A method for controlling water body filamentous algal pollution based on biological control

Abstract

The application provides a method for controlling filamentous algae pollution in water bodies based on biological control, which comprises the following steps: putting filter-feeding invertebrates into the water body to be controlled, so as to reduce the spores and biomass of early growth stages of filamentous algae; putting algivorous animals into the water body to be controlled, so as to feed on filamentous algae and inhibit the formation of algal mats of filamentous algae; and putting floating ecological carriers into the water body to be controlled, so as to induce filamentous algae to form algal mats on the floating ecological carriers. The application controls filamentous algae pollution in water bodies by comprehensively using filter-feeding invertebrates, algivorous animals and floating ecological carriers, the three have strong ecological synergy, can control the growth of filamentous algae in water bodies and improve water quality without relying on chemical agents through the interaction between multiple organisms, and has good environmental protection benefits and sustainability.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of water pollution control and treatment, in particular to a method for preventing filamentous algae pollution in water bodies based on biological control. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the increasing severity of water body eutrophication, especially the frequent outbreak of algal blooms, water pollution has become an environmental problem that needs to be solved globally. Filamentous algae (such as water moss and blue-green algae) play an important role in water pollution. They reproduce rapidly, easily form algal mats, and cause a decrease in water transparency and oxygen concentration, affecting water quality and the ecological environment, and even causing serious harm to aquatic organisms. Especially in static water bodies (such as lakes, reservoirs, shrimp and crab ponds, etc.), excessive growth of filamentous algae often accompanies water quality deterioration, leading to water eutrophication, thereby affecting human water use, fishery production, and the balance of the ecological system.

[0003] Currently, the control methods for filamentous algae mainly include physical, chemical, and biological control. Physical methods such as mechanical cleaning of water bodies and ultraviolet irradiation can remove algae in the short term, but they often require frequent operation and can have side effects on the ecological environment of the water body, such as affecting submerged plants and aquatic organisms. Chemical methods such as adding chemical algae-removal agents (such as copper preparations and hydrogen peroxide) can quickly eliminate algae, but long-term use can cause water pollution by heavy metals or the emergence of drug-resistant algae, causing persistent harm to water quality. Biological control methods mainly involve introducing organisms from nature to regulate the growth of algae in water bodies. Biological control is a relatively environmentally friendly method and is the main research direction at present. However, single biological control methods often have limitations, such as the limited control effect of filter-feeding animals on large-scale algal blooms, and the application of microorganisms is often affected by environmental factors, resulting in unstable effects.

[0004] Currently, biological control methods mainly focus on microbial control, and the application of microorganisms focuses on immobilized microbial materials to reduce the impact of the environment on microorganisms. For example, patent CN118495695A discloses a microbial immobilization material based on porous basalt ceramic, which immobilizes microorganisms on a carrier to play a role in water treatment. This method improves the stability and activity of microorganisms through immobilization and catalytic degradation of microorganisms, and has achieved good results in the purification of bottom sediment and the degradation of organic pollutants in water bodies. However, this technology mainly focuses on microbial immobilization and the degradation of bottom pollutants, and still has limitations in controlling the expansion of algae (especially filamentous algae) in water bodies.

[0005] Therefore, the prior art cannot effectively and continuously control the growth of filamentous algae in water bodies, especially in eutrophic water bodies or static water bodies, and the effect of controlling algal blooms is still unsatisfactory, and there is an urgent need for a comprehensive management method that can achieve long-term control of algal growth and is environmentally friendly. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application provides a method for controlling filamentous algae pollution in water bodies based on biological control, which uses filter-feeding invertebrates, algivorous animals and floating ecological carriers to control filamentous algae pollution in water bodies. The three have strong ecological synergy and can control the growth of filamentous algae in water bodies and improve water quality through the interaction of multiple organisms without relying on chemical agents, with good environmental benefits and sustainability.

[0007] The present application provides a method for controlling filamentous algae pollution in water bodies based on biological control, which includes the following steps:

[0008] Filter-feeding invertebrates are introduced into the water body to be controlled to reduce the spores and early growth stage biomass of filamentous algae;

[0009] Algivorous animals are introduced into the water body to be controlled to feed on filamentous algae and inhibit the formation of filamentous algae mats;

[0010] Floating ecological carriers are introduced into the water body to be controlled to induce filamentous algae to form mats on the floating ecological carriers.

[0011] Based on the present application, by introducing filter-feeding invertebrates, algivorous animals and floating ecological carriers into the water body to be controlled, filter-feeding invertebrates can reduce the spores and early growth stage biomass of filamentous algae, algivorous animals can control the growth of filamentous algae, and floating ecological carriers can control the expansion of filamentous algae mats. The three can effectively control filamentous algae pollution in water bodies and improve water quality.

[0012] Specifically, filter-feeding invertebrates are introduced into the water body to be controlled, which can feed on algal spores and planktonic algae in water through filter-feeding, effectively reducing the filamentous algae spores and early growth filaments in water. The main role of this step is to slow down the expansion speed of filamentous algae by reducing the density of algae in water, especially the biomass of algal spores and early growth stage, which can prevent the premature formation of filamentous algae blooms;

[0013] Algivorous animals are introduced into the water body to be controlled, which can feed on filamentous algae, reduce the biomass of filamentous algae in water, and inhibit the formation of filamentous algae mats. By feeding on filamentous algae, algivorous animals not only further remove filamentous algae from water, but also prevent excessive algal blooms in water bodies by inhibiting the formation of mats;

[0014] The floating ecological carriers are put into the water body to be prevented and treated to provide attachment points for filamentous algae, and to induce the filamentous algae to form algal mats on the carriers. The floating ecological carriers provide stable surfaces to help the filamentous algae to be fixed on the surfaces of the carriers, avoid free floating in the water, and physically limit the expansion of the filamentous algae through the algal mats on the surfaces of the carriers. In addition, the algal mats of the filamentous algae formed on the floating ecological carriers are easier to collect and remove than the relatively free floating algal mats, and the workload of removing the algal mats can be reduced.

[0015] Based on this, the method provided in the application uses filter-feeding invertebrates, algae-eating animals and floating ecological carriers to control the growth, reproduction and formation of filamentous algal mats of the filamentous algae at different stages, respectively. The three can effectively reduce the occurrence of filamentous algal blooms through synergistic effects at different steps through different mechanisms to achieve the effect of preventing and treating filamentous algal pollution in water bodies, which is environmentally friendly and sustainable, and is especially suitable for the treatment of filamentous algal pollution in static water bodies.

[0016] In addition, it should be noted that the order of the steps in the application is not further limited. For example, in the technical solution of the application, the filter-feeding invertebrates, algae-eating animals and floating ecological carriers can be put into the water body to be prevented and treated at the same time, or can be put in step by step.

[0017] In some embodiments, the filter-feeding invertebrates include Daphniidae animals and Brachionus animals; the Daphniidae animals are put into the water body to be prevented and treated at a density of 10-50 individuals / m 3 , and the Brachionus animals are put into the water body to be prevented and treated at a density of 10,000-50,000 individuals / m 3 .

[0018] In the above embodiments, by putting Daphniidae animals and Brachionus animals at a certain density, the biomass of filamentous algal spores and early growth stages in the water body can be effectively reduced. The Daphniidae animals effectively reduce the initial growth of filamentous algae by filtering the algal spores and small organic particles in the water, and the Brachionus animals have strong feeding capacity for small algae and can rapidly reduce the density of the algae at the early growth stage. By putting the two at a reasonable density, the growth of filamentous algae can be effectively inhibited at different growth stages, the problem of resource competition caused by high density can be avoided, the ecological balance in the water body can be ensured, the spores and early growth bodies of the algae in the water body are effectively controlled, and a good foundation is provided for the putting of the algae-eating animals and the ecological carriers, thereby further improving the effect of preventing and treating filamentous algae.

[0019] As an example, in an embodiment of the present application, the Daphnia animal is Daphnia magna, and the Brachionidae animal is Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas.

[0020] In some embodiments, the algae-eating animals include Macrobrachium animals and Rhodeus animals; the algae-eating animals are released at a density of 90-150 g / m 3 ; the Macrobrachium animals and the Rhodeus animals have a mass ratio of 1:2-4.

[0021] In some embodiments described above, by releasing the algae-eating animals at a certain density, the filamentous algae in the water can be effectively eaten, the biomass of the filamentous algae can be reduced, and the formation of the filamentous algae mat can be inhibited. The Macrobrachium animals and the Rhodeus animals can significantly reduce the amount of algae in the water by eating the algae, especially the algal filaments and algal particles of the filamentous algae; in particular, the Macrobrachium animals mainly eat algae and organic matter in the water, can widely eat the spores and algal filaments of the filamentous algae, and the Rhodeus animals mainly eat algae, plankton, etc., and the synergistic effect of the two in the food chain can enhance the overall algae-eating effect. By reasonably releasing the Macrobrachium animals and the Rhodeus animals at a certain density and a mass ratio, the synergistic effect of the two in the food chain in the water can be ensured, the problem of resource competition caused by too high a density can be avoided, the Macrobrachium animals and the Rhodeus animals occupy different ecological niches when released in the same water body, complement each other in food resources, improve the algae-eating effect, and thus achieve a better effect of preventing and treating the filamentous algae.

[0022] As an example, in an embodiment of the present application, the Macrobrachium animals are Macrobrachium nipponense with an average weight of 2±0.5 g per animal, and the Rhodeus animals are Rhodeus ocellatus with an average weight of 1±0.5 g per animal.

[0023] In some embodiments, the area of the floating ecological carrier accounts for 10%-30% of the area of the water body to be prevented and treated.

[0024] In some of the above embodiments, by controlling the area ratio of the floating ecological carrier, the carrier can effectively function in the water body without causing excessive impact on other organisms (such as submerged plants) in the water body. An area ratio of 10% to 30% is suitable for most water bodies, which can ensure the floating stability of the ecological carrier and avoid excessive competition for space resources in the water body; through a reasonable area ratio, the floating ecological carrier can provide sufficient attachment points to allow filamentous algae to colonize on the surface of the carrier and form an algal mat, which can limit the spread of filamentous algae through physical action and reduce the coverage area of the filamentous algae mat. The floating ecological carrier with the above area will not excessively occupy the habitat space of other organisms in the water body, thereby achieving good filamentous algae control effect.

[0025] In some embodiments, the floating ecological carrier comprises a plant fiber net and microorganisms for inhibiting the growth of filamentous algae loaded on the plant fiber net; wherein the plant fiber net is a net-like material woven by plant fibers, and the microorganisms comprise at least one of Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp.

[0026] In some of the above embodiments, the plant fiber net, as the basic material of the carrier, has excellent physical properties, such as high surface area and good pore structure, which can provide sufficient attachment points and growth space for filamentous algae; specifically, the plant fiber net is a net-like material woven by plant fibers, and the plant fibers are generally fibers composed of natural polysaccharides, which have many active sites to provide conditions for the colonization of filamentous algae, and the net-like structure also provides space for the colonization of filamentous algae, reducing the spread of filamentous algae. Therefore, through the physical and chemical properties of the plant fiber net, filamentous algae can be fixed and the formation of algal mat on its surface can limit the expansion of filamentous algae, thereby effectively reducing the biomass of algae in the water body; at the same time, the net-like structure and floating performance of the plant fiber net ensure that the carrier can stably suspend on the surface of the water body and function for a long time.

[0027] At the same time, the microorganisms for inhibiting the growth of filamentous algae loaded on the plant fiber net can further enhance the filamentous algae control effect. Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. microorganisms can degrade organic sulfides (such as DMSP (dimethyl sulfide propionate) and DMS (dimethyl sulfide)) in water, which usually stimulate the growth and expansion of filamentous algae; through the degradation action of the above microorganisms, the concentration of organic sulfides in the water body is effectively reduced, which reduces the stimulating effect on filamentous algae, thereby effectively inhibiting the growth of filamentous algae.

[0028] Therefore, the floating ecological carrier can provide the filamentous algae with an attachment point and load the microorganisms for inhibiting the growth of the filamentous algae, so that the filamentous algae growth can be controlled for a long time, and better prevention and treatment effect can be achieved.

[0029] As an example, the plant fiber net used in the present application is a commercially available coconut fiber net with square mesh holes (the aperture side length is 5±1 cm). It can be understood that the plant fiber net includes but is not limited to the coconut fiber net, and those skilled in the art can select a fiber net with suitable mesh holes composed of plant polysaccharides according to actual needs, which can float on the water surface. It should be noted that the area of the plant fiber net refers to the area formed by the outermost plant fibers.

[0030] In some embodiments, the floating ecological carrier is prepared by the following steps:

[0031] S1: soaking the plant fiber net in a chitosan-polyethyleneimine aqueous solution to load chitosan and polyethyleneimine on the plant fiber net, to obtain a chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net;

[0032] S2: spraying a glutaraldehyde aqueous solution on the chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net to cross-link and solidify the chitosan and polyethyleneimine on the plant fiber net, to obtain a solidified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net;

[0033] S3: soaking the solidified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net in a microorganism-alginic acid salt aqueous solution to load the microorganism and the alginic acid salt on the solidified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net, to obtain a microorganism-alginic acid salt-solidified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net;

[0034] S4: spraying a calcium salt aqueous solution on the microorganism-alginic acid salt-solidified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net to cross-link and fix the microorganism with the alginic acid salt on the plant fiber net, to obtain the floating ecological carrier.

[0035] In some of the above embodiments, in step S1, the plant fiber web can effectively adsorb and load chitosan and polyethyleneimine through the immersion treatment of the chitosan-polyethyleneimine aqueous solution. This is because chitosan and polyethyleneimine molecules contain a large number of amino functional groups, which form hydrogen bonds or electrostatic interactions with the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups present on the surface of the plant fiber web, thereby stably adhering to the surface and pore structure of the plant fiber web, ensuring that the loading layer has sufficient uniformity and firmness in the subsequent crosslinking reaction. It should be noted that chitosan has good biocompatibility and has a certain adsorption capacity for organic sulfides, but the film formed by crosslinking chitosan alone has poor mechanical properties and is prone to falling off. Moreover, the amino density of chitosan is relatively low, and the effect of specifically adsorbing organic sulfides is limited. By further adding polyethyleneimine, the mechanical properties of the film layer can be improved, and the amino density in the film layer can be increased, thereby improving the specific adsorption capacity of organic sulfides. At the same time, the potential toxicity of polyethyleneimine to microorganisms can be reduced, and the biocompatibility can be improved. The combination of the two can provide better inhibition of filamentous algae for the floating carrier;

[0036] In step S2, the crosslinking reaction is performed by spraying glutaraldehyde aqueous solution. This is based on the Schiff base reaction between the efficient aldehyde group of glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent and the amino groups in chitosan and polyethyleneimine, forming a stable crosslinking structure. This makes the chitosan-polyethyleneimine layer on the surface of the carrier have stronger mechanical strength and chemical stability, effectively improving the subsequent adsorption capacity of organic sulfides.

[0037] In step S3, the large number of amino functional groups formed by the chitosan-polyethyleneimine crosslinking layer, as well as the rich pore structure, provide good physical and chemical adsorption conditions for the loading of microorganisms and alginate. Specifically, the amino functional groups can effectively enrich the negatively charged alginate through electrostatic attraction, thereby significantly improving the loading uniformity and loading capacity of the microorganism-alginate complex on the surface of the carrier, and also providing ideal conditions for the subsequent crosslinking of calcium ions with microorganisms.

[0038] In step S4, the alginate is crosslinked by spraying a calcium salt aqueous solution. This relies on the strong chelation between calcium ions and alginate molecules to rapidly form a stable gel structure, which can firmly embed the microorganisms in the gel network, preventing the loss of microorganisms due to water flow or external disturbances, and effectively improving the long-term activity and stability of the microorganisms. This enhances the ability of the ecological carrier to stably enrich and efficiently degrade organic sulfides in water over a long period of time.

[0039] The amino functional groups (provided by chitosan and polyethyleneimine) in the prepared floating ecological carrier have strong affinity to organic sulfides, and can quickly and efficiently adsorb and enrich these organic sulfides; meanwhile, the enriched organic sulfides are rapidly degraded by the microorganisms attached to the surface of the carrier, thereby effectively reducing the concentration of organic sulfides in water, inhibiting the excessive growth of filamentous algae, and ultimately achieving a significant ecological management effect on water bodies.

[0040] In some embodiments, the mass concentration of chitosan in the chitosan-polyethyleneimine aqueous solution is 1% to 2%, and the mass concentration of polyethyleneimine is 0.2% to 0.4%; the mass concentration of the glutaraldehyde aqueous solution is 1% to 5%;

[0041] In the microbial-alginic acid salt aqueous solution, the mass concentration of alginic acid salt is 1% to 3%, and the concentration of microorganisms is 10 7 ~ 10 9 CFU / mL, and the microorganisms include Bacillus and Pseudomonas in a quantity ratio of 1:1 to 3;

[0042] The concentration of calcium ions in the calcium salt aqueous solution is 0.5 to 1 mol / L.

[0043] In the above-mentioned embodiments, by adjusting the concentrations of chitosan, polyethyleneimine, glutaraldehyde, alginic acid salt, microorganisms, and calcium ions in the calcium salt solution, the preparation process of the floating ecological carrier can be effectively optimized, and the loading capacity, stability, and long-term effect of the microorganisms can be improved.

[0044] Specifically, the concentration of chitosan is controlled in the range of 1% to 2%, and the concentration of polyethyleneimine is controlled in the range of 0.2% to 0.4%, so as to ensure good adsorption capacity for organic sulfides while avoiding the problem of excessive solution viscosity or too dense cross-linking layer caused by excessively high concentration. Therefore, such concentration range can achieve the best adsorption performance and controllable operation, and effectively enhance the efficient enrichment of organic sulfides. Meanwhile, as the main material of the cross-linking network, the concentration of chitosan can reduce the potential toxicity of the membrane layer to microorganisms and improve the biocompatibility.

[0045] The concentration of glutaraldehyde, as the cross-linking agent of chitosan and polyethyleneimine, is controlled in the range of 1% to 5%, which can form a moderately cross-linked and stable composite carrier structure, thereby ensuring good long-term adsorption stability and microbial loading capacity.

[0046] By adjusting the concentration of alginic acid salt, the cross-linking strength and structural stability of the composite material can be controlled. A suitable concentration of alginic acid salt can effectively fix microorganisms and improve the stability of the carrier, and also ensure that the microorganisms loaded on the floating ecological carrier have better growth activity.

[0047] The concentration of the microorganism determines the load and activity of the microorganism. By controlling the concentration of the microorganism in the range of 10 7 ~ 10 9 CFU / mL, the uniform distribution and long-term stability of the microorganism can be ensured, and the organic sulfide in the water can be effectively reduced by the degradation of the microorganism, and the growth of filamentous algae can be inhibited. Proper selection of the concentration of the microorganism helps to avoid the competition between the microorganisms caused by too high concentration, so as to achieve effective biological control in the water body;

[0048] The floating ecological carrier simultaneously loads Bacillus and Pseudomonas, and by adjusting the ratio of Bacillus and Pseudomonas, the synergistic effect of the two in the water body can be ensured, and the degradation ability of the two to the organic sulfide in the water body can be enhanced, and the growth of filamentous algae can be further controlled. Bacillus mainly reduces the organic sulfide in the water by degrading DMSP, while Pseudomonas can further degrade DMS by using DMS as a carbon source. Therefore, adjusting the ratio of the two can achieve dual degradation of DMSP and DMS in the water body, and improve the effect of preventing and controlling filamentous algae;

[0049] By adjusting the concentration of calcium ions in the calcium salt aqueous solution, the strength of the alginate cross-linking reaction can be optimized. The concentration of calcium ions of 0.5-1 mol / L ensures the full progress of the cross-linking reaction, so as to form a stable composite material. This process not only enhances the physical stability of the carrier, but also fixes the microorganism, so as to ensure that the microorganism plays a long-term role in the water body.

[0050] Therefore, in the above embodiments, by adjusting the concentration of alginate, the types and concentrations of microorganisms, and the concentration of calcium ions in the calcium salt solution, the preparation process of the floating ecological carrier is optimized, the structural stability of the carrier and the long-term loading of the microorganism are ensured, and the filamentous algae pollution can be further prevented and controlled and the water quality can be improved.

[0051] As an example, the Bacillus microorganism in an embodiment of the present application is Bacillus subtilis with CICC number 10012, and the Pseudomonas microorganism is Pseudomonas stutzeri with CICC number 10431.

[0052] In some embodiments, the weight average molecular weight of chitosan is 50000-200000, and the degree of deacetylation is ≥85%. As an example, in an embodiment of the present application, the chitosan has a weight average molecular weight of 100000 and a degree of deacetylation of 95%.

[0053] In some embodiments, the polyethyleneimine has a weight average molecular weight of 600-10000. For example, the polyethyleneimine has a weight average molecular weight of 2000 in an embodiment of the present application.

[0054] In some embodiments, the alginate has a weight average molecular weight of 50000-200000. For example, the alginate is sodium alginate with a weight average molecular weight of 100000 in an embodiment of the present application.

[0055] In some embodiments, the position of the floating ecological carrier on the water surface can be fixed by hanging a weight under the floating ecological carrier, so as to reduce the migration of the floating ecological carrier. It can be understood that, by fixing the position of the floating ecological carrier, the formation position of the filamentous algal mat can be controlled, the filamentous algal mat can be reduced from affecting the submerged plants, and the filamentous algal bloom can be inhibited by the submerged plants and the filamentous algae.

[0056] In some embodiments, the algivorous animals are put into the water body to be controlled after 14-28 days of putting the filter-feeding invertebrates into the water body to be controlled, and the floating ecological carriers are put into the water body to be controlled after 14-28 days of putting the algivorous animals into the water body to be controlled.

[0057] In some embodiments described above, the method of gradually putting the organisms into the water body can ensure that the different organisms can fully play their roles in the water body, and the mutual interference between the different organisms can be avoided, so that the best effect of controlling the filamentous algae can be achieved.

[0058] Specifically, the filter-feeding invertebrates are first put into the water body to be controlled, and the algivorous animals are put into the water body to be controlled after 14-28 days. During this period, the filter-feeding invertebrates can effectively reduce the algal spores and early growth of algal filaments in the water body by filtering. The filter-feeding invertebrates can reduce the algal biomass in the water by feeding the algal spores and small particles in the water, so as to create suitable water quality conditions for the subsequent putting of the algivorous animals and the use of the floating ecological carriers. At the same time, the filter-feeding invertebrates can also reduce the phenomenon that the algivorous animals prey on the filter-feeding invertebrates due to the small number of initial filamentous algae when the filter-feeding invertebrates and the algivorous animals are put into the water body at the same time, so as to affect the control of the filamentous algae.

[0059] The algivorous animals are put into the water body to be controlled after 14-28 days of putting the filter-feeding invertebrates into the water body to be controlled. At this time, the filamentous algae in the water have begun to form algal filaments, and the algivorous animals can further feed the filamentous algae in the water, reduce the biomass of the filamentous algae, and inhibit the formation of the algal mat. By reasonable density, the algivorous animals can further remove the algal filaments in the water, so as to prevent the water body from appearing algal bloom.

[0060] The floating ecological carrier is put into the water after 14-28 days of putting the algae-eating animals, at this time, the filamentous algae biomass in the water has been effectively reduced by the previous two steps, and the floating ecological carrier is further put into the water to limit the expansion of filamentous algae through physical action, and to provide attachment points for filamentous algae, so as to induce the formation of algal cover on the carrier; meanwhile, the floating ecological carrier is also beneficial to prevent the floating ecological carrier from blocking sunlight in the early stage, so as to promote the growth of submerged plants in the water, so as to compete with filamentous algae for nutrients and inhibit the growth of filamentous algae; when the ecological carrier is loaded with microorganisms, the last put can also effectively prevent the loss of microorganisms in the early stage, so that the microorganisms on the ecological carrier can better play their role in inhibiting filamentous algae.

[0061] Therefore, the different biological and ecological carrier in the above technical solution can ensure the effective control of filamentous algae in the water, avoid the resource competition and interference between different organisms, and effectively coordinate the role of each biological species, so as to maximize the inhibitory effect of filamentous algae and achieve the continuous improvement of water quality.

[0062] In some embodiments, the floating ecological carrier in the water is replaced 150-210 days after the floating ecological carrier is put into the water to be treated.

[0063] In some embodiments, the regular replacement of the floating ecological carrier can effectively maintain the continuity and stability of water treatment. With the passage of time, the microbial load and algal attachment on the ecological carrier may be affected by environmental factors (such as temperature, water flow, microbial activity, etc.), so regular replacement of the carrier can ensure that the function of the carrier continues to play. Specifically, the replacement period of 150-210 days is suitable for most water bodies, at this time, the number of filamentous algae in the water and the water quality state have been effectively controlled, but with the passage of time, the algal colonization and microbial activity on the carrier may gradually weaken, so it is necessary to replace the new ecological carrier to ensure the continuous and effective water quality treatment; at the same time, by replacing the carrier, the filamentous algae cover attached to the carrier is also removed, so as to achieve better control effect of filamentous algae.

[0064] In some embodiments, the water to be treated is a static water body, and the static water body includes one of a reservoir, a lake, and a shrimp and crab pond.

[0065] In some of the above embodiments, the method for preventing filamentous algae in water bodies provided by the present application is particularly suitable for static water bodies such as reservoirs, lakes, and shrimp and crab ponds. Static water bodies are prone to accumulate organic pollutants and nutrients due to slow water flow, which is a good environment for the growth and reproduction of filamentous algae. The characteristics of static water bodies make them a place where filamentous algae blooms frequently occur. In such an environment, filamentous algae can easily form dense algal mats without the interference of water flow, seriously affecting the ecological balance of the water body. Through the method of the present application, filter-feeding invertebrates can quickly remove algal spores and algal filaments in the water body, and algae-eating animals further reduce the biomass of filamentous algae, and limit the expansion of algae through the colonization of the floating ecological carrier, thereby effectively preventing the formation of filamentous algae blooms.

[0066] Compared with the prior art, the present application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0067] 1. The method provided by the present application can form multi-stage algae inhibition effects in the water body by the staged release of filter-feeding invertebrates, algae-eating animals and floating ecological carriers, effectively inhibit the growth of filamentous algae and prevent the formation of algae blooms.

[0068] 2. The method provided by the present application does not rely on chemical agents, but improves water quality through natural biological processes such as microbial degradation and filter-feeding, so it has strong environmental protection and sustainability, and avoids the negative impact of chemical agents on the ecological environment.

[0069] 3. The method provided by the present application can achieve long-term stable water treatment effect by reasonably adjusting the release density and ratio of each biological species, and combining with the long-term effect of the floating ecological carrier, effectively avoiding the problem of water quality rebound.

[0070] 4. The method provided by the present application is suitable for various types of water bodies, especially in static water bodies (such as reservoirs, lakes, shrimp and crab ponds), the effect is particularly significant, which can solve the problem of algae blooms caused by slow water flow in static water bodies.

[0071] 5. The method provided by the present application effectively reduces organic pollutants in the water body through the synergistic effect of multiple organisms, and promotes the growth of submerged plants in the water body, enhancing the balance and stability of the water ecosystem. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0072] Each embodiment or implementation in the specification is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments.

[0073] In the description of the specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "exemplary embodiment", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the description of the specification, the exemplary description of the above terms does not necessarily mean the same embodiment or example. Also, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples as appropriate.

[0074] In addition, the terms "first", "second" are used only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically limited.

[0075] In the description of the specification, "parts" means "mass parts" unless otherwise specifically described.

[0076] Hereinafter, the embodiments of the present application will be described. The embodiments described below are exemplary and are for the purpose of explaining the present application only, and cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In the embodiments, the specific techniques or conditions not noted are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product manual. The reagents or instruments not noted for the manufacturer are all conventional products that can be obtained by purchase in the market.

[0077] The daphnia animal is Daphnia magna;

[0078] The brachionidae animal is Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas;

[0079] The macrobrachium animal is Japanese Macrobrachium nipponense having a weight of 2 ± 0.5 g per one;

[0080] The Rhodeus animal is Rhodeus ocellatus having a weight of 1 ± 0.5 g per one;

[0081] The chitosan has a weight average molecular weight of 100000 and a degree of deacetylation of 95%;

[0082] The polyethyleneimine has a weight average molecular weight of 2000;

[0083] The alginate is sodium alginate having a weight average molecular weight of 100000;

[0084] The plant fiber net is a commercially available coconut fiber net with square mesh holes (the aperture side length is 5±1 cm), which is cut into a square shape with an area of about 0.4 m 2 Square standby;

[0085] The Bacillus microorganism is Bacillus subtilis with CICC number 10012, which is subcultured and expanded for standby;

[0086] The Pseudomonas microorganism is Pseudomonas stutzeri with CICC number 10431, which is subcultured and expanded for standby.

[0087] Preparation Example 1

[0088] Preparation of the floating type biological carrier:

[0089] Chitosan is dissolved in 1wt% acetic acid aqueous solution, and then polyethyleneimine is added to obtain a chitosan-polyethyleneimine aqueous solution, wherein the mass concentration of chitosan is 1.5%, and the mass concentration of polyethyleneimine is 0.3%;

[0090] The plant fiber net is soaked in the above chitosan-polyethyleneimine aqueous solution for 24 h to obtain a chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net;

[0091] The removed chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net is uniformly sprayed with 2% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution at a spraying amount of about 20 mL / m 2 Then, it is placed at room temperature for crosslinking for 12 h, and a small amount of water can be appropriately sprayed during the crosslinking process. After crosslinking, the chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net is washed with water to obtain a solidified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net;

[0092] A 4wt% sodium alginate aqueous solution is mixed with a microbial suspension with a total concentration of 6×10 8 CFU / mL in an equal volume to obtain a microbial-sodium alginate aqueous solution, wherein the concentration of Bacillus microorganisms in the microbial suspension is 2×10 8 CFU / mL, and the concentration of Pseudomonas microorganisms is 4×10 8 CFU / mL;

[0093] The above solidified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net is soaked in the above microbial-sodium alginate aqueous solution for 24 h to obtain a microbial-sodium alginate-chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net;

[0094] The removed microbial-sodium alginate-chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net is uniformly sprayed with 1mol / L calcium chloride aqueous solution at a spraying amount of about 20 mL / m 2Then, the cross-linking is carried out at room temperature for 2 hours, and after the cross-linking is completed, the cross-linked product is washed with water and dried at room temperature to obtain the floating biological carrier A.

[0095] Preparation Example 2

[0096] Preparation of the floating biological carrier:

[0097] The preparation is substantially the same as that of Preparation Example 1, except that a 1.8% chitosan aqueous solution is used instead of the chitosan-polyethyleneimine aqueous solution to obtain the floating biological carrier B.

[0098] Preparation Example 3

[0099] Preparation of the floating biological carrier:

[0100] The preparation is substantially the same as that of Preparation Example 1, except that in the chitosan-polyethyleneimine aqueous solution, the mass concentration of chitosan is 0.9% and the mass concentration of polyethyleneimine is 0.9% to obtain the floating biological carrier C.

[0101] Preparation Example 4

[0102] Preparation of the floating biological carrier:

[0103] The chitosan is dissolved in a 1wt% acetic acid aqueous solution, and then the polyethyleneimine is added to obtain a chitosan-polyethyleneimine aqueous solution, wherein the mass concentration of chitosan is 1.5% and the mass concentration of polyethyleneimine is 0.3%.

[0104] The plant fiber web is soaked in the above chitosan-polyethyleneimine aqueous solution for 24 hours to obtain a chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber web.

[0105] The removed chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber web is uniformly sprayed with a 2% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution at a spraying amount of about 20 mL / m 2 Then, the cross-linking is carried out at room temperature for 12 hours, and during the cross-linking, a small amount of water can be appropriately sprayed. After the cross-linking is completed, the cross-linked product is washed with water to obtain a solidified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber web.

[0106] The above solidified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber web is soaked in a microbial bacteria suspension for 24 hours to obtain a microbial-chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber web, wherein the concentration of Bacillus microorganisms in the microbial bacteria suspension is 1×10 8 CFU / mL, and the concentration of Pseudomonas microorganisms is 2×10 8 CFU / mL.

[0107] The microbial-chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber web is washed with water and dried at room temperature to obtain the floating biological carrier D.

[0108] Preparation Example 5

[0109] Preparation of the floating biological carrier:

[0110] A 4% sodium alginate aqueous solution was mixed with an equal volume of a microbial suspension having a total concentration of 6 x 10 8 CFU / mL to obtain a microbial-sodium alginate aqueous solution, wherein the concentration of Bacillus microorganisms in the microbial suspension was 2 x 10 8 CFU / mL and the concentration of Pseudomonas microorganisms was 4 x 10 8 CFU / mL.

[0111] The plant fiber web was immersed in the microbial-sodium alginate aqueous solution for 24 h to obtain a microbial-sodium alginate-plant fiber web.

[0112] The microbial-sodium alginate-plant fiber web was quickly and uniformly sprayed with 1 mol / L calcium chloride aqueous solution at a spraying amount of about 20 mL / m 2 2after which it was left to stand at room temperature for 2 h for crosslinking. After crosslinking, the microbial-sodium alginate-plant fiber web was washed with water and then air-dried at room temperature to obtain the floating biological carrier E.

[0113] Preparation Example 6

[0114] Preparation of the floating biological carrier:

[0115] The preparation was substantially the same as in Preparation Example 1, except that the concentration of Bacillus microorganisms in the microbial suspension was 6 x 10 8 CFU / mL and no Pseudomonas microorganisms were present to obtain the floating biological carrier F.

[0116] Preparation Example 7

[0117] Preparation of the floating biological carrier:

[0118] The preparation was substantially the same as in Preparation Example 1, except that the concentration of Pseudomonas microorganisms in the microbial suspension was 6 x 10 8 CFU / mL and no Bacillus microorganisms were present to obtain the floating biological carrier G.

[0119] Preparation Example 8

[0120] Preparation of the floating biological carrier:

[0121] The preparation was substantially the same as in Preparation Example 1, except that the concentration of Bacillus microorganisms in the microbial suspension was 4 x 10 8 CFU / mL and the concentration of Pseudomonas microorganisms was 2 x 10 8 CFU / mL to obtain the floating biological carrier H.

[0122] Preparation Example 9

[0123] Preparation of floating biological carrier:

[0124] The same as Preparation Example 1, the only difference is that the microbial bacteria suspension is replaced with an equal volume of water to obtain floating biological carrier I.

[0125] The experiment was carried out in multiple fish ponds located in Wuhan Agricultural Academy. The fish ponds (4 m long, 3 m wide, and 0.9 m deep) were divided into six small enclosures (4 / 3 m long, 1.5 m wide, and 0.9 m deep, with an area of 2 m 2 ) by impermeable polyvinyl chloride membranes. After cleaning and disinfection, each small enclosure in the pond was filled with water to 0.5 m. The water source used was a nearby filamentous algae contaminated water body. The sediment used in the experiment was a mixture of fish pond mud and loess. The Vallisneria denseserrulata used in the experiment was purchased uniformly. Before the experiment, the Vallisneria denseserrulata was trimmed to a uniform length, number of leaves, and root length, and carefully washed to remove snail eggs and attachments on the leaves. Flowerpots (10 cm in diameter at the bottom, 12 cm in height, and 13 cm in outer diameter) were used as containers for planting Vallisneria denseserrulata. Each flowerpot contained five Vallisneria denseserrulata plants with 8 cm deep sediment. Thirty identical flowerpots were placed in each small enclosure to simulate underwater submerged plants. The above small enclosure was used as a simulated water body to be controlled.

[0126] Example 1

[0127] A method for controlling filamentous algae pollution in water bodies based on biological control:

[0128] The filter-feeding invertebrates were introduced into the water body to be controlled, wherein the filter-feeding invertebrates included filter-feeding invertebrates, the introduction density of Daphnia magna was 30 / m 3 , and the introduction density of Brachionus plicatilis was about 30,000 / m 3 ;

[0129] After 21 days of introducing the filter-feeding invertebrates, the algivorous animals were introduced into the water body to be controlled, wherein the algivorous animals included Japanese marsh shrimps and high-bodied Esomus, the introduction density of Japanese marsh shrimps was 30 g / m 3 , and the introduction density of high-bodied Esomus was 90 g / m 3 ;

[0130] After 21 days of introducing the algivorous animals, 0.4 m 2 floating biological carrier A was introduced into the water body to be controlled;

[0131] After 180 days of introducing the floating biological carrier A, a camera was used to take photos of the water body 2 m above the water body to be controlled, and Adobe Photoshop 2023 was used to determine the surface coverage area (%) of filamentous algae, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0132] Example 2

[0133] A method for biologically preventing filamentous algal pollution in a water body:

[0134] The same as Example 1, except that the filter-feeding invertebrates only include Daphnia magna, and the release density is 50 individuals / m 3 .

[0135] Example 3

[0136] A method for biologically preventing filamentous algal pollution in a water body:

[0137] The same as Example 1, except that the filter-feeding invertebrates only include Brachionus calyciflorus, and the release density is 50,000 individuals / m 3 .

[0138] Example 4

[0139] A method for biologically preventing filamentous algal pollution in a water body:

[0140] The same as Example 1, except that the algae-eating animals only include Macrobrachium nipponense, and the release density of Macrobrachium nipponense is 120 g / m 3 .

[0141] Example 5

[0142] A method for biologically preventing filamentous algal pollution in a water body:

[0143] The same as Example 1, except that the algae-eating animals only include Pseudolaubuca charlesae, and the release density of Pseudolaubuca charlesae is 120 g / m 3 .

[0144] Example 6

[0145] A method for biologically preventing filamentous algal pollution in a water body:

[0146] The same as Example 1, except that a floating biological carrier B is used instead of a floating biological carrier A.

[0147] Example 7

[0148] A method for biologically preventing filamentous algal pollution in a water body:

[0149] The same as Example 1, except that a floating biological carrier C is used instead of a floating biological carrier A.

[0150] Example 8

[0151] A method for biologically preventing filamentous algal pollution in a water body:

[0152] The same as Example 1, except that the floating biological carrier D is used instead of the floating biological carrier A.

[0153] Example 9

[0154] A method for biologically preventing filamentous algal pollution in a water body:

[0155] The same as Example 1, except that the floating biological carrier E is used instead of the floating biological carrier A.

[0156] Example 10

[0157] A method for biologically preventing filamentous algal pollution in a water body:

[0158] The same as Example 1, except that the floating biological carrier F is used instead of the floating biological carrier A.

[0159] Example 11

[0160] A method for biologically preventing filamentous algal pollution in a water body:

[0161] The same as Example 1, except that the floating biological carrier G is used instead of the floating biological carrier A.

[0162] Example 12

[0163] A method for biologically preventing filamentous algal pollution in a water body:

[0164] The same as Example 1, except that the floating biological carrier H is used instead of the floating biological carrier A.

[0165] Example 13

[0166] A method for biologically preventing filamentous algal pollution in a water body:

[0167] The same as Example 1, except that the floating biological carrier I is used instead of the floating biological carrier A.

[0168] Example 14

[0169] A method for biologically preventing filamentous algal pollution in a water body:

[0170] The filter-feeding invertebrates, the algae-eating animals and 0.4m 2 The floating biological carrier A, wherein the filter-feeding invertebrates include filter-feeding invertebrates, the Daphnia magna has a release density of 30 pieces / m 3 The floating biological carrier A, wherein the filter-feeding invertebrates include filter-feeding invertebrates, the Daphnia magna has a release density of 30 pieces / m 3; the filter-feeding invertebrates include Daphnia magna and Asplanchna girodi, the Daphnia magna has a releasing density of 30 g / m 3 , and the Asplanchna girodi has a releasing density of 90 g / m 3 ;

[0171] After 222 days of releasing, a camera is used to take a photo of the water body 2 m above the water body to be controlled, and Adobe Photoshop 2023 is used to determine the surface coverage area (%) of the filamentous algae, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0172] Comparative Example 1

[0173] A method for biologically controlling filamentous algae pollution in a water body comprises the following steps:

[0174] On the same day, filter-feeding invertebrates and 0.4 m 2 floating biological carriers A are released into the water body to be controlled, wherein the filter-feeding invertebrates include filter-feeding invertebrates, the Daphnia magna has a releasing density of 30 g / m 3 , and the Asplanchna girodi has a releasing density of about 30,000 / m 3 ;

[0175] After 222 days of releasing, a camera is used to take a photo of the water body 2 m above the water body to be controlled, and Adobe Photoshop 2023 is used to determine the surface coverage area (%) of the filamentous algae, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0176] Comparative Example 2

[0177] A method for biologically controlling filamentous algae pollution in a water body comprises the following steps:

[0178] On the same day, filter-feeding invertebrates and 0.4 m 2 floating biological carriers A are released into the water body to be controlled, wherein the filter-feeding invertebrates include filter-feeding invertebrates, the Daphnia magna has a releasing density of 30 g / m 3 , and the Asplanchna girodi has a releasing density of about 30,000 / m 3 ;

[0179] After 222 days of releasing, a camera is used to take a photo of the water body 2 m above the water body to be controlled, and Adobe Photoshop 2023 is used to determine the surface coverage area (%) of the filamentous algae, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0180] Comparative Example 3

[0181] A method for biologically controlling filamentous algae pollution in a water body comprises the following steps:

[0182] On the same day, filter-feeding invertebrates and 0.4 m 2 floating biological carriers A are released into the water body to be controlled, wherein the filter-feeding invertebrates include filter-feeding invertebrates, the Daphnia magna has a releasing density of 30 g / m 3 , and the Asplanchna girodi has a releasing density of about 30,000 / m 3 ;3 The release density of Brachiosaurus calyx was approximately 30,000 individuals / m². 3 Algae-eating animals include Japanese freshwater prawns and high-bodied bitterlings; the stocking density of Japanese freshwater prawns is 30 g / m³. 3 The stocking density of high-bodied bitterling was 90 g / m³. 3 ;

[0183] 222 days after the application, a photograph of the water body was taken at a distance of 2m above the water body to be treated. The surface coverage area (%) of filamentous algae was determined using Adobe Photoshop 2023. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0184] Table 1

[0185] Surface coverage area (%) Example 1 21.6 Example 2 25.5 Example 3 24.8 Example 4 28.6 Example 5 26.3 Example 6 25.8 Example 7 25.3 Example 8 27.1 Example 9 26.8 Example 10 25.7 Example 11 26.9 Example 12 24.5 Example 13 30.3 Example 14 30.1 Comparative Example 1 40.8 Comparative Example 2 36.1 Comparative Example 3 34.7

[0186] According to Table 1, the surface coverage area of ​​filamentous algae in each embodiment was significantly reduced compared to the comparative example, indicating that the method provided in this application can effectively prevent and control filamentous algae pollution in water bodies. The possible reason is that in Comparative Example 1, only filter-feeding invertebrates and floating ecological carriers were used to treat the simulated water body to be treated. Although filter-feeding invertebrates can control the early biomass of filamentous algae and the ecological carriers can inhibit the spread of the algal cap, the lack of algae-eating animals makes it difficult to control the growth and reproduction of filamentous algae in the water body, resulting in a poor control effect. In Comparative Example 2, only algae-eating animals and floating ecological carriers were used to treat the simulated water body to be treated. Due to the low surface coverage area of ​​filamentous algae in the water body in the early stages... The low biomass in the water body indicates a lack of food for algae-eating animals, which may feed on submerged plants, thus reducing the competitive pressure on filamentous algae in the early stages. Although algae-eating animals inhibit the growth and reproduction of filamentous algae and ecological carriers can suppress the spread of algal caps, the relatively high biomass in the early stages leads to a relatively poor control effect. In Comparative Example 3, only filter-feeding invertebrates and algae-eating animals were used to treat the simulated water body to be treated. Although filter-feeding invertebrates and algae-eating animals reduced the time for algal cap formation through synergistic effects, the aggregated filamentous algae accelerated their growth after the algal cap formed, leading to a further increase in the algal cap area and a relatively poor control effect.

[0187] As shown in Examples 1-3, the use of different types of filter-feeding invertebrates has a certain impact on the effectiveness of preventing and controlling filamentous algae pollution in water bodies. When using appropriate stocking densities of Daphnia and Brachiopoda, the effect of preventing and controlling filamentous algae pollution in water bodies is better.

[0188] As shown in Examples 1, 4 and 5, the use of different species of algae-eating animals has a certain impact on the effectiveness of preventing and controlling filamentous algae pollution in water bodies. When a certain proportion of prawns and bitterlings are used, the effect of preventing and controlling filamentous algae pollution in water bodies is better.

[0189] According to the embodiments 1, 6-9, the floating ecological carrier with the shell layer material on the upper surface of the floating ecological carrier is used, the chitosan and the polyethylene imine are cross-linked in a certain proportion as the inner layer, the alginate is cross-linked as the outer layer, and the microorganism is immobilized, and the effect of preventing and treating the filamentous algal pollution of the water body is better.

[0190] According to the embodiments 1, 10-13, whether the microorganism is loaded on the floating ecological carrier and the type of the loaded microorganism have certain influence on the effect of preventing and treating the filamentous algal pollution of the water body, and the effect of preventing and treating the filamentous algal pollution of the water body is better when the bacillus and the pseudomonas microorganism are loaded on the floating ecological carrier in a certain proportion.

[0191] According to the embodiments 1 and 14, the time sequence of putting the filter-feeding invertebrates, the algivorous animals and the floating ecological carrier has certain influence on the effect of preventing and treating the filamentous algal pollution of the water body, and the effect of preventing and treating the filamentous algal pollution of the water body is better when the filter-feeding invertebrates are put first, the algivorous animals are put after a period of time, and the floating ecological carrier is put after another period of time.

[0192] The possible reasons of the comparison results of the above embodiments are described in detail in the summary, and are not repeated here.

[0193] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are not limited to them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the above embodiments, or make equivalent replacement to part or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for biocontrol of filamentous algal pollution in a water body, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: putting filter-feeding invertebrates into the water body to be controlled for reducing the spore and early growth stage biomass of filamentous algae; putting algivorous animals into the water body to be controlled for eating filamentous algae and inhibiting the formation of algal mat of filamentous algae; putting floating ecological carriers into the water body to be controlled for inducing filamentous algae to form algal mat on the floating ecological carriers; The floating ecological carriers are prepared by the following steps: S1: soaking a plant fiber net in a chitosan-polyethyleneimine aqueous solution to load chitosan and polyethyleneimine on the plant fiber net to obtain a chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net; S2: spraying a glutaraldehyde aqueous solution on the chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net to cross-link and solidify the chitosan and polyethyleneimine on the plant fiber net to obtain a solidified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net; S3: soaking the solidified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net in a microorganism-alginic acid salt aqueous solution to load microorganisms and alginic acid salt on the solidified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net to obtain a microorganism-alginic acid salt-solidified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net; S4: spraying a calcium salt aqueous solution on the microorganism-alginic acid salt-solidified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net to cross-link and fix the microorganisms by the alginic acid salt on the plant fiber net to obtain the floating ecological carriers.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The filter-feeding invertebrates include daphnia and brachionus; the daphnia is at a releasing density of 10-50 pieces / m 3 , and the brachionus is at a releasing density of 10,000-50,000 pieces / m 3 .

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The algae-eating animals include Macrobrachium animals and Paomianta animals; the feeding density of the algae-eating animals is 90-150 g / m 3 ; the mass ratio of the Macrobrachium animals and the Paomianta animals is 1:2-4.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The area of the floating ecological carriers accounts for 10-30% of the area of the water body to be controlled.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, In the chitosan-polyethyleneimine aqueous solution, the mass concentration of the chitosan is 1-2%, and the mass concentration of the polyethyleneimine is 0.2-0.4%; The mass concentration of the glutaraldehyde aqueous solution is 1-5%; The mass concentration of the alginate in the microbial-alginate aqueous solution is 1% to 3%, the concentration of the microorganism is 10 7 ~10 9 CFU / mL, and the microorganism includes bacillus and pseudomonas in a quantity ratio of 1:1 to 3. The concentration of calcium ions in the calcium salt aqueous solution is 0.5-1 mol / L.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, After putting the filter-feeding invertebrates into the water body to be controlled for 14-28 days, algivorous animals are put into the water body to be controlled; After putting the algivorous animals into the water body to be controlled for 14-28 days, floating ecological carriers are put into the water body to be controlled.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein, After putting the floating ecological carriers into the water body to be controlled for 150-210 days, the floating ecological carriers in the water body are replaced.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein, The water body to be controlled is a static water body, and the static water body comprises one of a reservoir, a lake, and a shrimp and crab pond.