Innocent treatment method and application of chicken manure

Abstract

The invention provides a harmless treatment method and application of chicken manure, and relates to the technical field of waste recycling. Specifically, the method comprises an ozone oxidation process, a drying process, an enzymolysis process, an aerobic fermentation process and an anaerobic fermentation process which are carried out in sequence, wherein in the aerobic fermentation process, a pre-product is mixed with charcoal, a cellulose source, plant ash, wine grape skin and rice bran meal for fermentation; in the anaerobic fermentation process, compound bacteria including clostridium butyricum, pediococcus acidilactici, bacillus coagulans and enterococcus faecium are added into a pre-product, and sealed fermentation is performed. The chicken manure is subjected to targeted detoxification treatment according to the characteristics of the chicken manure, pathogenic microorganisms and complex heavy metals in the chicken manure can be effectively removed, the content of mycotoxin in the chicken manure is reduced, nutrient substances in the chicken manure are decomposed, resource application in the field of fertilizer or feed is achieved, and the method has good application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of waste resource utilization, and in particular, to a method for harmless treatment of chicken manure and its application. Background Art

[0002] With the improvement of the scale of the breeding industry in China, the problem of manure and sewage generated by breeding has become increasingly serious. How to handle the pollution problem in the breeding process has become an important part of the breeding work; in the past or current breeding process, livestock and poultry manure was usually directly used as crop fertilizer, or only simple composting was carried out, or even directly discharged into rivers. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in livestock and poultry manure and sewage is relatively high, and it carries a large number of pathogenic microorganisms and parasites, and there is also a risk of heavy metal exceeding the standard. Untreated or insufficiently treated livestock and poultry manure is likely to cause crop burning, pollute the soil and groundwater, so it needs to be treated harmlessly.

[0003] On the other hand, taking chickens as typical livestock animals for illustration, chickens have limited digestive ability for feed, and a large amount of nutrients in the feed are excreted out of the body with feces. Among them, the contents of crude protein, crude fat, and crude fiber can reach 259.6 g / kg, 32.4 g / kg, and 146.3 g / kg respectively. For another example, Ca, Mg, P, and K can be as high as 8.4 g / kg, 7.58 g / kg, 24.4 g / kg, and 23.8 g / kg respectively. From the composition point of view, chicken manure is rich in organic matter, which helps to enhance the water retention and air permeability of the soil. Chicken manure has a high content of nutrient components and a large available space, but there are also a series of problems such as high treatment difficulty, high cost, and cumbersome process.

[0004] If the characteristics of chicken manure can be combined to remove pathogen components including pathogenic microorganisms or parasites, etc., and at the same time remove bacterial components such as mycotoxins generated due to stacking conditions or feed, etc., and also remove heavy metal components in chicken manure, the harmless, green, and resourceful application of nutrients in chicken manure will be completely realized.

[0005] In view of this, the present invention is specifically proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The first object of the present invention is to provide a method for harmless treatment of chicken manure, which provides an oxidation-enzymolysis-fermentation detoxification method with chicken manure as the main base material according to the characteristics of chicken manure, so as to remove pathogenic microorganisms and complex heavy metals in chicken manure, reduce the content of mycotoxins such as vomitoxin, and decompose and realize the resourceful application of nutrients in chicken manure.

[0007] The second object of the present invention is to provide a harmless nutritional product based on chicken manure.

[0008] The third object of the present invention is to provide a biomass feed or fertilizer.

[0009] To achieve the above object of the present invention, the following technical solutions are specifically adopted:

[0010] A harmless treatment method for chicken manure mainly includes the following processes carried out in sequence: an ozone oxidation process, a drying process, an enzymatic hydrolysis process, an aerobic fermentation process, and an anaerobic fermentation process;

[0011] In the aerobic fermentation process: the product of the enzymatic hydrolysis process is mixed and fermented with biochar, a cellulose source, plant ash, grape skins for wine making, and rice bran meal;

[0012] In the anaerobic fermentation process: a composite bacterium is added to the product of the aerobic fermentation process and sealed for fermentation, and the composite bacterium includes Clostridium butyricum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus coagulans, and Enterococcus faecium.

[0013] A harmless nutritional product based on chicken manure includes the nutritional components obtained by the harmless treatment method of chicken manure described above.

[0014] A biomass feed or fertilizer includes the harmless nutritional product based on chicken manure described above.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0016] The present invention provides a complete set of harmless treatment process flows for chicken manure; according to the self - characteristics of chicken manure, a series of physical, chemical, and biological methods are adopted, and high - temperature, biological fermentation, and chemical combination methods are used to kill, complex, or detoxify pathogenic microorganisms, antibiotics, and heavy metals in chicken manure, reducing the environmental pollution caused by chicken manure, rationally utilizing the useful parts of chicken manure, and maximizing the rational utilization of waste resources. After being treated by the present invention, chicken manure is non - toxic and harmless, has a high proportion of nutrient content, can be used as soil fertilizer or biomass feed, and the product is safe, reliable, and has certain economic value.

[0017] In addition, on the one hand, in the ozone oxidation process, EDTA is introduced, and in the aerobic fermentation process, biochar and grape skins for wine making are introduced to synergistically achieve multi - layer adsorption and complex heavy metals in chicken manure, and the heavy metal passivation effect in the product is good; on the other hand, in the ozone oxidation process, acid and iron salt are introduced, and in the aerobic fermentation process, biochar is introduced, which better retains the nitrogen elements in small peptides and urate in chicken manure, reduces the emissions of NH3 and H2S during biological fermentation, reduces environmental pollution, and improves the fertility of the product. Specific embodiments

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but those skilled in the art will understand that the embodiments described below are part of embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and are only used to illustrate the present invention, and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. If specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are carried out according to conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer is not specified for the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially. In addition, the terms "first", "second" and "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0019] The first aspect of the present invention is to provide a harmless treatment method for chicken manure, which mainly includes the following steps performed in sequence: an ozone oxidation step, a drying step, an enzymatic hydrolysis step, an aerobic fermentation step, and an anaerobic fermentation step; it is worth noting that the above steps provided in the present invention meet the conventional understanding in the field, that is, the raw material mainly composed of chicken manure is sequentially processed by ozone oxidation, drying, enzymatic hydrolysis and two fermentations, and the processing order is fixed.

[0020] In the aerobic fermentation process, the product from the enzymatic hydrolysis process is mixed with biochar, a cellulose source, wood ash, wine grape skins, and rice bran meal for fermentation. In the anaerobic fermentation process, a composite bacterial strain comprising Clostridium butyricum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus coagulans, and Enterococcus faecium is added to the product from the aerobic fermentation process and fermented in a sealed container. The specific implementation methods and detailed features of each process in the present invention are described in detail below.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment, the harmless treatment method of chicken manure further includes the following steps before: collecting chicken manure and transferring it to the equipment of the ozone oxidation process; it is worth noting that the initial chicken manure raw material used in the present invention comes from fresh chicken manure produced by breeding facilities, including but not limited to solid or liquid chicken excrement; since breeding facilities usually remove chicken manure uniformly within 1 to 3 days, the definition of fresh chicken manure in the present invention adopts fecal samples within 2 days after chicken excretion, such as fecal samples within 1 to 2 days of excretion.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment, the ozone oxidation process includes the following steps: preparing a mixed solution containing chicken manure and EDTA, and performing a hydrothermal reaction in an ozone environment; after the reaction is completed, adding an acid source and a ferrous source and mixing them thoroughly, wherein the acid source includes at least one of sulfuric acid, citric acid or oleic acid, and the ferrous source includes at least one of ferrous sulfate or ferrous chloride.

[0023] As a more preferred embodiment, in the said mixed solution, the concentration of EDTA is 0.5 mol / L to 3 mol / L, and the solvent is water; it should be noted that during the preparation process of the said mixed solution, the influence of the moisture in the chicken manure raw material on the EDTA concentration is not considered, that is, those skilled in the art can first prepare an EDTA solution with the above concentration and then directly add the chicken manure raw material thereto. The change in the EDTA concentration caused by the moisture in the chicken manure can be ignored.

[0024] As a more preferred embodiment, in the said mixed solution, the mass ratio of chicken manure to EDTA is 10:(0.4 - 1).

[0025] As a more preferred embodiment, the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 75°C to 90°C, including but not limited to any one of 75, 78, 80, 82, 85, 88, 90 (°C) or any numerical range composed of any two of them; the time of the hydrothermal reaction is 2 h to 4 h, including but not limited to any one of 2, 2.2, 2.5, 2.8, 3, 3.2, 3.5, 3.8, 4 (h) or any numerical range composed of any two of them.

[0026] As a more preferred embodiment, the hydrothermal reaction is also assisted by means such as oscillation, stirring, shaker, centrifugation, ultrasound, etc., which helps to accelerate dispersion and achieve sufficient mixing reaction; similarly, after adding the sulfuric acid and the ferrous sulfate, the above-mentioned auxiliary means can also be used to achieve the mixing of the materials; it is further preferably to assist the hydrothermal reaction in a stirring state, and the stirring speed refers to 10 rpm to 80 rpm.

[0027] As a more preferred embodiment, the ozone concentration in the ozone environment is 0.1 - 0.9 (unit: g-O3 / g-TVS), and the ozone flow rate is 1 L / min to 3 L / min; it can be understood that ozone is introduced into the bottom of the said mixed solution to make the said mixed solution fully contact and soak in ozone.

[0028] As a more preferred embodiment, in terms of molar amount, the dosage ratio of the sulfuric acid to EDTA is (0.5 - 2):10, and the dosage ratio of the ferrous sulfate to EDTA is (0.5 - 2):20.

[0029] As a preferred embodiment, the drying process includes the following steps: first, solid-liquid separation is carried out on the product of the ozone oxidation process to remove moisture; then, high-temperature treatment is carried out until a stage product with moisture ≤ 5% is obtained.

[0030] As a more preferred embodiment, the solid-liquid separation includes but not limited to decantation, filtration, mechanical pressing, centrifugal separation, filter screen or membrane separation, etc. [[ID=Z2]]

[0031] As a more preferred embodiment, the temperature of the high-temperature treatment is 220°C to 350°C, and the time of the high-temperature treatment is 10 min to 30 min; in a further preferred embodiment, the high-temperature treatment is carried out under a stirring state, and the stirring frequency refers to 20 rpm to 50 rpm.

[0032] As a preferred embodiment, the enzymatic hydrolysis process includes the following steps: pulverizing the product of the drying process, and then preparing an enzymatic hydrolysis bottom solution with a pH of 4.8 to 6.2; adding a complex enzyme to the enzymatic hydrolysis bottom solution and then carrying out an enzymatic hydrolysis reaction.

[0033] As a more preferred embodiment, the particle size after pulverization is 10 mesh to 30 mesh.

[0034] As a more preferred embodiment, the solvent of the enzymatic hydrolysis bottom solution is water, and the mass ratio of the pulverized product to the solvent is 1:(0.3 to 0.5).

[0035] As a more preferred embodiment, the adjustment of pH is usually carried out using an acid reagent, including but not limited to hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, etc.

[0036] As a more preferred embodiment, the pH of the enzymatic hydrolysis bottom solution includes but not limited to any one of 4.8, 5, 5.2, 5.5, 5.8, 6, 6.2 or a numerical range composed of any two of them.

[0037] As a more preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of the complex enzyme to the enzymatic hydrolysis bottom solution is 1:(100 to 180).

[0038] As a more preferred embodiment, the complex enzyme includes the following components by mass percentage: cellulase 30% to 50%, phytase 5% to 10%, acid protease 2% to 5%, pectinase 20% to 40%, NSP enzyme 5% to 15%. In addition, the present invention also provides the enzyme activities of the above enzyme components: cellulase 7000 U / g to 10000 U / g, phytase 9000 U / g to 12000 U / g, acid protease 48000 U / g to 52000 U / g, pectinase 48000 U / g to 52000 U / g, NSP enzyme 9000 U / g to 12000 U / g.

[0039] As a more preferred embodiment, the temperature of the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction is 30°C to 55°C, including but not limited to any one of 30, 32, 35, 38, 40, 42, 45, 48, 50, 52, 55 (°C) or any numerical range composed of any two of them; the time of the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction is 1.5 h to 3 h, including but not limited to any one of 1.5, 1.8, 2, 2.2, 2.5, 2.8, 3 (h) or any numerical range composed of any two of them.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment, the aerobic fermentation process includes the following steps: adding biochar, cellulose source, plant ash, wine grape skins and rice bran meal to the product of the enzymatic hydrolysis process to obtain a fermentation heap, inoculating fermentation bacteria into the fermentation heap and then performing aerobic fermentation treatment.

[0041] In the present invention, biochar, cellulose source, plant ash, wine grape skins and rice bran meal are synchronously added to the fermentation heap of aerobic fermentation; as a more preferred embodiment, the cellulose source includes but not limited to straw fiber, wheat straw, cotton straw, rice husk, etc.

[0042] The wine grape pomace used in the present invention is the main by-product of wine production. The grape pomace is mainly composed of grape peel, seeds and a small amount of pulp, and contains rich organic matter, such as polyphenols, cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin, which can provide high-quality carbon source for humification reaction; further, the polyphenolic compounds contained in the grape peel can not only be used as precursor substances for the formation of humus, but also synergistically passivate heavy metals such as Cu and Hg in chicken manure with microbial metabolism during the fermentation process; further, the wine grape pomace can optimize the microbial community structure, increase the abundance of nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as nitrifying bacteria, ammonifying bacteria and fiber-degrading bacteria, enhance the interaction of microbial flora, and optimize the microbial metabolic network.

[0043] The biochar used in the present invention is a carbon-rich solid material obtained by thermochemical conversion of biomass under anaerobic or limited oxygen conditions, with unique pore structure, rich functional groups and high specific surface area, cation exchange capacity and stability characteristics; due to its pore structure, biochar can regulate the air circulation in the compost heap, take away excess heat and moisture in the compost heap, and enhance the metabolic activity of microorganisms; further, biochar can adsorb ammonia gas generated by the compost heap, can be used as a physical nitrogen preservative, and can also reduce the mobility and availability of heavy metals, and passivate harmful heavy metals such as Pb, As, and Cu.

[0044] As a more preferred embodiment, the dosage of each component added is measured by the mass of the product of the enzymatic hydrolysis process.

[0045] The mass ratio of the biochar to the product of the enzymatic hydrolysis process is 5% to 15%, the mass ratio of the cellulose source to the product of the enzymatic hydrolysis process is 5% to 15%, the mass ratio of the wood ash to the product of the enzymatic hydrolysis process is 1% to 2%, the mass ratio of the wine grape skin to the product of the enzymatic hydrolysis process is 10% to 30%, and the mass ratio of the rice bran meal to the product of the enzymatic hydrolysis process is 5% to 15%.

[0046] As a more preferred embodiment, before aerobic fermentation, the moisture content of the fermentation pile is 50% to 60%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation pile is (20 to 35):1.

[0047] As a preferred embodiment, the preparation method of the fermentation bacteria used in the aerobic fermentation process includes the following steps: inoculating Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces marxii into a solid culture medium respectively, culturing at 37°C for 12h to 14h, picking a loop from the solid culture medium and inoculating it into LB liquid culture medium, and culturing the bacteria at 37°C and 120rpm to 180rpm for 13h to 15h to obtain the bacteria to be used in the LB liquid culture medium.

[0048] As a more preferred embodiment, the fermentation bacteria used in the aerobic fermentation process include Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxii, and the stand-by bacteria; the mass ratio of the inoculation mass of each bacteria to the mass of the fermentation pile is 0.1%.

[0049] As a more preferred embodiment, the aerobic fermentation treatment includes the following steps: placing the fermentation pile inoculated with fermentation bacteria in a sealed device provided with a vent, and standing at room temperature (25°C to 35°C); and opening the sealed device every 24 hours to mix the fermentation pile, and introducing oxygen for 30 minutes; controlling the temperature of the compost during the high temperature period to 60°C to 65°C, and completing aerobic fermentation after 15 days of continuous fermentation. It can be understood that the high temperature period of the compost in the present invention refers to: during the aerobic fermentation treatment, aerobic microorganisms produce heat by decomposing organic matter, causing the temperature of the fermentation pile to gradually rise, and it can be regarded as a high temperature period when the pile temperature reaches above 45°C; the core temperature can be controlled by controlling the pile shape and oxygen supply; further, the temperature of the high temperature of the compost is defined as above in the present invention. Those skilled in the art can achieve the above temperature based on the control of the volume, shape, oxygen supply and other conditions of the fermentation pile. The present invention does not strictly limit the control means of the high temperature period of the compost.

[0050] As a preferred embodiment, the anaerobic fermentation process includes the following steps: adjusting the pH of the product of the aerobic fermentation process to 5-6, then adding composite bacteria to the product of the aerobic fermentation process and performing sealed fermentation, continuing the fermentation for 24h-72h, and then ending the fermentation.

[0051] As a more preferred embodiment, before the anaerobic fermentation process is carried out, the product of the aerobic fermentation process is cooled to 34° C. to 40° C. before the anaerobic fermentation process is carried out.

[0052] As a preferred embodiment, the addition amount of the composite bacteria is 0.2 wt.% to 0.5 wt.%.

[0053] As a preferred embodiment, the composite bacteria comprises the following components by weight: 20% to 30% of Clostridium butyricum, 15% to 30% of Pediococcus acidilactici, 10% to 30% of Bacillus coagulans and 20% to 35% of Enterococcus faecium.

[0054] As a preferred embodiment, the enzyme activity of each bacteria in the composite bacteria includes: Clostridium butyricum 0.8×10 10 ~1.2×10 10 (CFU / g), Pediococcus acidilactici 0.8×10 12 ~1.2×10 12 (CFU / g), Bacillus coagulans 0.8×10 10 ~1.2×10 10 (CFU / g), Enterococcus faecium 0.8×10 11 ~1.2×10 11 (CFU / g).

[0055] As a preferred embodiment, the anaerobic fermentation process further includes the following steps: drying the product of the anaerobic fermentation process at 60°C to 80°C for 10h to 15h to obtain a nutrient product with a moisture content of 10% to 15%.

[0056] A second aspect of the present invention provides a harmless nutritional product based on chicken manure, comprising nutritional ingredients obtained by the harmless treatment method for chicken manure as described in the first aspect. It is understood that the harmless nutritional product may comprise solely the nutritional ingredients obtained by the first aspect, or may contain other nutritional substances or functional substances added to the nutritional ingredients obtained by the first aspect. The present invention does not impose strict restrictions on the composition of the product of the second aspect.

[0057] A third aspect of the present invention provides a biomass feed or fertilizer, comprising the harmless chicken manure-based nutritional product described in the second aspect. It is understood that this aspect can be considered the application of the nutritional components obtained by the harmless treatment method of chicken manure described in the first aspect in the field of biomass feed or fertilizer.

[0058] As a preferred embodiment, the biomass feed includes, but is not limited to, broiler feed, pig feed, or ruminant feed, etc.

[0059] As an alternative embodiment, when the biomass feed is broiler feed, its components include 5% - 10% of the nutrient components prepared based on the harmless treatment method of the chicken manure described above, and 90% - 95% of the broiler complete feed; as an alternative embodiment, when the biomass feed is pig feed, its components include 10% - 20% of the nutrient components prepared based on the harmless treatment method of the chicken manure described above, and 80% - 90% of the pig complete feed; as an alternative embodiment, when the biomass feed is ruminant feed, its components include 20% - 30% of the nutrient components prepared based on the harmless treatment method of the chicken manure described above, and 70% - 80% of the ruminant complete feed.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] S1. Pretreatment of chicken manure: In the farm, take 10 kg of fresh feces of broiler chickens raised in wire cages, and place the fecal solids and sewage in a hydrothermal reaction kettle.

[0062] S2. Ozone oxidation: Add 2 L of 1M EDTA solution to the hydrothermal reaction kettle, set the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction kettle to 80 °C, and the stirring speed to 50 rpm; use a pure oxygen source ozone generator, introduce it into the bottom of the reaction kettle, set the ozone concentration to 0.5 g - O3 / g - TVS, and the ozone flow rate to 2 L / min; the ozone oxidation stage lasts for 3 h, and after the oxidation is completed, add 2 L of 0.1M sulfuric acid and 0.05M FeSO4 and continue to stir for 30 min to fix nitrogen.

[0063] S3. Drying: Use mechanical pressing to squeeze out the excess water from the chicken manure, transfer it to a high - temperature rotary furnace and dry it at 300 °C and 35 r / min for 20 min to reduce the moisture content of the product to less than 5%.

[0064] S4. Enzymolysis: Use a pulverizer to pulverize the product obtained in S3 after drying, pass it through a 18 - mesh sieve, discard the part that does not pass through the sieve, and obtain the dried and treated chicken manure powder.

[0065] Take 1 kg of fine powder from the sieved part, add 0.4 kg of pure water, adjust the pH to 5.5 ± 0.1 with 0.1M HCl, and then add 10 g of a composite enzyme package (the composite enzyme package components include: cellulose enzyme content 45 wt.%, enzyme activity 8000 U / g, phytase content 10 wt%, enzyme activity 10000 U / g, acidic protease 5 wt.%, enzyme activity 50000 U / g, pectinase 30 wt.%, enzyme activity 50000 U / g, NSP enzyme 10 wt.%, enzyme activity 10000 U / g), heat it in a 40 °C water bath for 2 h, and complete the enzymolysis.

[0066] S5. Aerobic fermentation: In a laminar flow hood, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Kluyveromyces marxianus were respectively inoculated into solid media, placed in a constant temperature incubator at 37 °C for 12 h, and the growth situation was observed; then a loopful was picked from the solid media and inoculated into 5 mL of LB liquid medium, and shaken at 37 °C and 120 rpm for 13 h to obtain a special bacteria.

[0067] When the temperature of the enzymatic hydrolysate in S4 dropped to 30 °C, it was transferred to a fermentation barrel. According to the mass of the enzymatic hydrolysate, 10 wt.% biochar, 10 wt.% corn straw, 1.5 wt.% plant ash, 20 wt.% wine grape skins, and 10 wt.% rice bran meal were added, and the moisture of the fermentation heap was controlled at 55% and the carbon-nitrogen ratio at 30:1; 0.1% of each of the 4 kinds of bacteria (the above-mentioned special bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Kluyveromyces marxianus) were inoculated according to the weight ratio of the fermentation heap, the barrel mouth was sealed with plastic wrap, and air vents were set, placed in an environment at 30 °C, the film was opened and mixed once every 24 h, and oxygen was introduced for 30 min, and the temperature during the high-temperature period of the compost was controlled at 60 °C, and continuous fermentation was carried out for 15 d.

[0068] S6. Anaerobic fermentation: When the aerobic fermentation ended and the temperature of the fermentation product dropped to 35 °C, the pH of the fermentation heap was adjusted to 5.5 ± 0.1, and 0.4 wt.% of an anaerobic fermentation package (the components of the anaerobic fermentation package include: 25 wt.% Clostridium butyricum, enzyme activity 10 10 CFU / g, 25 wt.% Pediococcus acidilactici, enzyme activity 10 12 CFU / g, 20 wt.% Bacillus coagulans, enzyme activity 10 10 CFU / g, 30 wt.% Enterococcus faecium, enzyme activity 10 11 CFU / g) was added, and then the fermentation heap was stirred evenly, and sealed together with an anaerobic gas generating bag and fermented for 60 h.

[0069] S7. Drying: After the fermentation in S6 ended, the fermentation product was dried at 65 °C for 12 h, and the moisture content dropped to 10% to obtain the nutrient prepared based on chicken manure in this example.

[0070] Example 2

[0071] It is basically the same as Example 1, except that:

[0072] In step S2, the ozone concentration was set to 0.9 g-O3 / g-TVS, and the ozone flow rate was 3 L / min; the ozone oxidation stage lasted for 2 h.

[0073] Example 3

[0074] It is basically the same as Example 1, except that:

[0075] In step S2, the ozone concentration is set to 0.1 g-O3 / g-TVS, and the ozone flow rate is 1 L / min; the ozone oxidation stage lasts for 4 h.

[0076] Example 4

[0077] It is basically the same as Example 1, except that:

[0078] In step S4, the composite enzyme package composition includes: cellulase content 50 wt.%, phytase content 7.5 wt%, acid protease 2 wt.%, pectinase 25.5 wt.%, NSP enzyme 15 wt.% (the enzyme activity of each enzyme is the same as that in Example 1).

[0079] Example 5

[0080] It is basically the same as Example 1, except that:

[0081] In step S5, calculated by the mass of the enzymatic hydrolysate, 15 wt.% biochar, 10 wt.% corn straw, 1.5 wt.% plant ash, 30 wt.% wine grape skins, and 10 wt.% rice bran meal are added.

[0082] Example 6

[0083] It is basically the same as Example 1, except that:

[0084] In step S5, calculated by the mass of the enzymatic hydrolysate, 5 wt.% biochar, 10 wt.% corn straw, 1.5 wt.% plant ash, 10 wt.% wine grape skins, and 10 wt.% rice bran meal are added.

[0085] Example 7

[0086] It is basically the same as Example 1, except that:

[0087] In step S6, the anaerobic fermentation package composition includes: 20 wt.% Clostridium butyricum, 30 wt.% Pediococcus acidilactici, 30 wt.% Bacillus coagulans, and 20 wt.% Enterococcus faecium.

[0088] Comparative Example 1: Take 10 kg of fresh feces from the same source as in Example 1, place it in an oven at 110 °C and dry it until the feces moisture content drops to 10%, to obtain the nutrient sample of this comparative example.

[0089] Comparative Examples 2 - 5:

[0090] Basically the same as Example 1, however, selective operations are performed on some steps in Example 1; the "some steps" include: 1) Whether to add biochar and winemaking grape skins in step S5; 2) Whether to add a compound enzyme preparation in step S4; 3) Whether to perform the aerobic fermentation process in step S5; 4) Whether to perform the anaerobic fermentation process in step S6.

[0091] As shown in Table 1 below, it is provided whether the above features 1) - 4) are performed in Comparative Examples 2 - 5; the plus sign in Table 1 indicates that the corresponding feature operation is performed, and the minus sign indicates that the corresponding feature operation is not performed; the differences between Comparative Examples 2 - 5 and Example 1 are only whether the above features 1) - 4) are performed.

[0092] Table 1

[0093]

[0094] Test Example

[0095] The chicken manure treatment products obtained from each example and comparative example are tested as follows and recorded in Tables 2 - 3 below.

[0096] (1) Vomiting toxin: Determined using a vomiting toxin ELISA rapid detection kit;

[0097] (2) Organic matter content (MO): Using the potassium dichromate heating method, referring to NY / T525 - 2021;

[0098] (3) Total nitrogen detection (TN): Take 0.5 g of the sample in a digestion tube, add 10 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, and 3 g of copper sulfate and 0.1 g of potassium sulfate, place it on a graphite digestion instrument for digestion and cooling, and then determine it with a Kjeldahl nitrogen analyzer;

[0099] (4) Determination of total heavy metals: Digest using HNO3 - HClO4 (volume ratio 4:1); Take 0.2000 g of the sample in a digestion tube, add 10 mL of the mixed acid solution and let it stand overnight, heat and digest using a temperature - controlled digestion furnace, and detect Cu, Pb, Cd through an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer;

[0100] (5) Detection of acid - extractable heavy metals, using 0.11 M HOAc, with a solid - liquid ratio of 1:40 (g / mL), oscillate for 16 h, centrifuge at 5000 r / min for 20 min; then use an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer to determine heavy metals Cu, Pb, Cd; Calculate the passivation rate = acid - extractable state post - stack distribution rate / acid - extractable state pre - stack distribution rate, and calculate the distribution rate = total acid - extractable state / total heavy metals.

[0101] Table 2

[0102]

[0103] From the results in Table 2, it can be seen that after adding biochar, grape pomace, adding a specific complex enzyme preparation for enzymatic hydrolysis, and aerobic and anaerobic fermentation, the nutrients in the product are superior to those of the products only subjected to aerobic and anaerobic fermentation in terms of the parameters of total nitrogen, organic matter content, and conductivity, and the vomitoxin content is also lower than that of other groups.

[0104] Table 3

[0105]

[0106] From the results in Table 3, it can be seen that after adding biochar, grape pomace, adding a specific complex enzyme preparation for enzymatic hydrolysis, and aerobic and anaerobic fermentation, the passivation rates of heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, and Cd in the nutrients of the product are higher than those of the fermentation groups only subjected to aerobic and anaerobic fermentation. It can be seen that the present invention can reduce heavy metal pollution in fecal samples.

[0107] Although the present invention has been illustrated and described with specific embodiments, it should be realized that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments can be modified, or some or all of the technical features can be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention; therefore, this means that all such replacements and modifications within the scope of the present invention are included in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for harmless treatment of chicken manure, characterized in that, The harmless treatment method includes the following processes carried out in sequence: an ozone oxidation process, a drying process, an enzymatic hydrolysis process, an aerobic fermentation process, and an anaerobic fermentation process; In the aerobic fermentation process: the product of the enzymatic hydrolysis process is mixed and fermented with biochar, a cellulose source, plant ash, grape skins for wine-making, and rice bran meal; In the anaerobic fermentation process: a composite bacterium is added to the product of the aerobic fermentation process and sealed for fermentation, and the composite bacterium includes Clostridium butyricum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus coagulans, and Enterococcus faecium.

2. The harmless treatment method of chicken manure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ozone oxidation process includes the following steps: Prepare a mixed solution containing chicken manure and EDTA, and carry out a hydrothermal reaction in an ozone environment; after the reaction ends, add an acid source and an iron source and mix well; wherein, the acid source includes at least one of sulfuric acid, citric acid, or oleic acid, and the iron source includes at least one of ferrous sulfate or ferrous chloride; Preferably, in the mixed solution, the concentration of EDTA is 0.5 mol / L to 3 mol / L; preferably, the mass ratio of chicken manure to EDTA is 10:(0.4 - 1); Preferably, the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 75°C to 90°C, and the time of the hydrothermal reaction is 2 h to 4 h; Preferably, for the ozone environment, the ozone concentration is 0.1 to 0.9 (g-O3 / g-TVS), and the ozone flow rate is 1 L / min to 3 L / min.

3. The harmless treatment method of chicken manure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drying process includes the following steps: First, carry out solid-liquid separation on the product of the ozone oxidation process to remove moisture; then carry out high-temperature treatment until a product with a moisture content ≤ 5% is obtained; Preferably, the temperature of the high-temperature treatment is 220°C to 350°C, and the time of the high-temperature treatment is 10 min to 30 min.

4. The harmless treatment method of chicken manure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The enzymatic hydrolysis process includes the following steps: Crush the product of the drying process, and then prepare an enzymatic hydrolysis bottom solution with a pH of 4.8 to 6.2; add a composite enzyme to the enzymatic hydrolysis bottom solution and carry out an enzymatic hydrolysis reaction; Preferably, the solvent of the enzymatic hydrolysis bottom solution is water, and the mass ratio of the crushed product to water is 1:(0.3 - 0.5); Preferably, the mass ratio of the composite enzyme to the enzymatic hydrolysis bottom solution is 1:(100 - 180); Preferably, the temperature of the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction is 30°C to 55°C, and the time of the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction is 1.5 h to 3 h.

5. The harmless treatment method of chicken manure according to claim 4, wherein The composite enzyme includes the following components by mass percentage: 30% - 50% cellulase, 5% - 10% phytase, 2% - 5% acidic protease, 20% - 40% pectinase, 5% - 15% NSP enzyme; Preferably, the enzyme activity of cellulase is 7000 U / g to 10000 U / g, the enzyme activity of phytase is 9000 U / g to 12000 U / g, the enzyme activity of acidic protease is 48000 U / g to 52000 U / g, the enzyme activity of pectinase is 48000 U / g to 52000 U / g, and the enzyme activity of NSP enzyme is 9000 U / g to 12000 U / g.

6. The harmless treatment method of chicken manure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aerobic fermentation process includes the following steps: Biochar, a cellulose source, plant ash, wine grape skins, and rice bran meal are added to the product of the enzymatic hydrolysis process to obtain a fermentation pile, and fermentation bacteria are inoculated into the fermentation pile followed by aerobic fermentation treatment; Preferably, the mass ratio of the biochar to the product of the enzymatic hydrolysis process is 5% to 15%, and the mass ratio of the wine grape skins to the product of the enzymatic hydrolysis process is 10% to 30%; Preferably, the aerobic fermentation treatment includes: placing the fermentation pile inoculated with fermentation bacteria in a sealed device provided with ventilation holes, standing at room temperature; and opening the sealed device and mixing the fermentation pile every 24 h, and introducing oxygen for 30 min; controlling the temperature during the high-temperature period of the compost to be 60°C to 65°C, and completing aerobic fermentation after continuous fermentation for 15 d.

7. The harmless treatment method of chicken manure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The fermentation bacteria used in the aerobic fermentation process include Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, and standby bacteria; The preparation method of the standby bacteria includes the following steps: Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Kluyveromyces marxianus are respectively inoculated into a solid medium, cultured at 37°C for 12 h to 14 h, and then a loop is picked from the solid medium and inoculated into an LB liquid medium. After shaking culture at 37°C and 120 rpm to 180 rpm for 13 h to 15 h, the standby bacteria are obtained in the LB liquid medium; Preferably, the inoculation mass ratio of each type of bacteria to the mass of the fermentation pile is 0.1%.

8. The harmless treatment method of chicken manure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anaerobic fermentation process includes the following steps: Adjust the pH of the product of the aerobic fermentation process to 5 to 6 and the temperature to 34°C to 40°C, then add complex bacteria to the product of the aerobic fermentation process and conduct sealed fermentation, and end the fermentation after continuous fermentation for 24 h to 72 h; Preferably, the complex bacteria include the following components by weight percentage: Clostridium butyricum 20% to 30%, Pediococcus acidilactici 15% to 30%, Bacillus coagulans 10% to 30%, and Enterococcus faecium 20% to 35%; Preferably, the enzyme activity of Clostridium butyricum is 0.8×10 10 ~1.2×10 10 (CFU / g), the enzyme activity of Pediococcus acidilactici was 0.8×10 12 ~1.2×10 12 (CFU / g), the enzyme activity of Bacillus coagulans was 0.8×10 10 ~1.2×10 10 (CFU / g), the enzyme activity of Enterococcus faecium was 0.8×10 11 ~1.2×10 11 (CFU / g).

9. A harmless nutritional product based on chicken manure, characterized in that, It includes the nutrient components prepared by the method for harmless treatment of chicken manure according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A biomass feed or fertilizer, characterized in that, It includes the harmless nutrient product based on chicken manure according to claim 9.

Images