014] Step 4: Load the extruded forage grass into a double - shaft differential mixer for stirring and mixing. During the mixing process, add starch, corn flour, concentrated feed, molasses, and additive mixture for thorough mixing;

[0015] Step 5: Put the mixed forage grass into a conditioner for conditioning, and use a ring die pellet mill to pelletize the conditioned forage grass;

[0016] Step 6: Use a counter - current cooler to cool the granular forage grass grain, and use microwave for drying treatment to reduce the particle moisture content from 16% to 13.5%;

[0017] Step 7: Disinfect the forage grass grain particles with ultraviolet light and store the forage grass grain particles.

[0018] Further, the specific method for dynamically adjusting the formula ratio of various forage grasses by combining with the nutritional requirement standards of different growth stages of ruminants in Step 1 includes:

[0019] (1) According to the requirements of different growth periods, conduct the proportioning of each forage grass. Using the cumulative algorithm, based on the crude protein content of various forage grasses, according to their proportion in the formula, the following calculation formula is used for formula protein calculation:

[0020]

[0021] (2) Make a small sample according to the above proportion, and conduct metabolic energy detection and calcium - phosphorus ratio detection on the small sample to ensure that the metabolic energy range is 2.5 - 3.5 Mcal / kg and the calcium - phosphorus ratio is controlled at 1.5:1 - 2.5:1. According to the detection results, fine - tune the forage grass ratio and additives until the target nutritional parameters are met.

[0022] Further, during the process of tearing the forage grass with a plant shredder in Step 2, the roll speed difference is controlled at 15 - 20%, the forage grass is torn into fiber bundles of 5 - 25 mm, and the fiber breakage rate is controlled ≤5%.

[0023] Further, in Step 3, the extrusion of the forage grass is carried out during the auger transmission process. A porous sieve plate with a pore diameter of 2 mm is set at the bottom of the housing of the auger conveying device, and the moisture falls from the porous sieve plate to reduce the moisture content of the forage grass from 65 - 75% to 45 - 50%.

[0024] Furthermore, the main shaft speed of the dual-shaft differential speed mixer in step 4 is 30 rpm, and the secondary shaft speed is 45 rpm. At the same time, during the stirring process, the cooked starch, corn flour, concentrated feed, molasses and additive mixture are sprayed evenly in proportion using a gear pump in a spraying manner, and the mixing uniformity CV is ≤7%; wherein the additive mixture is a composite additive system of vitamins, minerals and probiotics.

[0025] Furthermore, in step 5, the conditioner is injected with steam at a pressure of 0.2-0.3 MPa, the temperature is controlled at 80-85°C, and the conditioning time is 90-120 seconds; the die hole diameter of the ring die pelletizer is 8-12 mm, the aspect ratio is 6:1, and the hardness of the pellets is ≥8 kg / cm 2 , powdering rate ≤5%.

[0026] Furthermore, the countercurrent cooler in step 6 controls the wind speed to 2.5 m / s, reduces the particle temperature from 80° C. to 25° C., and the cooling time is ≤15 minutes; the microwave frequency is 2450 MHz, the power density is 0.5-1.5 W / g, and the treatment time is 3-5 minutes, reducing the particle moisture from 16% to 13.5%.

[0027] Furthermore, the ultraviolet light in step 7 has a wavelength of 253.7 nm and an irradiation intensity of 80 μW / cm 2 , irradiate for 30 seconds to kill mold ≥ 99.9%, and store forage grain pellets at an oxygen permeability of ≤ 50cm 3 / m 2 ·24h PE / PP co-extruded inner film woven bag.

[0028] In a second aspect, a ruminant forage for cattle and sheep based on total mixed nutrition regulation is provided, wherein the growth stages of the ruminant are divided into: a young animal stage, a fattening stage, and a lactation stage;

[0029] The forage for young animals comprises, by weight, 30%-40% alfalfa, 20%-25% silage, 10%-15% yellow grass, and 25%-30% other ingredients;

[0030] The forage grain in the fattening stage comprises, by weight, 40%-50% silage, 10%-15% alfalfa, 15%-20% yellow grass, and 15%-20% other ingredients;

[0031] The forage grain in the lactation stage comprises, by weight, 40%-50% alfalfa, 25%-30% silage, 5%-10% yellow grass, and 20%-25% other ingredients;

[0032] The forage grain is in granular form, has a granular hardness of 8 kg / cm2 or greater, a moisture content of 14% or less, and a shelf life of 12 months.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. The present invention combines the advantages of various herbs, integrates the nutrients of various forages, and effectively restricts them. First, the nutrient components of various forages interact with each other to improve the use effect of certain active ingredients. Second, the components promote and restrict each other, increase the absorption of active ingredients, and give full play to the compatibility effect of each forage.

[0035] 2. It is easy to store, hygienic and safe.

[0036] 3. The quality of the finished product is easy to control. The selection of materials to the preparation standards are unified, the technological process is stable, and it is industrially produced with unified quality standards. The content of active ingredients in the finished product is accurate and stable.

[0037] 4. It solves the problem that summer grass cannot be processed. First, when making the forage formula, the ratio of hay and grass is carried out, and then pre-dehydration is carried out through a special auger.

[0038] 5. The nutrient retention rate of the feed grain pellets produced by the present invention is ≥95%, the storage stability is increased by 50%, and the daily weight gain of cattle and sheep is increased by 10-15%. It can be applied to the feeding of ruminants on a large scale. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0040] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the preparation method of the ruminant forage for cattle and sheep based on total mixed nutrition regulation of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0041] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present invention, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. If not specifically specified, the technical means used in the embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0042] First, an embodiment of the present invention provides a preparation method of ruminant forage for cattle and sheep based on total mixed nutrition regulation. See Figure 1 , Figure 1The flowchart of the embodiment of the present invention is as follows. The specific steps are as follows:

[0043] Step 1: The content of nutrient elements of various forages in the raw material warehouse is detected in real time by a near-infrared spectrometer. Combining with the nutritional requirement standards (such as the NRC standard) of different growth stages (young livestock / fattening / lactation) of ruminants, the formula ratio of various forages is dynamically adjusted. Among them, the raw material warehouse includes: alfalfa with a crude protein content of 16%-22%, silage with an NDF content of 40%-50%, and yellow grass with a dry matter content of 80%-90%.

[0044] Step 2: Use a plant shredder to tear the forage.

[0045] Step 3: Extrude and dehydrate the shredded forages of various types, so that the moisture content of the forage is reduced from 65%-75% to 45%-50%.

[0046] Step 4: Put the extruded forages of various types into a double-shaft differential mixer for stirring and mixing. During the mixing process, starch, corn flour, concentrate feed, molasses and additive mixture are added for full mixing.

[0047] Step 5: Put the mixed forage into a conditioner for conditioning, and use a ring die granulator to granulate the conditioned forage.

[0048] Step 6: Use a countercurrent cooler to cool the granular forage grain, and use microwave for drying treatment to reduce the particle moisture from 16% to 13.5%.

[0049] Step 7: Disinfect the forage grain particles with ultraviolet light and store the forage grain particles.

[0050] Optionally, the raw material warehouse contains various forages such as alfalfa, silage and yellow grass.

[0051] Optionally, the specific method of dynamically adjusting the formula ratio of various forages by combining with the nutritional requirement standards of different growth stages of ruminants in Step 1 includes:

[0052] (1) According to the requirements of different growth periods, perform the ratio of each forage. Using the cumulative algorithm, based on the crude protein content of each forage, according to its proportion in the formula, the following calculation formula is used for formula protein calculation:

[0053]

[0054] Specifically, with the lowest raw material cost as the optimization goal and meeting the nutritional index requirements, the crude protein content of the formula is controlled within the range of 5%-20%. According to the needs of different growth stages, the ratio is further optimized. The following is a detailed description of the formula ratios of ruminant forage grains for cattle and sheep at each growth stage, all based on the dry matter weight percentage:

[0055] Young animal stage: In the young animal stage, the high protein demand (crude protein ≥ 18%) is given priority. The proportion of alfalfa in the formula is increased to 30%-40%, and its high protein (16%-22%) and digestible fiber (NDF 30%-40%) are used to promote bone and muscle development; the silage grass accounts for 20%-25%, providing digestible energy (TDN ≥ 65%) and controlling NDF ≤ 45%; the yellow grass accounts for 10%-15%, supplementing dry matter (80%-90%) to reduce the total moisture to ≤ 50%; the remaining 25%-30% is composed of ingredients such as starch, corn flour, molasses and minerals. Among them, corn flour (10%-15%) provides gelatinized energy, molasses (5%-8%) enhances palatability, and minerals (3%-5%) balance the calcium-phosphorus ratio to 1.5:1 - 2:1, ensuring that the metabolic energy ≥ 3.0 Mcal / kg.

[0056] Finishing stage: It is necessary to balance protein (12%-16%) and energy. The proportion of silage grass is increased to 40%-50%. Its high energy (TDN ≥ 65%) and palatability can increase the NDF digestibility to 50%-55%; the yellow grass accounts for 15%-20%, supplementing dry matter and reducing costs; alfalfa is adjusted to 10%-15%, assisting in providing protein and regulating fiber balance; the remaining 15%-25% is composed of corn flour (8%-12%), molasses (3%-7%) and minerals (2%-4%). Through near-infrared detection for dynamic optimization, the total NDF ≤ 35% (meeting the NRC standard), and the metabolic energy is maintained at 2.5 - 3.0 Mcal / kg.

[0057] Lactation stage: Taking into account the high protein (16%-20%) and mineral requirements, the proportion of alfalfa is increased to 40%-50%. The calcium it is rich in (≥ 1.5%) directly supports lactation; the silage grass accounts for 25%-30%, maintaining the energy and fiber balance (NDF ≤ 45%); the yellow grass only accounts for 5%-10%, controlling moisture to ensure storage stability; the remaining 20%-25% includes molasses (8%-10%), minerals (5%-7%) and corn flour (5%-8%). Molasses provides rapid energy and binds particles. Minerals strengthen the calcium-phosphorus ratio to 2.0:1 - 2.5:1. At the same time, vitamin D3 (0.1%-0.3%) is added to promote calcium absorption, ensuring that the metabolic energy reaches 3.0 - 3.5 Mcal / kg.

[0058] (2) Prepare a small sample according to the above ratio, and conduct metabolizable energy detection and calcium-to-phosphorus ratio detection on the small sample to ensure that the metabolizable energy range is 2.5 - 3.5 Mcal / kg and the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio is controlled at 1.5:1 - 2.5:1. According to the detection results, fine-tune the forage ratio and additives until the target nutritional parameters are met.

[0059] Optionally, during the process of tearing the forage with a plant shredder in step 2, the roller speed difference is controlled at 15 - 20%, the forage is torn into fiber bundles of 5 - 25 mm, and the fiber breakage rate is controlled ≤5%.

[0060] Specifically, a differential speed silk rubbing process is adopted to form a gradient fiber length, improve the rumen degradation efficiency, and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility is increased by 15 - 20%.

[0061] Optionally, in step 3, when extruding the forage through a screw conveyor, a porous sieve plate with a pore diameter of 2 mm is arranged at the bottom of the housing of the screw conveyor device, and the moisture drops from the porous sieve plate, reducing the moisture of the forage from 65 - 75% to 45 - 50%.

[0062] Optionally, in step 4, the main shaft speed of the double-shaft differential mixer is 30 rpm and the sub-shaft speed is 45 rpm. At the same time, during the mixing process, the cooked starch, corn flour, concentrate feed, molasses and additive mixture are evenly sprayed in proportion by a gear pump in a spraying manner, and the mixing uniformity coefficient of variation (CV) ≤7%; among them, the additive mixture is a vitamin, mineral and probiotic composite additive system.

[0063] Specifically, starch and corn flour are used as binders and compound supplements. During the granulation process, starch and corn flour are gelatinized (forming a gel-like substance) during the high-temperature conditioning process, which can tightly bond the forage fibers and other raw materials, ensuring the structural stability of the formed granules (hardness ≥8 kg / cm 2 ), reducing the powdering rate during granulation (≤5%); moreover, corn flour is rich in carbohydrates (such as starch), provides energy (metabolizable energy 2.5 - 3.5 Mcal / kg), and at the same time serves as a nutritional carrier to balance the crude protein (5 - 20%) and calcium-to-phosphorus ratio (1.5:1 - 2.5:1) in the formula, meeting the energy requirements of ruminants; molasses is used as a saturant. Molasses is mainly composed of simple sugars such as sucrose, glucose and fructose, and has good sweetness and viscosity; adding molasses to the feed formula can not only increase the palatability of the feed and attract animals to eat, but also serve as a natural wetting agent and binder to help other components bind better together; in addition, molasses is rich in minerals and other trace elements, which can further enrich the nutritional value of the feed and play the role of a saturant.

[0064] Specifically, the minerals are minerals such as sodium, calcium, and iron; the probiotic complex additive system includes probiotics, enzyme preparations, and other functional components; and the probiotics refer to active microorganisms beneficial to the host, mainly including Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Bacillus, etc.; the enzyme preparations include, for example, cellulase, xylanase, β-glucanase, etc.; the other functional components include yeast cultures, organic acids, plant extracts, etc., and they each have different action mechanisms, such as regulating the gastrointestinal pH value, enhancing the immune response, or providing additional antioxidant protection.

[0065] Optionally, steam with an injection pressure of 0.2 - 0.3 MPa is injected into the conditioner in step 5, the temperature is controlled at 80 - 85 °C, and the conditioning time is 90 - 120 seconds; the die hole diameter of the ring die granulator is 8 - 12 mm, and the length-diameter ratio is 6:1, and the particle hardness ≥ 8 kg / cm 2 , and the pulverization rate ≤ 5%.

[0066] Optionally, the countercurrent cooler in step 6 controls the wind speed at 2.5 m / s, reduces the particle temperature from 80 °C to 25 °C, and the cooling time ≤ 15 minutes; the frequency of the microwave is 2450 MHz, the power density is 0.5 - 1.5 W / g, and it is processed for 3 - 5 minutes to reduce the particle moisture from 16% to 13.5%.

[0067] Specifically, through the low-temperature conditioning - microwave drying coupling process, precise temperature control with low-temperature steam reduces the degradation of heat-sensitive components, combined with non-thermal and efficient dehydration by microwave, while ensuring starch gelatinization and particle stability, significantly reducing the loss of heat-sensitive nutrients such as vitamin C (retention rate ≥ 90%). Compared with the traditional high-temperature process (the vitamin C retention rate is only 50 - 70%), this technology combines the advantages of processing efficiency and nutrient retention, providing a high-activity and long-shelf-life total mixed forage ration for ruminants.

[0068] Optionally, the ultraviolet light in step 7 has a wavelength of 253.7 nm and an irradiation intensity of 80 μW / cm 2 , irradiates for 30 seconds, so that the mold killing rate ≥ 99.9%, and stores the forage particles in a PE / PP co-extruded inner-lined woven bag with an oxygen transmission rate ≤ 50 cm3 / m2·24h, 25 kg per bag (residual oxygen content ≤ 1%).

[0069] Specifically, through ultraviolet - microwave synergistic sterilization, its non-thermal sterilization technology avoids secondary pollution, and the shelf life is extended to 12 months.

[0070] In the second aspect, a total mixed ruminant forage ration based on total mixed nutrition regulation divides the growth stages of the ruminants into: young animal stage, fattening stage, and lactation stage;

[0071] The forage ration for the young livestock stage includes, by weight, 30%-40% alfalfa, 20%-25% silage grass, 10%-15% yellow grass, and the remaining components accounting for 25%-30%;

[0072] The forage ration for the fattening stage includes, by weight, 40%-50% silage grass, 10%-15% alfalfa, 15%-20% yellow grass, and the remaining components accounting for 15%-25%;

[0073] The forage ration for the lactation stage includes, by weight, 40%-50% alfalfa, 25%-30% silage grass, 5%-10% yellow grass, and the remaining components accounting for 20%-25%;

[0074] The forage ration is granular, with a particle hardness ≥ 8 kg / cm2, moisture content ≤ 14%, and the shelf life extended to 12 months.

[0075] The feed pellets produced by the present invention have a nutrient retention rate ≥ 95%, a 50% improvement in storage stability, and a 10%-15% increase in the daily weight gain of cattle and sheep, and can be applied on a large scale to the processing of ruminant feed.

[0076] The following is a detailed introduction to the specific embodiments of the present invention:

[0077] Example: Preparation of dairy cow feed during lactation;

[0078] According to the nutritional requirements of dairy cows during lactation, the raw material ratio is as follows by weight: 60% forage (mainly alfalfa, with a crude protein content of 14%-20%, combined with other forages such as silage grass and yellow grass), 30% corn flour and minerals, etc., 10% molasses, vitamins and other additives; use a plant fiber tearing machine to cut and tear the forage; extrude the torn forage to reduce the moisture content of the forage from 65-75% to 45-50%; put the extruded forage into a double-shaft differential mixer for mixing, put the mixed forage into a conditioner for conditioning, and use a ring die granulator to granulate the conditioned forage, with a ring die aperture of 8 mm, a conditioning temperature of 82 °C, and a particle hardness of 10 kg / cm 2 ; use a countercurrent cooler to cool the granular forage, and use microwave for drying treatment to reduce the particle moisture content from 16% to 13.5%; use ultraviolet light to disinfect the forage pellets, with a microwave power of 8 kW × 3 min and an ultraviolet irradiation of 100 μW / cm 2 × 40 s, use a PE / PP co-extruded inner-lined woven bag for quantitative packaging (25 kg per bag), and store it in a cool and dry environment; feeding experiments show that the forage pellets prepared by this process have the characteristics of good palatability, balanced nutrition, high digestibility, etc., and further increase the feed intake of dairy cows during lactation by 8%.

[0079] The present invention collects various kinds of forage grasses (such as alfalfa, silage grass, yellow grass, etc.). According to the nutrient element contents of each forage grass and in combination with the product standard requirements of the present invention, a formula is prepared to meet the nutritional requirements of cattle and sheep at each growth stage.

[0080] According to the product requirements, the forage grass is torn into uneven fibrous shapes and transported to a double-shaft mixer through a special auger. During the operation of the special auger, the green grass material can be pre-dehydrated. The forage grass is stirred by the double-shaft mixer. During the stirring process, the cooked starch, corn flour, concentrated feed, molasses and additive mixture are evenly sprayed in proportion by a gear pump in a spraying manner. Starch and corn flour are used as binders and compound supplements, and molasses is used as a saturation agent. After being fully mixed evenly, it is modulated at a temperature of 80 - 85 °C and then granulated. After granulation is completed, it enters a cooler for rapid cooling to ensure that the hardness of the forage grass grain is moderate. After passing through the cooler, it enters a microwave for ultraviolet disinfection and drying, and the forage grass grain is dried to a moisture content of less than 14% of the national grain reserve standard. After passing through the microwave, the forage grass grain is automatically filled. To ensure that the forage grass grain can maintain its nutrition without loss and ensure that no other reactions occur, the forage grass grain is quantitatively packaged using an inner-lined woven bag.

[0081] The above is only the specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claimed rights.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a ruminant forage ration for cattle and sheep based on total mixed nutrition regulation, characterized in that, The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Use a near-infrared spectrometer to detect the nutrient element content of various forages in the raw material warehouse in real time. Combine with the nutritional requirement standards of ruminants at different growth stages, and dynamically adjust the formula ratios of various forages. Among them, the formula includes alfalfa with 16%-22% crude protein, silage with 40%-50% NDF, and yellow grass with 80%-90% dry matter; Step 2: Use a plant shredder to shred various forages; Step 3: Extrude and dehydrate the shredded forages to reduce the moisture content of the forages from 65%-75% to 45%-50%; Step 4: Put the extruded forages into a double-shaft differential mixer for stirring and mixing. During the mixing process, add starch, corn flour, concentrate feed, minerals, molasses and additive mixture, and mix thoroughly; Step 5: Put the mixed forages into a conditioner for conditioning, and use a ring die granulator to granulate the conditioned forages; Step 6: Use a countercurrent cooler to cool the granular forage grains, and use microwave for drying treatment to reduce the particle moisture content from 16% to 13.5%; Step 7: Use ultraviolet rays to disinfect the forage grain particles, and store the forage grain particles.

2. The preparation method of the ruminant forage grain for cattle and sheep based on total mixed nutrition regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific method of dynamically adjusting the formula ratios of various forages by combining with the nutritional requirement standards of ruminants at different growth stages in Step 1 includes: (1) According to the requirements of different growth periods, make the ratio of each forage. Use the cumulative algorithm. Based on the crude protein content of various forages, according to its proportion in the formula, calculate the formula protein by the following calculation formula: (2) Make a small sample according to the above ratio, and conduct metabolisable energy detection and calcium-phosphorus ratio detection on the small sample to ensure that the metabolisable energy range is 2.5-3.5 Mcal / kg, and the calcium-phosphorus ratio is controlled at 1.5:1-2.5:

1. According to the detection results, fine-tune the forage ratio and additives until the target nutritional parameters are met.

3. The preparation method of the ruminant forage grain for cattle and sheep based on total mixed nutrition regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that During the process of using a plant shredder to shred the forages, the roll speed difference is controlled at 15%-20%, the forages are shredded into fiber bundles of 5-25 mm, and the fiber breakage rate is controlled ≤5%.

4. The preparation method of the ruminant forage grain for cattle and sheep based on total mixed nutrition regulation according to claim 1, wherein, In Step 3, the extrusion of the forages is through a spiral conveyor. A porous sieve plate with a pore diameter of 2 mm is set at the bottom of the shell of the spiral conveyor device, and the moisture falls from the porous sieve plate to reduce the moisture content of the forages from 65%-75% to 45%-50%.

5. The preparation method of the ruminant forage grain for cattle and sheep based on total mixed nutrition regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 4, the main shaft speed of the double-shaft differential mixer is 30 rpm, and the sub-shaft speed is 45 rpm. At the same time, during the mixing process, the cooked starch, corn flour, concentrate feed, molasses and additive mixture are evenly sprayed in proportion by a gear pump in a spraying manner, and the mixing uniformity CV ≤7%; among them, the additive mixture is a vitamin and probiotic composite additive system.

6. The preparation method of the ruminant forage grain for cattle and sheep based on total mixed nutrition regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that In Step 5, steam with an injection pressure of 0.2-0.3 MPa is injected into the conditioner, the temperature is controlled at 80-85°C, and the conditioning time is 90-120 seconds; The die hole diameter of the ring die granulator is 8-12 mm, the length-diameter ratio is 6:1, and the hardness of the obtained particles is ≥8 kg / cm2, and the powdering rate is ≤5%.

7. The preparation method of the ruminant forage grain for cattle and sheep based on the regulation of mixotrophy according to claim 1, wherein In Step 6, the countercurrent cooler controls the wind speed at 2.5 m / s to reduce the particle temperature from 80 °C to room temperature, and the cooling time is ≤ 15 minutes; the microwave frequency is 2450 MHz, the power density is 0.5 - 1.5 W / g, and it is processed for 3 - 5 minutes to reduce the particle moisture from 16% to 13.5%.

8. The preparation method of the ruminant forage ration for cattle and sheep based on total mixed nutrition regulation according to claim 1, wherein, The ultraviolet ray described in step 7 has a wavelength of 253.7 nm and an irradiation intensity of 80 μW / cm 2 , and is irradiated for 30 seconds to make the mold killing rate ≥ 99.9%. The forage grain particles are stored in a PE / PP co-extruded inner-lined woven bag with an oxygen permeability rate ≤ 50 cm 3 / m 2 ·24 h.

9. A ruminant forage and grain for cattle and sheep prepared by the method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ruminant growth stage is divided into: young animal stage, fattening stage, and lactation stage; The forage ration for the young animal stage includes, by weight, 30% - 40% alfalfa, 20% - 25% silage, 10% - 15% yellow grass, and the remaining components account for 25% - 30%; The forage ration for the fattening stage includes, by weight, 40% - 50% silage, 10% - 15% alfalfa, 15% - 20% yellow grass, and the remaining components account for 15% - 25%; The forage ration for the lactation stage includes, by weight, 40% - 50% alfalfa, 25% - 30% silage, 5% - 10% yellow grass, and the remaining components account for 20% - 25%; The forage ration is in granular form, the particle hardness is ≥ 8 kg / cm2, the moisture content is ≤ 14%, and the shelf life is extended to 12 months.

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