Automobile interior display system capable of being dynamically bent

Abstract

Embodiments of a dynamically bendable automotive interior display system are disclosed. In one or more embodiments, a system includes a display, a dynamically bendable cover substrate assembly disposed over the display, where the cover substrate assembly includes a cover substrate having a bend axis, and a reversible support attached to at least a portion of the cover substrate, where the bend axis of the cover substrate is substantially perpendicular to the bend axis of the cover substrate. And dynamically bending the cover substrate along the bending axis in a cycle from the first radius of curvature to the second radius of curvature and from the second radius of curvature to the first radius of curvature. In one or more embodiments, a system includes one or more frames that partially house a display and are attached to a cover substrate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application is a divisional application of Chinese national phase application 201980005733.5 of PCT international application PCT / US2019 / 065199 with a filing date of December 9, 2019.

[0002] This application claims the priority benefits of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 789,888 filed on January 8, 2019, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 789,513 filed on January 7, 2019, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 777,236 filed on December 10, 2018 under the Patent Law, relies on the content of these applications, and incorporates the same herein by reference in its entirety.

[0003] The present disclosure relates to a dynamically bendable cover substrate and an in-vehicle display system, and more particularly to a dynamically bendable in-vehicle display system having a reversely supportable member that dynamically bends the cover substrate at least sequentially from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature and then back to the first radius of curvature. Background Art

[0004] An in-vehicle system may include a surface incorporating a display and / or a touch panel and a cover substrate disposed above the display and / or the touch panel. It is desirable to change the shape of the surface, and more particularly to dynamically change the shape of the surface according to the viewer's needs or preferences. This dynamic movement should still allow the in-vehicle system to meet strict head impact test (HIT) requirements. In some cases, the cover substrate should not break after the impact of the HIT. Therefore, there is a need for a dynamically bendable cover substrate and an in-vehicle display system that exhibit improved head impact performance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] A first aspect of the present disclosure relates to a dynamically bendable cover substrate. In one or more embodiments, the cover substrate includes a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, a minor surface connecting the first major surface and the second major surface, a thickness, a width, a length, and a bending axis, the thickness being defined as the distance between the first major surface and the second major surface, the width being defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces orthogonal to the thickness, and the length being defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces orthogonal to both the thickness and the width, wherein the cover substrate can be dynamically bent about the bending axis in a repeating cycle from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature and from the second radius of curvature to the first radius of curvature.

[0006] A second aspect of the present disclosure relates to a display system, comprising: a display; a dynamically bendable cover substrate assembly disposed above the display; wherein the cover substrate assembly includes a cover substrate having a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, a secondary surface connecting the first major surface and the second major surface, a thickness, a width, a length, and a bending axis, the thickness being defined as the distance between the first major surface and the second major surface, the width being defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces orthogonal to the thickness, and the length being defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces orthogonal to both the thickness and the width; and a reversibly supportable member attached to at least a portion of the second major surface of the cover substrate to dynamically bend the cover substrate along the bending axis in a cycle from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature and from the second radius of curvature to the first radius of curvature.

[0007] A third aspect of the present disclosure relates to a display system, comprising: a first frame including a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite the first frame surface, and a frame edge, wherein the thickness is defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface, the frame width is defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces orthogonal to the frame thickness, and the frame length is defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces orthogonal to both the frame thickness and the frame width; a frame opening extending from the first frame surface to the second frame surface and surrounded by an inner surface connecting the first frame surface and the second frame surface; a display disposed in the frame opening within the inner surface; a dynamically bendable cover substrate disposed on the first frame surface and above the display, the cover substrate having a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, and a secondary surface connecting the first major surface and the second major surface, a thickness, a width, a length, and a bending axis, the thickness being defined as the distance between the first major surface and the second major surface, the width being defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces orthogonal to the thickness, and the length being defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces orthogonal to both the thickness and the width; and a reversibly supportable member attached to at least a portion of the second major surface to dynamically bend the cover substrate along the bending axis in a cycle from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature and from the second radius of curvature to the first radius of curvature.

[0008] In one or more embodiments, a display system includes a second frame that includes a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite the first frame surface, and a frame edge, where a thickness is defined as a distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface, a frame width is defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces that is orthogonal to the frame thickness, and a frame length is defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces that is orthogonal to the frame thickness and the frame width; a frame opening that extends from the first frame surface to the second frame surface and is surrounded by an inner surface connecting the first frame surface and the second frame surface; and a second display disposed in the frame opening within the inner surface of the second frame, where a reversibly supportable member is attached to the second frame surfaces of the first frame and the second frame and is positioned between the first frame and the second frame. In one or more embodiments, a bending axis is positioned between the first frame and the second frame.

[0009] As used herein, unless otherwise specified, in the case of using a display throughout the present disclosure, in addition to the display, a touch panel may be used alternatively or additionally.

[0010] Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the following detailed description, and those of ordinary skill in the art can partially understand the additional features and advantages according to the description, or can learn the additional features and advantages by practicing the embodiments described herein (including the following detailed description, claims, and accompanying drawings).

[0011] It should be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and characteristics of the scope of the patent application. The accompanying drawings are included to provide further understanding, and the accompanying drawings are incorporated into this specification and form a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate one or more embodiments and, together with the description, illustrate the principles and operations of the various embodiments. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0012] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a known dynamically bendable automotive interior display system, where the cover substrate has a first radius of curvature.

[0013] Figure 2A is Figure 1 a perspective view of the system, where the cover substrate has a second radius of curvature.

[0014] Figure 2B is Figure 2A an enlarged view of the system.

[0015] Figure 3A is a front view of a dynamically bendable automotive interior display system having a reversibly supportable member according to one or more embodiments.

[0016] Figure 3B Is Figure 3A The rear view of the system of

[0017] Figures 4A to 4B Is Figures 3A to 3B The top view of the system of

[0018] Figures 5A to 5C Illustrates an embodiment of a reversible support

[0019] Figures 6A to 6D Illustrates an embodiment of a reversible support

[0020] Figures 7A to 7B Illustrates a two-piece reversible support according to one or more embodiments

[0021] Figures 8A to 8B Illustrates a two-piece reversible support according to one or more embodiments

[0022] Figure 9A Illustrates a perspective front view of a dynamic automotive interior display system, where the cover substrate has a cold bend portion and dynamically bends from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature towards the passenger

[0023] Figure 9B Illustrates a perspective front view of a dynamic automotive interior display system, where the cover substrate has a cold bend portion and dynamically bends from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature towards the driver

[0024] Figure 10A Is a front view of a cold-bent glass article cover substrate having a plurality of bend portions, the plurality of bend portions having raised portions and at least one bending axis, and the cover substrate can be dynamically bent around at least one bending axis

[0025] Figure 10B Is Figure The perspective front view of the cold-bent glass article cover substrate shown

[0026] ​ Is ​ The top view of the cold-bent glass article cover substrate shown

[0027] ​ And ​ Illustrates a side view of a foldable cover substrate Detailed Description

[0028] Reference will now be made in detail to various embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings

[0029] In known display systems (e.g., ​The system 10) shown, the cover substrate in the dynamically bendable display system is not supported when the cover substrate is bent. As ​ shown, the cover substrate is partially attached to the frame to allow local dynamic bending in the unattached area 20, as ​ shown in ​ . ​ is a cover substrate having a first radius of curvature, while ​ illustrates a cover substrate that has been dynamically bent to have a second radius of curvature. As used herein, the term "radius of curvature" refers to the radius of curvature of the first major surface, the second major surface, or both the first and second major surfaces of the cover substrate adjacent to the bending axis (rather than the local radius of curvature). The radius of curvature is the minimum radius of curvature in a given configuration. Without sufficient support, there is a risk of increased local stress or local bending of the cover substrate during use (or when the cover substrate is dynamically bent) since the structural integrity is provided by the cover substrate alone. The lack of support at the bending axis results in low stiffness and reduced resistance during HIT.

[0030] A first aspect of the present disclosure relates to a dynamically bendable display system including a reversable support. In one or more embodiments, the reversable support is easily bendable, supplies local support to the cover substrate at the bending axis, and does not damage the cover substrate.

[0031] In one or more embodiments, the dynamically bendable automotive interior display system 100 includes a display 150 and a dynamically bendable cover substrate assembly (120, 130, and 140) disposed above the display. In an embodiment, the display herein may be replaced with a touch panel or may have touch functionality. In one or more embodiments, the system 100 includes an adhesive between the cover substrate assembly and the display. The cover substrate assembly of one or more embodiments includes a cover substrate 120 having a first major surface 121, a second major surface 122 opposite the first major surface, a secondary surface 126 connecting the first major surface and the second major surface, a thickness, a width, a length, and a bending axis 125. The thickness is defined as the distance between the first major surface and the second major surface, the width is defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces orthogonal to the thickness, and the length is defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces orthogonal to both the thickness and the width, and the bending axis 125 defines the bending axis. As used herein, the thickness (t) refers to the maximum thickness of the cover substrate. In one or more embodiments, the cover substrate includes a plurality of bending axes. The bending axis may extend across the entire width, the entire length, or the diagonal of the cover substrate.

[0032] The cover substrate may include an inorganic material and may include an amorphous substrate, a crystalline substrate, or a combination thereof. The cover substrate may be formed of man-made materials and / or naturally occurring materials (e.g., quartz and polymers). For example, in some cases, the cover substrate may be characterized as an organic material and may specifically be a polymer. Examples of suitable polymers include, but are not limited to: thermoplastics (including polystyrene (PS) (including styrene copolymers and blends)), polycarbonate (PC) (including copolymers and blends), polyesters (including copolymers and blends, and including polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene terephthalate copolymers), polyolefins (PO) and cyclic polyolefins (cyclic PO), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylic polymers (including polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) (including copolymers and blends)), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyetherimide (PEI), and blends of these polymers with each other. Other exemplary polymers include epoxy resins, styrene resins, phenolic resins, melamine resins, and silicone resins.

[0033] In some specific embodiments, the cover substrate may specifically exclude polymer, plastic, and / or metal substrates. In one or more embodiments, the refractive index presented by the substrate ranges from about 1.45 to about 1.55. In a specific embodiment, the average breaking strain of the cover substrate presented at the surface on one or more opposite major surfaces measured using a ball-ring test with at least 5, at least 10, at least 15, or at least 20 samples may be 0.5% or greater, 0.6% or greater, 0.7% or greater, 0.8% or greater, 0.9% or greater, 1% or greater, 1.1% or greater, 1.2% or greater, 1.3% or greater, 1.4% or greater, 1.5% or greater, or even 2% or greater. In a specific embodiment, the average breaking strain of the cover substrate presented at the surface on one or more opposite major surfaces is about 1.2%, about 1.4%, about 1.6%, about 1.8%, about 2.2%, about 2.4%, about 2.6%, about 2.8%, or about 3% or greater.

[0034] The elastic modulus (or Young's modulus) presented by a suitable cover substrate ranges from about 30 GPa to about 120 GPa. In some cases, the range of the elastic modulus of the substrate may be from about 30 GPa to about 110 GPa, from about 30 GPa to about 100 GPa, from about 30 GPa to about 90 GPa, from about 30 GPa to about 80 GPa, from about 30 GPa to about 70 GPa, from about 40 GPa to about 120 GPa, from about 50 GPa to about 120 GPa, from about 60 GPa to about 120 GPa, from about 70 GPa to about 120 GPa, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

[0035] In one or more embodiments, the cover substrate may include an amorphous substrate, which may include a glass article. The glass article may be strengthened or unstrengthened. Examples of suitable glass composition families for forming the glass article include soda-lime glass, alkali metal aluminosilicate glass, alkali metal-containing borosilicate glass, and alkali metal aluminoborosilicate glass. In one or more alternative embodiments, the cover substrate may include a crystalline substrate (e.g., a glass-ceramic article (which may be strengthened or unstrengthened)), or may include a single crystal structure (e.g., sapphire). In one or more specific embodiments, the cover substrate includes an amorphous substrate (e.g., glass) and a crystalline coating (e.g., a sapphire layer, a polycrystalline alumina layer, and / or a spinel (MgAl2O4) layer).

[0036] The cover substrate may generally be sheet-like, but other embodiments may utilize substrates that are curved or otherwise shaped or engraved. The cover substrate may generally be optically clear, transparent, and free of light scattering. In such embodiments, the average light transmittance exhibited by the cover substrate within the optical wavelength range may be about 85% or higher, about 86% or higher, about 87% or higher, about 88% or higher, about 89% or higher, about 90% or higher, about 91% or higher, or about 92% or higher. In one or more alternative embodiments, within the optical wavelength range, the cover substrate may be opaque, or the average light transmittance exhibited may be less than about 10%, less than about 9%, less than about 8%, less than about 7%, less than about 6%, less than about 5%, less than about 4%, less than about 3%, less than about 2%, less than about 1%, or less than about 0%. In some embodiments, these light transmittance values are total light transmittance values (taking into account the light transmittance through the two major surfaces of the substrate). Substrate 110 may optionally exhibit a color (e.g., white, black, red, blue, green, yellow, orange, etc.).

[0037] The cover substrate assembly also includes a reversibly supportable member that is attached to at least a portion of a second major surface of the cover substrate. The reversibly supportable member is capable of being dynamically bent, or of dynamically bending the cover substrate in a cycle from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature and from the second radius of curvature to the first radius of curvature along a bending axis. This sequence as described herein is a cycle. In one or more embodiments, the reversibly supportable member is capable of being dynamically bent, or of dynamically bending the cover substrate from a flat shape to a concave shape and then back to a flat shape (from the perspective of the first major surface) along a bending axis. In one or more embodiments, the reversibly supportable member is capable of being dynamically bent, or of dynamically bending the cover substrate from a flat shape to a convex shape and then back to a flat shape (from the perspective of the first major surface) along a bending axis. In one or more embodiments, the reversibly supportable member is capable of being dynamically bent, or of dynamically bending the cover substrate from a concave shape to a convex shape and then back to a concave shape (from the perspective of the first major surface) along a bending axis. In one or more embodiments, the reversibly supportable member is capable of being dynamically bent, or of dynamically bending the cover substrate from a convex shape to a concave shape and then back to a convex shape (from the perspective of the first major surface) along a bending axis.

[0038] In one or more embodiments, the first radius of curvature is greater than the second radius of curvature. In one or more embodiments, the first radius of curvature is 2 times, 3 times, 4 times, or 5 times greater than the second radius of curvature. In one or more specific embodiments, the first radius of curvature ranges from about 2500 mm to infinity (or covers the radius of curvature of the substrate in a flat configuration), or ranges from about 10000 mm to infinity. In one or more embodiments, the second radius of curvature is from about 20 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 20 mm to about 9000 mm, from about 20 mm to about 8000 mm, from about 20 mm to about 7000 mm, from about 20 mm to about 6000 mm, from about 20 mm to about 5000 mm, from about 20 mm to about 4000 mm, from about 20 mm to about 3000 mm, from about 20 mm to about 2000 mm, from about 20 mm to about 1000, from about 20 mm to about 750 mm, from about 20 mm to about 500 mm, from about 20 mm to about 250 mm, from about 50 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 75 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 100 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 200 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 300 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 400 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 500 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 600 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 700 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 800 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 900 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 1000 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 1100 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 1200 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 1300 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 1400 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 1500 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 1600 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 1700 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 1800 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 1900 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 2000 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 2100 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 2200 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 2300 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 2400 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 2500 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 3000 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 3500 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 4000 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 5000 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 7500 mm to about 10000 mm, from about 20 mm to about 1000 mm, or from about 400 mm to about 10000 mm.

[0039] In one or more embodiments where the first radius of curvature is about 10,000 mm or less, the cover substrate has a curvature and is then dynamically bent along a bending axis. In one or more embodiments, the cover substrate includes a cold-bent cover substrate. As used herein, the term "cold-bent" or "cold bending" refers to bending the cover substrate at a cold bending temperature that is less than the softening point of the glass. Typically, the cold bending temperature is room temperature. The term "cold bendable" refers to the ability of the cover substrate to be cold bent. In one or more embodiments, the cold-bent cover substrate may include a glass article or a glass-ceramic article, and the glass article or the glass-ceramic article may be strengthened as appropriate. In more embodiments, the cold-bent cover substrate is characterized by an asymmetric surface compressive stress between a first major surface 121 and a second major surface 122. In one or more embodiments, prior to the cold bending process or during cold bending, the respective compressive stresses in the first major surface 121 and the second major surface 122 of the cover substrate are substantially equal. In one or more embodiments where the cover substrate is not strengthened, prior to cold bending, the first major surface 121 and the second major surface 122 do not exhibit a perceptible compressive stress (CS). In one or more embodiments where the cover substrate has been strengthened (as described herein), prior to cold bending, the first major surface 121 and the second major surface 122 exhibit substantially equal compressive stresses relative to each other. In one or more embodiments, after cold bending, the CS on the surface having a concave shape after cold bending increases, while the CS on the surface having a convex shape after cold bending decreases. In other words, the CS on the concave surface is greater after cold bending than before cold bending. Without being bound by theory, the cold bending process increases the CS of the formed cover substrate to compensate for the tensile stress applied during cold bending. In one or more embodiments, the cold bending process causes the concave surface to experience compressive stress, while the surface that forms a convex shape after cold bending experiences tensile stress. The tensile stress experienced by the convex surface after cold bending results in a net reduction in the surface compressive stress, such that the compressive stress in the convex surface of the strengthened cover substrate after cold bending is less than the compressive stress on the same surface when the cover substrate is flat.

[0040] In one or more embodiments, the cover substrate may be a thermoformed glass article that is permanently bent and has the same CS for the first major surface and the second major surface.

[0041] In one or more embodiments, the cover substrate has a thickness (t) of about 1.5 mm or less. In one or more embodiments, the thickness (t) of the cover substrate is greater than about 0.125 mm (e.g., about 0.13 mm or greater, about 0.13 mm or greater, about 0.13 mm or greater, about 0.13 mm or greater, about 0.13 mm or greater, about 0.13 mm or greater, about 0.13 mm or greater, about 0.13 mm or greater, about 0.13 mm or greater, about 0.13 mm or greater, about 0.13 mm or greater, about 0.13 mm or greater, about 0.13 mm or greater, about 0.13 mm or greater).For example, the thickness range can be from about 0.01 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.02 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.03 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.04 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.05 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.06 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.07 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.08 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.09 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.1 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.15 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.2 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.25 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.3 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.35 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.4 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.45 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.55 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.6 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.65 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.7 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 1.4 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 1.3 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 1.2 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 1.1 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 1.05 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 1 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.95 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.9 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.85 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.8 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.75 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.7 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.65 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.6 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.55 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.5 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.4 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.3 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.2 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.1 mm, about 0.04 mm to about 0.07 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.4 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.3 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.2 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.1 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.05 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.95 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.9 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.85 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.8 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.75 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.7 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.65 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.6 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.55 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.5 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.4 mm, or about 0.3 mm to about 0.7 mm.

[0042] In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the cover substrate is substantially uniform because the bending axis has substantially the same thickness as other portions of the cover substrate. For example, the thickness variation of the cover substrate over the total surface area of the first major surface, the second major surface, or both the first and second major surfaces does not exceed ±10%, 5%, or 2%. In one or more embodiments, the thickness of 90%, 95%, or 99% of the total surface area of the first major surface, the second major surface, or both the first and second major surfaces is substantially constant (within ±1% of the average thickness).

[0043] In one or more embodiments, the width (W) of the cover substrate ranges from about 5 cm to about 250 cm, about 10 cm to about 250 cm, about 15 cm to about 250 cm, about 20 cm to about 250 cm, about 25 cm to about 250 cm, about 30 cm to about 250 cm, about 35 cm to about 250 cm, about 40 cm to about 250 cm, about 45 cm to about 250 cm, about 50 cm to about 250 cm, about 55 cm to about 250 cm, about 60 cm to about 250 cm, about 65 cm to about 250 cm, about 70 cm to about 250 cm, about 75 cm to about 250 cm, about 80 cm to about 250 cm, about 85 cm to about 250 cm, about 90 cm to about 250 cm, about 95 cm to about 250 cm, about 100 cm to about 250 cm, about 110 cm to about 250 cm, about 120 cm to about 250 cm, about 130 cm to about 250 cm, about 140 cm to about 250 cm, about 150 cm to about 250 cm, about 5 cm to about 240 cm, about 5 cm to about 230 cm, about 5 cm to about 220 cm, about 5 cm to about 210 cm, about 5 cm to about 200 cm, about 5 cm to about 190 cm, about 5 cm to about 180 cm, about 5 cm to about 170 cm, about 5 cm to about 160 cm, about 5 cm to about 150 cm, about 5 cm to about 140 cm, about 5 cm to about 130 cm, about 5 cm to about 120 cm, about 5 cm to about 110 cm, about 5 cm to about 110 cm, about 5 cm to about 100 cm, about 5 cm to about 90 cm, about 5 cm to about 80 cm, or about 5 cm to about 75 cm.

[0044] In one or more embodiments, the length (L) of the cover substrate ranges from about 5 cm to about 250 cm, about 10 cm to about 250 cm, about 15 cm to about 250 cm, about 20 cm to about 250 cm, about 25 cm to about 250 cm, about 30 cm to about 250 cm, about 35 cm to about 250 cm, about 40 cm to about 250 cm, about 45 cm to about 250 cm, about 50 cm to about 250 cm, about 55 cm to about 250 cm, about 60 cm to about 250 cm, about 65 cm to about 250 cm, about 70 cm to about 250 cm, about 75 cm to about 250 cm, about 80 cm to about 250 cm, about 85 cm to about 250 cm, about 90 cm to about 250 cm, about 95 cm to about 250 cm, about 100 cm to about 250 cm, about 110 cm to about 250 cm, about 120 cm to about 250 cm, about 130 cm to about 250 cm, about 140 cm to about 250 cm, about 150 cm to about 250 cm, about 5 cm to about 240 cm, about 5 cm to about 230 cm, about 5 cm to about 220 cm, about 5 cm to about 210 cm, about 5 cm to about 200 cm, about 5 cm to about 190 cm, about 5 cm to about 180 cm, about 5 cm to about 170 cm, about 5 cm to about 160 cm, about 5 cm to about 150 cm, about 5 cm to about 140 cm, about 5 cm to about 130 cm, about 5 cm to about 120 cm, about 5 cm to about 110 cm, about 5 cm to about 110 cm, about 5 cm to about 100 cm, about 5 cm to about 90 cm, about 5 cm to about 80 cm, or about 5 cm to about 75 cm.

[0045] In one or more embodiments, the cover substrate comprises a glass article or a glass-ceramic article, and the glass article or the glass-ceramic article may be strengthened. In one or more embodiments, the cover glass has a region of compressive stress (CS) extending from one or both of the main surfaces 121, 122 to a first depth of compression (DOC). The CS region includes a maximum CS value (CS max ). The glass article or the glass-ceramic has a CT region disposed in a central region extending from the DOC to the opposite CS region. The CT region defines a maximum CT value (CT max ). The CS region and the CT region define a stress distribution curve extending along the thickness of the glass article or the glass-ceramic.

[0046] In one or more embodiments, a glass article or a glass-ceramic article may be mechanically strengthened by taking advantage of a mismatch in the coefficients of thermal expansion between portions of the article to produce a region of compressive stress and a central region exhibiting tensile stress. In some embodiments, the cover glass may be thermally strengthened by heating the glass to a temperature above the glass transition point and then rapidly quenching it.

[0047] In one or more embodiments, a glass article or a glass-ceramic article may be chemically strengthened by ion exchange. In the ion-exchange process, ions at or near the surface of the glass article or the glass-ceramic article are replaced or exchanged by larger ions having the same valence or oxidation state. In those embodiments where the glass article or the glass-ceramic article comprises an alkali metal aluminosilicate glass, the ions in the surface layer of the article and the larger ions are monovalent alkali metal cations (such as Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+). Alternatively, the monovalent cations in the surface layer may be replaced by monovalent cations other than alkali metal cations (such as, Ag+ or the like). In such embodiments, the monovalent ions (or cations) exchanged into the glass article or the glass-ceramic article generate stress.

[0048] The ion-exchange process is typically carried out by immersing the glass article or the glass-ceramic article in one or more molten salt baths containing the larger ions to exchange with the smaller ions in the glass article or the glass-ceramic article. It should be noted that aqueous salt baths may also be utilized. Additionally, the composition of the bath may include more than one type of larger ion (such as, Na+ and K+) or a single larger ion. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the parameters for the ion-exchange process include, but are not limited to, the composition and temperature of the bath, the immersion time, the number of times the glass article or the glass-ceramic article is immersed in the salt bath (or baths), the use of multiple salt baths, additional steps (such as annealing, cleaning, and the like), and are generally determined by the composition of the glass article or the glass-ceramic article (including the structure of the article and any crystalline phases present) and the desired CS, DOC, and CT values of the glass article or the glass-ceramic article to be produced by strengthening. Exemplary molten bath compositions may include nitrates, sulfates, and chlorides of larger alkali metal ions. Typical nitrates include KNO3, NaNO3, LiNO3, NaSO4, and combinations thereof. Depending on the thickness of the glass article or the glass-ceramic article, the temperature of the bath, and the glass (or monovalent ion) diffusivity, the temperature of the molten salt bath is typically in the range of about 380 °C to about 450 °C, and the immersion time is in the range of about 15 minutes to about 100 hours. However, different temperatures and immersion times may also be used.

[0049] In one or more embodiments, a glass article or a glass-ceramic article can be immersed in a molten salt bath of 100% NaNO3, 100% KNO3, or a combination of NaNO3 and KNO3 having a temperature of about 370 °C to about 480 °C. In some embodiments, the glass article or the glass-ceramic article can be immersed in a molten mixed salt bath comprising about 1% to about 99% KNO3 and about 1% to about 99% NaNO3. In one or more embodiments, after immersion in the first bath, the glass article or the glass-ceramic article can be immersed in a second bath. The first and second baths can have different compositions and / or temperatures from each other. The immersion times in the first and second baths can be different. For example, the immersion time in the first bath can be longer than the immersion time in the second bath.

[0050] In one or more embodiments, a glass article or a glass-ceramic article can be immersed in a molten mixed salt bath comprising NaNO3 and KNO3 (such as 49% / 51%, 50% / 50%, 51% / 49%) having a temperature of less than about 420 °C (e.g., about 400 °C or about 380 °C) for less than about 5 hours, or even about 4 hours or less. In one or more embodiments, the cover glass is immersed in a first mixed molten salt bath (e.g., 75% KNO3 / 25% NaNO3) having a temperature of 430 °C for 8 hours, and then immersed in a second pure molten salt bath of KNO3 having a lower temperature than the first mixed molten salt bath for a shorter duration (e.g., about 4 hours). In one or more embodiments, chemical strengthening can be carried out by immersing the glass article or the glass-ceramic article in a first bath having a composition of 75% KNO3 and 25% NaNO3 and a bath temperature of 430 °C for 8 hours, and then immersing it in a second bath having a composition of 100% KNO3 and a bath temperature of 390 °C for 4 hours.

[0051] The ion exchange conditions can be trimmed to provide a "spike" or increase the slope of the stress distribution curve at or near the surface of the resulting glass article or glass-ceramic article. The spike may result in a greater surface CS value. Due to the unique properties of the glass compositions used in the glass articles or glass-ceramic articles described herein, this spike can be achieved by a single bath or multiple baths, where these baths have a single composition or a mixed composition.

[0052] In one or more embodiments, when more than one monovalent ion is exchanged into a glass article or a glass-ceramic article, different monovalent ions can be exchanged to different depths within the glass article or the glass-ceramic article (and generate different magnitudes of stress at different depths within the glass article or the glass-ceramic article). The relative depths of the stress-generating ions produced can be determined and result in different characteristics of the stress distribution curve.

[0053] In one or more embodiments, the CS of the glass article or the glass-ceramic articlemax is about 900 MPa or greater, about 920 MPa or greater, about 940 MPa or greater, about 950 MPa or greater, about 960 MPa or greater, about 980 MPa or greater, about 1000 MPa or greater, about 1020 MPa or greater, about 1040 MPa or greater, about 1050 MPa or greater, about 1060 MPa or greater, about 1080 MPa or greater, about 1100 MPa or greater, about 1120 MPa or greater, about 1140 MPa or greater, about 1150 MPa or greater, about 1160 MPa or greater, about 1180 MPa or greater, about 1200 MPa or greater, about 1220 MPa or greater, about 1240 MPa or greater, about 1250 MPa or greater, about 1260 MPa or greater, 1280 MPa or greater, or about 1300 MPa or greater. In one or more embodiments, CS maxranges from about 900 MPa to about 1500 MPa, about 920 MPa to about 1500 MPa, about 940 MPa to about 1500 MPa, about 950 MPa to about 1500 MPa, about 960 MPa to about 1500 MPa, about 980 MPa to about 1500 MPa, about 1000 MPa to about 1500 MPa, about 1020 MPa to about 1500 MPa, about 1040 MPa to about 1500 MPa, about 1050 MPa to about 1500 MPa, about 1060 MPa to about 1500 MPa, about 1080 MPa to about 1500 MPa, about 1100 MPa to about 1500 MPa, about 1120 MPa to about 1500 MPa, about 1140 MPa to about 1500 MPa, about 1150 MPa to about 1500 MPa, about 1160 MPa to about 1500 MPa, about 1180 MPa to about 1500 MPa, about 1200 MPa to about 1500 MPa, about 1220 MPa to about 1500 MPa, about 1240 MPa to about 1500 MPa, about 1250 MPa to about 1500 MPa, about 1260 MPa to about 1500 MPa, about 1280 MPa to about 1500 MPa, about 1300 MPa to about 1500 MPa, about 900 MPa to about 1480 MPa, about 900 MPa to about 1460 MPa, about 900 MPa to about 1450 MPa, about 900 MPa to about 1440 MPa, about 900 MPa to about 1420 MPa, about 900 MPa to about 1400 MPa, about 900 MPa to about 1380 MPa, about 900 MPa to about 1360 MPa, about 900 MPa to about 1350 MPa, about 900 MPa to about 1340 MPa, about 900 MPa to about 1320 MPa, about 900 MPa to about 1300 MPa, about 900 MPa to about 1280 MPa, about 900 MPa to about 1260 MPa, about 900 MPa to about 1250 MPa, about 900 MPa to about 1240 MPa, about 900 MPa to about 1220 MPa, about 900 MPa to about 1210 MPa, about 900 MPa to about 1200 MPa, about 900 MPa to about 1180 MPa, about 900 MPa to about 1160 MPa, about 900 MPa to about 1150 MPa, about 900 MPa to about 1140 MPa, about 900 MPa to about 1120 MPa, about 900 MPa to about 1100 MPa, about 900 MPa to about 1080 MPa, about 900 MPa to about 1060 MPa, about 900 MPa to about 1050 MPa, about 950 MPa to about 1050 MPa, or about 1000 MPa to about 1050 MPa. CS can be measured at the major surface max, or the CS can be found at a depth from the major surface within the CS region max .

[0054] In one or more embodiments, the stress profile curve of the glass article or glass-ceramic article has a CS value (CS10) of 800 MPa or greater at a depth of about 10 microns from the first major surface 102 within the glass article or glass-ceramic article. In one or more embodiments, CS10 is about 810 MPa or greater, about 820 MPa or greater, about 830 MPa or greater, about 840 MPa or greater, about 850 MPa or greater, about 860 MPa or greater, about 870 MPa or greater, about 880 MPa or greater, about 890 MPa or greater, or about 900 MPa or greater. In one or more embodiments, the range of CS10 is from about 800 MPa to about 1000 MPa, from about 825 MPa to about 1000 MPa, from about 850 MPa to about 1000 MPa, from about 875 MPa to about 1000 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1000 MPa, from about 925 MPa to about 1000 MPa, from about 950 MPa to about 1000 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 975 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 950 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 925 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 900 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 875 MPa, or from about 800 MPa to about 850 MPa.

[0055] In one or more embodiments, the stress distribution curve of the glass article or glass-ceramic article has a CS value (CS5) of 700 MPa or greater, or about 750 MPa or greater, at a depth of about 5 microns from the first major surface within the glass article. In one or more embodiments, CS5 is about 760 MPa or greater, about 770 MPa or greater, about 775 MPa or greater, about 780 MPa or greater, about 790 MPa or greater, about 800 MPa or greater, about 810 MPa or greater, about 820 MPa or greater, about 825 MPa or greater, or about 830 MPa or greater. In one or more embodiments, the range of CS5 is from about 700 MPa to about 900 MPa, from about 725 MPa to about 900 MPa, from about 750 MPa to about 900 MPa, from about 775 MPa to about 900 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 900 MPa, from about 825 MPa to about 900 MPa, from about 850 MPa to about 900 MPa, from about 700 MPa to about 875 MPa, from about 700 MPa to about 850 MPa, from about 700 MPa to about 825 MPa, from about 700 MPa to about 800 MPa, from about 700 MPa to about 775 MPa, from about 750 MPa to about 800 MPa, from about 750 MPa to about 850 MPa, or from about 700 MPa to about 750 MPa.

[0056] In one or more embodiments, the CT of the stress distribution curve of the glass article or glass-ceramic article max is present at or located at a depth within the range of about 0.25t to about 0.75t from the first major surface within the glass article or glass-ceramic article. In one or more embodiments, CT maxThe depth range in which it exists or is located is from about 0.25t to about 0.74t, from about 0.25t to about 0.72t, from about 0.25t to about 0.70t, from about 0.25t to about 0.68t, from about 0.25t to about 0.66t, from about 0.25t to about 0.65t, from about 0.25t to about 0.62t, from about 0.25t to about 0.60t, from about 0.25t to about 0.58t, from about 0.25t to about 0.56t, from about 0.25t to about 0.55t, from about 0.25t to about 0.54t, from about 0.25t to about 0.52t, from about 0.25t to about 0.50t, from about 0.26t to about 0.75t, from about 0.28t to about 0.75t, from about 0.30t to about 0.75t, from about 0.32t to about 0.75t, from about 0.34t to about 0.75t, from about 0.35t to about 0.75t, from about 0.36t to about 0.75t, from about 0.38t to about 0.75t, from about 0.40t to about 0.75t, from about 0.42t to about 0.75t, from about 0.44t to about 0.75t, from about 0.45t to about 0.75t, from about 0.46t to about 0.75t, from about 0.48t to about 0.50t, from about 0.30t to about 0.70t, from about 0.35t to about 0.65t, from about 0.4t to about 0.6t, or from about 0.45t to about 0.55t. In one or more embodiments, when the glass article or glass-ceramic article is in a substantially flat configuration (e.g., the radius of curvature of the cover glass is greater than about 5000 mm or greater than about 10000 mm), the CT max is located within the foregoing range.

[0057] In one or more embodiments, the CT max value is about 80 MPa or less, about 78 MPa or less, about 76 MPa or less, about 75 MPa or less, about 74 MPa or less, about 72 MPa or less, about 70 MPa or less, about 68 MPa or less, about 66 MPa or less, about 65 MPa or less, about 64 MPa or less, about 62 MPa or less, about 60 MPa or less, about 58 MPa or less, about 56 MPa or less, about 55 MPa or less, about 54 MPa or less, about 52 MPa or less, or about 50 MPa or less. In one or more embodiments, the CT maxThe magnitude ranges from about 40 MPa to about 80 MPa, about 45 MPa to about 80 MPa, about 50 MPa to about 80 MPa, about 55 MPa to about 80 MPa, about 60 MPa to about 80 MPa, about 65 MPa to about 80 MPa, about 70 MPa to about 80 MPa, about 40 MPa to about 75 MPa, about 40 MPa to about 70 MPa, about 40 MPa to about 65 MPa, about 40 MPa to about 60 MPa, about 40 MPa to about 55 MPa, or about 40 MPa to about 50 MPa. In one or more embodiments, when the glass article or glass-ceramic article is in a substantially flat configuration (e.g., the radius of curvature of the glass article or glass-ceramic article is greater than about 5000 mm or greater than about 10000 mm), the magnitude of CT max exists within the foregoing range.

[0058] In one or more embodiments, a portion of the stress distribution curve has a parabolic shape. In some embodiments, the stress distribution curve does not have a flat stress (i.e., compressive or tensile) portion or a portion presenting substantially constant stress (i.e., compressive or tensile). In some embodiments, the stress distribution curve presented by the CT region is substantially free of flat stress or substantially constant stress. In one or more embodiments, the stress distribution curve is substantially free of any straight-line segments extending along the depth direction or along at least a portion of the thickness t of the cover glass. In other words, the stress distribution curve increases or decreases substantially continuously along the thickness t. In some embodiments, the stress distribution curve is substantially free of any straight-line segments along the depth direction, and the length of the straight-line segment is about 10 microns or greater, about 50 microns or greater, or about 100 microns or greater, or about 200 microns or greater. As used herein, the term "straight line" refers to a slope having a magnitude of less than about 5 MPa / micron or less than about 2 MPa / micron along the straight-line segment. In some embodiments, one or more portions of the stress distribution curve existing at a depth of about 5 microns or greater (e.g., 10 microns or greater, or 15 microns or greater) from one or both of the first surface or the second surface in the cover glass are substantially free of any straight-line segments along the depth direction. For example, the stress distribution curve along the depth from about 0 microns to less than about 5 microns from the first surface may include straight-line segments, but the stress distribution curve at a depth of about 5 microns or greater from the first surface may be substantially free of straight-line segments.

[0059] In one or more embodiments, at a distance from CT maxAll points within the CT region at depths of 0.1t, 0.15t, 0.2t, or 0.25t include a tangent with a non-zero slope. In one or more embodiments, the magnitude of the slope of the tangent included by all such points is greater than about 0.5 MPa / micron, greater than about 0.75 MPa / micron, greater than about 1 MPa / micron, greater than about 1.5 MPa / micron, greater than about 2 MPa / micron, or greater than about 0.5 MPa / micron.

[0060] In one or more embodiments, all points of the stress distribution curve at a depth of about 0.12t or greater (e.g., about 0.12t to about 0.24t, about 0.14t to about 0.24t, about 0.15t to about 0.24t, about 0.16t to about 0.24t, about 0.18t to about 0.24t, about 0.12t to about 0.22t, about 0.12t to about 0.2t, about 0.12t to about 0.18t, about 0.12t to about 0.16t, about 0.12t to about 0.15t, about 0.12t to about 0.14t, or about 0.15t to about 0.2t) include a tangent with a non-zero slope.

[0061] In one or more embodiments, a glass article or a glass-ceramic article can be described based on the shape of the stress distribution curve along at least a portion of the CT region (112 in Figure 2). For example, in some embodiments, the stress distribution curve along most or the entire CT region can be approximated by an equation. In some embodiments, the stress distribution along the CT region can be approximated by Equation (1):

[0062] Stress(x) = CT max –(((CT max ·(n + 1)) / 0.5 n )·|(x / t) - 0.5| n )(1)

[0063] In Equation (1), Stress(x) is the stress value at position x. The stress here is positive (tensile). CT max is the maximum central tension of a positive value expressed in MPa. The value x is the position along the thickness (t) expressed in microns, where the range is from 0 to t; x = 0 is one surface (102 in Figure 2), x = 0.5t is the center of the glass article or the glass-ceramic article, where Stress(x) = CT max , and x = t is the opposite surface (104 in Figure 2). The CT used for Equation (1) maxThe range can be from about 40 MPa to about 80 MPa, and n is a fitting parameter from 1.5 to 5 (e.g., 2 to 4, 2 to 3, or 1.8 to 2.2), where n = 2 can provide a parabolic stress distribution curve, and an exponent deviating from n = 2 provides a stress distribution curve having a stress distribution curve close to the parabolic stress distribution curve.

[0064] In one or more embodiments, the DOC of the glass article or glass-ceramic article is about 0.2t or less. For example, the DOC can be about 0.18t or less, about 0.16t or less, about 0.15t or less, about 0.14t or less, about 0.12t or less, about 0.1t or less, about 0.08t or less, about 0.06t or less, about 0.05t or less, about 0.04t or less, or about 0.03t or less. In one or more embodiments, the DOC ranges from about 0.02t to about 0.2t, about 0.04t to about 0.2t, about 0.05t to about 0.2t, about 0.06t to about 0.2t, about 0.08t to about 0.2t, about 0.1t to about 0.2t, about 0.12t to about 0.2t, about 0.14t to about 0.2t, about 0.15t to about 0.2t, about 0.16t to about 0.2t, about 0.02t to about 0.18t, about 0.02t to about 0.16t, about 0.02t to about 0.15t, about 0.02t to about 0.14t, about 0.02t to about 0.12t, about 0.02t to about 0.1t, about 0.02t to about 0.08t, about 0.02t to about 0.06t, about 0.02t to about 0.05t, about 0.1t to about 0.8t, about 0.12t to about 0.16t, or about 0.14t to about 0.17t.

[0065] In one or more embodiments, the DOL of the glass article or glass-ceramic article ranges from about 10 microns to about 50 microns, about 12 microns to about 50 microns, about 14 microns to about 50 microns, about 15 microns to about 50 microns, about 16 microns to about 50 microns, about 18 microns to about 50 microns, about 20 microns to about 50 microns, about 22 microns to about 50 microns, about 24 microns to about 50 microns, about 25 microns to about 50 microns, about 26 microns to about 50 microns, about 28 microns to about 50 microns, about 30 microns to about 50 microns, about 10 microns to about 48 microns, about 10 microns to about 46 microns, about 10 microns to about 45 microns, about 10 microns to about 44 microns, about 10 microns to about 42 microns, about 10 microns to about 40 microns, about 10 microns to about 38 microns, about 10 microns to about 36 microns, about 10 microns to about 35 microns, about 10 microns to about 34 microns, about 10 microns to about 32 microns, about 10 microns to about 30 microns, about 10 microns to about 28 microns, about 10 microns to about 26 microns, about 10 microns to about 25 microns, about 20 microns to about 40 microns, about 25 microns to about 40 microns, about 20 microns to about 35 microns, or about 25 microns to about 35 microns. In one or more embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, at least a portion of the stress distribution curve includes a spike region 120 extending from the first major surface, a tail region 124, and a knee region 122 between the spike region and the tail region. The spike region 120 is within the CS region of the stress distribution curve.In one or more embodiments, the range of the magnitude of the slope of the tangent contained by all points of the stress distribution curve in the spike region is from about 15 MPa / micron to about 200 MPa / micron, from about 20 MPa / micron to about 200 MPa / micron, from about 25 MPa / micron to about 200 MPa / micron, from about 30 MPa / micron to about 200 MPa / micron, from about 35 MPa / micron to about 200 MPa / micron, from about 40 MPa / micron to about 200 MPa / micron, from about 45 MPa / micron to about 200 MPa / micron, from about 100 MPa / micron to about 200 MPa / micron, from about 150 MPa / micron to about 200 MPa / micron, from about 15 MPa / micron to about 190 MPa / micron, from about 15 MPa / micron to about 180 MPa / micron, from about 15 MPa / micron to about 170 MPa / micron, from about 15 MPa / micron to about 160 MPa / micron, from about 15 MPa / micron to about 150 MPa / micron, from about 15 MPa / micron to about 140 MPa / micron, from about 15 MPa / micron to about 130 MPa / micron, from about 15 MPa / micron to about 120 MPa / micron, from about 15 MPa / micron to about 100 MPa / micron, from about 15 MPa / micron to about 750 MPa / micron, from about 15 MPa / micron to about 50 MPa / micron, from about 50 MPa / micron to about 150 MPa / micron, or from about 75 MPa / micron to about 125 MPa / micron.

[0066] In one or more embodiments, the magnitude of the slope of the tangent included by all points in the tail region ranges from about 0.01 MPa / micron to about 3 MPa / micron, about 0.05 MPa / micron to about 3 MPa / micron, about 0.1 MPa / micron to about 3 MPa / micron, about 0.25 MPa / micron to about 3 MPa / micron, about 0.5 MPa / micron to about 3 MPa / micron, about 0.75 MPa / micron to about 3 MPa / micron, about 1 MPa / micron to about 3 MPa / micron, about 1.25 MPa / micron to about 3 MPa / micron, about 1.5 MPa / micron to about 3 MPa / micron, about 1.75 MPa / micron to about 3 MPa / micron, about 2 MPa / micron to about 3 MPa / micron, about 0.01 MPa / micron to about 2.9 MPa / micron, about 0.01 MPa / micron to about 2.8 MPa / micron, about 0.01 MPa / micron to about 2.75 MPa / micron, about 0.01 MPa / micron to about 2.7 MPa / micron, about 0.01 MPa / micron to about 2.6 MPa / micron, about 0.01 MPa / micron to about 2.5 MPa / micron, about 0.01 MPa / micron to about 2.4 MPa / micron, about 0.01 MPa / micron to about 2.2 MPa / micron, about 0.01 MPa / micron to about 2.1 MPa / micron, about 0.01 MPa / micron to about 2 MPa / micron, about 0.01 MPa / micron to about 1.75 MPa / micron, about 0.01 MPa / micron to about 1.5 MPa / micron, about 0.01 MPa / micron to about 1.25 MPa / micron, about 0.01 MPa / micron to about 1 MPa / micron, about 0.01 MPa / micron to about 0.75 MPa / micron, about 0.01 MPa / micron to about 0.5 MPa / micron, about 0.01 MPa / micron to about 0.25 MPa / micron, about 0.1 MPa / micron to about 2 MPa / micron, about 0.5 MPa / micron to about 2 MPa / micron, or about 1 MPa / micron to about 3 MPa / micron.

[0067] In one or more embodiments, the CS value in the spike region ranges from greater than about 200 MPa to about 1500 MPa. For example, the CS value in the spike region can range from about 250 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 300 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 350 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 400 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 450 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 500 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 550 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 600 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 750 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 850 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 950 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1000 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1050 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1100 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1200 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 1450 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 1400 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 1350 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 1300 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 1250 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 1200 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 1150 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 1100 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 1050 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 1000 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 950 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 90 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 850 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 800 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 750 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 700 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 650 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 600 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 550 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 500 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1400 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1300 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about The 1200 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1100 MPa, or from about 900 MPa to about 1050 MPa.

[0068] In one or more embodiments, the CS value in the knee region ranges from about 5 MPa to about 200 MPa, about 10 MPa to about 200 MPa, about 15 MPa to about 200 MPa, about 20 MPa to about 200 MPa, about 25 MPa to about 200 MPa, about 30 MPa to about 200 MPa, about 35 MPa to about 200 MPa, about 40 MPa to about 200 MPa, about 45 MPa to about 200 MPa, about 50 MPa to about 200 MPa, about 55 MPa to about 200 MPa, about 60 MPa to about 200 MPa, about 65 MPa to about 200 MPa, about 75 MPa to about 200 MPa, about 80 MPa to about 200 MPa, about 90 MPa to about 200 MPa, about 100 MPa to about 200 MPa, about 125 MPa to about 200 MPa, about 150 MPa to about 200 MPa, about 5 MPa to about 190 MPa, about 5 MPa to about 180 MPa, about 5 MPa to about 175 MPa, about 5 MPa to about 170 MPa, about 5 MPa to about 160 MPa, about 5 MPa to about 150 MPa, about 5 MPa to about 140 MPa, about 5 MPa to about 130 MPa, about 5 MPa to about 125 MPa, about 5 MPa to about 120 MPa, about 5 MPa to about 110 MPa, about 5 MPa to about 100 MPa, about 5 MPa to about 75 MPa, about 5 MPa to about 50 MPa, about 5 MPa to about 25 MPa, or about 10 MPa to about 100 MPa.

[0069] In one or more embodiments, the knee region of the stress distribution curve extends from the first major surface by about 10 microns to about 50 microns. For example, the knee region of the stress distribution curve extends from the first major surface by about 12 microns to about 50 microns, about 14 microns to about 50 microns, about 15 microns to about 50 microns, about 16 microns to about 50 microns, about 18 microns to about 50 microns, about 20 microns to about 50 microns, about 22 microns to about 50 microns, about 24 microns to about 50 microns, about 25 microns to about 50 microns, about 26 microns to about 50 microns, about 28 microns to about 50 microns, about 30 microns to about 50 microns, about 32 microns to about 50 microns, about 34 microns to about 50 microns, about 35 microns to about 50 microns, about 36 microns to about 50 microns, about 38 microns to about 50 microns, about 40 microns to about 50 microns, about 10 microns to about 48 microns, about 10 microns to about 46 microns, about 10 microns to about 45 microns, about 10 microns to about 44 microns, about 10 microns to about 42 microns, about 10 microns to about 40 microns, about 10 microns to about 38 microns, about 10 microns to about 36 microns, about 10 microns to about 35 microns, about 10 microns to about 34 microns, about 10 microns to about 32 microns, about 10 microns to about 30 microns, about 10 microns to about 28 microns, about 10 microns to about 26 microns, about 10 microns to about 25 microns, about 10 microns to about 24 microns, about 10 microns to about 22 microns, or about 10 microns to about 20 microns.

[0070] In one or more embodiments, the tail region extends from about the knee region to the depth of the CT max In one or more embodiments, the tail region includes one or both of a compressive stress tail region and a tensile stress tail region.

[0071] In one or more embodiments, either or both of the first major surface 121 and the second major surface 122 covering the substrate include a surface treatment. The surface treatment may cover at least a portion of the first major surface 121 and the second major surface 122. Exemplary surface treatments include an easy-to-clean surface, an anti-glare surface, an anti-reflection surface, a tactile surface, and a decorative surface. In one or more embodiments, at least a portion of the first major surface 121 and / or the second major surface 122 may include any one, any two, or all three of an anti-glare surface, an anti-reflection surface, a tactile surface, and a decorative surface. For example, the first major surface 121 may include an anti-glare surface, while the second major surface 122 may include an anti-reflection surface. In another example, the first major surface 121 includes an anti-reflection surface, while the second major surface 122 includes an anti-glare surface. In yet another example, the first major surface 121 includes one or both of an anti-glare surface and an anti-reflection surface, while the second major surface 122 includes a decorative surface.

[0072] An antiglare surface can be formed using an etching process and can exhibit a transmission haze of 20% or less (e.g., about 15% or less, about 10% or less). In one or more embodiments, the antiglare surface can have an image distinctness (DOI) of about 80 or less. As used herein, the terms “transmission haze” and “haze” refer to the percentage of transmitted light scattered outside the angular cone at about ±2.5° according to ASTM procedure D1003. For an optically smooth surface, the transmission haze is generally close to zero. The term “image distinctness” as used herein is defined by Method A of ASTM procedure D5767 (ASTM 5767), the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety under the title “Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Measurements of Distinctness-of-Image Gloss of Coating Surfaces”. According to Method A of ASTM 5767, substrate reflectance factor measurements are made on the antiglare surface at the specular viewing angle and at an angle slightly off the specular viewing angle. The values obtained from these measurements are combined to provide a DOI value. More specifically, DOI is calculated according to Equation (2)

[0073]

[0074] where Ros is the average relative reflectance intensity between 0.2° and 0.4° away from the specular reflection direction, and Rs is the average relative reflectance intensity in the specular reflection direction (between +0.05° and -0.05° centered on the specular reflection direction). If the input light source angle is +20° with respect to the sample surface normal (throughout this disclosure), and the surface perpendicular to the sample is considered 0°, then the measurement of the specularly reflected light Rs is considered as the average within the range of about -19.95° to -20.05°, and Ros is considered as the average reflectance intensity within the range of about -20.2° to -20.4° (or -19.6° to -19.8°, or the average of both of these ranges). The DOI value used herein should be directly interpreted as specifying the target ratio of Ros / Rs as defined herein. In some embodiments, the antiglare surface has a reflection scattering profile such that >95% of the reflected optical power is contained within a cone of + / -10°, where the cone is centered on the specular reflection direction for any input angle.

[0075] The surface roughness (Ra) of the anti-glare surface can be from about 10 nm to about 70 nm (e.g., from about 10 nm to about 68 nm, from about 10 nm to about 66 nm, from about 10 nm to about 65 nm, from about 10 nm to about 64 nm, from about 10 nm to about 62 nm, from about 10 nm to about 60 nm, from about 10 nm to about 55 nm, from about 10 nm to about 50 nm, from about 10 nm to about 45 nm, from about 10 nm to about 40 nm, from about 12 nm to about 70 nm, from about 14 nm to about 70 nm, from about 15 nm to about 70 nm, from about 16 nm to about 70 nm, from about 18 nm to about 70 nm, from about 20 nm to about 70 nm, from about 22 nm to about 70 nm, from about 24 nm to about 70 nm, from about 25 nm to about 70 nm, from about 26 nm to about 70 nm, from about 28 nm to about 70 nm, or from about 30 nm to about 70 nm). The anti-glare surface can include a textured surface having a plurality of recessed features, the recessed features having an opening outward from the surface. The average cross-sectional size of the opening can be about 30 microns or less (e.g., from about 2 microns to about 30 microns, from about 4 microns to about 30 microns, from about 5 microns to about 30 microns, from about 6 microns to about 30 microns, from about 8 microns to about 30 microns, from about 10 microns to about 30 microns, from about 12 microns to about 30 microns, from about 15 microns to about 30 microns, from about 2 microns to about 25 microns, from about 2 microns to about 20 microns, from about 2 microns to about 18 microns, from about 2 microns to about 16 microns, from about 2 microns to about 15 microns, from about 2 microns to about 14 microns, from about 2 microns to about 12 microns, or from about 8 microns to about 15 microns). In one or more embodiments, the anti-glare surface exhibits low flash (for low pixel power deviation reference or PPDr) (e.g., the PPDr is about 6% or less, 4% or less, 3% or less, 2% or less, or about 1% or less). As used herein, the terms “pixel power deviation reference” and “PPDr” refer to a quantitative measurement of display flash. Unless otherwise specified, the PPDr is measured using a display arrangement including a side-lit liquid crystal display screen (twisted nematic liquid crystal display) having an original sub-pixel pitch of 60 μm × 180 μm and a sub-pixel opening window size of about 44 μm × about 142 μm. The front surface of the liquid crystal display screen has a smooth anti-reflective linear polarizing film. To determine the PPDr of a display system or an anti-glare surface forming part of a display system, the screen is placed in the focal region of an “eye emulator” camera having parameters approximating those of a human observer's eye. Thus, the camera system includes a pore (or “pupil pore”) inserted in the optical path to adjust the light collection angle and thus approximate the pore of a human eye's pupil. In the PPDr measurement described herein, the iris aperture is set at an angle of 18 milliradians.

[0076] An antireflective surface can be formed by stacking multiple layers of coatings, and the multiple-layer coating stack is formed by alternating layers of a high refractive index material and a low refractive index material. Such a coating stack can include six or more layers. In one or more embodiments, the antireflective surface can have a unilateral average light reflectance of about 2% or less (e.g., about 1.5% or less, about 1% or less, about 0.75% or less, about 0.5% or less, or about 0.25% or less) in the optical wavelength region ranging from about 400 nm to about 800 nm. The average reflectance is measured at incident illumination angles greater than about 0 degrees to less than about 10 degrees.

[0077] The decorative surface can include any aesthetic design formed by pigments (such as inks, paints, and the like), and can include a wood grain design, a brushed metal design, a graphic design, a portrait, or a logo. In one or more embodiments, the decorative surface presents a seamless surface effect, where the decorative surface hides or covers the underlying display when the display is off, but allows viewing of the display when the display is on. The decorative surface can be printed onto a glass substrate. In one or more embodiments, the antiglare surface includes an etched surface. In one or more embodiments, the antireflective surface includes a multiple-layer coating. In one or more embodiments, the easy-to-clean surface includes an oil-resistant coating that imparts fingerprint-resistant properties. In one or more embodiments, the tactile surface includes a raised or recessed surface formed by depositing a polymer or glass material on the surface to provide tactile feedback to the user when touched.

[0078] In one or more embodiments, the surface treatment (i.e., the easy-to-clean surface, the antiglare surface, the antireflective surface, the tactile surface, and / or the decorative surface) is provided on at least a portion of the perimeter of the first and / or second major surfaces, while the interior portion of such a surface is substantially free of surface treatment.

[0079] ​ An embodiment of dynamically bending an in-vehicle display system 100 is illustrated. The in-vehicle display system 100 has a cover substrate 120 disposed above a display (not shown), and the cover substrate 120 has a first major surface and a second major surface opposite the first major surface. The system 100 includes a reversibly support member 140 attached to the second major surface. The second major surface of the cover substrate is adjacent to the display. The reversibly support member dynamically bends the cover substrate from a first radius of curvature (as ​ shown) to a second radius of curvature (as ​ shown), and then bends it back to the first radius of curvature.

[0080] ​ and ​ respectively illustrate ​ and ​ top views of the system 100 shown as ​As shown, when dynamically bent, the reversibly supportable member 140 at least partially contacts the cover substrate. In one or more embodiments, the reversibly supportable member may be attached to the cover substrate by adhesion or local contact.

[0081] In one or more embodiments, the reversibly supportable member is a single component. In one or more embodiments, the reversibly supportable member may be articulated or corrugated. In one or more specific embodiments, the reversibly supportable member may be an articulated support or a segmented support (e.g., ​ as shown (element symbols 140A, 140B, and 140C)). The reversibly supportable member 140A is a metallic segmented support having a tubular configuration. The reversibly supportable member 140B is a continuous track where a continuous tread or track plate is driven by two or more wheels. The reversibly supportable member 140C is a bendable material having segments that allow local bending along the length of the support.

[0082] In one or more specific embodiments, the reversibly supportable member may be a corrugated support (e.g., ​ as shown (element symbols 140D, 140E, 140F, and 140G)). Such a corrugated support is not articulated but includes geometric undulations. The material for the reversibly supportable member may be metal or polymer (e.g., plastic and / or rubber) or a combination thereof. The reversibly supportable member 140D is a corrugated panel. The reversibly supportable member 140E is a corrugated tube. The reversibly supportable member 140F is an accordion rubber material. The reversibly supportable member 140G utilizes metal support rods to reinforce the rubber.

[0083] In one or more embodiments, the reversibly supportable member includes more than one component. For example, as ​ and ​ shown, the reversibly supportable member includes two interfaces. ​ Illustrated is a reversibly supportable member 140 having a support component 142 and an articulated component 144 that forms two interfaces 146, 148. ​ Illustrated is the reversibly supportable member when the cover substrate has a first radius of curvature. ​ Illustrated is the reversibly supportable member when the cover substrate is dynamically bent to have a second radius of curvature. The materials at the two interfaces may be adhered to each other or may be separate components (as shown in ​ and ​ respectively). In ​ , the articulated component 144 is adhered to the support component 142. In ​In this case, the hinge member 144 is adhered to the cover substrate 120. The reversible support members shown in these embodiments can be made of a metal or polymer (e.g., plastic and / or rubber) material. In one or more embodiments, the reversible support member can be a spring (which can be a steel spring). In one or more embodiments, the reversible support member can be a corrugated or accordion-like material (e.g., a mesh polymer).

[0084] As described herein, when the cover substrate is dynamically bent in a cycle, the reversible support member can provide continuous or regular support to the cover substrate. An in-vehicle display system including such a reversible support member can meet the HIT requirements at any point in the cycle (including the bending axis of the cover substrate affected during HIT).

[0085] In one or more embodiments, the reversible support member contacts the entire second major surface of the cover substrate. The material of the reversible support member is not limited as long as the cover substrate can be dynamically bent along the cycle. In some embodiments, the material can be described as being elastic.

[0086] In one or more embodiments, the bending axis is positioned at a width location along the first and second major surfaces of the cover substrate within a range of from about 0.1* width to about 0.9* width (e.g., 0.2* width to about 0.9* width, 0.25* width to about 0.9* width, 0.3* width to about 0.9* width, 0.* width to about 0.9* width, 0.5* width to about 0.9* width, 0.6* width to about 0.9* width, 0.75* width to about 0.9* width, 0.1* width to about 0.8* width, 0.1* width to about 0.75* width, 0.1* width to about 0.6* width, 0.1* width to about 0.5* width, 0.25* width to about 0.75* width, or 0.4* width to about 0.6* width).

[0087] In one or more embodiments, the bending axis is positioned at a length location along the first and second major surfaces of the cover substrate within a range of from about 0.1* length to about 0.9* length (e.g., 0.2* length to about 0.9* length, 0.25* length to about 0.9* length, 0.3* length to about 0.9* length, 0.* length to about 0.9* length, 0.5* length to about 0.9* length, 0.6* length to about 0.9* length, 0.75* length to about 0.9* length, 0.1* length to about 0.8* length, 0.1* length to about 0.75* length, 0.1* length to about 0.6* length, 0.1* length to about 0.5* length, 0.25* length to about 0.75* length, or 0.4* length to about 0.6* length).

[0088] In one or more embodiments, an in-vehicle display system can meet the HIT requirements. For example, when an impactor with a mass of 6.8 kg impacts the first main surface covering the substrate at an impact speed of 5.35 m / s to 6.69 m / s, the deceleration of the impactor is 120 g (gravity) or less. In one or more embodiments, during the impact time, for any 3 ms interval, the deceleration of the impactor is not greater than 80 g.

[0089] In one or more embodiments, after the first main surface is impacted at the impact location by the impactor, the covering substrate is substantially free of local bending at the impact location. In one or more specific embodiments, after the first main surface is impacted at the impact location by the impactor, the covering substrate bends at the bending axis. In some embodiments, after the first main surface is impacted at the impact location by the impactor, the covering substrate is substantially free of an anticlastic effect.

[0090] In one or more embodiments, the covering substrate can be dynamically bent along the bending axis for more than 100 cycles (e.g., about 500 cycles or more, about 1000 cycles or more, about 2000 cycles or more, about 5000 cycles or more, about 10000 cycles or more, about 20000 cycles or more, about 30000 cycles or more, about 40000 cycles or more, about 50000 cycles or more, about 60000 cycles or more, about 70000 cycles or more, about 80000 cycles or more, about 90000 cycles or more, about 100000 cycles or more, about 150000 cycles or more, about 200000 cycles or more, or about 500000 cycles or more) without breakage (e.g., fracture or rupture). In one or more specific embodiments, the covering substrate can be dynamically bent along the bending axis for more than 100 cycles (e.g., about 500 cycles or more, about 1000 cycles or more, about 2000 cycles or more, about 5000 cycles or more, about 10000 cycles or more, about 20000 cycles or more, about 30000 cycles or more, about 40000 cycles or more, about 50000 cycles or more, about 60000 cycles or more, about 70000 cycles or more, about 80000 cycles or more, about 90000 cycles or more, about 100000 cycles or more, about 150000 cycles or more, about 200000 cycles or more, or about 500000 cycles or more) without delamination between the covering substrate system and the display.

[0091] In one or more embodiments, the display is dynamically bendable. In such embodiments, the reversibly support member dynamically bends the display as the reversibly support member dynamically bends the cover substrate along a bending axis in a cycle. In one or more embodiments, the display is dynamically bent along a cycle. In one or more embodiments, the display may be a liquid crystal display, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, a transmissive display, or other display. In one or more embodiments, the display is bent in an initial state and has a first radius of curvature, and may be dynamically bent to have a radius of curvature smaller or larger than the first radius of curvature. In one or more embodiments, the cover substrate exhibits the same curvature in an initial state and may be dynamically bent along with the display. In one or more embodiments, the display is permanently bent, while the cover substrate may be dynamically bent in a region not disposed above the display.

[0092] In one or more embodiments, a dynamically bendable automotive interior display system includes: a first frame including a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite the first frame surface, and a frame edge, the thickness defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface, the frame width defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces orthogonal to the frame thickness, the frame length defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces orthogonal to the frame thickness and the frame width; a frame opening extending from the first frame surface to the second frame surface and surrounded by an inner surface connecting the first frame surface and the second frame surface. The display 150 is disposed in the frame opening within the inner surface. In one or more embodiments, the dynamically bendable cover substrate described herein is disposed on the first frame surface and above the display. In such embodiments, the reversibly support member is attached to at least a portion of the second frame surface and dynamically bends the cover substrate along a bending axis in a cycle from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature and from the second radius of curvature to the first radius of curvature.

[0093] In one or more embodiments, the display system may include more than one frame. For example, the system may include a second frame (such as ​As shown, the second frame has a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite the first frame surface, and a frame edge. The thickness is defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface. The frame width is defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces orthogonal to the frame thickness. The frame length is defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces orthogonal to the frame thickness and the frame width. The frame opening extends from the first frame surface to the second frame surface and is surrounded by an inner surface connecting the first frame surface and the second frame surface. The second display may be disposed in the frame opening within the inner surface of the second frame. In one or more embodiments, the reversibly supportable member is attached to the second frame surfaces of the first frame and the second frame and is positioned between the first frame and the second frame.

[0094] In one or more embodiments, the bending axis is positioned between the first frame and the second frame.

[0095] ​ and ​ Perspective front view of an illustrated dynamic automotive interior display system, where the cover substrate has cold-bent portions and dynamically bends from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature respectively towards the passenger and towards the driver. As ​ shown, system 200 includes a cover substrate that dynamically bends from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature along bending axis 201. Display 202 is disposed below a portion of the cover substrate that does not dynamically bend, and a display (not shown) may be disposed on a portion of the cover substrate that is dynamically bent. In ​ system 210 includes a cover substrate that dynamically bends from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature along bending axis 211. Display 212 is disposed below a portion of the cover substrate that is dynamically bent, and an optional display (not shown) may be disposed on a portion of the cover substrate that does not dynamically bend.

[0096] ​ Illustrated are different views of cover substrate 300 having a first major surface 301, an opposite second major surface 302, and more than one curved portion (e.g., 310, 312, 314, 316, and 318). From the perspective of the first major surface 301, the curved portions form concave surfaces and convex surfaces. Specifically, curved portions 310, 314, and 316 form concave surface shapes, while curved portions 312 and 318 form convex surface shapes. Without being bound by theory, the number of curved portions and / or shapes (convex or concave) formed and the combination and sequence of such curved portions and shapes are not limited.

[0097] In one or more embodiments, the bent portions are separated by a substantially unbent (or flat) 320. In one or more embodiments, the flat portion manages the competing local stresses caused by adjacent curvatures (especially where the adjacent curvatures are in opposite directions). In one or more embodiments, the length of the flat portion ranges from about 10 mm to about 100 mm, about 20 mm to about 100 mm, about 30 mm to about 100 mm, about 40 mm to about 100 mm, about 50 mm to about 100 mm, about 60 mm to about 100 mm, about 10 mm to about 90 mm, about 10 mm to about 80 mm, about 10 mm to about 70 mm, about 10 mm to about 60 mm, about 10 mm to about 50 mm, or about 25 mm to about 75 mm. In one or more embodiments, the bent substrate has more than one bending axis (e.g., two or more or three or more bending axes). For example, ​ has two bending axes 330, 340. In the illustrated embodiment, the bending axes 330, 340 are embodiments where portions of the cover substrate are dynamically bent and substantially perpendicular; however, they can be horizontal, diagonal, or in any other direction. In one or more embodiments, the subsurface 326 at the portion of the cover substrate that is dynamically bent (indicated by the dashed circles) is located outside the region of the cover substrate that is subject to the type of impact measured by HIT. In one or more embodiments, the subsurface 326 at the portion of the cover substrate that is dynamically bent (indicated by the dashed circles) is located within the region of the cover substrate that is subject to the type of impact measured by HIT; however, the reversibly supportable member can fold when impacted. In one or more embodiments, one or more bending axes are positioned to reduce the stress on the subsurface of the dynamically bent cover substrate. In one or more embodiments, one or more bending axes can be positioned along the shortest length or width dimension of the cover substrate to minimize the stress applied to the cover substrate.

[0098] In one or more embodiments, the bent substrate 300 can be dynamically bent from a flat shape to a convex shape around the bending axis in a single cycle, and then back to the flat shape, from the flat shape to a concave shape, and then back to the flat shape, from the concave shape to a convex shape, and then back to the concave shape, from the convex shape to a concave shape, and then back to the convex shape, from the concave shape to the flat shape, and then back to the concave shape, from the convex shape to the flat shape, and then back to the convex shape, from the concave shape to the flat shape and then to the convex shape, or from the convex shape to the flat shape and then to the concave shape. As ​ and ​As shown, in one or more embodiments, the cover substrate can be folded and can be dynamically bent about a bending axis 350 such that a first radius of curvature measured from one of the first or second major surfaces is flat, while a second radius of curvature (measured from the same first or second major surface from which the first radius of curvature is measured) is less than 500 mm, less than 400 mm, less than 300 mm, less than 200 mm, less than 100 mm, or less than 50 mm. In one or more embodiments, as the cover substrate is bent, the underlying display is dynamically bent. The first and second radii of curvature can vary depending on the desired distance 360 between the folded portions of the cover substrate. As ​ shown, the second radius of curvature can be minimized, but the distance 360 may increase. As ​ shown, the second radius of curvature can be reduced, but the distance 360 may increase.

[0099] In one or more embodiments, the cover substrate can be dynamically bent along the bending axis into such a shape for more than 100 cycles (e.g., about 500 cycles or more, about 1000 cycles or more, about 2000 cycles or more, about 5000 cycles or more, about 10000 cycles or more, about 20000 cycles or more, about 30000 cycles or more, about 40000 cycles or more, about 50000 cycles or more, about 60000 cycles or more, about 70000 cycles or more, about 80000 cycles or more, about 90000 cycles or more, about 100000 cycles or more, about 150000 cycles or more, about 200000 cycles or more, or about 500000 cycles or more) without breakage (e.g., fracture or cracking). In one or more specific embodiments, the cover substrate is capable of being dynamically bent along the bending axis for more than 100 cycles (e.g., about 500 cycles or more, about 1000 cycles or more, about 2000 cycles or more, about 5000 cycles or more, about 10000 cycles or more, about 20000 cycles or more, about 30000 cycles or more, about 40000 cycles or more, about 50000 cycles or more, about 60000 cycles or more, about 70000 cycles or more, about 80000 cycles or more, about 90000 cycles or more, about 100000 cycles or more, about 150000 cycles or more, about 200000 cycles or more, or about 500000 cycles or more) without delamination occurring between the cover substrate system and the display.

[0100] One or more displays may be positioned adjacent to the second major surface 302. In one or more embodiments, as the cover substrate is dynamically bent, the display may be dynamically bent. In other words, dynamically bending the cover substrate causes the underlying display to dynamically bend about the bending axis about which the cover system is bent.

[0101] In one or more embodiments, the bent and unbent portions of the cover glass may be the same in size and shape, or may be different from each other in size and / or shape. In one or more embodiments, the dynamically bent portion of the cover substrate may have greater length and width dimensions than the portion of the cover substrate that is not dynamically bent.

[0102] In one or more embodiments, the secondary surface 326 may have a non-planar profile. For example, the secondary surface may have a 2.5D shape, a "C" shape, or a 0.65D shape, or may include one or more chamfers.

[0103] Aspect (1) relates to a dynamically bendable cover substrate comprising: a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, a secondary surface connecting the first major surface and the second major surface, a thickness, a width, a length, and a bending axis, the thickness being defined as the distance between the first major surface and the second major surface, the width being defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces orthogonal to the thickness, and the length being defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces orthogonal to both the thickness and the width, wherein the cover substrate may be dynamically bent about the bending axis in a repeating cycle from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature and from the second radius of curvature to the first radius of curvature.

[0104] Aspect (2) relates to the cover substrate of aspect (1), wherein the cover substrate comprises a strengthened glass article.

[0105] Aspect (3) relates to the cover substrate of aspect (2), further comprising: a compressive stress (CS) region extending from the first major surface to a depth of compression (DOC), the CS region comprising a maximum CS magnitude (CS max ) of about 900 MPa or greater and a CS magnitude of 750 MPa or greater at a depth of about 5 microns; and a central tension (CT) region having a maximum CT magnitude (CT max ), and disposed at a depth within a range of about 0.25t to about 0.75t from the first major surface, wherein the CS region and the CT region define a stress distribution curve along the thickness.

[0106] Aspect (4) relates to the cover substrate of aspect (3), wherein the CT max magnitude is about 80 MPa or less.

[0107] Aspect (5) relates to a cover substrate of aspect (3) or aspect (4), wherein all points in the CT region within a depth of 0.1t from CT max include a tangent line with a non-zero slope.

[0108] Aspect (6) relates to a cover substrate of any one of aspects (3) to (5), wherein the DOC is about 0.2t or less.

[0109] Aspect (7) relates to the cover substrate of aspect (6), wherein the DOC is about 0.1t or less.

[0110] Aspect (8) relates to a cover substrate of any one of aspects (3) to (7), wherein CT max is disposed at a depth within a range of about 0.4t to about 0.6t from the first major surface.

[0111] Aspect (9) relates to a cover substrate of any one of aspects (3) to (8), wherein at least a portion of the stress distribution curve includes a spike region, a tail region, and a knee region between the spike region and the tail region extending from the first major surface, wherein all points in the stress distribution curve in the spike region include a tangent line with a slope having a magnitude in the range of about 15 MPa / micron to about 200 MPa / micron, while all points in the tail region include a tangent line with a slope having a magnitude in the range of about 0.01 MPa / micron to about 3 MPa / micron.

[0112] Aspect (10) relates to the cover substrate of aspect (9), wherein the CS magnitude in the spike region is in the range of greater than 200 MPa to about 1500 MPa.

[0113] Aspect (11) relates to the cover substrate of aspect (9) or aspect (10), wherein the knee region includes a CS value in the range of about 5 MPa to about 200 MPa.

[0114] Aspect (12) relates to the cover substrate of aspect (9) or aspect (10), wherein the knee region extends from the first major surface by about 10 microns to about 50 microns.

[0115] Aspect (13) relates to a cover substrate of any one of aspects (9) to (12), wherein the tail region extends from about the knee region to the depth of CT max .

[0116] Aspect (14) relates to a cover substrate of any one of aspects (9) to (13), wherein the tail region includes one or both of a compressive stress tail region and a tensile stress tail region.

[0117] Aspect (15) relates to a cover substrate of any one of aspects (1) to (14), where t is in the range of about 0.05 mm to about 2 mm.

[0118] Aspect (16) relates to a cover substrate of any one of aspects (1) to (15), where one or both of the first major surface and the second major surface include a surface treatment.

[0119] Aspect (17) relates to the cover substrate of aspect (16), where the surface treatment covers at least a portion of the first major surface and the second major surface.

[0120] Aspect (18) relates to the cover substrate of aspect (16) or aspect (17), where the surface treatment includes any one of an easy-to-clean surface, an anti-glare surface, an anti-reflection surface, a tactile surface, and a decorative surface.

[0121] Aspect (19) relates to the cover substrate of aspect (18), where the surface treatment includes at least two of any one of an easy-to-clean surface, an anti-glare surface, an anti-reflection surface, a tactile surface, and a decorative surface.

[0122] Aspect (20) relates to the cover substrate of aspect (19), where one of the first major surface and the second major surface includes an anti-glare surface, and the other of the first major surface and the second major surface includes an anti-reflection surface.

[0123] Aspect (21) relates to the cover substrate of aspect (19), where the first major surface includes one or both of an anti-glare surface and an anti-reflection surface, and the second major surface includes a decorative surface.

[0124] Aspect (22) relates to the cover substrate of aspect (19), where the first major surface includes an anti-reflection surface, and the second major surface includes one or both of an anti-glare surface and a decorative surface.

[0125] Aspect (23) relates to the cover substrate of aspect (19), where the decorative surface is provided on at least a portion of the periphery, and the interior portion is substantially free of the decorative surface.

[0126] Aspect (24) relates to the cover substrate of any one of aspects (19) to (23), where the decorative surface includes any one of a wood grain design, a brushed metal design, a graphic design, a portrait, and a logo.

[0127] Aspect (25) relates to the cover substrate of any one of aspects (19) to (24), where the anti-glare surface includes an etched surface, and where the anti-reflection surface includes a multi-layer coating.

[0128] Aspect (26) relates to the cover substrate of any one of aspects (1) to (25), where the cover substrate substantially does not include a crack-resistant film.

[0129] Aspect (27) relates to a cover substrate of any one of aspects (2) to (26), wherein when the glass article is bent from a first position to a second position, the CS at the first major surface max increases by more than about 8%.

[0130] Aspect (28) relates to a cover substrate of any one of aspects (2) to (27), wherein when the glass article is bent from a first position to a second position having a radius of curvature of about 500 mm, the DOC increases by more than about 300%, while the second depth of compression (DOC2) measured from the second major surface decreases by less than 15%.

[0131] Aspect (29) relates to a cover substrate of any one of aspects (2) to (28), wherein when the glass article is bent from a first position to a second position having a radius of curvature of about 250 mm, the DOC increases by more than about 600%, while the second depth of compression (DOC2) measured from the second major surface decreases by less than about 25%.

[0132] Aspect (30) relates to the cover substrate of aspect (29), wherein the CT max increases by 250% or less.

[0133] Aspect (31) relates to the cover substrate of aspect (29), wherein the CT max increases by 400% or less.

[0134] Aspect (32) relates to a cover substrate of any one of aspects (1) to (31), wherein the first radius of curvature is greater than the second radius of curvature.

[0135] Aspect (33) relates to a display system, comprising: a display; a dynamically bendable cover substrate assembly disposed above the display; wherein the cover substrate assembly comprises a cover substrate having a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, a secondary surface connecting the first major surface and the second major surface, a thickness, a width, a length, and a bending axis, the thickness being defined as the distance between the first major surface and the second major surface, the width being defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces orthogonal to the thickness, and the length being defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces orthogonal to both the thickness and the width; and a reversibly support member attached to at least a portion of the second major surface of the cover substrate to dynamically bend the cover substrate about the bending axis in a repeated cycle from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature and from the second radius of curvature to the first radius of curvature.

[0136] Aspect (34) relates to the display system of aspect (33), wherein when an impactor with a mass of 6.8 kg impacts the first main surface at an impact speed of 5.35 m / s to 6.69 m / s, the deceleration of the impactor is 120 g (gravity) or less.

[0137] Aspect (35) relates to the display system of aspect (34), wherein during the impact time, for any 3 ms interval, the deceleration of the impactor is not greater than 80 g.

[0138] Aspect (36) relates to the display system of any one of aspects (33) to (35), wherein the first radius of curvature is about 10000 mm or less.

[0139] Aspect (37) relates to the display system of aspect (36), wherein the cover substrate comprises a cold-bent glass product.

[0140] Aspect (38) relates to the display system of aspect (36), wherein the cover substrate comprises a thermoformed glass product.

[0141] Aspect (39) relates to the display system of any one of aspects (33) to (35), wherein the first radius of curvature is greater than about 10000 mm.

[0142] Aspect (40) relates to the display system of any one of aspects (33) to (39), wherein the reversibly supportable member contacts the second main surface along the bending axis.

[0143] Aspect (41) relates to the display system of any one of aspects (33) to (40), wherein the reversibly supportable member comprises an elastic material.

[0144] Aspect (42) relates to the display system of any one of aspects (33) to (41), further comprising an adhesive between the cover substrate assembly and the display.

[0145] Aspect (43) relates to the display system of any one of aspects (33) to (42), wherein the bending axis is positioned along the first and second main surfaces using about 0.1 * width to about 0.9 * width.

[0146] Aspect (44) relates to the display system of any one of aspects (33) to (43), wherein the bending axis is positioned along the first and second main surfaces using about 0.1 * length to about 0.9 * length.

[0147] Aspect (45) relates to the display system of any one of aspects (33) to (44), wherein after the cover substrate is impacted at the impact position by the impactor, the cover substrate has substantially no local bending at the impact position.

[0148] Aspect (46) relates to the display system of aspect (45), wherein after the cover substrate is impacted at the impact position by an impactor, the cover substrate is bent at the bending axis.

[0149] Aspect (47) relates to the display system of aspect (45) or aspect (46), wherein after the cover substrate is impacted at the impact position by an impactor, the cover substrate substantially has no anticlastic effect.

[0150] Aspect (48) relates to the display system of any one of aspects (33) to (47), wherein the cover substrate can be dynamically bent along the bending axis for more than 100 cycles.

[0151] Aspect (49) relates to the display system of any one of aspects (42) to (48), wherein the cover substrate can be dynamically bent along the bending axis for more than 100 cycles without delamination occurring between the cover substrate system and the display.

[0152] Aspect (50) relates to the display system of any one of aspects (33) to (49), wherein the thickness is 1.5 mm or less.

[0153] Aspect (51) relates to the display system of any one of aspects (33) to (50), wherein the display is dynamically bendable.

[0154] Aspect (52) relates to the display system of aspect (51), wherein when the reversibly support member dynamically bends the cover substrate along the bending axis in a cycle, the reversibly support member dynamically bends the display.

[0155] Aspect (53) relates to the display system of aspect (52), wherein the display is dynamically bent along the cycle.

[0156] Aspect (54) relates to a display system, comprising: a first frame, the first frame comprising a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite the first frame surface, and a frame edge, wherein the thickness is defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface, the frame width is defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces orthogonal to the frame thickness, and the frame length is defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces orthogonal to the frame thickness and the frame width; a frame opening extending from the first frame surface to the second frame surface and surrounded by an inner surface connecting the first frame surface and the second frame surface; a display disposed in the frame opening within the inner surface; a dynamically bendable cover substrate disposed on the first frame surface and above the display, the cover substrate having a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, and a minor surface connecting the first major surface and the second major surface, a thickness, a width, a length, and a bending axis, the thickness being defined as the distance between the first major surface and the second major surface, the width being defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces orthogonal to the thickness, and the length being defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces orthogonal to the thickness and the width; and a reversibly supportable member attached to at least a portion of the second frame surface and dynamically bending the cover substrate along the bending axis in a cycle from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature and from the second radius of curvature to the first radius of curvature.

[0157] Aspect (55) relates to the display system of aspect (54), further comprising a second frame, the second frame comprising a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite the first frame surface, and a frame edge, wherein the thickness is defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface, the frame width is defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces orthogonal to the frame thickness, and the frame length is defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces orthogonal to the frame thickness and the frame width; a frame opening extending from the first frame surface to the second frame surface and surrounded by an inner surface connecting the first frame surface and the second frame surface; and a second display disposed in the frame opening within the inner surface of the second frame, wherein the reversibly supportable member is attached to the second frame surface of the first frame and the second frame surface of the second frame and positioned between the first frame and the second frame.

[0158] Aspect (56) relates to the display system of aspect (55), wherein the bending axis is positioned between the first frame and the second frame.

[0159] Aspect (57) relates to the display system of aspect (55), wherein the cover substrate comprises a plurality of bending axes.

[0160] Aspect (58) relates to a display system of any one of aspects (54) to (57), wherein when an impactor with a mass of 6.8 kg impacts the first main surface at an impact speed of 5.35 m / s to 6.69 m / s, the deceleration of the impactor is 120 g (gravity) or less.

[0161] Aspect (59) relates to the display system of aspect (58), wherein during the impact time, for any 3 ms interval, the deceleration of the impactor is not greater than 80 g.

[0162] Aspect (60) relates to the display system of any one of aspects (54) to (59), wherein the first radius of curvature is about 10,000 mm or less.

[0163] Aspect (61) relates to the display system of aspect (60), wherein the cover substrate comprises a cold-bent glass product.

[0164] Aspect (62) relates to the display system of aspect (61), wherein the cover substrate comprises a thermoformed glass product.

[0165] Aspect (63) relates to the display system of any one of aspects (54) to (62), wherein the first radius of curvature is greater than about 10,000 mm.

[0166] Aspect (64) relates to the display system of any one of aspects (54) to (63), wherein the reversibly supportable member comprises a contact surface, and 50% or more of the contact surface is in contact with the second main surface.

[0167] Aspect (65) relates to the display system of any one of aspects (54) to (64), wherein the reversibly supportable member comprises an elastic material.

[0168] Aspect (66) relates to the display system of any one of aspects (54) to (65), further comprising an adhesive between the cover substrate and the first frame surface.

[0169] Aspect (67) relates to the display system of any one of aspects (54) to (66), further comprising an adhesive between the cover substrate and the display.

[0170] Aspect (68) relates to the display system of any one of aspects (54) to (67), wherein the bending axis is positioned along the first and second main surfaces using about 0.1* the width to about 0.9* the width of the cover substrate.

[0171] Aspect (69) relates to the display system of any one of aspects (54) to (68), wherein the bending axis is positioned along the first and second main surfaces using about 0.1* the length to about 0.9* the length of the cover substrate.

[0172] Aspect (70) relates to a display system of any one of aspects (54) to (69), wherein after the cover substrate is struck at the impact position by an impactor, the cover substrate has substantially no local bending at the impact position.

[0173] Aspect (71) relates to the display system of aspect (70), wherein after the cover substrate is struck at the impact position by an impactor, the cover substrate bends at the bending axis.

[0174] Aspect (72) relates to the display system of aspect (70) or aspect (71), wherein after the cover substrate is struck at the impact position by an impactor, the cover substrate has substantially no anticlastic effect.

[0175] Aspect (73) relates to the display system of any one of aspects (54) to (72), wherein the cover substrate can be dynamically bent along the bending axis for more than 100 cycles.

[0176] Aspect (74) relates to the display system of any one of aspects (54) to (73), wherein the cover substrate can be dynamically bent along the bending axis for more than 100 cycles without delamination occurring between the cover substrate and the display or between the cover substrate and the frame.

[0177] Aspect (75) relates to the display system of any one of aspects (54) to (74), wherein the thickness of the cover substrate is 1.5 mm or less.

[0178] Aspect (76) relates to the display system of any one of aspects (54) to (75), wherein the display is dynamically bendable.

[0179] Aspect (77) relates to the display system of aspect (76), wherein when the reversibly support member dynamically bends the cover substrate along the bending axis in a cycle, the reversibly support member dynamically bends the display.

[0180] Aspect (78) relates to the display system of aspect (77), wherein the display bends dynamically along the cycle.

[0181] Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A display system, comprising: a display; a dynamically bendable cover substrate assembly disposed above the display; wherein the cover substrate assembly includes a cover substrate having a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, and a minor surface connecting the first major surface and the second major surface, a thickness, a width, a length, and a bending axis, the thickness being defined as the distance between the first major surface and the second major surface, the width being defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces orthogonal to the thickness, and the length being defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces orthogonal to both the thickness and the width; and a reversibly support member attached to at least a portion of the second major surface of the cover substrate, which dynamically bends the cover substrate about the bending axis in a repeated cycle from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature and from the second radius of curvature to the first radius of curvature, wherein the cover substrate is capable of dynamically bending along the bending axis for more than 100 cycles without delamination occurring between the cover substrate system and the display.

2. The display system according to claim 1, wherein, Wherein when an impactor with a mass of 6.8 kg impacts the first major surface at an impact speed of 5.35 m / s to 6.69 m / s, the deceleration of the impactor is 120 g (gravity) or less.

3. The display system according to claim 2, wherein, During the impact time, for any 3 ms interval, the deceleration of the impactor is not greater than 80 g.

4. The display system according to claim 1, wherein The first radius of curvature is about 10,000 mm or less.

5. The display system according to claim 4, wherein, The cover substrate includes a cold-bent glass product.

6. The display system according to claim 4, wherein, The cover substrate includes a thermoformed glass product.

7. The display system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The first radius of curvature is greater than about 10,000 mm.

8. The display system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein The reversibly support member contacts the second major surface along the bending axis.

9. The display system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein The reversibly support member includes an elastic material.

10. The display system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising an adhesive between the cover substrate assembly and the display.

11. The display system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, The bending axis is located along the first and second major surfaces at about 0.1*width to about 0.9*width.

12. The display system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, The bending axis is located along the first and second major surfaces at about 0.1*length to about 0.9*length.

13. The display system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, After the first major surface is impacted by the impactor at the impact position, the cover substrate is substantially free of local bending at the impact position.

14. The display system according to claim 13, wherein, After the first major surface is impacted by the impactor at the impact position, the cover substrate bends at the bending axis.

15. The display system according to claim 13, wherein, After the first major surface is impacted by the impactor at the impact position, the cover substrate is substantially free of anti-plastic effects.

16. The display system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, The cover substrate is capable of dynamically bending along the bending axis for more than 100 cycles.

17. The display system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, The thickness is 1.5 mm or less.

18. The display system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, The display is dynamically bendable.

19. The display system according to claim 18, wherein, When the reversibly support member dynamically bends the cover substrate along the bending axis in the cycle, the reversibly support member dynamically bends the display.

20. The display system according to claim 19, wherein, The display bends dynamically along the cycle.

21. A display system, comprising: a display; A dynamically bendable cover substrate assembly disposed above the display; Wherein the cover substrate assembly includes A cover substrate having a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, and a minor surface connecting the first major surface and the second major surface, a thickness, a width, a length, and a bending axis, the thickness being defined as the distance between the first major surface and the second major surface, the width being defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces orthogonal to the thickness, and the length being defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces orthogonal to both the thickness and the width; And A reversibly support member attached to at least a portion of the second major surface of the cover substrate, which dynamically bends the cover substrate about the bending axis in a repeated cycle from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature and from the second radius of curvature to the first radius of curvature, After the first major surface is struck by an impactor at an impact location, the cover substrate is substantially free of local bending at the impact location.

22. The display system according to claim 21, wherein, Wherein when an impactor with a mass of 6.8 kg impacts the first major surface at an impact speed of 5.35 m / s to 6.69 m / s, the deceleration of the impactor is 120 g (gravity) or less.

23. The display system according to claim 22, wherein, During the impact time, for any 3 ms interval, the deceleration of the impactor is not greater than 80 g.

24. The display system according to claim 21, wherein, The first radius of curvature is or is about 10,000 mm or less.

25. The display system according to claim 24, wherein, The cover substrate includes a cold-bent glass article.

26. The display system according to claim 24, wherein, The cover substrate includes a thermoformed glass article.

27. The display system according to any one of claims 21 to 23, wherein, The first radius of curvature is greater than about 10,000 mm.

28. The display system according to any one of claims 21 to 27, wherein, The reversibly support member contacts the second major surface along the bending axis.

29. The display system according to any one of claims 21 to 27, wherein, The reversibly support member includes an elastic material.

30. The display system according to any one of claims 21 to 27, further comprising an adhesive between the cover substrate assembly and the display.

31. The display system according to any one of claims 21 to 27, wherein, The bending axis is positioned along the first and second major surfaces at about 0.1*width to about 0.9*width.

32. The display system according to any one of claims 21 to 27, wherein, The bending axis is positioned along the first and second major surfaces at about 0.1*length to about 0.9*length.

33. The display system according to claim 21, wherein, After the first major surface is struck by an impactor at an impact location, the cover substrate bends at the bending axis.

34. The display system according to claim 21, wherein, After the first major surface is struck by an impactor at an impact location, the cover substrate is substantially free of plasticizing effects.

35. The display system according to any one of claims 21 to 27, wherein The cover substrate is capable of dynamically bending along the bending axis for more than 100 cycles.

36. The display system according to any one of claims 21 to 27, wherein, The cover substrate is capable of dynamically bending along the bending axis for more than 100 cycles without delamination occurring between the cover substrate system and the display.

37. The display system according to any one of claims 21 to 27, wherein The thickness is 1.5 mm or less.

38. The display system according to any one of claims 21 to 27, wherein, The display is dynamically bendable.

39. The display system according to claim 38, wherein, When the reversibly support member dynamically bends the cover substrate along the bending axis in the cycle, the reversibly support member dynamically bends the display.

40. The display system according to claim 39, wherein, The display bends dynamically along the cycle.

41. A display system, comprising: A first frame, the first frame comprising: a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite the first frame surface, and a frame edge, having a thickness, a frame width, and a frame length, the thickness being defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface, the frame width being defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces that is orthogonal to the frame thickness, and the frame length being defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces that is orthogonal to both the frame thickness and the frame width; a frame opening extending from the first frame surface to the second frame surface and surrounded by an inner surface connecting the first frame surface and the second frame surface; A display disposed in the frame opening within the inner surface; A dynamically bendable cover substrate disposed on the first frame surface and above the display, the cover substrate having a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, and a minor surface connecting the first major surface and the second major surface, a thickness, a width, a length, and a bending axis, the thickness being defined as the distance between the first major surface and the second major surface, the width being defined as a first dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces that is orthogonal to the thickness, and the length being defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces that is orthogonal to both the thickness and the width; and A reversibly support member attached to at least a portion of the second frame surface and dynamically bending the cover substrate along the bending axis in a cycle from a first radius of curvature to a second radius of curvature and from the second radius of curvature to the first radius of curvature; A second frame, comprising a first frame surface, a second frame surface opposite the first frame surface, and a frame edge, having a thickness, a frame width, and a frame length, the thickness being defined as the distance between the first frame surface and the second frame surface, the frame width being defined as a first dimension of one of the first or the second frame surfaces that is orthogonal to the frame thickness, and the frame length being defined as a second dimension of one of the first or second frame surfaces that is orthogonal to both the frame thickness and the frame width; a frame opening extending from the first frame surface to the second frame surface and surrounded by an inner surface connecting the first frame surface and the second frame surface; and A second display disposed in the frame opening within the inner surface of the second frame, wherein the reversibly support member is attached to the second frame surface of the first frame and the second frame surface of the second frame and is positioned between the first frame and the second frame, wherein the cover substrate is capable of dynamically bending along the bending axis for more than 100 cycles without delamination occurring between the cover substrate and the display or between the cover substrate and the frame.

42. The display system according to claim 41, wherein, The bending axis is positioned between the first frame and the second frame.

43. The display system according to claim 41, wherein, The cover substrate includes a plurality of bending axes.

44. The display system according to claim 41, wherein, When an impactor with a mass of 6.8 kg impacts the first main surface at an impact speed of 5.35 m / s to 6.69 m / s, the deceleration of the impactor is 120 g (gravity) or less.

45. The display system according to claim 44, wherein, During the impact time, for any 3 ms interval, the deceleration of the impactor is not greater than 80 g.

46. The display system according to claim 41, wherein, The first radius of curvature is about 10,000 mm or less.

47. The display system according to claim 46, wherein, The cover substrate includes a cold-formed glass product.

48. The display system according to claim 47, wherein, The cover substrate includes a thermoformed glass product.

49. The display system according to claim 41, wherein, The first radius of curvature is greater than about 10,000 mm.

50. The display system according to any one of claims 41 to 49, wherein, The reversibly supportable member includes a contact surface, and 50% or more of the contact surface is in contact with the second main surface.

51. The display system according to any one of claims 41 to 49, wherein, The reversibly supportable member includes an elastic material.

52. The display system according to any one of claims 41 to 49, further comprising an adhesive between the cover substrate and the first frame surface.

53. The display system according to any one of claims 41 to 49, further comprising an adhesive between the cover substrate and the display.

54. The display system according to any one of claims 41 to 49, wherein, The bending axis is located along the first and second main surfaces at about 0.1* the width to about 0.9* the width of the cover substrate.

55. The display system according to any one of claims 41 to 49, wherein, The bending axis is located along the first and second main surfaces at about 0.1* the length to about 0.9* the length of the cover substrate.

56. The display system according to any one of claims 41 to 49, wherein, After the first main surface is impacted by the impactor at the impact position, the cover substrate has substantially no local bending at the impact position.

57. The display system according to claim 56, wherein, After the first main surface is impacted by the impactor at the impact position, the cover substrate bends at the bending axis.

58. The display system according to claim 56, wherein, After the first main surface is impacted by the impactor at the impact position, the cover substrate has substantially no plastic resistance effect.

59. The display system according to any one of claims 41 to 49, wherein, The cover substrate can be dynamically bent along the bending axis for more than 100 cycles.

60. The display system according to any one of claims 41 to 49, wherein, The thickness of the cover substrate is 1.5 mm or less.

61. The display system according to any one of claims 41 to 49, wherein, The display is dynamically bendable.

62. The display system according to claim 61, wherein, When the reversibly supportable member dynamically bends the cover substrate along the bending axis during the cycle, the reversibly supportable member dynamically bends the display.

63. The display system according to claim 62, wherein, The display bends dynamically along the cycle.

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