Slow-release fish bait and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses slow-release fish bait and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fish feed. Comprising the following steps: mixing soybean meal powder and cottonseed meal powder to obtain floating bait; mixing the fermented blood powder, the corn protein powder and the pre-gelatinized starch to obtain mixed bait; mixing the food calling microcapsules, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, soya bean lecithin and sterile water to obtain a food calling slow-release coating; wrapping 1 part by mass of floating bait with 2 parts by mass of mixed bait, and rounding to obtain basic fish bait; uniformly spraying the food-calling slow-release coating on the surface of the basic fish bait, and drying to obtain the slow-release fish bait. According to the invention, the dissolution time of the fish bait is prolonged, so that the dosage of the fish bait during bait casting is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fish feed, and particularly relates to a slow-release fish bait and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Fish bait is a complete nutritious feed specially formulated for aquaculture animals (such as fish and crustaceans) to meet their nutritional requirements for growth, reproduction, and health maintenance. Traditional fish bait is made by simply mixing and processing edible animal and plant raw materials for fish. Modern fish bait has developed from the traditional single raw material feeding to compound feed with scientific formulas, significantly improving the breeding efficiency and product quality.

[0003] In recent years, with the rise of outdoor leisure activities and consumption upgrading, the scale of the fishing industry has continued to expand. Fish bait is not only used in aquaculture but also widely used as a bait material for fishing. However, as a bait material in the current market, fish bait generally has the phenomenon of too fast atomization; anglers usually increase the amount of fish bait used to improve the baiting effect. This behavior not only increases the economic investment in fishing activities but also leads to eutrophication of local waters and pollution of water bodies by chemical additives.

[0004] Therefore, researching a fish bait that can reduce the amount of fish bait used during baiting and has a slow-release function has broad application prospects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] According to the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a slow-release fish bait and a preparation method thereof, which consists of floating bait, mixed bait, and attractant slow-release coating. The floating bait is obtained by mixing soybean meal powder and cottonseed meal powder, enabling the slow-release fish bait to float on the water surface to avoid being quickly swallowed by fish in the water. The mixed bait is obtained by mixing fermented blood meal, corn protein powder, and pregelatinized starch to improve the nutritional diversity of the slow-release fish bait. The blood meal is fermented to further improve the palatability of the slow-release fish bait. The attractant slow-release coating is obtained by mixing attractant microcapsules, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, soybean lecithin, and sterile water. When the slow-release fish bait is put into the water for baiting, it can first release the attractant in the attractant slow-release coating to gather the fish in the water near the baiting point, and then continuously and slowly release the fish bait wrapped by the attractant slow-release coating, thus solving the technical problems raised in the background art. Specifically, the technical solution of the present invention includes the following content:

[0006] Stir and mix soybean meal powder and cottonseed meal powder to obtain floating bait;

[0007] Add sterile water, molasses, and Candida tropicalis to the blood meal, stir and mix, and then ferment at 30°C for 48 hours to obtain fermented blood meal;

[0008] Stir and mix fermented blood meal, corn protein powder and pregelatinized starch to obtain a mixed bait;

[0009] Mix allicin, fish oil, betaine and 5% chitosan - acetic acid solution, then drop the mixture into 2% sodium alginate solution and let it stand for 20 min to form microcapsules, and filter out the solid matter to obtain feeding attractant microcapsules;

[0010] Mix hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and sterile water, and let it cool to obtain a sustained - release coating;

[0011] Mix the feeding attractant microcapsules, soy lecithin and the sustained - release coating to obtain a feeding attractant sustained - release coating;

[0012] Wrap 1 part by mass of floating bait with 2 parts by mass of the mixed bait, and roll it into a round shape by a pill - making machine to obtain a basic fish bait;

[0013] Spray the feeding attractant sustained - release coating evenly on the surface of the basic fish bait at a pressure of 0.3 MPa, and dry it in an environment of 50 °C for 6 h to obtain the slow - release fish bait.

[0014] Furthermore, the mass ratio of soybean meal powder to cottonseed meal powder is 6:4. The functions of using soybean meal powder and cottonseed meal powder are as follows: they can provide basic plant proteins and carbohydrates, and will expand after absorbing water, reducing the overall density of the slow - release fish bait.

[0015] Furthermore, the mass ratio of blood meal: molasses: Candida tropicalis: sterile water is 200:19:1:80. The function of fermenting blood meal is: it can improve the protein digestibility, palatability and nutritional value of blood meal.

[0016] Furthermore, the mass ratio of fermented blood meal: corn protein powder: pregelatinized starch is 400:500:100. The functions of using corn protein powder and pregelatinized starch are as follows: they can further increase the nutritional value and palatability of the slow - release fish bait, and can make the slow - release fish bait better shaped.

[0017] Furthermore, the 5% chitosan - acetic acid solution is obtained by mixing chitosan, acetic acid and sterile water according to the mass ratio of 5:1:94.

[0018] Furthermore, the 2% sodium alginate solution is obtained by mixing sodium alginate and sterile water according to the mass ratio of 1:49.

[0019] Furthermore, the mass ratio of allicin: fish oil: betaine: 5% chitosan - acetic acid solution is 2:1:2:15. The functions of using allicin, fish oil and betaine are as follows: they can stimulate the sense of smell and taste of fish, improving the attractiveness of the slow - release fish bait.

[0020] Further, the mass ratio of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to sterile water at 80°C to 90°C is 1:16. The function of using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and sterile water at 80°C to 90°C is as follows: When the slow-release coating comes into contact with water, a gel layer will be generated to wrap the entire basic bait. Along with the slow dissolution of the gel layer, the internal fish bait is continuously released, achieving the effect of slow release.

[0021] Further, the mass ratio of the attractant microcapsule, soybean lecithin, and slow-release coating is 2:1:17.

[0022] Further, the mass ratio of the attractant slow-release coating to the basic fish bait is 1:20.

[0023] A slow-release fish bait prepared by the preparation method of a slow-release fish bait.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] (1) By using the floating bait made of soybean meal powder and cottonseed meal powder, the present invention reduces the overall density of the slow-release fish bait, enabling it to better float on the water surface and increasing the duration of the slow-release fish bait.

[0026] (2) By using the mixed bait made of blood meal, corn protein powder, and pregelatinized starch and fermenting the blood meal, the present invention improves the nutritional value, palatability, and plasticity of the slow-release fish bait.

[0027] (3) By using the attractant microcapsules prepared by mixing allicin, fish liver oil, betaine, and 5% chitosan-acetic acid solution and dropping them into 2% sodium alginate solution, standing, and filtering, the present invention improves the attractiveness of the slow-release fish bait.

[0028] (4) By using the attractant slow-release coating made of attractant microcapsules, soybean lecithin, and slow-release coating, when the slow-release fish bait comes into contact with water, a gel layer will be generated to wrap the entire basic bait. The attractant microcapsules in it will dissolve first and generate holes. At the same time, along with the slow dissolution of the gel layer itself, the internal wrapped fish bait is continuously released, achieving the effect of slow release. Specific embodiments

[0029] Next, through the embodiments of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials and reagents used in the present invention below are all commercially available products or can be prepared by known methods.

[0031] Candida tropicalis CICC 1316 was purchased from China Center of Industrial Culture Collection.

[0032] Chitosan, acetic acid, sodium alginate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and soy lecithin were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.

[0033] Preparation Example 1:

[0034] Preparation of floating bait, including the following process:

[0035] 600 g of soybean meal powder and 400 g of cottonseed meal powder were added to a stainless-steel bucket and stirred evenly to obtain floating bait.

[0036] Preparation Example 2:

[0037] Preparation of mixed bait, including the following process:

[0038] 600 g of blood meal, 57 g of molasses, 3 g of Candida tropicalis, and 240 g of sterile water were added to a beaker, stirred evenly, spread flat in a stainless-steel tray, and placed in a constant-temperature incubator at 30 °C for 48 h to obtain fermented blood meal. 600 g of fermented blood meal, 750 g of corn protein powder, and 150 g of pregelatinized starch were added to a stainless-steel bucket and stirred evenly to obtain mixed bait.

[0039] Preparation Example 3:

[0040] Preparation of attractant slow-release coating, including the following process:

[0041] 94 g of sterile water, 1 g of acetic acid, and 5 g of chitosan were added to a beaker and stirred with a magnetic stirrer at 100 r / m for 2 h to obtain a 5% chitosan-acetic acid solution. 980 g of sterile water and 20 g of sodium alginate were added to a beaker and stirred with a magnetic stirrer at 100 r / m for 30 min to obtain a 2% sodium alginate solution. 60 g of 5% chitosan-acetic acid solution, 8 g of allicin, 4 g of fish oil, and 8 g of betaine were added to a beaker and stirred with a magnetic stirrer at 100 r / m for 10 min to obtain a mixed solution. The mixed solution was slowly dropped into a beaker containing 1000 g of 2% sodium alginate solution with a pipette, and after standing for 20 min, the solid matter was filtered out. The solid matter was attractant microcapsules. 160 g of 80 °C sterile water and 10 g of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose were added to a beaker and stirred with a magnetic stirrer at 100 r / m for 10 min, and then left to cool to room temperature to obtain a slow-release coating. 170 g of slow-release coating, 20 g of attractant microcapsules, and 10 g of soy lecithin were added to a beaker and stirred with a magnetic stirrer at 20 r / m for 30 min to obtain an attractant slow-release coating.

[0042] Preparation Example 4:}]

[0043] Preparation of the feeding attractant sustained-release coating, including the following process:

[0044] Add 94 g of sterile water, 1 g of acetic acid and 5 g of chitosan into a beaker, and stir with a magnetic stirrer at 100 r / m for 2 h to obtain a 5% chitosan-acetic acid solution. Add 980 g of sterile water and 20 g of sodium alginate into a beaker, and stir with a magnetic stirrer at 100 r / m for 30 min to obtain a 2% sodium alginate solution. Add 60 g of 5% chitosan-acetic acid solution, 8 g of allicin, 4 g of fish oil and 8 g of betaine into a beaker, stir with a magnetic stirrer at 100 r / m for 10 min to obtain a mixture, slowly drip the mixture into a beaker containing 1000 g of 2% sodium alginate solution with a pipette, and filter out the solid after standing for 20 min. The solid is the feeding attractant microcapsule. Add 160 g of 90°C sterile water and 10 g of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose into a beaker, stir with a magnetic stirrer at 100 r / m for 10 min, and let it cool to room temperature to obtain the sustained-release coating. Add 170 g of the sustained-release coating, 20 g of the feeding attractant microcapsule and 10 g of soy lecithin into a beaker, stir with a magnetic stirrer at 20 r / m for 30 min to obtain the feeding attractant sustained-release coating.

[0045] Preparation Example 5:

[0046] Preparation of the feeding attractant sustained-release coating, including the following process:

[0047] Add 94 g of sterile water, 1 g of acetic acid and 5 g of chitosan into a beaker, and stir with a magnetic stirrer at 100 r / m for 2 h to obtain a 5% chitosan-acetic acid solution. Add 980 g of sterile water and 20 g of sodium alginate into a beaker, and stir with a magnetic stirrer at 100 r / m for 30 min to obtain a 2% sodium alginate solution. Add 60 g of 5% chitosan-acetic acid solution, 8 g of allicin, 4 g of fish oil and 8 g of betaine into a beaker, stir with a magnetic stirrer at 100 r / m for 10 min to obtain a mixture, slowly drip the mixture into a beaker containing 1000 g of 2% sodium alginate solution with a pipette, and filter out the solid after standing for 20 min. The solid is the feeding attractant microcapsule. Add 160 g of 70°C sterile water and 10 g of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose into a beaker, stir with a magnetic stirrer at 100 r / m for 10 min, and let it cool to room temperature to obtain the sustained-release coating. Add 170 g of the sustained-release coating, 20 g of the feeding attractant microcapsule and 10 g of soy lecithin into a beaker, stir with a magnetic stirrer at 20 r / m for 30 min to obtain the feeding attractant sustained-release coating.

[0048] Preparation Example 6:

[0049] Preparation of the feeding attractant sustained-release coating, including the following process:

[0050] Add 160 g of sterile water at 90 °C and 10 g of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to a beaker. Stir with a magnetic stirrer at 100 r / m for 10 min, and then let it cool to room temperature to obtain a sustained-release coating. Add 170 g of the sustained-release coating and 10 g of soy lecithin to a beaker. Stir with a magnetic stirrer at 20 r / m for 30 min to obtain a feeding attractant sustained-release coating.

[0051] Preparation Example 7:

[0052] Preparation of the feeding attractant sustained-release coating, including the following process:

[0053] Add 94 g of sterile water, 1 g of acetic acid and 5 g of chitosan to a beaker. Stir with a magnetic stirrer at 100 r / m for 2 h to obtain a 5% chitosan-acetic acid solution. Add 980 g of sterile water and 20 g of sodium alginate to a beaker. Stir with a magnetic stirrer at 100 r / m for 30 min to obtain a 2% sodium alginate solution. Add 60 g of the 5% chitosan-acetic acid solution, 8 g of allicin, 4 g of fish liver oil and 8 g of betaine to a beaker. Stir with a magnetic stirrer at 100 r / m for 10 min to obtain a mixed solution. Slowly drip the mixed solution into a beaker containing 1000 g of the 2% sodium alginate solution with a pipette, and let it stand for 20 min, then filter out the solid matter. The solid matter is the feeding attractant microcapsule. Add 160 g of sterile water at 90 °C and 10 g of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to a beaker. Stir with a magnetic stirrer at 100 r / m for 10 min, and then let it cool to room temperature to obtain a sustained-release coating. Add 170 g of the sustained-release coating and 20 g of the feeding attractant microcapsule to a beaker. Stir with a magnetic stirrer at 20 r / m for 30 min to obtain a feeding attractant sustained-release coating.

[0054] Example 1:

[0055] A preparation method of a slow-release fish bait, specifically including the following process:

[0056] Wrap 10 g of the floating bait prepared in Preparation Example 1 with 20 g of the mixed bait prepared in Preparation Example 2, and roll it into a round shape with a pill-making machine to obtain a basic fish bait. Spray the feeding attractant sustained-release coating prepared in Preparation Example 3 evenly on the surface of the basic fish bait with a spray kettle equipped with a pressure gauge at a constant pressure of 0.3 MPa, and ensure that the weight of the basic fish bait reaches 31.5 g after spraying. Finally, put the sprayed basic fish bait into a constant temperature incubator and dry it at 50 °C for 6 h to obtain a slow-release fish bait.

[0057] Example 2:

[0058] A preparation method of a slow-release fish bait, specifically including the following process:

[0059] Wrap 10 g of the floating bait prepared in Preparation Example 1 with 20 g of the mixed bait prepared in Preparation Example 2, and round it with a pill-making machine to obtain the basic fish bait. Spray the feeding attractant slow-release coating prepared in Preparation Example 4 evenly onto the surface of the basic fish bait at a constant pressure of 0.3 MPa through a spray kettle equipped with a pressure gauge, and ensure that the weight of the basic fish bait reaches 31.5 g after spraying. Finally, put the sprayed basic fish bait into a constant-temperature incubator and dry it at 50 °C for 6 h to obtain the slow-release fish bait.

[0060] Comparative Example 1:

[0061] A preparation method of a slow-release fish bait specifically includes the following process:

[0062] Round 30 g of the mixed bait prepared in Preparation Example 2 with a pill-making machine to obtain the basic fish bait. Spray the feeding attractant slow-release coating prepared in Preparation Example 4 evenly onto the surface of the basic fish bait at a constant pressure of 0.3 MPa through a spray kettle equipped with a pressure gauge, and ensure that the weight of the basic fish bait reaches 31.5 g after spraying. Finally, put the sprayed basic fish bait into a constant-temperature incubator and dry it at 50 °C for 6 h to obtain the slow-release fish bait.

[0063] Comparative Example 2:

[0064] A preparation method of a slow-release fish bait specifically includes the following process:

[0065] Replace the feeding attractant slow-release coating prepared in Preparation Example 4 in Example 2 with the feeding attractant slow-release coating prepared in Preparation Example 5, and keep the other conditions the same as those in Example 2.

[0066] Comparative Example 3:

[0067] A preparation method of a slow-release fish bait specifically includes the following process:

[0068] Replace the feeding attractant slow-release coating prepared in Preparation Example 4 in Example 2 with the feeding attractant slow-release coating prepared in Preparation Example 6, and keep the other conditions the same as those in Example 2.

[0069] Comparative Example 4:

[0070] A preparation method of a slow-release fish bait specifically includes the following process:

[0071] Replace the feeding attractant slow-release coating prepared in Preparation Example 4 in Example 2 with the feeding attractant slow-release coating prepared in Preparation Example 7, and keep the other conditions the same as those in Example 2.

[0072] Test the dissolution time in water of the slow-release fish baits obtained in Examples 1-2, Comparative Examples 1-4 and a common granular fish bait on the market, as shown in the following table:

[0073] [[ID=4))

[0074]

[0075] 100 g of the slow-release fish baits obtained in Examples 1 to 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 and a common granular fish bait on the market were each taken for a baiting effect test. The test site was a fish farming pond with an area of about 6 mu. The fish cultured were grass carp, and the stocking density was about 100 tails / mu. The baiting points of the fish baits were all selected at positions 5 m away from the shore and with a water depth of more than 3 m. The straight-line distance between different fish bait baiting points was greater than 20 m. The time taken for a total of 10 fish to bite the bait and the time of the last bite were recorded, as shown in the following table:

[0076]

[0077] It can be seen from the data of the above two tests that:

[0078] (1) The slow-release fish baits of Examples 1 to 2 have a good slow-release effect compared with a common granular fish bait on the market, and have strong attraction and a long duration for fish, with excellent comprehensive performance.

[0079] (2) It can be seen from Comparative Example 1 that using a slow-release fish bait without floating bait will cause the fish bait to sink completely into the water, accelerating the dissolution rate of the fish bait. Although it can attract fish faster, it is also more easily swallowed by fish, resulting in a significant reduction in the duration.

[0080] (3) It can be seen from Comparative Example 2 that using sterile water at a lower temperature to make the slow-release coating will cause the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to agglomerate, greatly reducing the slow-release effect of the slow-release fish bait and seriously affecting the overall performance.

[0081] (4) It can be seen from Comparative Example 3 that using a slow-release coating without the feeding microcapsule will result in a lower attraction to fish before the slow-release coating is completely dissolved, relying only on the soybean lecithin released during the dissolution process as a feeding attractant.

[0082] (5) It can be seen from Comparative Example 4 that soybean lecithin can not only be used as a feeding attractant but also has the effect of improving the strength of the slow-release coating. Using a slow-release coating without soybean lecithin will accelerate the dissolution rate of the fish bait.

[0083] The above embodiments have described the technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a slow-release fish bait, characterized in that, The preparation method comprises the following steps: Mix soybean meal powder and cottonseed meal powder to obtain floating bait; Mix blood meal, molasses, Candida tropicalis and sterile water, and ferment at 30°C for 48 h to obtain fermented blood meal; Mix the fermented blood meal, corn protein powder and pregelatinized starch to obtain mixed bait; Mix allicin, fish oil, betaine and 5% chitosan-acetic acid solution, drop the mixture into 2% sodium alginate solution, let it stand for 20 min to form microcapsules, and filter out the solid matter to obtain feeding attractant microcapsules; Mix hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and sterile water, and let it cool to obtain sustained-release coating; Mix the feeding attractant microcapsules, soy lecithin and the sustained-release coating to obtain feeding attractant sustained-release coating; Wrap 1 part by mass of the floating bait with 2 parts by mass of the mixed bait, and roll it into a ball to obtain basic fish bait; Spray the feeding attractant sustained-release coating evenly on the surface of the basic fish bait under a pressure of 0.3 MPa, and dry it at 50°C for 6 h to obtain the slow-release fish bait.

2. The preparation method of a slow-release fish bait according to claim 1, wherein, The mass ratio of the soybean meal powder to the cottonseed meal powder is 6:

4.

3. The preparation method of a slow-release fish bait according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the blood meal, molasses, Candida tropicalis to the sterile water is 200:19:1:

80.

4. The preparation method of a slow-release fish bait according to claim 1, wherein, The mass ratio of the fermented blood meal, corn protein powder to the pregelatinized starch is 400:500:

100.

5. The preparation method of a slow-release fish bait according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the allicin, fish oil, betaine to the 5% chitosan-acetic acid solution is 2:1:2:

15.

6. The preparation method of a slow-release fish bait according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to the sterile water is 1:

16.

7. The preparation method of a slow-release fish bait according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the feeding attractant microcapsules, soy lecithin to the sustained-release coating is 2:1:

17.

8. The preparation method of a slow-release fish bait according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the feeding attractant sustained-release coating to the basic fish bait is 1:

20.

9. A slow-release fish bait prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 8 for a slow-release fish bait.

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