Absorption drainage material, drainage joint, drainage tube and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides an absorption and drainage material, a drainage connector, a drainage tube and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of materials and instruments, the absorption and drainage material comprises a negative pressure drainage tube, and the negative pressure drainage tube is composed of a drainage tube body, the drainage connector arranged at one end of the drainage tube body and a connecting end arranged at the other end of the drainage tube body; the drainage connector comprises a drainage head and an absorption layer wrapping the drainage head. The absorbing layer is used for absorbing and conducting liquid and comprises a cellulose sponge layer and a cellulose-starch polymer film attached to the cellulose sponge layer; 3 / 4-4 / 5 of the first cellulose sponge layer is interwoven with the second cellulose sponge layer, and 1 / 2 of the second cellulose sponge layer is interwoven with the third cellulose sponge layer. The absorption drainage material can rapidly conduct absorbed liquid, wrap the drainage head and make contact with the wound surface in a large area, and under the condition that the amount of effusion, hematocele or exudate is small, when the drainage holes cannot be completely located in the effusion, the effusion can be drained out of the body through the absorption effect of the absorption layer when the effusion, hematocele or exudate is not completely located in the effusion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical materials and devices, and particularly to an absorbent liquid guiding material, a drainage connector, a drainage tube and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In breast surgery, breast cancer surgery is a common operation. The operation method is to remove the breast tissue on the breast cancer side and at the same time clean the axillary lymph nodes. After breast cancer surgery, due to the large number and size of free skin flaps, drainage tubes are usually placed under the skin flaps in the surgical area to drain body fluid, blood and exudate. At the same time, negative pressure drainage is also beneficial for the skin flap and subcutaneous tissue to fit together under negative pressure, promoting tissue healing. When the patient moves, the drainage tube will be pulled. For example, the drainage tubes currently used in clinical practice include soft rubber hose materials, silicone materials or PVC. Among them, although the silicone material is relatively soft, it reduces the irritation to the patient's subcutaneous tissue and avoids discomfort. However, it is prone to bending during use, resulting in unsmooth drainage. The PVC and soft rubber hose materials are harder and have a certain mechanical strength, which can ensure smooth drainage. However, after being punctured and placed under the skin, when pulled, it causes subcutaneous pain. For the negative pressure drainage tube, in order to enable the effusion to be drained smoothly, multiple drainage holes are provided. When the drainage holes are not completely in the effusion, the negative pressure drainage will be unsmooth.

[0003] In view of this, the present invention is specifically proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide an absorbent liquid guiding material that can be applied to a drainage connector to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of the above absorbent liquid guiding material.

[0006] A third purpose of the present invention is to provide a drainage connector.

[0007] A fourth purpose of the present invention is to provide a drainage tube.

[0008] In order to achieve the above purposes of the present invention, the following technical solutions are specifically adopted: In the first aspect, the present invention provides an absorbent liquid guiding material, which includes a cellulose sponge layer and a cellulose-starch polymer film attached to the cellulose sponge layer; The cellulose sponge layer includes a first cellulose sponge layer, a second cellulose sponge layer and a third cellulose sponge layer, and the third cellulose sponge layer wraps around the drainage head; The pore size of the third cellulose sponge layer < the pore size of the second cellulose sponge layer < the pore size of the third cellulose sponge layer; 3 / 4 to 4 / 5 of the first cellulose sponge layer is intertwined with the second cellulose sponge layer, and 1 / 2 of the second cellulose sponge layer is intertwined with the third cellulose sponge layer.

[0009] Further, the thicknesses of the first cellulose sponge layer, the second cellulose sponge layer, and the third cellulose sponge layer are all 0.5 to 0.9 mm; One side of the third cellulose sponge layer is provided with a plurality of guiding heads.

[0010] Second, the present invention provides a preparation method of the above absorption and liquid guiding material, comprising the following steps: A. Stir and mix the nano-cellulose solution and the chitosan solution, and at the same time use citric acid to adjust the pH to 4.0 to 5.5 to obtain a chitosan-nano-cellulose solution; The chitosan-nano-cellulose solution is freeze-dried for the first time to obtain the first cellulose sponge layer. 4 / 5 to 5 / 6 of the thickness of the first cellulose sponge layer is placed in the chitosan-nano-cellulose solution and freeze-dried for the second time to obtain the second cellulose sponge layer. 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the second cellulose sponge layer is placed in the chitosan-nano-cellulose solution and freeze-dried for the third time to obtain the third cellulose sponge layer; B. Mix the nano-cellulose solution and the hydroxyethyl starch solution, spray and form a film on the first cellulose sponge layer in the cellulose sponge layer prepared in step A. After heating, it is freeze-dried for the second time to obtain a cellulose-starch composite film, and the absorption and liquid guiding material is prepared.

[0011] Further, the step of placing 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the second cellulose sponge layer in the chitosan-nano-cellulose solution and freeze-drying for the third time to obtain the third cellulose sponge layer further includes placing the chitosan-nano-cellulose solution in a mold with holes at the bottom that match the size of the guiding heads.

[0012] Further, in step A, the mass fraction of the nano-cellulose solution is 3.5 to 6 wt%, and the mass fraction of the chitosan solution is 1.5 to 2.86 wt%; the volume ratio of the nano-cellulose solution to the chitosan solution is 3:1 to 4:1; The conditions of the stirring include stirring at 1200 to 1800 rpm for 7 to 20 min.

[0013] Further, in step B, the fraction of the nano-cellulose solution is 4 to 7 wt%, and the mass fraction of the hydroxyethyl starch solution is 6 to 11%; The volume ratio of the nano-cellulose solution to the hydroxyethyl starch solution is 5 to 7:3 to 5; The temperature of the heating is 80 to 100 °C, and the heating time is 30 to 60 s.

[0014] Further, the first freeze-drying includes freezing at -20°C for 12 to 15 hours and freezing at -40°C to -60°C for 36 to 48 hours; the second freeze-drying includes freezing at -50°C to -80°C for 36 to 48 hours; the third freeze-drying includes rapid cooling with liquid nitrogen for 6 to 12 minutes.

[0015] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a drainage connector, which includes a drainage head and an absorption layer wrapped around the drainage head; A number of drainage holes are provided on the drainage head, and a drainage cavity is provided between the drainage holes and the cellulose sponge layer (22). The diameter of the drainage cavity near the cellulose sponge layer is larger than the diameter of the drainage cavity near the drainage holes; The absorption layer is made of the above-mentioned absorption and liquid-conducting material or the absorption and liquid-conducting material prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0016] Further, a number of guiding holes matching the guiding head are also provided on the drainage head, and a number of guiding heads are respectively placed in the number of guiding holes; The drainage head includes a closed end and an open end.

[0017] In a fourth aspect, a drainage tube is also provided, which includes a negative pressure drainage tube. The negative pressure drainage tube is composed of a drainage tube body, the above-mentioned drainage connector and a connection end; The drainage connector is arranged at one end of the drainage tube body, and the connection end is arranged at the other end of the drainage tube body.

[0018] For the absorption and liquid-conducting material provided by the present invention, nano-cellulose and hydroxyethyl starch in the external cellulose-starch polymer film can form a network cross-linked structure, which has a certain mechanical strength in the dry state and can protect the internal cellulose sponge layer from being damaged during the process of placing the drainage tube into the body. When it absorbs water, it presents a gel state. Due to its network cross-linked structure and thin film-like glue, it can enable the liquid to quickly penetrate. Since the pore diameter of the third cellulose sponge layer < the pore diameter of the second cellulose sponge layer < the pore diameter of the third cellulose sponge layer, the liquid entering through the cellulose-starch polymer film can improve the penetration ability under the capillary action formed by the difference in pore diameter size; at the same time, the cellulose sponge layer is a cellulose sponge structure, which can quickly conduct the absorbed liquid. Under negative pressure, the liquid can quickly pass through the drainage cavity and converge to the drainage holes and flow out along the drainage tube body. The diameter of one end of the drainage cavity close to the absorption layer is larger than that of the end close to the drainage holes, so that a relatively large-area cavity is formed between the drainage holes and the absorption layer, avoiding liquid congestion. On the other hand, for the provided drainage connector, an absorption layer for absorbing and conducting liquid is arranged outside the drainage head provided with drainage holes, which can contact the wound surface over a large area. Even when there is less effusion, blood accumulation or exudate in the late stage of drainage and the drainage holes cannot be completely in the effusion, it can still be drained to the outside through the absorption of the absorption and liquid-conducting material. Description of the Drawings To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of a drainage tube provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of a drainage joint provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of a drainage head provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the longitudinal sectional structure of a drainage joint provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 For Figure 4 Enlarged structure diagram at position A in Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of an absorption layer provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the sectional structure of an absorption layer provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0020] Icon: 1 - drainage tube body; 2 - drainage joint; 21 - drainage head; 22 - cellulose sponge layer; 23 - cellulose - starch polymer film; 211 - drainage hole; 212 - drainage cavity; 213 - guiding hole; 214 - guiding head; 221 - first cellulose sponge layer; 222 - second cellulose sponge layer; 223 - third cellulose sponge layer; 3 - connection end. Specific Embodiments

[0021] Unless otherwise defined herein, scientific and technical terms used in conjunction with the present invention shall have the meanings commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. The meanings and scopes of the terms should be clear. However, in any case of potential ambiguity, the definitions provided herein shall prevail over any dictionary or extrinsic definition. In this application, unless otherwise stated, the use of "or" means "and / or". In addition, the use of the term "comprising" and other forms is non - restrictive.

[0022] Unless otherwise specified, the methods and techniques of the present invention are generally carried out according to conventional methods well - known in the art and as described in various general and more specific references, which are cited and discussed throughout this specification. Enzymatic reactions and purification techniques are carried out according to the manufacturer's instructions, as commonly practiced in the art or as described herein.

[0023] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0024] On the one hand, the present invention provides an absorbent liquid guiding material, which includes a cellulose sponge layer 22 and a cellulose-starch polymer film 23 attached to the cellulose sponge layer 22; The cellulose sponge layer 22 includes a first cellulose sponge layer 221, a second cellulose sponge layer 222, and a third cellulose sponge layer 223, and the third cellulose sponge layer 223 is wrapped around the drainage head; The pore size of the third cellulose sponge layer 223 < the pore size of the second cellulose sponge layer 222 < the pore size of the first cellulose sponge layer 221; 3 / 4 to 4 / 5 of the first cellulose sponge layer 221 is intertwined with the second cellulose sponge layer 222, and 1 / 2 of the second cellulose sponge layer 222 is intertwined with the third cellulose sponge layer 223.

[0025] In the external cellulose-starch polymer film 23, nanocellulose and hydroxyethyl starch can form a network cross-linked structure, which has a certain mechanical strength in the dry state and can protect the internal cellulose sponge layer 22 from being damaged during the process of placing the drainage tube into the body. When it absorbs water, it presents a gel state. Due to its network cross-linked structure and thin film-like glue, it can allow liquid to pass through quickly. Since the pore size of the third cellulose sponge layer 223 < the pore size of the second cellulose sponge layer 222 < the pore size of the first cellulose sponge layer 221, the liquid entering through the cellulose-starch polymer film 23 can improve the penetration ability under the capillary action formed by the difference in pore size. At the same time, the cellulose sponge layer 22 is a cellulose sponge structure, which can quickly conduct the absorbed liquid. Under negative pressure, the liquid can quickly pass through the drainage cavity 212 and gather at the drainage hole 211 and flow out along the drainage tube body. The diameter of one end of the drainage cavity 212 close to the absorption layer is larger than the end close to the drainage hole 211, so that a relatively large-area cavity is formed between the drainage hole 211 and the absorption layer to avoid liquid congestion.

[0026] An absorption layer for absorbing and conducting liquid is provided outside the drainage head 21 provided with the drainage hole 211. The absorption layer is wrapped around the outside of the drainage head 21 and can contact the wound surface over a large area. Even when there is less accumulated fluid, blood, or exudate in the late stage of drainage and the drainage hole cannot be completely immersed in the accumulated fluid, it can still be drained to the outside through the absorption of the absorption layer.

[0027] In some specific embodiments, the thicknesses of the first cellulose sponge layer 221, the second cellulose sponge layer 222, and the third cellulose sponge layer 223 are all 0.5 - 0.9 mm.

[0028] In some specific embodiments, a plurality of guiding heads 214 are provided on one side of the third cellulose sponge layer 223.

[0029] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for preparing the above absorbent liquid guiding material, comprising the following steps: A. Stir and mix the nanocellulose solution and the chitosan solution, and at the same time use citric acid to adjust the pH to 4.0 - 5.5 to obtain a chitosan - nanocellulose solution; The chitosan - nanocellulose solution is subjected to first freeze - drying to obtain the first cellulose sponge layer 221. 4 / 5 - 5 / 6 of the thickness of the first cellulose sponge layer 221 is placed in the chitosan - nanocellulose solution and subjected to second freeze - drying to obtain the second cellulose sponge layer 222. 1 / 2 - 2 / 3 of the second cellulose sponge layer 222 is placed in the chitosan - nanocellulose solution and subjected to third freeze - drying to obtain the third cellulose sponge layer 223; B. Mix the nanocellulose solution and the hydroxyethyl starch solution, spray - coat and form a film on the first cellulose sponge layer 221 of the cellulose sponge layer 22 prepared in step A, and after heating, perform second freeze - drying to obtain a cellulose - starch polymer film 23, thereby preparing the absorbent liquid guiding material.

[0030] In step A, pores with different pore sizes are formed in the interwoven area through a laminated preparation method, which is beneficial for liquid conduction between layers; in step B, spray - coating and film - forming are carried out, the operation is simple, and the film - forming is uniform; this preparation method is simple, and the obtained absorbent layer has strong liquid absorption and conduction capabilities. In some specific embodiments, the step of placing 1 / 2 - 2 / 3 of the second cellulose sponge layer 222 in the chitosan - nanocellulose solution and subjecting it to third freeze - drying to obtain the third cellulose sponge layer 223 further includes placing the chitosan - nanocellulose solution in a mold with holes at the bottom that match the size of the guiding heads 214.

[0031] In the postoperative drainage, the diameters of the common drainage tubes vary from 3.3 to 12 mm. To make the absorbent layer thin while having strong absorption capacity and liquid conduction capacity, in some specific embodiments, the mass fraction of the nanocellulose solution in step A is 3.5 - 6 wt%, and the mass fraction of the chitosan solution is 1.5 - 2.86 wt%; the volume ratio of the nanocellulose solution to the chitosan solution is 3:1 - 4:1; the stirring conditions include stirring at 1200 - 1800 rpm for 7 - 20 min.

[0032] Among them, the mass fraction of the nanocellulose solution in step A can be, but is not limited to, 3.5wt%, 3.8wt%, 4wt%, 4.5wt%, 5wt%, 5.5wt% or 6wt%, and can also be any value between 3.5 and 6wt%.

[0033] The mass fraction of the chitosan solution can be, but is not limited to, 1.5wt%, 1.6wt%, 1.8wt%, 2.0wt%, 2.2wt%, 2.4wt%, 2.6wt%, 2.8wt% or 2.86wt%, and can also be any value between 1.5 and 2.86wt%.

[0034] The volume ratio of the nanocellulose solution to the chitosan solution in step A can be, but is not limited to, 3:1, 3.1:1, 3.2:1, 3.3:1, 3.4:1, 3.5:1, 3.6:1, 3.7:1, 3.8:1, 3.9:1 or 4:1, and can also be any value between 3:1 and 4:1.

[0035] In some specific embodiments, the first freeze-drying includes freezing at -20°C for 12 to 15 hours and freezing at -40°C to -60°C for 36 to 48 hours; the second freeze-drying includes freezing at -50°C to -80°C for 36 to 48 hours; the third freeze-drying includes rapid cooling with liquid nitrogen for 6 to 12 minutes.

[0036] The pores formed by the first freeze-drying are relatively large; the pores formed by the second freeze-drying are relatively small, and the third freeze-drying is rapid cooling with liquid nitrogen, which can form a dense and fine pore structure. Such a setting in cooperation with the layered preparation method can further improve the water absorption capacity and liquid conduction capacity of the cellulose sponge layer 22.

[0037] In order to enable the cellulose-starch polymer film 23 to have a certain mechanical strength while absorbing water, in some specific embodiments, the fraction of the nanocellulose solution in step B is 4 to 7wt%, and the mass fraction of the hydroxyethyl starch solution is 6 to 11%; The volume ratio of the nanocellulose solution to the hydroxyethyl starch solution is 5 to 7:3 to 5; The heating temperature is 80 to 100°C, and the heating time is 30 to 60 seconds.

[0038] Among them, the fraction of the nanocellulose solution in step B can be, but is not limited to, 4wt%, 4.5wt%, 5wt%, 5.5wt%, 6wt%, 6.5wt% or 7wt%, and can also be any value between 4 and 7wt%.

[0039] The mass fraction of the hydroxyethyl starch solution can be, but is not limited to, 6 wt%, 6.5 wt%, 7 wt%, 7.5 wt%, 8 wt%, 8.5 wt%, 9 wt%, 9.5 wt%, 10 wt%, 10.5 wt% or 11 wt%, and can also be any value between 6% and 11%.

[0040] In step B, the volume ratio of the nanocellulose solution to the hydroxyethyl starch solution can be, but is not limited to, 5:5, 6:5, 7:5, 5:4, 6:4, 7:4, 5:3, 6:3 or 7:3, and can also be any value between 5 - 7:3 - 5.

[0041] According to another aspect of the present invention, a drainage connector is also provided, which includes a drainage head 21 and an absorption layer wrapped around the drainage head 21; A number of drainage holes 211 are provided on the drainage head 21, and a drainage cavity 212 is provided between the drainage holes 211 and the cellulose sponge layer 22. The diameter of the drainage cavity 212 near the cellulose sponge layer 22 is larger than the diameter of the drainage cavity 212 near the drainage holes 211; The absorption layer is made of the above-mentioned absorption and liquid - guiding material or the absorption and liquid - guiding material prepared by the above - mentioned preparation method.

[0042] The absorption and liquid - guiding material is wrapped around the drainage head 21, enabling the drainage connector to contact the wound surface over a large area. Even in the later stage of drainage, when there is less accumulated fluid, blood, or exudate, and the drainage holes are not completely in the accumulated fluid, it can still be drained to the outside through the absorption of the absorption and liquid - guiding material.

[0043] In some specific embodiments, the drainage holes 211 can be set to be oval or other non - circular shapes.

[0044] In some specific embodiments, a number of guiding holes 213 matching the guiding heads 214 are also provided on the drainage head 21, and a number of guiding heads 214 are respectively placed in the a number of guiding holes 213.

[0045] The cooperation between the guiding holes 213 and the guiding heads 214 can enable the third cellulose sponge layer 223 to be tightly connected to the drainage head 21. In some specific embodiments, the drainage head 21 includes a closed end and an open end. Among them, the open end is connected to the drainage tube. Under negative pressure, the liquid can enter the inside of the drainage tube body 1 through the guiding heads 214, improving the drainage efficiency.

[0046] According to another aspect of the present invention, a drainage tube is also provided, which includes a negative - pressure drainage tube. The negative - pressure drainage tube is composed of a drainage tube body 1, the above - mentioned drainage connector 2 or the drainage connector 2 prepared by the above - mentioned preparation method, and a connection end 3; The drainage connector 2 is provided at one end of the drainage tube body 1, and the connection end 3 is provided at the other end of the drainage tube body 1.

[0047] The present invention will be further described below through embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the materials in the embodiments are prepared according to existing methods or directly purchased from the market.

[0048] The nano-cellulose can be any one of TEMPO-oxidized nano-cellulose, carboxymethyl nano-cellulose or quaternized nano-cellulose. In the following embodiments, TEMPO-oxidized nano-cellulose is selected as an example for illustration.

[0049] The chitosan is selected as carboxymethyl chitosan.

[0050] Embodiment 1 Combined Figures 1 to 5 Specifically described, a drainage tube includes a negative pressure drainage tube, which is composed of a drainage tube body 1, a drainage connector 2 provided at one end of the drainage tube body 1, and a connection end 3 provided at the other end of the drainage tube body 1. The drainage connector 2 includes a drainage head 21 and an absorption layer wrapped around the drainage head 21. Among them, the diameter of the drainage tube body 1 is 16Fr (5.3 mm).

[0051] A number of drainage holes 211 are provided on the drainage head 21, and a drainage cavity 212 is provided between the drainage holes 211 and the cellulose sponge layer 22. The diameter of the drainage cavity 212 near the cellulose sponge layer 22 is larger than the diameter of the drainage cavity 212 near the drainage holes 211.

[0052] The absorption layer is used to absorb and conduct liquid. The absorption layer is an absorption and liquid-conducting material, including a cellulose sponge layer 22 and a cellulose-starch polymer film 23 attached to the cellulose sponge layer 22. The cellulose sponge layer 22 includes a first cellulose sponge layer 221, a second cellulose sponge layer 222 and a third cellulose sponge layer 223. The third cellulose sponge layer 223 is wrapped around the drainage head; the pore diameter of the third cellulose sponge layer 223 < the pore diameter of the second cellulose sponge layer 222 < the pore diameter of the third cellulose sponge layer 223. 4 / 5 of the first cellulose sponge layer 221 is intertwined with the second cellulose sponge layer 222, and 1 / 2 of the second cellulose sponge layer 222 is intertwined with the third cellulose sponge layer 223. The thicknesses of the first cellulose sponge layer 221, the second cellulose sponge layer 222 and the third cellulose sponge layer 223 are all 0.5 mm.

[0053] A number of guiding holes 213 are also provided on the drainage head 21, and a number of guiding heads 214 opposite to the guiding holes 213 are provided on the surface of the third cellulose sponge layer 223 opposite to the drainage head 21. The number of guiding heads 214 are respectively placed in the number of guiding holes 213.

[0054] The drainage tube is specifically prepared according to the following steps: 1. Mix an aqueous solution of nanocellulose with a concentration of 4.8 wt% and an aqueous solution of chitosan with a concentration of 2.35 wt% at a volume ratio of 3.5:1, stir at 1400 rpm for 12 min, and adjust the pH to 4.0 - 4.5 with citric acid during stirring to obtain a chitosan-nanocellulose solution; Combined Figure 6 and Figure 7 For illustration, place the chitosan-nanocellulose solution in a mold, freeze it at -20°C for 13 h and then at -50°C for 42 h in sequence to obtain the first cellulose sponge layer 221; place 4 / 5 of the thickness of the first cellulose sponge layer 221 in the chitosan-nanocellulose solution, and freeze it at -65°C for 42 h to obtain the second cellulose sponge layer 222; place the chitosan-nanocellulose solution in a mold with a hole at the bottom that matches the size of the guiding head 214, place 1 / 2 of the second cellulose sponge layer 222 in it, and perform rapid cooling and drying with liquid nitrogen for 10 min to obtain the third cellulose sponge layer 223; 2. Mix an aqueous solution of nanocellulose with a concentration of 6.2 wt% and an aqueous solution of hydroxyethyl starch with a concentration of 7.5% at a ratio of 6:4, spray and form a film on the first cellulose sponge layer 221, heat at 90°C for 40 s, and then freeze at -65°C for 42 h to obtain a cellulose-starch polymer film 23, thus preparing the absorption layer; 3. Wrap the absorption layer prepared in step B around the drainage head 21, and place the guiding head 214 in the guiding hole 213.

[0055] Example 2 A drainage tube, including a negative pressure drainage tube, which is composed of a drainage tube body 1, a drainage joint 2 provided at one end of the drainage tube body 1, and a connection end 3 provided at the other end of the drainage tube body 1. The drainage joint 2 includes a drainage head 21 and an absorption layer wrapped around the drainage head 21. Among them, the diameter of the drainage tube body 1 is 24 Fr (8 mm).

[0056] A number of drainage holes 211 are provided on the drainage head 21, and a drainage cavity 212 is provided between the drainage holes 211 and the cellulose sponge layer 22. The diameter of the drainage cavity 212 near the cellulose sponge layer 22 is larger than the diameter of the drainage cavity 212 near the drainage holes 211.

[0057] The absorption layer is used to absorb and conduct liquid. The absorption layer is an absorbent and liquid-conducting material, including a cellulose sponge layer 22 and a cellulose-starch polymer film 23 attached to the cellulose sponge layer 22. The cellulose sponge layer 22 includes a first cellulose sponge layer 221, a second cellulose sponge layer 222, and a third cellulose sponge layer 223. The third cellulose sponge layer 223 is wrapped around the drainage head; the pore size of the third cellulose sponge layer 223 < the pore size of the second cellulose sponge layer 222 < the pore size of the first cellulose sponge layer 221. 4 / 5 of the first cellulose sponge layer 221 is intertwined with the second cellulose sponge layer 222, and 1 / 2 of the second cellulose sponge layer 222 is intertwined with the third cellulose sponge layer 223. The thickness of the first cellulose sponge layer 221, the second cellulose sponge layer 222, and the third cellulose sponge layer 223 is all 0.8 mm.

[0058] A number of guiding holes 213 are also provided on the drainage head 21. A number of guiding heads 214 opposite to the guiding holes 213 are provided on one side of the third cellulose sponge layer 223 opposite to the drainage head 21. The number of guiding heads 214 are respectively placed in the number of guiding holes 213.

[0059] The preparation of the drainage tube specifically proceeds according to the following steps: 1. Mix a 6 wt% aqueous solution of nanocellulose and a 2.86 wt% aqueous solution of chitosan in a volume ratio of 4:1, stir at 1200 rpm for 20 min, and adjust the pH to 5.0 - 5.5 with citric acid during the stirring process to obtain a chitosan-nanocellulose solution; Combined Figure 6 and Figure 7 For illustration, place the chitosan-nanocellulose solution in a mold, freeze at -20°C for 15 h and then at -40°C for 48 h to obtain the first cellulose sponge layer 221; place 3 / 4 of the thickness of the first cellulose sponge layer 221 in the chitosan-nanocellulose solution, and freeze at -80°C for 36 h to obtain the second cellulose sponge layer 222; place the chitosan-nanocellulose solution in a mold with holes at the bottom that match the size of the guiding heads 214, place 1 / 2 of the second cellulose sponge layer 222 therein, and perform rapid cooling and drying with liquid nitrogen for 6 min to obtain the third cellulose sponge layer 223; 2. Mix a 4 wt% aqueous solution of nanocellulose and an 11% aqueous solution of hydroxyethyl starch in a ratio of 5:5, spray and form a film on the first cellulose sponge layer 221, heat at 100°C for 60 s, and then freeze at -80°C for 36 h to obtain the cellulose-starch polymer film 23, thus preparing the absorption layer; 3. Wrap the absorption layer prepared in step B around the drainage head 21, and place the guiding heads 214 in the guiding holes 213.

[0060] Example 3 A drainage tube, including a negative pressure drainage tube, which is composed of a drainage tube body 1, a drainage joint 2 arranged at one end of the drainage tube body 1, and a connection end 3 arranged at the other end of the drainage tube body 1. The drainage joint 2 includes a drainage head 21 and an absorption layer wrapped around the drainage head 21. Among them, the diameter of the drainage tube body 1 is 36Fr (12mm).

[0061] A number of drainage holes 211 are provided on the drainage head 21, and a drainage cavity 212 is provided between the drainage holes 211 and the cellulose sponge layer 22. The diameter of the drainage cavity 212 near the cellulose sponge layer 22 is larger than the diameter of the drainage cavity 212 near the drainage holes 211.

[0062] The absorption layer is used to absorb and conduct liquid. The absorption layer is an absorption and liquid-conducting material, including a cellulose sponge layer 22 and a cellulose-starch polymer film 23 attached to the cellulose sponge layer 22. The cellulose sponge layer 22 includes a first cellulose sponge layer 221, a second cellulose sponge layer 222, and a third cellulose sponge layer 223. The third cellulose sponge layer 223 is wrapped around the drainage head; the pore diameter of the third cellulose sponge layer 223 < the pore diameter of the second cellulose sponge layer 222 < the pore diameter of the third cellulose sponge layer 223. 4 / 5 of the first cellulose sponge layer 221 is intertwined with the second cellulose sponge layer 222, and 1 / 2 of the second cellulose sponge layer 222 is intertwined with the third cellulose sponge layer 223. The thicknesses of the first cellulose sponge layer 221, the second cellulose sponge layer 222, and the third cellulose sponge layer 223 are all 0.9mm.

[0063] A number of guiding holes 213 are also provided on the drainage head 21. A number of guiding heads 214 opposite to the guiding holes 213 are provided on the surface of the third cellulose sponge layer 223 opposite to the drainage head 21, and a number of guiding heads 214 are respectively placed in a number of guiding holes 213.

[0064] The preparation of the drainage tube is specifically carried out according to the following steps: 1. Mix an aqueous solution of 3.5wt% nanocellulose and an aqueous solution of 1.5wt% chitosan in a volume ratio of 3:1, stir at 1800rpm for 7min, and adjust the pH to 4.5 - 5.0 with citric acid during the stirring process to obtain a chitosan-nanocellulose solution; Combine Figure 6 and Figure 7For illustration, the chitosan-nanocellulose solution is placed in a mold and frozen at -20°C for 12 h and then at -60°C for 36 h in sequence to obtain the first cellulose sponge layer 221; 4 / 5 of the thickness of the first cellulose sponge layer 221 is placed in the chitosan-nanocellulose solution and frozen at -50°C for 48 h to obtain the second cellulose sponge layer 222; the chitosan-nanocellulose solution is placed in a mold with a hole at the bottom that matches the size of the guiding head 214, and 1 / 2 of the second cellulose sponge layer 222 is placed therein, and then freeze-dried with liquid nitrogen rapid cooling for 12 min to obtain the third cellulose sponge layer 223; 2. Mix 7 wt% aqueous nanocellulose solution and 6% aqueous hydroxyethyl starch solution in a ratio of 7:3, spray and form a film on the first cellulose sponge layer 221, heat at 80°C for 30 s, and then freeze at -50°C for 48 h to obtain the cellulose-starch polymer film 23, thus preparing the absorption layer; 3. Wrap the absorption layer prepared in step B around the drainage head 21, and place the guiding head 214 in the guiding hole 213.

[0065] Comparative Example 1 Different from Example 1, there is no drainage cavity 212 between the drainage hole 211 and the cellulose sponge layer 22, and they are in direct contact with the cellulose sponge layer 22.

[0066] Comparative Example 2 Different from Example 1, the second cellulose sponge layer 222 is provided on one side of the first cellulose sponge layer 221, and the third cellulose sponge layer 223 is provided on one side of the second cellulose sponge layer 222, without interweaving. When preparing, the first cellulose sponge layer 221, the second cellulose sponge layer 222, and the third cellulose sponge layer 223 are prepared separately, and then the chitosan-nanocellulose solution is sprayed between each layer and freeze-dried under the second freeze-drying condition to connect them into one body.

[0067] Comparative Example 3 Different from Example 1, sodium alginate is used instead of chitosan.

[0068] Comparative Example 4 A drainage tube includes a drainage tube body 1 with a diameter of 16 Fr (5.3 mm). One end of the drainage tube body 1 is a connection end 3, and the other end is a drainage joint 2. The drainage joint 2 includes a drainage head 21. A plurality of drainage holes 211 are provided on the drainage head 21.

[0069] Simulated drainage experiment Use normal saline to simulate subcutaneous hydrops. Place the normal saline in a silicone model to simulate the tissue environment, and the amount of hydrops in the simulated tissue environment is 200 ml. Select the drainage tubes provided in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 respectively. Place the drainage connector 2 at the same position in the simulated tissue, connect the connecting end to a negative pressure drainage device, set the negative pressure to only 200 mmHg, drain for 1 hour and record the drainage volume until there is no more hydrops flowing out, record the total drainage volume, take out the drainage connector 2, drain the hydrops in the simulated tissue and record the residual volume. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0070] Table 1

[0071] As can be seen from Table 1, among the drainage volumes in 1 hour, the effect of Comparative Example 4 is the best. It can be seen that the water-absorbing layers in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 have a certain impact on the drainage efficiency. However, the difference between Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 4 does not exceed 10%. Compared with Example 1, in Comparative Example 1, the absence of the drainage cavity 212 affects its drainage efficiency. In Comparative Example 2, the lack of interweaving between the first cellulose sponge layer 221, the second cellulose sponge layer 222, and the third cellulose sponge layer 223 affects the drainage efficiency. In Comparative Example 3, sodium alginate will form a gel-like structure. Although it has good water absorption, it is not conducive to water conduction. Using sodium alginate instead of chitosan will lead to a decrease in the conduction efficiency and affect the drainage efficiency; in terms of the residual volume, the residual volume of Comparative Example 4 is the highest, and the residual volumes of Examples 1 to 3 are significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 4. It can be seen that setting the water-absorbing layer can reduce the residual volume and still be able to drain smoothly when the hydrops is less, while there is no obvious difference between Comparative Examples 1 to 3 and Examples 1 to 3; in terms of the total drainage volume, the total drainage volume of Comparative Example 4 is the lowest, corresponding to the residual volume. The total drainage volumes of Examples 1 to 3 are all higher than those of each comparative example. From the perspective of the total drainage effect, Examples 1 to 3 are superior to each comparative example. Among them, due to reasons such as drainage tube residue, the sum of the residual volume and the total drainage volume is less than 200 ml.

[0072] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An absorbent liquid guiding material, characterized in that, It includes a cellulose sponge layer (22) and a cellulose-starch polymer film (23) attached to the cellulose sponge layer (22); The cellulose sponge layer (22) includes a first cellulose sponge layer (221), a second cellulose sponge layer (222) and a third cellulose sponge layer (223), and the third cellulose sponge layer (223) is wrapped around the drainage head; The pore size of the third cellulose sponge layer (223) < the pore size of the second cellulose sponge layer (222) < the pore size of the third cellulose sponge layer (223); 3 / 4 to 4 / 5 of the first cellulose sponge layer (221) is intertwined with the second cellulose sponge layer (222), and 1 / 2 of the second cellulose sponge layer (222) is intertwined with the third cellulose sponge layer (223).

2. The absorbent liquid guiding material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thicknesses of the first cellulose sponge layer (221), the second cellulose sponge layer (222) and the third cellulose sponge layer (223) are all 0.5 to 0.9 mm; Several guiding heads (214) are provided on one side of the third cellulose sponge layer (223).

3. The preparation method of the absorbent liquid guiding material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: A. Stir and mix the nanocellulose solution and the chitosan solution, and at the same time use citric acid to adjust the pH to 4.0 to 5.5 to obtain a chitosan-nanocellulose solution; The chitosan-nanocellulose solution is freeze-dried for the first time to obtain the first cellulose sponge layer (221). 4 / 5 to 5 / 6 of the thickness of the first cellulose sponge layer (221) is placed in the chitosan-nanocellulose solution and freeze-dried for the second time to obtain the second cellulose sponge layer (222). 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the second cellulose sponge layer (222) is placed in the chitosan-nanocellulose solution and freeze-dried for the third time to obtain the third cellulose sponge layer (223); B. Mix the nanocellulose solution and the hydroxyethyl starch solution, spray and form a film on the first cellulose sponge layer (221) in the cellulose sponge layer (22) prepared in step A. After heating, it is freeze-dried for the second time to obtain the cellulose-starch polymer film (23), and the absorbent and liquid-conducting material is prepared.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that The step of placing 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the second cellulose sponge layer (222) in the chitosan-nanocellulose solution and freeze-drying for the third time to obtain the third cellulose sponge layer (223) further includes placing the chitosan-nanocellulose solution in a mold with holes at the bottom that match the size of the guiding heads (214).

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step A, the mass fraction of the nanocellulose solution is 3.5 to 6 wt%, and the mass fraction of the chitosan solution is 1.5 to 2.86 wt%; the volume ratio of the nanocellulose solution to the chitosan solution is 3:1 to 4:1; The conditions of the stirring include stirring at 1200 to 1800 rpm for 7 to 20 minutes.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step B, the fraction of the nanocellulose solution is 4 to 7 wt%, and the mass fraction of the hydroxyethyl starch solution is 6 to 11%; The volume ratio of the nanocellulose solution to the hydroxyethyl starch solution is 5 to 7:3 to 5; The heating temperature is 80 to 100 °C, and the heating time is 30 to 60 s.

7. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first freeze-drying includes freezing at -20°C for 12 to 15 hours and freezing at -40°C to -60°C for 36 to 48 hours; the second freeze-drying includes freezing at -50°C to -80°C for 36 to 48 hours; the third freeze-drying includes rapid cooling with liquid nitrogen for 6 to 12 minutes.

8. A drainage connector, characterized in that, It includes a drainage head (21) and an absorption layer wrapped around the drainage head (21); A number of drainage holes (211) are provided on the drainage head (21), and a drainage cavity (212) is provided between the drainage holes (211) and the cellulose sponge layer (22). The diameter of the drainage cavity (212) near the cellulose sponge layer (22) is larger than the diameter of the drainage cavity (212) near the drainage holes (211); The absorption layer is made of the absorption and liquid-conducting material described in Claim 1 or 2 or the absorption and liquid-conducting material prepared by the preparation method described in any one of Claims 3 to 7.

9. The drainage adapter according to claim 8, wherein, A number of guiding holes (213) matching the guiding heads (214) are further provided on the drainage head (21), and a number of guiding heads (214) are respectively placed in the a number of guiding holes (213); The drainage head (21) includes a closed end and an open end.

10. A drainage tube, characterized in that, It includes a negative pressure drainage tube, and the negative pressure drainage tube is composed of a drainage tube body (1), the drainage joint (2) described in Claim 8 or 9, and a connection end (3); The drainage joint (2) is arranged at one end of the drainage tube body (1), and the connection end (3) is arranged at the other end of the drainage tube body (1).

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