Laser cutting head, laser cutting machine and laser cutting method
Through the combination of multi-group laser head transfer plate design and fluorescence analyzer and photographer detection, the problems of low cutting efficiency of high-reverse materials and laser head damage are solved, and an efficient and stable laser cutting process is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510579220.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-01
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
When existing laser cutting machines cut square pipes of different materials, especially high-reverse materials, the cutting efficiency is low and the laser head is easily damaged, and the workpiece position deviation leads to a decrease in processing efficiency.
The transfer plate design of multiple sets of laser heads is adopted, and the double detection is combined with a fluorescence analyzer and a photographer. The material of the workpiece is judged and the power of the laser head is adjusted. The surface of the workpiece is treated with a matte roller and protection gas to ensure the correct positioning of the workpiece and the reduction of reflection.
It improves the cutting efficiency and cutting quality of high-reverse materials, reduces the risk of laser head damage, and ensures the stability and accuracy of the cutting process.
Smart Images
Figure CN120395170A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser cutting, and particularly to a laser cutting head, a laser cutting machine, and a laser cutting method. Background Art
[0002] Laser cutting technology is a commonly used workpiece processing technology in the manufacturing industry. Laser cutting technology has the advantages of high precision, high efficiency, and non-contact processing. Therefore, it is often used to cut some square tubes. However, existing laser cutting machines still have certain deficiencies when cutting square tubes made of different materials. Since some square tubes are made of high-reflectivity materials, high-reflectivity materials have a high reflectivity to laser. If a conventional low-power laser head is used for cutting, the cutting efficiency may not be high at this time, and some laser beams may be reflected into the laser head. The laser beams entering the laser head may damage the internal components of the laser head, which may affect the cutting accuracy of the laser head. At the same time, when the existing laser cutting machine is in use, the workpiece may not be accurately placed directly below the laser cutting head. During subsequent cutting, the cutting path may deviate, affecting the processing efficiency of the workpiece. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems raised in the background art, and a laser cutting head, a laser cutting machine, and a laser cutting method are proposed.
[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A laser cutting head, including a plurality of groups of laser heads fixedly connected to a rotating plate. The plurality of groups of laser heads are evenly distributed on the rotating plate, and the laser heads are used for cutting workpieces. It further includes a detection unit for detecting and analyzing workpieces. After the detection unit detects and analyzes the workpiece, when the workpiece is a non-high-reflectivity material, the rotating plate remains stationary, and the low-power laser head at the bottom of the rotating plate is placed directly above the workpiece. When the workpiece is a high-reflectivity material, the rotating plate drives the laser head to rotate and switch, and the high-power laser head at the bottom of the rotating plate is placed directly above the workpiece.
[0005] Preferably, a fuselage with a jaw plate and a mounting frame. The mounting frame is fixedly connected to the fuselage, and the rotating plate is rotatably connected to the mounting frame. A universal robotic arm for transporting workpieces. A clamping plate connected to the driving end of the universal robotic arm. The detection unit includes a fluorescence analyzer and a camera. The fluorescence analyzer is fixedly connected to the clamping plate. When the clamping plate clamps the workpiece, the detection end of the fluorescence analyzer faces the workpiece. A rotating rod rotatably connected to the fuselage. The support rod is fixedly connected to the rotating rod, and the camera is fixedly connected to the top of the support rod; The limiting ring is connected to the fuselage; A plurality of sets of adjusting rods are fixedly connected to the limiting ring, and the plurality of sets of adjusting rods are symmetrically arranged. An electric push rod is fixedly connected in the limiting ring, and a guide wheel is connected to the driving end of the electric push rod; The universal robotic arm transports the workpiece to the clamping jaw plate of the fuselage through the clamping plate. The fluorescence analyzer analyzes and detects the surface of the workpiece and sends the detection signal to the computer platform for comparison. The rotating rod rotates to make the camera photograph the cross-section of the installed workpiece and transmits the photographing signal to the computer platform for secondary comparison.
[0006] Further, a clamping bladder is fixedly connected to the clamping plate, and two groups of clamping bladders are symmetrically arranged. An air pump is fixedly connected to the clamping plate. A first air pipe is fixedly connected to the air output end of the air pump. One end of the first air pipe away from the air pump is fixedly connected to a first communication pipe, and the first communication pipe is communicated with the two groups of clamping bladders.
[0007] Furthermore, a driving cylinder is fixedly connected to the limiting ring. A pressure accumulation chamber and a sliding chamber are formed in the driving cylinder. The pressure accumulation chamber is communicated with the sliding chamber through an air inlet pipe. A sliding plug is slidably connected in the sliding chamber. A pressure rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding plug. A connecting frame is fixedly connected to the pressure rod, and a grinding roller is rotatably connected to the connecting frame.
[0008] Further, a U-shaped mounting plate is fixedly connected to the driving end of the electric push rod, and the guide wheel is rotatably connected to the U-shaped mounting plate.
[0009] Furthermore, a second communication pipe is fixedly connected to the clamping plate, and the second communication pipe is communicated with the two groups of clamping bladders. A third air pipe is fixedly connected to the second communication pipe, and one end of the third air pipe away from the clamping plate is communicated with the pressure accumulation chamber.
[0010] Furthermore, a second air pipe is fixedly connected to the driving cylinder, and the second air pipe is communicated with the sliding chamber. The air outlet end of the second air pipe faces the laser head.
[0011] In order to enable the sliding plug to quickly reset, furthermore, a spring is fixedly connected to the sliding plug, and one end of the spring away from the sliding plug is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the sliding chamber.
[0012] Still further, the clamping bladder is a wear-resistant air bladder, and the second air pipe is an elastic hose.
[0013] A laser cutting method using the laser cutting machine described above includes the following steps: Step 1: The universal robotic arm drives the clamping plate to clamp the workpiece and places and installs the workpiece on the machine body. Step 2: When placing the workpiece, the fluorescence analyzer detects the surface of the workpiece and uploads the detection signal. Step 3: The rotating rod rotates the camera. The camera faces the cross-section of the workpiece. The camera takes a photo of the cross-section of the workpiece and uploads the photo signal. Step 4: Based on the detection signal uploaded by the fluorescence analyzer, initially judge the material of the workpiece. Then, based on the photo signal uploaded by the camera, judge the material of the workpiece again. Step 5: Based on the photo signal uploaded by the camera, analyze and judge the offset distance of the workpiece, and push and adjust it through the electric push rod to make the workpiece centered directly below the laser head. Step 6: During laser cutting, the sliding plug slides downwards, pressing down the abrasive roller to pre-treat the surface of the workpiece. At the same time, the gas in the sliding cavity is blown towards the cutting position of the laser head through the third air pipe.
[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a laser cutting head, a laser cutting machine and a laser cutting method, having the following beneficial effects: Through the double detection of the workpiece by the fluorescence analyzer and the camera provided in this device, the metal type of the workpiece can be stably judged, which is convenient for timely adjusting the required laser head during laser cutting. When cutting high-reflectivity materials, a high-power laser head is selected to increase the energy absorbed by the high-reflectivity materials, effectively improving the cutting efficiency and cutting quality.
[0015] At the same time, when analyzing the sampled photo of the camera, it is also possible to analyze and judge the placement position of the workpiece, and after the judgment, adjust the position of the workpiece with a central offset so that it can be centered directly below the laser head, ensuring the subsequent cutting stability.
[0016] During laser cutting, the protective gas discharged from the clamping capsule can also be used to press the abrasive roller tightly against the workpiece, so that the abrasive roller roughens the workpiece. By increasing the roughness of the cutting surface of the workpiece, the laser beam is diffusely reflected on the surface of the workpiece, reducing the possibility of the laser beam being directly reflected into the laser head and damaging the laser head. At the same time, the discharged protective gas can also be blown at the cutting position of the laser beam and the workpiece through the third air pipe, which can effectively prevent the workpiece from oxidizing during the cutting process, and the blown protective gas can disperse the plasma cloud generated by the cutting, improving the utilization rate of the laser. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the laser cutting head proposed by the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic connection structure diagram of the driving rod and the rotating plate in the laser cutting head proposed by the present invention; Figure 3 Structural schematic diagram of the laser cutting machine proposed by the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 4 Laser cutting machine proposed by the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged view of part A in the laser cutting machine; Figure 5 Structural schematic diagram of the laser cutting machine proposed by the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 6 Structural schematic diagram of the laser cutting machine proposed by the present invention Figure 3 ; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the connection structure of the universal robotic arm and the clamping plate in the laser cutting machine proposed by the present invention; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the clamping plate in the laser cutting machine proposed by the present invention; Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of the limiting ring in the laser cutting machine proposed by the present invention; Figure 10 Cross-sectional view of the driving cylinder in the laser cutting machine proposed by the present invention; Figure 11 Laser cutting machine proposed by the present invention Figure 10 Enlarged view of part B in the laser cutting machine; Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure of the guide wheel and the grinding roller in the laser cutting machine proposed by the present invention.
[0018] In the figure: 1, fuselage; 101, jaw plate; 102, first driving motor; 1021, rotating rod; 103, relief groove; 2, universal robotic arm; 3, laser head; 4, camera; 401, support rod; 5, air pump; 501, first air pipe; 5011, first connecting pipe; 6, driving cylinder; 601, third air pipe; 602, pressure accumulation chamber; 603, intake pipe; 604, sliding cavity; 6041, sliding plug; 6042, pressing rod; 6043, spring; 7, clamping plate; 701, clamping bladder; 7011, second connecting pipe; 8, power supply; 801, fluorescence analyzer; 9, limiting ring; 901, adjusting rod; 9011, electric push rod; 10, mounting bracket; 11, workpiece; 12, connecting bracket; 1201, grinding roller; 13, U-shaped mounting plate; 1301, guide wheel; 14, second driving motor; 1401, driving rod; 15, rotating plate. Specific embodiments
[0019] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.
[0020] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
[0021] Example 1: Refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 , the laser cutting head includes a laser head 3 fixedly connected to the rotating plate 15. Multiple groups of laser heads 3 are evenly distributed on the rotating plate 15, and the laser head 3 is used to cut the workpiece 11.
[0022] In specific implementation, three laser heads 3 with different powers can be installed on the rotating plate 15, which is convenient for subsequent adjustment and selection according to different workpieces 11.
[0023] Example 2: The laser cutting machine includes a laser cutting head and further includes: The fuselage 1 and the mounting frame 10 with the clamping jaw plate 101. The clamping jaw plate 101 is slidably connected to the fuselage 1 through an electromagnetic rail; the mounting frame 10 is fixedly connected to the fuselage 1, and the rotating plate 15 is rotatably connected to the mounting frame 10; A second driving motor 14 is fixedly connected to the mounting frame 10. A driving rod 1401 is fixedly connected to the driving end of the second driving motor 14, and the driving rod 1401 is fixedly connected to the rotating plate 15; The universal robotic arm 2 is used to transport the workpiece 11; The clamping plate 7 is connected to the driving end of the universal robotic arm 2; The power supply 8 is fixedly connected to the top of the clamping plate 7. A fluorescence analyzer 801 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the power supply 8; when the clamping plate 7 clamps the workpiece 11, the detection end of the fluorescence analyzer 801 faces the workpiece 11; The rotating rod 1021 is rotatably connected to the fuselage 1; The support rod 401 is fixedly connected to the rotating rod 1021, and a camera 4 is fixedly connected to the top of the support rod 401; The first driving motor 102 is fixedly connected to the fuselage 1, and the driving end of the first driving motor 102 is fixedly connected to the rotating rod 1021; The limiting ring 9 is connected to the fuselage 1; Multiple groups of adjusting rods 901 are fixedly connected to the limiting ring 9, and the multiple groups of adjusting rods 901 are symmetrically arranged. An electric push rod 9011 is fixedly connected to the limiting ring 9, and a guide wheel 1301 is connected to the driving end of the electric push rod 9011; Refer to Figure 3 、 Figure 4, in specific implementation, a relief groove 103 is formed on the fuselage 1, and when the camera 4 is placed horizontally, the camera 4 and the support rod 401 can be placed in the relief groove 103; The universal robotic arm 2 transfers the workpiece 11 to the jaw plate 101 of the fuselage 1 through the clamping plate 7. The fluorescence analyzer 801 analyzes and detects the surface of the workpiece 11 and sends the detection signal to the computer platform for comparison. The rotating rod 1021 rotates to turn the camera 4 to photograph the cross-section of the workpiece 11 after installation, and transmits the photographed signal to the computer platform for secondary comparison.
[0024] When specifically comparing, the fluorescence analyzer 801 transmits the surface signal of the detected workpiece 11 to the computer platform. At this time, the computer platform will compare the received metal signal with the metal signal in the database, and then quickly judge the metal type of the workpiece 11. After the workpiece 11 is stably placed on the fuselage 1, the first driving motor 102 will drive the rotating rod 1021 to rotate, and then drive the camera 4 to rotate. When the rotating rod 1021 drives the camera 4 to rotate clockwise by 90°, the photographing end of the camera 4 will be directly opposite to the cross-section of the workpiece 11. At this time, the camera 4 will take a photo sample of the cross-section of the workpiece 11 and transmit the photographed photo signal to the computer platform. At this time, the computer platform will perform a secondary comparison of the photographed photo with the metal photo in the database, and then judge the metal type of the workpiece 11 again. When it is judged that the workpiece 11 is a conventional metal, the low-power laser head 3 on the rotating plate 15 is used for cutting work. When it is judged that the workpiece 11 is a highly reflective metal (such as an aluminum plate), the computer platform transmits a control signal to the second driving motor 14 through the controller. At this time, the second driving motor 14 will drive the driving rod 1401 connected to its driving end to rotate, and then drive the rotating plate 15 to rotate. After the rotating plate 15 rotates, the high-power laser head 3 on the rotating plate 15 can be placed directly above the workpiece 11; It should be noted that the fluorescence analyzer 801 is a portable handheld analyzer that can be purchased on the market; It should also be noted that both the fluorescence analyzer 801 and the camera 4 are electrically connected to the computer platform through the controller, and the computer platform is electrically connected to the second driving motor 14 and the electric push rod 9011 through the controller.
[0025] A U-shaped mounting plate 13 is fixedly connected to the driving end of the electric push rod 9011, and the guide wheel 1301 is rotatably connected to the U-shaped mounting plate 13; When comparing the photographed signal of the photographing device 4, the computer platform will also analyze and compare the placement position of the workpiece 11. At this time, the computer platform will overlap and compare the photographed photo with the photo of the initially preset central position. At this time, it can be analyzed whether the workpiece 11 has a central offset; when the workpiece 11 has a central offset after being placed, the computer platform will transmit a control signal to the corresponding electric push rod 9011 through the controller. The electric push rod 9011 will push the U-shaped mounting plate 13 at its driving end to move, and then drive the guide wheel 1301 to push the workpiece 11, so that the workpiece 11 is centered in the limit ring 9, so that it can be centered directly below the laser head 3 subsequently, ensuring the subsequent cutting stability.
[0026] It should be noted that the electric push rod 9011 is a high-precision push rod that can be purchased on the market.
[0027] Through the fluorescence analyzer 801 and the photographing device 4 provided in the device, the workpiece 11 is double-detected, and then the metal type of the workpiece 11 can be stably judged, which is convenient for timely adjusting the required laser head 3 during laser cutting. When cutting high-reflectivity materials, a high-power laser head 3 is selected to increase the energy absorbed by the high-reflectivity materials, effectively improving the cutting efficiency and cutting quality.
[0028] The clamping plate 7 is fixedly connected with clamping capsules 701. The two groups of clamping capsules 701 are symmetrically arranged. The clamping plate 7 is fixedly connected with an air pump 5. The air delivery end of the air pump 5 is fixedly connected with a first air delivery pipe 501. The end of the first air delivery pipe 501 away from the air pump 5 is fixedly connected with a first connecting pipe 5011. The first connecting pipe 5011 is communicated with the two groups of clamping capsules 701. The air intake end of the air pump 5 is connected with a supplementary air pipe, and the supplementary air pipe is communicated with an external protective gas storage tank.
[0029] When clamping the workpiece 11, the universal robotic arm 2 drives the clamping plate 7 to move, so that the workpiece 11 is placed in the clamping plate 7. At this time, the air pump 5 extracts the externally stored protective gas, and the extracted protective gas will be delivered through the first air delivery pipe 501 and the first connecting pipe 5011 and then enter the clamping capsules 701 on the upper and lower sides of the clamping plate 7. After the clamping capsules 701 are inflated, they will bulge. When the clamping capsules 701 are inflated for a period of time, the two groups of clamping capsules 701 will closely abut against the workpiece 11. At this time, the clamping plate 7 will be able to stably clamp the workpiece 11, and then the workpiece 11 can be transferred and installed.
[0030] Refer to Figures 6 - 12, during specific implementation, in order to further reduce the reflection of the high-reverse workpiece 11 on the laser optical fiber, a driving cylinder 6 is fixedly connected to the limiting ring 9. A pressure storage chamber 602 and a sliding chamber 604 are formed in the driving cylinder 6. The pressure storage chamber 602 is communicated with the sliding chamber 604 through an air inlet pipe 603. A sliding plug 6041 is slidably connected in the sliding chamber 604. A pressure rod 6042 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding plug 6041. A connecting frame 12 is fixedly connected to the pressure rod 6042. A grinding roller 1201 is rotatably connected to the connecting frame 12.
[0031] It should be noted that micro solenoid valves are provided in the air inlet pipe 603 and the third gas transmission pipe 601.
[0032] A second communication pipe 7011 is fixedly connected to the clamping plate 7. The second communication pipe 7011 is communicated with the two clamping sacs 701. A third gas transmission pipe 601 is fixedly connected to the second communication pipe 7011. One end of the third gas transmission pipe 601 away from the clamping plate 7 is communicated with the pressure storage chamber 602.
[0033] Refer to Figure 8 , it should be noted that an electromagnetic pressure relief valve is provided on the second communication pipe 7011.
[0034] After the workpiece 11 is stably placed on the jaw plate 101, the electromagnetic pressure relief valve is opened. At this time, the protective gas in the two clamping sacs 701 will be input into the pressure storage chamber 602 through the second communication pipe 7011 and the third gas transmission pipe 601. The gas input into the pressure storage chamber 602 will be stored in the chamber. When the centering adjustment of the workpiece 11 is completed and cutting starts, the workpiece 11 gradually moves towards the laser head 3. The laser head 3 emits a laser beam to cut the workpiece 11. Refer to Figures 9 - 12 , during the movement of the workpiece 11, the solenoid valve on the air inlet pipe 603 is opened. At this time, the protective gas in the pressure storage chamber 602 will enter the sliding chamber 604 through the air inlet pipe 603. The gas entering at this time will squeeze the sliding plug 6041 to slide down. The sliding of the sliding plug 6041 will push the grinding roller 1201 to move down. When the grinding roller 1201 moves down a certain distance, the grinding roller 1201 will abut against the cutting surface of the workpiece 11. At this time, when the workpiece 11 moves, under the squeezing and friction of the grinding roller 1201, a frosted surface will be generated on the surface of the workpiece 11; the workpiece 11 is roughened by the grinding roller 1201, which can increase the roughness of the cutting surface of the workpiece 11, cause the laser beam to undergo diffuse reflection on the surface of the workpiece 11, and reduce the possibility of the laser beam being directly reflected into the laser head 3 and damaging the laser head 3.
[0035] Refer to Figures 7 - 10, during specific implementation, in order to further improve the cutting stability, a second air delivery pipe 601 is fixedly connected to the driving cylinder 6. The second air delivery pipe 601 is communicated with the sliding cavity 604, and the air outlet end of the second air delivery pipe 601 faces the laser head 3.
[0036] When the abrasive roller 1201 abuts against the cutting surface of the workpiece 11, the electromagnetic valve on the third air delivery pipe 601 is opened at this time. At this time, the gas discharged into the sliding cavity 604 through the pressure accumulation cavity 602 will also be ejected through the third air delivery pipe 601. At this time, the gas ejected through the third air delivery pipe 601 will blow on the contact surface between the laser beam and the workpiece 11. At this time, the cutting process is protected by the shielding gas, which can effectively prevent the workpiece 11 from oxidizing during the cutting process. At the same time, the blown shielding gas can disperse the plasma cloud generated by cutting and improve the utilization rate of the laser.
[0037] It should be noted that the shielding gas can be nitrogen.
[0038] It should also be noted that the amount of gas discharged from the pressure accumulation cavity 602 into the sliding cavity 604 through the air inlet pipe 603 is equal to the amount of gas ejected through the third air delivery pipe 601.
[0039] Refer to Figure 10 , Figure 11 , during specific implementation, a spring 6043 is fixedly connected to the sliding plug 6041, and the end of the spring 6043 away from the sliding plug 6041 is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the sliding cavity 604.
[0040] By providing the spring 6043, the sliding plug 6041 can be quickly reset.
[0041] Refer to Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , in some other embodiments, in order to prevent the clamping bladder 701 from being worn and thinned when clamping the workpiece 11, the following solution is adopted: the clamping bladder 701 is a wear-resistant air bladder; Refer to Figure 6 , Figure 7 , in some other embodiments, in order to prevent the second air delivery pipe 601 from being rigidly broken during the transfer of the workpiece 11, the following solution is adopted: the second air delivery pipe 601 is an elastic hose.
[0042] Embodiment 3: A laser cutting method, using a laser cutting machine, includes the following steps: Step 1: The universal robotic arm 2 drives the clamping plate 7 to clamp the workpiece 11 and places and installs the workpiece 11 on the fuselage 1; Step 2: When placing the workpiece 11, the fluorescence analyzer 801 detects the surface of the workpiece 11 and uploads the detection signal; Step 3: Rotate the rotating rod 1021 to drive the camera 4 so that the camera 4 faces the cross-section of the workpiece 11. The camera 4 takes a photo of the cross-section of the workpiece 11 and uploads the photo signal. Step 4: Based on the detection signal uploaded by the fluorescence analyzer 801, preliminarily determine the material of the workpiece 11. Then, based on the photo signal uploaded by the camera 4, determine the material of the workpiece 11 again. Step 5: Based on the photo signal uploaded by the camera 4, analyze and determine the offset distance of the workpiece 11, and push and adjust it through the electric push rod 9011 so that the workpiece 11 is centered directly below the laser head 3. Step 6: During laser cutting, the sliding plug 6041 slides downwards, pressing down the abrasive roller 1201 to pre-treat the surface of the workpiece 11. At the same time, the protective gas in the sliding cavity 604 is blown towards the cutting position of the laser head 3 through the third gas pipeline 601.
[0043] As mentioned above, only the specific preferred embodiments of the present invention are described, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and all should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. Laser cutting head, characterized in that, It includes multiple groups of laser heads (3) fixedly connected to the rotating plate (15). The multiple groups of laser heads (3) are evenly distributed on the rotating plate (15), and the laser heads (3) are used to cut the workpiece (11). It also includes a detection unit for detecting and analyzing the workpiece (11). After the detection unit detects and analyzes the workpiece (11), when the workpiece (11) is a non-high-reflectivity material, the rotating plate (15) is stationary, and the low-power laser head (3) at the bottom of the rotating plate (15) is placed directly above the workpiece (11). When the workpiece (11) is a high-reflectivity material, the rotating plate (15) drives the laser head (3) to rotate and switch, and the high-power laser head (3) at the bottom of the rotating plate (15) is placed directly above the workpiece (11).
2. The laser cutting machine includes the laser cutting head described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes: A fuselage (1) with a jaw plate (101) and a mounting bracket (10). The mounting bracket (10) is fixedly connected to the fuselage (1), and the rotating plate (15) is rotatably connected to the mounting bracket (10). A universal robotic arm (2) for transporting the workpiece (11). A clamping plate (7) connected to the driving end of the universal robotic arm (2). The detection unit includes a fluorescence analyzer (801) and a camera (4). The fluorescence analyzer (801) is fixedly connected to the clamping plate (7). When the clamping plate (7) clamps the workpiece (11), the detection end of the fluorescence analyzer (801) faces the workpiece (11). A rotating rod (1021) rotatably connected to the fuselage (1). A support rod (401) fixedly connected to the rotating rod (1021). The camera (4) is fixedly connected to the top of the support rod (401). A limit ring (9) connected to the fuselage (1). Multiple groups of adjusting rods (901) are fixedly connected to the limit ring (9), and the multiple groups of adjusting rods (901) are symmetrically arranged. An electric push rod (9011) is fixedly connected in the limit ring (9), and a guide wheel (1301) is connected to the driving end of the electric push rod (9011). The universal robotic arm (2) transports the workpiece (11) onto the jaw plate (101) of the fuselage (1) through the clamping plate (7). The fluorescence analyzer (801) analyzes and detects the surface of the workpiece (11) and sends the detection signal to the computer platform for comparison. The rotating rod (1021) rotates the camera (4) to photograph the cross-section of the installed workpiece (11) and transmits the photographed signal to the computer platform for secondary comparison.
3. The laser cutting machine according to claim 2, wherein A clamping bladder (701) is fixedly connected to the clamping plate (7). Two groups of clamping bladders (701) are symmetrically arranged. An air pump (5) is fixedly connected to the clamping plate (7). A first air pipe (501) is fixedly connected to the air output end of the air pump (5). One end of the first air pipe (501) away from the air pump (5) is fixedly connected to a first connecting pipe (5011), and the first connecting pipe (5011) is connected to the two groups of clamping bladders (701).
4. The laser cutting machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, A drive cylinder (6) is fixedly connected to the limiting ring (9). A pressure accumulation chamber (602) and a sliding chamber (604) are formed in the drive cylinder (6). The pressure accumulation chamber (602) is communicated with the sliding chamber (604) through an air inlet pipe (603). A sliding plug (6041) is slidably connected in the sliding chamber (604). A pressure rod (6042) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding plug (6041). A connecting frame (12) is fixedly connected to the pressure rod (6042). A grinding roller (1201) is rotatably connected to the connecting frame (12).
5. The laser cutting machine according to claim 2, wherein A U-shaped mounting plate (13) is fixedly connected to the driving end of the electric push rod (9011). The guide wheel (1301) is rotatably connected to the U-shaped mounting plate (13).
6. The laser cutting machine according to claim 4, wherein, A second communication pipe (7011) is fixedly connected to the clamping plate (7). The second communication pipe (7011) is communicated with two groups of clamping bags (701). A third air delivery pipe (601) is fixedly connected to the second communication pipe (7011). One end of the third air delivery pipe (601) far away from the clamping plate (7) is communicated with the pressure accumulation chamber (602).
7. The laser cutting machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, A second air delivery pipe (601) is fixedly connected to the drive cylinder (6). The second air delivery pipe (601) is communicated with the sliding chamber (604). The air outlet end of the second air delivery pipe (601) faces the laser head (3).
8. The laser cutting machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, A spring (6043) is fixedly connected to the sliding plug (6041). One end of the spring (6043) far away from the sliding plug (6041) is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the sliding chamber (604).
9. The laser cutting machine according to claim 7, wherein The clamping bag (701) is a wear-resistant air bag. The second air delivery pipe (601) is an elastic hose.
10. A laser cutting method, using the laser cutting machine according to claim 9, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: The universal robotic arm (2) drives the clamping plate (7) to clamp the workpiece (11) and then places and installs it on the fuselage (1). Step 2: When placing the workpiece (11), the fluorescence analyzer (801) detects the surface of the workpiece (11) and uploads the detection signal. Step 3: The rotating rod (1021) rotates the camera (4) to be opposite to the cross-section of the workpiece (11). The camera (4) takes a photo of the cross-section of the workpiece (11) and uploads the photo signal. Step 4: The computer platform makes a preliminary comparison based on the detection signal uploaded by the fluorescence analyzer (801) and the metal signal in the database, and preliminarily judges the material of the workpiece (11). Then, it makes a secondary comparison based on the photo signal uploaded by the camera (4) and the metal photo in the database, and judges the material of the workpiece (11) again. Step 5: According to the photo signal uploaded by the camera (4), analyze and judge the offset distance of the workpiece (11), and push and adjust it through the electric push rod (9011) to make the workpiece (11) centered directly below the laser head (3). Step 6: During laser cutting, the sliding plug (6041) slides downward, pressing down the grinding roller (1201) to pre-treat the surface of the workpiece (11). At the same time, the gas in the sliding chamber (604) blows towards the cutting position of the laser head (3) through the third air delivery pipe (601).