High-voltage lithium battery cross-country telescopic arm type forklift

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-voltage lithium battery cross-country telescopic arm type forklift which comprises a chassis driving part, a front driving steering axle and a rear driving steering axle, wherein the chassis driving part comprises a reduction gearbox, a traction motor is directly mounted on the front driving steering axle, and the rear driving steering axle is connected with an output flange at the lower end of the reduction gearbox through a transmission shaft; the front drive steering axle and the rear drive steering axle are both steering drive axles, an electric push rod can drive a clutch to achieve four-wheel-drive and two-wheel-drive function switching, steering of the front drive steering axle and the rear drive steering axle can be independently controlled, three modes of independent front wheel steering, crab-shaped steering and four-wheel concentric steering are achieved, and a steering kingpin-mounted angle sensor monitors the steering angle of wheels. According to the invention, the chassis driving part adopts the front driving steering axle and the rear driving steering axle which are integrated with the reduction gearbox, the traction motor is directly connected with the front axle and the reduction gearbox, and power transmission is realized through the transmission shaft. Meanwhile, the electric push rod controls the clutch, the four-wheel drive mode and the two-wheel drive mode can be rapidly switched, and the power requirements under different working conditions are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field related to telescopic forklifts, and more specifically, particularly relates to a high-voltage lithium-ion off-road telescopic forklift. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous expansion of industrial production scale, the handling and loading / unloading volume of various goods is increasing day by day, and more efficient and flexible equipment is needed to complete these tasks. Traditional forklifts have certain limitations in some specific scenarios, such as when material handling is required at different heights and distances. The emergence of telescopic forklifts can meet the needs of material handling and loading / unloading within a large range, improve work efficiency, and adapt to the rapid development rhythm of modern industry. However, the telescopic forklifts in the prior art have the following defects: In the prior art, in many industrial and logistics scenarios, such as construction sites, mines, forest farms, ports, etc., the operating environment is often complex and changeable, with various uneven terrains such as rough ground, muddy roads, slopes, etc. Ordinary forklifts are difficult to work effectively in these complex terrains due to their structural and performance limitations. While off-road telescopic forklifts have powerful off-road performance, can adapt to various harsh ground conditions, and can flexibly drive and complete material handling tasks in these special environments.

[0003] Therefore, in view of this, research and improvement are carried out on the existing structure and deficiencies, and a high-voltage lithium-ion off-road telescopic forklift is provided, in order to achieve a more practical and valuable purpose. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a high-voltage lithium-ion off-road telescopic forklift to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.

[0005] The purpose and efficacy of a high-voltage lithium-ion off-road telescopic forklift of the present invention are achieved by the following specific technical means: A high-voltage lithium-ion off-road telescopic forklift includes a chassis drive part, an arm part, a cab, and a right box: The chassis drive part includes a front drive steering axle integrating the reduction gearbox and directly mounting the traction motor thereon, and a rear drive steering axle connected to the lower output flange of the reduction gearbox through a transmission shaft. Both the front drive steering axle and the rear drive steering axle are steering drive axles. An electric push rod can drive a clutch to realize the function switching between four-wheel drive and two-wheel drive. Their steering can be controlled separately, with three steering modes: single front-wheel steering, crab steering, and four-wheel concentric steering. A steering kingpin mounting angle sensor monitors the wheel steering angle; The boom section includes a fork carriage and forks, and the boom section is a telescopic boom structure, which is pushed by an oil cylinder, fixed at the hinge point of the vehicle frame, and its pitching is pushed by a luffing oil cylinder. The compensation oil cylinder is in the same direction as the luffing oil cylinder. The leveling oil cylinder is between the telescopic boom and the transition frame, and the two form a double-oil-cylinder hydraulic automatic leveling system to ensure that the forks are parallel to the chassis. The transition frame is reserved with two hydraulic pipelines with quick connectors; The cab is suspendedly connected to the vehicle frame through four shock pads, and is equipped with a suspended adjustable ergonomic seat inside. The steering wheel rotates to drive a full-hydraulic steering gear to realize wheel steering. An air-conditioning device is fixedly connected to the rear end of the cab; Inside the right box body, there are arranged a battery pack, an oil pump motor, an oil pump, a multi-way valve, a PDU power management module, an on-vehicle charger, and a liquid cooling system; the high-voltage lithium battery is arranged at the bottom of the right box body and is integrally provided with a DC charging port.

[0006] In a further technical solution, the traction motor is a liquid-cooled high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor, with a maximum speed of up to 11,000 rpm. The motor is directly connected to the axle after passing through the speed reducer; the liquid cooling system adopts an independent circulation circuit. A circulation water pump is arranged outside the liquid cooling system, and the coolant is driven by the circulation water pump to circulate in the cooling channels inside the motor, taking away the heat generated by the motor; the flow rate of the coolant can be intelligently adjusted according to the real-time temperature of the motor; The liquid cooling system is equipped with sensors, including a temperature sensor and a flow sensor, which real-time monitor the temperature and flow rate of the coolant and feedback the data to the vehicle control system. When the coolant temperature exceeds 60°C or the flow rate is lower than 5 liters per minute, the control system issues an alarm and takes corresponding protection measures.

[0007] In a further technical solution, the liquid cooling system further includes a heat dissipation system, which includes a first water tank and a second water tank. Horizontally arranged heat dissipation rods are vertically arrayed between the first water tank and the second water tank. A sliding groove is arranged on the horizontally arranged heat dissipation rod, and a reciprocating lead screw is fixedly installed in the sliding groove. A heat dissipation and dust removal component is slidably connected to the reciprocating lead screw. Front shielding covers are arranged on the air outlet surfaces of the first water tank and the second water tank, and dust-proof covers are arranged on the air inlet surfaces of the first water tank and the second water tank. A driving motor is fixedly arranged between the dust-proof cover and the front shielding cover, and a blade is fixedly connected to the output end of the driving motor.

[0008] Further technical solution: The heat dissipation and dust removal component includes a heat dissipation groove. A ventilation groove is provided in the middle of the heat dissipation groove. Side wall blocks are fixedly provided on the side walls of the ventilation groove. A number of groups of elastic springs are fixedly connected to the outside of the side wall blocks. An outer end plate is connected to the end of the elastic spring. Two arc-shaped plates are connected between two relatively arranged outer end plates. The two arc-shaped plates are arranged relatively. A fixed block is provided below the heat dissipation groove. A limiting through hole is provided on the outside of the fixed block. A driving impeller is rotatably provided on the other side of the fixed block. A sealing rubber ring is provided at the port of the driving impeller. The output end of the driving impeller extends into the transverse heat dissipation rod. The connection between the transverse heat dissipation rod and the driving impeller adopts a sliding seal connection. A cleaning brush is provided outside the heat dissipation groove. The cleaning brush contacts the dust-proof cover.

[0009] Further technical solution: The battery pack includes a high-voltage lithium battery and a 12V low-voltage battery for the rear drive steering bridge. The high-voltage lithium battery uses a 309V lithium iron phosphate battery pack. The high-voltage lithium battery adopts a modular design. Each module contains multiple single cells. The modules are connected through high-voltage connectors; The battery pack is equipped with a battery management system (BMS), which can monitor the voltage, current, temperature, and SOC state of charge parameters of the battery in real time, and perform overcharge, over-discharge, over-current, and short-circuit protection on the battery to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the battery; The battery management system also has a battery equalization function, which can automatically adjust the power of each single cell, effectively guarantee the consistency of the battery pack, and extend the service life of the battery pack; The shell of the battery pack is made of high-strength plastic or aluminum alloy materials, with good protection performance, and can prevent the battery from being affected by collision, extrusion, and moisture factors.

[0010] Further technical solution: The high-voltage lithium battery in the right box body adopts a customized low center of gravity battery pack. The battery pack is designed in a flattened shape and laid flat at the bottom of the right box body. The battery module is placed at the lower part of the battery pack, and the management module and the charge and discharge interface are placed on the upper convex part; A shock-absorbing rubber pad is provided at the bottom of the battery pack, which can effectively reduce the impact of vibrations generated during vehicle driving on the battery pack; A protective frame is provided around the battery pack, which is made of high-strength steel and can protect the battery pack from damage when the vehicle collides; The charge and discharge interface of the battery pack adopts a quick plug-and-play design, which is convenient to connect with charging equipment, and the interface has functions of waterproof, dustproof, and electric shock protection; The management module of the battery pack adopts an intelligent design, which can automatically adjust the charging strategy according to the vehicle usage situation and the battery state, improve the charging efficiency and the service life of the battery; Heat dissipation holes and a heat dissipation fan are also provided on the upper convex part of the battery pack, which can dissipate heat from the management module and the charge and discharge interface to ensure their normal operation.

[0011] For a further technical solution, the reduction gearbox can be arranged at the middle position between the front axle and the rear axle and is connected to the front and rear axles through a transmission shaft; The reduction gearbox adopts a multi-stage planetary gear transmission structure, which has high transmission efficiency, large torque and small volume. The gears of the reduction gearbox are made of high-quality alloy steel, and after precision machining and heat treatment, they have high wear resistance and anti-fatigue performance; the housing of the reduction gearbox is made of high-strength aluminum alloy material, and after precision casting and machining, it has good heat dissipation performance and lightweight effect; the input shaft and output shaft of the reduction gearbox adopt spline connection mode, which can ensure reliable transmission of power; The reduction gearbox is internally provided with a lubricating oil path and an oil pump, which can lubricate and cool the gears and bearings, and improve the service life of the reduction gearbox; the reduction gearbox is also equipped with an oil temperature sensor and an oil level sensor, which can monitor the temperature and oil level of the lubricating oil in real time and feed the data back to the vehicle control system. When the oil temperature exceeds 80°C or the oil level is lower than the lowest scale, the control system will issue an alarm and take corresponding protection measures.

[0012] For a further technical solution, the multifunctional color display screen in the cab can display the vehicle's driving speed, battery power, working status, fault information and axle steering angle parameters in real time; the multifunctional color display screen adopts a high-resolution liquid crystal display screen, with clear display effect and bright colors, and can display normally under different lighting conditions; The display screen has a touch operation function, and the driver can set and adjust the vehicle's various parameters by touching the screen, which is convenient and fast to operate; the display screen also has a voice prompt function. When the vehicle has a fault or abnormal situation, it can prompt the driver to take measures in time through voice; The display screen communicates with the vehicle control system through the CAN bus, and can obtain the vehicle's various parameter information in real time and accurately; the display screen also has a data storage and analysis function, which can record the vehicle's driving data and fault information, and provide a basis for vehicle maintenance and management.

[0013] For a further technical solution, a heat dissipation air duct is arranged in the right box body. The air duct is optimized in design, and can enable the radiator to efficiently dissipate heat from the high-voltage lithium battery, the heat-generating components of the oil pump motor, etc., to ensure that each component works within a suitable temperature range; The heat dissipation air duct is optimized in design by using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software. By simulating the air flow in the heat dissipation air duct, the shape, size and layout of the heat dissipation air duct are optimized, so that the air flow can evenly flow through the surface of the heat-generating components and improve the heat dissipation efficiency; the inner wall of the heat dissipation air duct is made of smooth material to reduce the air flow resistance and improve the ventilation performance of the heat dissipation air duct.

[0014] Further technical solution: A flow guide plate and a fan are arranged in the heat dissipation air duct. The flow guide plate can guide the flow direction of the air flow, and the fan can increase the air flow speed in the heat dissipation air duct, further improving the heat dissipation effect. The radiator adopts an efficient water-cooled radiator or air-cooled radiator, which can quickly and effectively dissipate the heat generated by the heat-generating components. The heat dissipation system is also equipped with a temperature sensor and a controller. The temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the heat-generating components in real time and transmits the data to the controller. The controller adjusts the rotation speed of the fan and the flow rate of the coolant according to the preset temperature range to ensure that the heat-generating components work within a suitable temperature range.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a high-voltage lithium-ion off-road telescopic forklift. Traditional off-road forklifts mostly adopt a single drive mode and steering method, which are difficult to adapt to complex terrains and narrow space operations. In the present invention, the chassis drive part adopts a front drive and steering axle and a rear drive and steering axle integrated with the reduction gearbox. The traction motor is directly connected to the reduction gearbox of the front axle, and power transmission is achieved through a drive shaft. At the same time, an electric push rod controls the clutch, which can quickly switch between four-wheel drive and two-wheel drive modes to meet the power requirements under different working conditions. The front and rear axles are independently controllable for steering, and have three steering modes: single front-wheel steering, crab steering, and four-wheel concentric steering. Cooperating with the angle sensor on the steering kingpin to real-time feedback angle data, precise steering control is achieved. The present invention uses a high-voltage lithium battery as the core power source, which is arranged at the bottom of the right box body, and adopts a customized low center of gravity and flattened design. Cooperating with the modular structure and high-voltage connectors, it not only reduces the center of gravity of the whole vehicle and improves the driving stability, but also facilitates the maintenance and replacement of the battery.

[0016] The present invention provides a high-voltage lithium-ion off-road telescopic forklift. By providing a heat dissipation and dust removal component, when the coolant flows in the horizontal heat dissipation rod, the driving impeller is driven to rotate by the fluid power, and through precise cooperation with the transmission mechanism and the reciprocating screw rod, the heat dissipation and dust removal component is driven to perform a reciprocating linear motion along the sliding groove. The cleaning brush on the component synchronously performs high-frequency cleaning on the surface of the dust-proof cover, automatically removing the attached dust and debris, ensuring the continuous smoothness of the ventilation channel, and avoiding the attenuation of the heat dissipation efficiency caused by dust accumulation.

[0017] The present invention provides a high-voltage lithium-ion off-road telescopic forklift. By providing an arc-shaped plate, when the driving impeller rotates, it drives the arc-shaped plate to vibrate, causing the air flow inside the arc-shaped plate to become chaotic and form a turbulent flow, breaking the normal state of air flow. This turbulent flow can enhance the contact and heat exchange between air, coolant, and heat dissipation components, allowing air to more fully absorb the heat in the coolant, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect, contributing to maintaining the stable operation of the liquid cooling system, ensuring the normal working temperature of the equipment. The change in air flow generated by the vibration of the arc-shaped plate can, to a certain extent, increase the overall air flow rate of the heat dissipation system. More air participates in the heat exchange process, effectively removing the hot air around the equipment and introducing cold air, further optimizing the heat dissipation environment, improving the heat dissipation efficiency, reducing the formation of hot spots, and making the equipment heat dissipation more uniform. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0019] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall external structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall frame structure of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall top view structure of the frame of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the overall external structure of the liquid cooling system in the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the overall front view structure of the liquid cooling system in the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the overall rear view structure of the liquid cooling system in the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the overall top view sectional structure of the liquid cooling system in the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the rear view of the liquid cooling system in the present invention; Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the horizontal heat dissipation rod and the heat dissipation and dust removal component in the present invention; Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the top view structure of the horizontal heat dissipation rod and the heat dissipation and dust removal component in the present invention; Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the heat dissipation and dust removal component in the present invention; Figure 12 This is the rear view structural schematic diagram of the heat dissipation and dust removal component in the present invention; Figure 13 This is the side view structural schematic diagram of the heat dissipation and dust removal component in the present invention.

[0021] Explanation of reference numerals: Right box body 11, rear drive steering axle 12, front drive steering axle 13, cab 14, air conditioning device 15, boom part 16, forklift 17, forklift carriage 18, on-vehicle charger 19, liquid cooling system 20, oil pump motor 21, PDU power management module 22, battery pack 23, circulation water pump 25, first water tank 26, second water tank 27, front shield 28, sensor 29, blade 31, dust-proof cover 32, heat dissipation and dust removal component 33, horizontal heat dissipation rod 34, drive motor 35, reciprocating lead screw 36, sliding groove 37, heat dissipation groove 38, limit through hole 39, ventilation groove 41, cleaning brush 42, side wall block 43, elastic spring 44, outer end plate 45, arc plate 46, fixing block 47, sealing rubber ring 48, drive impeller 49. Detailed implementation manners

[0022] The following further describes in detail the implementation manners of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0023] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "a plurality of" means two or more; the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "head", "tail" is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0024] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0025] As shown in the attached Figure 1 to the attached Figure 13 shown: The present invention provides a high-pressure lithium battery off-road telescopic forklift, comprising a chassis drive part, a boom part 16, a cab 14 and a right box 11: The chassis drive part includes a front drive steering axle 13 integrating the reduction gearbox and directly mounting a traction motor thereon, and a rear drive steering axle 12 connected to the output flange at the lower end of the reduction gearbox through a transmission shaft. Both the front drive steering axle 13 and the rear drive steering axle 12 are steering drive axles. An electric push rod can drive a clutch to realize the function switching between four-wheel drive and two-wheel drive. Their steering can be controlled independently, and there are three steering modes: single front-wheel steering, crab steering, and four-wheel concentric steering. A steering kingpin mounting angle sensor monitors the wheel steering angle; The boom part 16 includes a fork carriage 18 and forks 17, and the boom part 16 is of a telescopic arm structure, which is pushed by an oil cylinder and fixed at a hinge point of the vehicle frame. A luffing oil cylinder pushes it to pitch, and the compensating oil cylinder is in the same direction as the luffing oil cylinder. A leveling oil cylinder is arranged between the telescopic arm and the transition frame, and the two form a double-oil-cylinder hydraulic automatic leveling system to ensure that the forks 17 are parallel to the chassis. The transition frame reserves two hydraulic pipelines with quick connectors; The cab 14 is suspendedly connected to the vehicle frame through four shock pads, and is equipped with a suspended adjustable ergonomic seat inside. The rotation of the steering wheel drives a full-hydraulic steering gear to realize wheel steering. An air-conditioning device 15 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the cab 14; Inside the right box 11, there are arranged a battery pack 23, an oil pump motor 21, an oil pump, a multi-way valve, a PDU power management module 22, an on-vehicle charger 19 and a liquid cooling system 20; the high-voltage lithium battery is arranged at the bottom of the right box 11 and is integrally provided with a DC charging port.

[0026] Preferably, the traction motor is a liquid-cooled high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the maximum speed can reach 11,000 rpm of the right box. The motor is directly connected to the axle after passing through the reduction gearbox; the liquid cooling system 20 adopts an independent circulation loop. A circulation water pump 25 is arranged outside the liquid cooling system 20, and the coolant circulates in the cooling channels inside the motor driven by the circulation water pump 25 to take away the heat generated by the motor; the flow rate of the coolant can be intelligently adjusted according to the real-time temperature of the motor, and the adjustment range is 5 - 20 liters per minute; The liquid cooling system 20 is equipped with sensors 29, and the sensors 29 include a temperature sensor and a flow sensor, which real-time monitor the temperature and flow rate of the coolant and feedback the data to the vehicle control system. When the coolant temperature exceeds 60 °C or the flow rate is lower than 5 liters per minute, the control system issues an alarm and takes corresponding protection measures.

[0027] Preferably, refer to Appendix Figure 4 to Appendix Figure 10, the liquid cooling system 20 further includes a heat dissipation system. The heat dissipation system includes a first water tank 26 and a second water tank 27. Horizontally arranged heat dissipation rods 34 are vertically arrayed between the first water tank 26 and the second water tank 27. A sliding groove 37 is provided on the heat dissipation rod 34. A reciprocating lead screw 36 is fixedly installed in the sliding groove 37. A heat dissipation and dust removal assembly 33 is slidably connected to the reciprocating lead screw 36. A front shielding cover 28 is provided on the air outlet surface of the first water tank 26 and the second water tank 27. A dust-proof cover 32 is provided on the air inlet surface of the first water tank 26 and the second water tank 27. A driving motor 35 is fixedly provided between the dust-proof cover 32 and the front shielding cover 28. A blade 31 is fixedly connected to the output end of the driving motor 35.

[0028] Preferably, referring to the attached Figure 11 to the attached Figure 13 , the heat dissipation and dust removal assembly 33 includes a heat dissipation groove 38. A ventilation groove 41 is provided in the middle of the heat dissipation groove 38. Side wall blocks 43 are fixedly provided on the side walls of the ventilation groove 41. A number of groups of elastic springs 44 are fixedly connected to the outside of the side wall blocks 43. An outer end plate 45 is connected to the end of the elastic spring 44. Two arc-shaped plates 46 are connected between two relatively arranged outer end plates 45. The two arc-shaped plates 46 are arranged relatively. A fixed block 47 is provided below the heat dissipation groove 38. A limiting through hole 39 is provided on the outside of the fixed block 47. A driving impeller 49 is rotatably provided on the other side of the fixed block 47. A sealing rubber ring 48 is provided at the port of the driving impeller 49. The output end of the driving impeller 49 extends into the horizontal heat dissipation rod 34. The connection between the horizontal heat dissipation rod 34 and the driving impeller 49 is connected by a sliding seal. A cleaning brush 42 is provided outside the heat dissipation groove 38. The cleaning brush 42 contacts the dust-proof cover 32.

[0029] Preferably, the battery pack 23 includes a high-voltage lithium battery and a 12V low-voltage battery for the rear drive steering axle. The high-voltage lithium battery uses a lithium iron phosphate battery pack with 309V. The high-voltage lithium battery adopts a modular design. Each module contains multiple single cells. The modules are connected through high-voltage connectors; the battery pack 23 is equipped with a battery management system (BMS), which can monitor the voltage, current, temperature, and SOC state of charge parameters of the battery in real time, and perform overcharge, over-discharge, over-current, and short-circuit protection on the battery to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the battery; The battery management system also has a battery balancing function, which can automatically adjust the power of each single cell, effectively ensure the consistency of the battery pack 23, and extend the service life of the battery pack 23; the shell of the battery pack 23 is made of high-strength plastic or aluminum alloy material, with good protection performance, and can prevent the battery from being affected by collision, extrusion, and moisture factors.

[0030] Preferably, the high-voltage lithium battery in the right box body 11 adopts a customized low-center-of-gravity battery pack 23. The battery pack 23 is designed in a flattened shape and laid flat at the bottom of the right box body 11. A battery module is placed below the battery pack 23, and a management module and a charging and discharging interface are placed on the upper convex part; A shock-absorbing rubber pad is provided at the bottom of the battery pack 23, which can effectively reduce the impact of vibrations generated during vehicle driving on the battery pack 23; a protective frame is provided around the battery pack 23, which is made of high-strength steel and can protect the battery pack 23 from damage when the vehicle collides; The charging and discharging interface of the battery pack 23 adopts a quick plug-and-play design, which is convenient for connection with charging equipment, and the interface has functions of waterproof, dustproof and anti-electric shock; The management module of the battery pack 23 adopts an intelligent design, which can automatically adjust the charging strategy according to the vehicle usage situation and the battery state, improving the charging efficiency and the service life of the battery; heat dissipation holes and a heat dissipation fan are also provided on the upper convex part of the battery pack 23, which can dissipate heat from the management module and the charging and discharging interface to ensure their normal operation.

[0031] Preferably, the reduction gearbox can be arranged at the middle position between the front axle and the rear axle and is connected to the front and rear axles through a transmission shaft; The reduction gearbox adopts a multi-stage planetary gear transmission structure, which has high transmission efficiency, large torque and small volume. The gears of the reduction gearbox are made of high-quality alloy steel, and after precision machining and heat treatment, they have high wear resistance and anti-fatigue performance; the box body of the reduction gearbox is made of high-strength aluminum alloy material, and after precision casting and machining, it has good heat dissipation performance and lightweight effect; the input shaft and the output shaft of the reduction gearbox adopt a spline connection method, which can ensure reliable power transmission; A lubricating oil path and an oil pump are arranged inside the reduction gearbox, which can lubricate and cool the gears and bearings, improving the service life of the reduction gearbox; the reduction gearbox is also equipped with an oil temperature sensor and an oil level sensor, which can monitor the temperature and oil level of the lubricating oil in real time and feedback the data to the vehicle control system. When the oil temperature exceeds 80°C or the oil level is lower than the lowest scale, the control system issues an alarm and takes corresponding protection measures.

[0032] Preferably, the multifunctional color display screen in the cab 14 can display the vehicle driving speed, battery power, working state, fault information and axle steering angle parameters in real time; the multifunctional color display screen adopts a high-resolution liquid crystal display screen, with clear display effect and bright colors, and can display normally under different lighting conditions; The display screen has a touch operation function. The driver can set and adjust various vehicle parameters by touching the screen, which is convenient and fast. The display screen also has a voice prompt function. When the vehicle has a fault or abnormal situation, it can prompt the driver to take measures in time through voice. The display screen communicates with the vehicle control system through the CAN bus, and can obtain various parameter information of the vehicle in real time and accurately. The display screen also has data storage and analysis functions, and can record the driving data and fault information of the vehicle, providing a basis for vehicle maintenance and management.

[0033] Preferably, a heat dissipation air duct is arranged in the right box body 11. This air duct is optimized in design, and can enable the radiator to efficiently dissipate heat from the high-voltage lithium battery, the oil pump motor and other heat-generating components, ensuring that each component works within a suitable temperature range. The heat dissipation air duct is optimized in design by using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software. By simulating the air flow in the heat dissipation air duct, the shape, size and layout of the heat dissipation air duct are optimized, so that the air flow can evenly flow through the surface of the heat-generating components, improving the heat dissipation efficiency. The inner wall of the heat dissipation air duct is made of a smooth material to reduce the resistance of the air flow and improve the ventilation performance of the heat dissipation air duct.

[0034] Preferably, a flow guide plate and a fan are arranged in the heat dissipation air duct. The flow guide plate can guide the flow direction of the air flow, and the fan can increase the air flow speed in the heat dissipation air duct, further improving the heat dissipation effect. The radiator adopts an efficient water-cooled radiator or air-cooled radiator, and can quickly and effectively dissipate the heat generated by the heat-generating components. The heat dissipation system is also equipped with a temperature sensor and a controller. The temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the heat-generating components in real time and transmits the data to the controller. The controller adjusts the rotation speed of the fan and the flow rate of the coolant according to the preset temperature range to ensure that the heat-generating components work within a suitable temperature range.

[0035] The specific usage method of the present invention: The chassis drive part takes the front drive steering axle (13) and the rear drive steering axle (12) as the core. The traction motor is directly installed on the reduction gearbox integrated on the front axle. After the power generated by the motor is torque-amplified and speed-regulated by the reduction gearbox, it is transmitted to the rear axle through the drive shaft to realize the front and rear axle distribution of power. The electric push rod cooperates with the clutch to realize the function switching between four-wheel drive and two-wheel drive. When stronger driving force and off-road performance are required, the electric push rod pushes the clutch so that the front and rear axles obtain power simultaneously, switching to four-wheel drive mode; under general working conditions, it can be switched to two-wheel drive mode to reduce energy consumption. Both the front and rear axles are steering drive axles, and the steering can be controlled independently. Independent front-wheel steering is suitable for steering operations in narrow spaces; when in crab steering, the front and rear wheels steer at the same angle, facilitating the lateral movement of the vehicle in narrow channels; four-wheel concentric steering can achieve the vehicle's in-situ steering with the minimum radius. The angle sensor on the kingpin monitors the wheel steering angle in real time and feeds the data back to the vehicle control system to ensure the accuracy of the steering operation. The boom part (16) adopts a telescopic boom structure and is powered by an oil cylinder to achieve telescoping. The telescopic boom is fixed at the hinge point of the vehicle frame, and the luffing oil cylinder pushes it to perform pitching movements to adjust the height and angle of the fork (17). The compensation oil cylinder and the leveling oil cylinder work together to form a double-oil-cylinder hydraulic automatic leveling system. During the luffing process of the telescopic boom, the compensation oil cylinder and the leveling oil cylinder adjust in real time according to the angle change to ensure that the fork is always parallel to the chassis, preventing the goods from falling and ensuring the safety and stability of the operation. The two hydraulic pipelines with quick connectors reserved on the transition frame are controlled by the rollers on the cab operation handle to flexibly control other actions of the fork, such as the side shift and rotation of the fork, to meet different operation requirements. The cab (14) is suspended and connected to the vehicle frame through four shock pads, effectively reducing the vibration during vehicle driving and providing a comfortable driving environment for the driver. The cab is equipped with a suspended and adjustable ergonomic seat, which can be adjusted according to the driver's body type and needs. When the steering wheel rotates, it drives the full-hydraulic steering gear to work, and transmits the steering force to the wheels through the hydraulic pipeline to realize vehicle steering. The multifunctional color display screen real-time displays parameters such as the vehicle's driving speed, battery power, working status, fault information, and axle steering angle. The driver can set and adjust various vehicle parameters through touching the screen, with convenient and fast operation. The display screen also has a voice prompt function. When the vehicle has a fault or abnormal situation, it timely reminds the driver to take measures. The display screen communicates with the vehicle control system through the CAN bus to ensure the real-time and accurate transmission of data, and at the same time has data storage and analysis functions, providing a basis for vehicle maintenance and management. In addition, the air-conditioning device (15) fixedly connected to the rear end of the cab creates a comfortable temperature environment for the driver. Inside the right box body (11), key components such as a battery pack (23), an oil pump motor (21), an oil pump, a multi-way valve, a PDU power management module (22), an on-vehicle charger (19), and a liquid cooling system (20) are integrated. The high-voltage lithium battery is arranged at the bottom of the right box body and integrated with a DC charging port, enabling charging through an external power source. The battery pack adopts a modular design, with each module containing multiple single cells, and the modules are connected through high-voltage connectors for easy battery maintenance and replacement. The battery management system (BMS) monitors parameters such as the voltage, current, temperature, and SOC (state of charge) of the battery in real time, and protects the battery against overcharging, over-discharging, over-current, and short circuits to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the battery. The oil pump motor (21) operates powered by the battery pack, driving the oil pump to provide pressurized oil for the vehicle's hydraulic system. The flow direction and pressure of the hydraulic oil are controlled through the multi-way valve to achieve control of various hydraulic actuators such as chassis drive and boom movement. The PDU power management module (22) is responsible for distributing and managing the electrical energy of the battery pack to ensure stable power supply to each electrical device. The traction motor is a liquid-cooled high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the liquid cooling system (20) adopts an independent circulation loop. The circulating water pump (25) drives the coolant to circulate in the cooling channels inside the motor, taking away the heat generated by the motor. The flow rate of the coolant can be intelligently adjusted according to the real-time temperature of the motor. When the motor temperature rises, the coolant flow rate is increased to enhance heat dissipation; when the temperature drops, the flow rate is reduced to lower energy consumption. The temperature sensor and flow sensor equipped in the liquid cooling system monitor the temperature and flow rate of the coolant in real time and feed the data back to the vehicle's control system. When the coolant temperature exceeds 60°C or the flow rate is lower than 5 liters per minute, the control system issues an alarm and takes corresponding protection measures, such as reducing the motor power to prevent the motor from overheating and being damaged.

[0036] The heat dissipation system of the liquid cooling system includes a first water tank (26) and a second water tank (27), between which horizontal heat dissipation rods (34) are vertically arranged in an array. A reciprocating lead screw (36) on the horizontal heat dissipation rod drives a heat dissipation and dust removal assembly (33) to reciprocate in a sliding groove (37). A drive motor (35) drives a blade (31) to rotate, generating an air flow. The air flow passes through the first water tank and the second water tank, taking away the heat in the coolant. When the coolant moves from the first water tank (26) to the horizontal heat dissipation rod (34) and makes an S-shaped movement on the horizontal heat dissipation rod (34), when the coolant flows in the horizontal heat dissipation rod (34), it will drive a drive impeller (49) to rotate, and after the drive impeller (49) rotates, it will cooperate with the reciprocating lead screw (36) to rotate. After the drive impeller (49) rotates, it will drive a cleaning brush (42) on the heat dissipation and dust removal assembly (33) to reciprocate, cleaning the dust on a dust-proof cover (32), keeping the ventilation smooth, improving the heat dissipation efficiency, and after the drive impeller (49) rotates, it will drive an arc-shaped plate (46) to form a jitter. When jittering, it will make the internal air flow chaotic, thereby enhancing the air circulation effect.

[0037] The reduction gearbox can be arranged at the middle position between the front axle and the rear axle and is connected to the front and rear axles through a drive shaft. It adopts a multi-stage planetary gear transmission structure, having the advantages of high transmission efficiency, large torque, and small volume. The gears are made of high-quality alloy steel, processed precisely and heat-treated, with high wear resistance and anti-fatigue performance; the housing is made of high-strength aluminum alloy material, precisely cast and machined mechanically, having good heat dissipation performance and lightweight effect. The input shaft and the output shaft adopt a spline connection method to ensure reliable power transmission. The internal lubricating oil circuit and oil pump lubricate and cool the gears and bearings, improving the service life of the reduction gearbox. An oil temperature sensor and an oil level sensor monitor the temperature and oil level of the lubricating oil in real time and feed the data back to the vehicle control system. When the oil temperature exceeds 80 °C or the oil level is lower than the lowest scale, the control system issues an alarm and takes corresponding protection measures, such as reducing the vehicle load or stopping for inspection.

[0038] The embodiments of the present invention are given for purposes of illustration and description, and are not exhaustive or limit the present invention to the disclosed form. Many modifications and variations are obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments are selected and described to better illustrate the principles of the present invention and its practical applications, and to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the present invention and thus design various embodiments suitable for specific purposes with various modifications.

Claims

1. A high-voltage lithium battery off-road telescopic boom forklift, comprising a chassis drive part, a boom part (16), a cab (14) and a right box body (11): It is characterized in that: The chassis drive part includes a front drive steering axle (13) with an integrated reduction gearbox and a traction motor directly mounted thereon, and a rear drive steering axle (12) connected to the output flange at the lower end of the reduction gearbox through a drive shaft. Both the front drive steering axle (13) and the rear drive steering axle (12) are steering drive axles. An electric push rod can drive a clutch to realize the function switching between four-wheel drive and two-wheel drive. Their steering can be controlled separately, and there are three steering modes: single front-wheel steering, crab steering, and four-wheel concentric steering. An angle sensor is installed on the kingpin to monitor the wheel steering angle; The boom part (16) includes a fork carriage (18) and forks (17), and the boom part (16) is a telescopic boom structure, which is pushed by an oil cylinder and fixed at the hinge point of the vehicle frame. A luffing oil cylinder pushes it to pitch. The compensating oil cylinder and the luffing oil cylinder are in the same direction. The leveling oil cylinder is between the telescopic boom and the transition frame. The two form a double-oil-cylinder hydraulic automatic leveling system to ensure that the forks (17) are parallel to the chassis. The transition frame is reserved with two hydraulic pipelines equipped with quick connectors.

2. The high-voltage lithium battery off-road telescopic forklift according to claim 1, wherein: The cab (14) is suspendedly connected to the vehicle frame through four shock pads, and an air-conditioning device (15) is fixedly connected to the rear end of the cab (14); inside the right box body (11), a battery pack (23), an oil pump motor (21), an oil pump, a multi-way valve, a PDU power management module (22), an on-vehicle charger (19), and a liquid cooling system (20) are arranged; The traction motor is a liquid-cooled high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the traction motor is directly connected to the axle after passing through the reduction gearbox; the liquid cooling system (20) adopts an independent circulation loop. A circulation water pump (25) is arranged outside the liquid cooling system (20). The coolant circulates in the cooling channels inside the motor driven by the circulation water pump (25) to take away the heat generated by the motor; the flow rate of the coolant can be intelligently adjusted according to the real-time temperature of the motor; The liquid cooling system (20) is equipped with sensors (29), and the sensors (29) include a temperature sensor and a flow sensor, which monitor the temperature and flow rate of the coolant in real time and feed the data back to the vehicle control system. The control system issues an alarm and takes corresponding protection measures.

3. The high-voltage lithium battery off-road telescopic forklift according to claim 2, wherein: The liquid cooling system (20) further includes a heat dissipation system, which includes a first water tank (26) and a second water tank (27). Horizontally arranged heat dissipation rods (34) are vertically arrayed between the first water tank (26) and the second water tank (27). A sliding groove (37) is provided on the heat dissipation rod (34). A reciprocating lead screw (36) is fixedly installed in the sliding groove (37). A heat dissipation and dust removal assembly (33) is slidably connected to the reciprocating lead screw (36). A front shielding cover (28) is provided on the air outlet surface of the first water tank (26) and the second water tank (27). A dustproof cover (32) is provided on the air inlet surface of the first water tank (26) and the second water tank (27). A driving motor (35) is fixedly provided between the dustproof cover (32) and the front shielding cover (28). A blade (31) is fixedly connected to the output end of the driving motor (35).

4. The high-voltage lithium battery off-road telescopic boom forklift according to claim 3, wherein: The heat dissipation and dust removal assembly (33) includes a heat dissipation groove (38). A ventilation groove (41) is provided in the middle of the heat dissipation groove (38). Side wall blocks (43) are fixedly provided on the side walls of the ventilation groove (41). A number of groups of elastic springs (44) are fixedly connected to the outside of the side wall blocks (43). An outer end plate (45) is connected to the end of the elastic spring (44). Two arc-shaped plates (46) are connected between the two relatively arranged outer end plates (45). The two arc-shaped plates (46) are arranged relatively. A fixing block (47) is provided below the heat dissipation groove (38). A limiting through hole (39) is provided on the outside of the fixing block (47). A driving impeller (49) is rotatably provided on the other side of the fixing block (47). A sealing rubber ring (48) is provided at the port of the driving impeller (49). The output end of the driving impeller (49) extends into the heat dissipation rod (34). The connection between the heat dissipation rod (34) and the driving impeller (49) adopts a sliding seal connection. A cleaning brush (42) is provided on the outside of the heat dissipation groove (38). The cleaning brush (42) contacts the dustproof cover (32).

5. A high-voltage lithium battery off-road telescopic boom forklift according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery pack (23) includes high-voltage lithium batteries and 12V low-voltage batteries. The high-voltage lithium batteries adopt 309V lithium iron phosphate battery packs. The high-voltage lithium batteries adopt a modular design. Each module contains multiple single cells, and the modules are connected through high-voltage connectors; the battery pack (23) is equipped with a battery management system.

6. The high-voltage lithium battery off-road telescopic boom forklift according to claim 1, wherein: The high-voltage lithium batteries in the right box body (11) adopt the customized low-center-of-gravity battery pack (23). The battery pack (23) has a flattened design and is laid flat at the bottom of the right box body (11). Battery modules are placed in the lower part of the battery pack (23), and management modules and charging and discharging interfaces are placed in the upper convex part; A shock-absorbing rubber pad is provided at the bottom of the battery pack (23), which can effectively reduce the impact of vibrations generated during vehicle driving on the battery pack (23); a protective frame is provided around the battery pack (23). The management module of the battery pack (23) adopts an intelligent design and can automatically adjust the charging strategy according to the vehicle usage conditions and the battery state, improving the charging efficiency and the service life of the battery; the upper convex part of the battery pack (23) is also provided with heat dissipation holes and a heat dissipation fan.

7. A high-voltage lithium battery off-road telescopic forklift according to claim 4, characterized in that: The reduction gearbox can be arranged at the middle position between the front axle and the rear axle and is connected to the front and rear axles through a transmission shaft. The reduction gearbox adopts a multi-stage planetary gear transmission structure, and a lubricating oil path and an oil pump are arranged inside the reduction gearbox; the reduction gearbox is also equipped with an oil temperature sensor and an oil level sensor.

8. The high-voltage lithium battery off-road telescopic forklift according to claim 1, wherein: A multi-functional color display screen is installed in the cab (14). The multi-functional color display screen has a touch operation function. The multi-functional color display screen communicates with the vehicle control system through a CAN bus, and the multi-functional color display screen has data storage and analysis functions.

9. The telescopic boom forklift for high-voltage lithium batteries for off-road use according to claim 1, wherein: A heat dissipation air duct is arranged in the right box body (11). The heat dissipation air duct can enable the radiator to efficiently dissipate heat from high-voltage lithium batteries, heat-generating components of the oil pump motor, etc., ensuring that each component works within a suitable temperature range. The inner wall of the heat dissipation air duct is made of a smooth material to reduce the air flow resistance and improve the ventilation performance of the heat dissipation air duct.

10. A high-voltage lithium battery off-road telescopic forklift according to claim 9, characterized in that: A flow guide plate and a fan are arranged in the heat dissipation air duct; the radiator adopts an efficient water-cooled radiator and air-cooled radiator, which can quickly and effectively dissipate the heat generated by the heat-generating components; the heat dissipation system is also equipped with a temperature sensor and a controller.

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