Nitrogen fertilizer for cigars, fertilizer and application

Abstract

The invention discloses a nitrogenous fertilizer for cigars, a fertilizer and application. A nitrogenous fertilizer for cigars comprises a nitrate nitrogenous fertilizer and an ammonium nitrogenous fertilizer, and the molar ratio of the nitrate nitrogenous fertilizer to the ammonium nitrogenous fertilizer is (0.66-1.50): 1. The nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is potassium nitrate and / or calcium nitrate, and the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium bicarbonate. The molar ratio of the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer to the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is 1: 1. The invention also provides a fertilizer for cigars. The fertilizer comprises any nitrogen fertilizer for cigars. The fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of decomposed oil cake, 20-40 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 10-30 parts of phosphate fertilizer and 30-60 parts of potash fertilizer. The thoroughly decomposed oil cake is a thoroughly decomposed sesame cake. The nitrogenous fertilizer can improve the soil environment of the tobacco plant root zone, is beneficial to increasing the content of acid phosphatase in the soil, promotes the root development of the tobacco plant, increases the number of effective leaves, and can balance chemical components in cigar leaves.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer formulations, and particularly to a nitrogen fertilizer for cigar, a fertilizer and its application. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the increasing market demand for cigars, the trial planting and large-scale development of cigars have been carried out across the country. Due to the unclear understanding of the growth and quality requirement characteristics of cigar tobacco leaves, in many production areas, the special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco is simply applied to the field production of cigar tobacco leaves, resulting in many adverse effects. For cigars, the nutrient absorption law of cigar tobacco is quite different from that of flue-cured tobacco. The formula and proportion of the special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco do not match the nutrient demand law required for the growth of cigar tobacco. The field growth period of cigar tobacco is shorter than that of flue-cured tobacco, with faster growth and stronger growth potential. Therefore, the nutrient release rate of the compound fertilizer for cigar tobacco leaves should be faster than that of the compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco. Cigar tobacco, especially the wrapper leaves, has strict quality requirements for physical appearance indexes such as the thickness and flatness of the leaves and the thickness of the secondary veins. Finally, the quality requirements for the internal chemical components of cigar tobacco are very different from those of flue-cured tobacco. For example, the sugar content in flue-cured tobacco leaves is high and the protein content is low, while cigar tobacco requires a low sugar content and a high protein content. Therefore, it is necessary to balance the ratio of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the fertilizer formula of cigar tobacco. The main forms of nitrogen absorbed by tobacco are ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. Tobacco cultivated with nitrate nitrogen has higher above-ground and root biomass compared with ammonium nitrogen. However, when using nitrate as the nitrogen source, the nicotine content will increase. Therefore, it is necessary to balance the ratio between nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the cigar tobacco fertilizer.

[0003] Currently, there is a lack of compound fertilizers suitable for the growth of cigar tobacco in production. Considering the above-mentioned fertilizer requirement law and quality requirements of cigar tobacco, it is necessary to develop a fertilizer for cigar tobacco that can balance the internal chemical components of cigar leaves. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a nitrogen fertilizer for cigar, a fertilizer and its application, which are suitable for the growth of cigar tobacco and can balance the internal chemical components of cigar leaves.

[0005] The present invention provides a nitrogen fertilizer for cigar, which includes nitrate nitrogen fertilizer and ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, and the molar ratio of the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer to the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is (0.66 - 1.50):1.

[0006] Preferably, the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is potassium nitrate and / or calcium nitrate, and the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium bicarbonate.

[0007] Preferably, the molar ratio of the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer to the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is 1:1.

[0008] The present invention also provides a fertilizer for cigar, which includes the nitrogen fertilizer for cigar according to any one of the above.

[0009] Preferably, by weight parts, the fertilizer components are as follows:

[0010]

[0011] Preferably, the decomposed oil cake is decomposed sesame cake.

[0012] Preferably, the phosphate fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate and / or diammonium phosphate.

[0013] Preferably, the potassium fertilizer is potassium nitrate and / or potassium sulfate.

[0014] Preferably, by weight parts, the ratio of N of the nitrogen fertilizer to K of the potassium fertilizer is (1-1.5):1.

[0015] The present invention also provides the application of any of the above nitrogen fertilizers for cigar or any of the above fertilizers for cigar in improving the quality of cigar.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] (1) The nitrogen fertilizer of the present invention can improve the soil environment in the root zone of tobacco plants, is beneficial to increasing the content of soil acid phosphatase, promoting the root development of tobacco plants, increasing the number of effective leaves, and balancing the internal chemical components of cigar leaves.

[0018] (2) The fertilizer of the present invention can promote the early and rapid growth of cigar in the early stage, increase the number of effective leaves, and significantly increase the dry and fresh weights of roots and leaves.

[0019] (3) The fertilizer of the present invention is beneficial to the growth of cigar, improves the quality of cigar, and can be applied to the batch planting of cigar. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 They are the physical investigation photos of the individuals in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 after applying fertilizers.

[0021] Figure 2 They are the physical investigation photos of the individuals in Example 1 and Example 2 after applying fertilizers.

[0022] Figure 3 They are the physical investigation photos of the individuals in Comparative Example 4 and Comparative Example 2 after applying fertilizers. Detailed Embodiments

[0023] The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. The experimental methods used in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0024] A nitrogen fertilizer for cigars, comprising nitrate nitrogen fertilizer and ammonium nitrogen fertilizer. The nitrate nitrogen fertilizer can be potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, etc., among which potassium nitrate and / or calcium nitrate are preferred. The ammonium nitrogen fertilizer can be ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonia water, liquid ammonia, etc., among which ammonium bicarbonate is preferred. The molar ratio of the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer to the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is (0.66 - 1.50):1, among which 1:1 is preferred.

[0025] A fertilizer for cigars, by weight, its components are as follows:

[0026]

[0027] Among them, the decomposed oil cake can be decomposed sesame cake, rapeseed, cottonseed, peanut meal, soybean meal, etc., preferably decomposed sesame cake. The phosphate fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate and / or diammonium phosphate. The potassium fertilizer is potassium nitrate and / or potassium sulfate. By weight, the ratio of N of the nitrogen fertilizer to K of the potassium fertilizer is preferably (1 - 1.5):1.

[0028] The preparation process of the fertilizer for cigars mainly includes:

[0029] (1) Metering and batching: Reconfirm the accuracy of the metering equipment before production feeding, and use multiple metering equipment for mutual inspection; strictly weigh the ingredients accurately according to the formula sheet, and make corresponding production feeding preparations.

[0030] (2) Mixing and stirring: The materials are operated according to the operation feeding sequence and stirring time; ensure the uniformity of the product after stirring; ensure the appearance uniformity of the next extruded granule product.

[0031] (3) Extrusion granulation: Before the materials enter the extruder, they need to be stirred and mixed evenly; after entering the extrusion granulation, confirm that the fertilizer particles meet the requirements; clean the extruder in time after production; clean the caking on the roller die, shaper, shaping gear, and sieve in time, and do a good job in anti-corrosion maintenance.

[0032] (4) Screening: The product is extruded into granules, and through screening, part of the fine materials are screened out and returned to the feeding and stirring for continuous mixing; the screened finished products enter the packaging bin.

[0033] (5) Metering and packaging: The extruded granules enter the packaging bin, and the operators ensure the accuracy of the operation when receiving and metering.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] The fertilizer for cigars in this example has the following components:

[0036] Decomposed sesame cake 50 g / plant,

[0037] Potassium nitrate 38.98 g / plant, ammonium bicarbonate 20.29 g / plant,

[0038] Phosphate fertilizer 20g / plant,

[0039] Calcium 28.15g / plant,

[0040] Potassium sulfate 6.57g / plant.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] The fertilizer for cigars in this embodiment has the following components:

[0043] 50g / plant of fermented sesame cake,

[0044] Potassium nitrate 25.95g / plant, ammonium bicarbonate 30.45g / plant,

[0045] Phosphate fertilizer 20g / plant,

[0046] Calcium 28.15g / plant,

[0047] Potassium sulfate 17.81g / plant.

[0048] Comparative Example 1

[0049] The compound fertilizer contains 46.62g potassium nitrate per plant, 14.85g calcium nitrate per plant and 28.15g calcium nitrate per plant. The compound fertilizer of Comparative Example 1 contains 100% nitrate nitrogen but no ammonium nitrogen.

[0050] Comparative Example 2

[0051] The compound fertilizer contains 50.81 g of ammonium bicarbonate per plant, 28.15 g of calcium carbonate per plant, and 40.16 g of potassium sulfate per plant. Comparative Example 2 The compound fertilizer contains 100% ammonium nitrogen but no nitrate nitrogen.

[0052] Comparative Example 3

[0053] The fertilizer for cigar tobacco in this comparative example has the following components:

[0054] 50g / plant of fermented sesame cake,

[0055] Potassium nitrate 46.62g / plant, calcium nitrate 4.35g / plant, ammonium bicarbonate 10.19g / plant,

[0056] Phosphate fertilizer 20g / plant,

[0057] Calcium 28.15g / plant.

[0058] Comparative Example 4

[0059] The fertilizer for cigar tobacco in this comparative example has the following components:

[0060] 50g / plant of fermented sesame cake,

[0061] Potassium nitrate 13.02g / plant, ammonium bicarbonate 40.65g / plant,

[0062] 20 g of phosphate fertilizer per plant,

[0063] 28.15 g of single superphosphate per plant,

[0064] 28.94 g of potassium sulfate per plant.

[0065] The following experiments were conducted on Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Examples 1 - 4:

[0066] 1. Effects of nitrogen ratio on the growth and nutrient utilization of cigar tobacco leaves

[0067] 1.1 Materials and methods: The tested cigar tobacco variety was Yunxue No. 39. The experiment was carried out at the Research and Experiment Base of Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences. The pH of the tested basic soil was 7.66, the organic matter was 27.03 g / kg, the available nitrogen was 146.78 mg / kg, the available phosphorus was 38.14 mg / kg, the available potassium was 223.69 mg / kg, the total nitrogen was 1.43 g / kg, the total phosphorus was 1.05 g / kg, the total potassium was 13.92 g / kg, the nitrate nitrogen was 64.67 mg / kg, and the ammonium nitrogen was 9.21 mg / kg.

[0068] 1.2 Experimental design: The experiment was set up with 7 experimental groups, and each experimental group had 20 replicates. They were respectively: (1) non - fertilization treatment; (2) fertilizer treatment of Comparative Example 3; (3) fertilizer treatment of Example 1; (4) fertilizer treatment of Example 2; (5) fertilizer treatment of Comparative Example 4; (6) fertilizer treatment of Comparative Example 1; (7) fertilizer treatment of Comparative Example 2. One healthy tobacco seedling with uniform growth was selected from each experimental group for simultaneous transplanting; except for the non - fertilization treatment, the fertilization methods and amounts of all treatments were the same.

[0069] 1.3 Sample collection and determination:

[0070] 1.3.1 Determination of agronomic traits

[0071] As Figures 1 - 3 shown, before topping, the plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, and the maximum leaf length and width of each treatment of tobacco plants were measured according to the tobacco agronomic trait investigation method (YC / T142 - 1998). At harvest, the single - leaf weight of the lower, middle, and upper leaves was measured respectively.

[0072] 1.3.2 Determination of dry and fresh weights of tobacco plants

[0073] Before topping, 6 most representative tobacco plants were selected from each plot, washed clean with water, and the fresh weights of roots, stems, and leaves were measured. After the measurement, they were blanched at 105 °C for 15 min and dried to a constant weight at 65 °C, and then the dry weights of roots, stems, and leaves were measured.

[0074] 1.3.3 Determination of chemical components in fresh leaves

[0075] Before topping, 6 most representative tobacco plants were selected from each plot. Before topping, 6 representative tobacco plants were selected from each plot to measure the total sugar content, reducing sugar content, nicotine content, chlorine content, and potassium content of the middle leaves. The nitrogen content of roots, stems, and leaves was measured to calculate the nitrogen utilization rate. The nitrogen accumulation in each organ = nitrogen content in the organ × dry weight of the organ, and the nitrogen distribution rate = nitrogen accumulation in the organ / sum of nitrogen accumulations in roots, stems, and leaves.

[0076] 1.3.4 Determination of soil nutrient content

[0077] Before transplanting, the basic soil samples were collected by the five-point method. Before topping, 6 most representative tobacco plants were selected from each plot for soil collection in the 0 - 20 cm plough layer. The pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium contents were measured.

[0078] 1.3.5 Determination of soil enzyme activity

[0079] Acid phosphatase (ACP), hydroxylamine reductase (HR), nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), urease (UE), and β - 1,4 - N - acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) were measured.

[0080] 1.4 Results and analysis

[0081] Table 1 Effects of nitrogen forms on the agronomic traits of cigar tobacco

[0082] Treatment Plant height (cm) Stem girth (cm) Maximum leaf length (cm) Maximum leaf width (cm) Number of effective leaves (pcs) Comparative Example 1 115.05a 5.47a 33.02a 17.98a 19.50c Comparative Example 3 109.95ab 5.30a 31.67a 17.63a 19.83bc Example 1 110.32ab 5.32a 32.32a 17.25a 21.00ab Example 2 109.23ab 5.10a 33.37a 17.83a 21.67a Comparative Example 4 109.37ab 5.37a 30.73a 17.50a 20.00bc Comparative Example 2 106.27b 5.20a 32.95a 17.43a 19.00c

[0083] Note: Different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0084] As can be seen from Table 1, in Comparative Example 1 (full nitrate nitrogen treatment), the plant height was significantly the highest, and in Comparative Example 2 (full ammonium nitrogen treatment), the plant height was significantly the lowest, and there were no significant differences in the other treatments. In Example 2 treatment, the number of effective leaves was significantly the highest, followed by Example 1 treatment.

[0085] Table 2 Effects of nitrogen forms on the dry and fresh weights of Yunxue tobacco leaves

[0086]

[0087]

[0088] Note: Different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0089] As can be seen from Table 2, in terms of fresh weight, the root fresh weights of Example 1 and Example 2 treatments were significantly higher, and there were no significant differences among the remaining treatments; the stem fresh weight of the Comparative Example 1 treatment was significantly the highest, the stem fresh weights of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 treatments were significantly lower, and there were no significant differences among the remaining treatments; the leaf fresh weights of Comparative Example 1 and Example 2 treatments were significantly higher than those of other treatments, and the leaf fresh weight of Comparative Example 2 treatment was significantly the lowest. In terms of dry weight, the root dry weight of the Example 2 treatment was significantly the highest, followed by the Example 1 treatment, and the remaining treatments were all significantly lower than those of Example 1 and Example 2 treatments, and there were no significant differences among the treatments; the stem dry weight of the Comparative Example 4 treatment was significantly the highest, and the stem dry weight of the Example 2 treatment was significantly the lowest, and the differences among the remaining treatments were not significant; the leaf dry weights of Comparative Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 4 treatments were relatively high, followed by Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 treatments, and the leaf dry weight of Comparative Example 2 treatment was significantly the lowest.

[0090] Table 3 Effects of nitrogen forms on the chemical components of fresh leaves of Yunxue 39

[0091]

[0092] Note: Different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0093] As can be seen from Table 3, with the increase in the proportion of ammonium nitrogen, there was little effect on the total sugar, reducing sugar, and total nitrogen of cigar tobacco, but it had an impact on the chlorine, potassium, and nicotine contents of cigar tobacco. The contents of chlorine and nicotine in cigar tobacco tended to increase with a high proportion of ammonium nitrogen, but the content of potassium showed a decreasing trend. The Example 1 treatment had the best effect on reducing chlorine and increasing potassium, but there was no obvious difference in the nicotine content.

[0094] Table 4 Effects of nitrogen forms on the soil nutrient contents of Yunxue 39

[0095]

[0096] Note: Different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0097] As can be seen from Table 4, each group of treatments had no obvious effect on the soil pH value, and the available phosphorus and total phosphorus contents in the soils of the Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 treatments were relatively high.

[0098] Table 5 Effects of nitrogen forms on the soil enzyme activities of Yunxue 39

[0099] Treatment S-HR S-ACP S-UE S-NR S-NIR S-NAG Comparative Example 1 210.16a 13658.40b 492.41a 13.23a 9.25a 2.56c Comparative Example 3 195.09b 15766.23ab 477.02ab 11.99a 10.22a 2.67c Example 1 189.40b 16657.07ab 469.45ab 8.57b 10.47a 2.87bc Example 2 181.63b 18688.89a 472.84ab 7.75b 10.99a 3.44ab Comparative Example 4 190.10b 14300.57ab 456.03b 3.99c 11.14a 3.52ab Comparative Example 2 192.74b 12978.99b 445.62b 3.10c 9.66a 3.90a

[0100] Note: Different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0101] As can be seen from Table 5, with the increase of ammonium nitrogen: nitrate nitrogen, S-HR as a whole shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. The S-HR of the treatment of Comparative Example 1 is significantly the highest, and there is no significant difference among the other treatments; with the increase of ammonium nitrogen: nitrate nitrogen, S-ACP as a whole shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The S-ACP of the treatment of Example 2 is significantly the highest, followed by the treatments of Comparative Example 3, Example 1, and Comparative Example 4. The S-ACP of the treatments of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 is relatively low; S-UE as a whole shows a decreasing trend with the increase of ammonium nitrogen: nitrate nitrogen. The S-UE of the treatment of Comparative Example 1 is significantly the highest, followed by the treatments of Comparative Example 3, Example 1, and Example 2. The S-UE of the treatments of Comparative Example 4 and Comparative Example 2 is significantly lower; S-NR as a whole shows a decreasing trend with the increase of ammonium nitrogen: nitrate nitrogen. The S-NR of the treatments of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 is significantly the highest, followed by the treatments of Example 1 and Example 2. The S-NR of the treatments of Comparative Example 4 and Comparative Example 2 is significantly lower; there is no significant difference in S-NIR among the treatments; S-NAG as a whole shows an increasing trend with the increase of ammonium nitrogen: nitrate nitrogen. The S-NAG of the treatment of Comparative Example 2 is significantly the highest, and the S-NAG of the treatments of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 is significantly the lowest, and there is no significant difference among the other treatments.

[0102] 1.5 Conclusions

[0103] From the perspective of the growth of tobacco plants, the treatment of Comparative Example 1 (full nitrate nitrogen) is beneficial to increasing plant height and the dry and fresh weights of leaves, but will reduce the number of effective leaves; the treatments of Example 1 and Example 2 are beneficial to increasing the number of effective leaves and the dry and fresh weights of roots and leaves; the treatment of Comparative Example 2 (full ammonium nitrogen) is not conducive to the upward growth of tobacco plants and the accumulation of the number of effective leaves. From the perspective of soil conditions, the full nitrate nitrogen treatment is beneficial to improving soil microbial biomass carbon and increasing the contents of soil hydroxylamine reductase, urease, and nitrate reductase; the treatments of Example 1 and Example 2 are beneficial to increasing the content of soil acid phosphatase; the treatment of Comparative Example 2 (full ammonium nitrogen) will increase the content of β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase, but will reduce the content of soil microbial biomass carbon and significantly inhibit acid phosphatase, urease, and nitrate reductase. In summary, the treatments of Example 1 and Example 2 are beneficial to increasing the content of soil acid phosphatase, promoting the root development of tobacco plants, and increasing the number of effective leaves; the full nitrate nitrogen treatment can improve soil microbial biomass carbon and promote the upward growth of tobacco plants, but will reduce the number of effective leaves; the full ammonium nitrogen treatment will reduce soil microbial biomass carbon and acid phosphatase activity, inhibit the growth of tobacco plants, and reduce the number of effective leaves.

[0104] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. The embodiments are merely examples given to clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

Claims

1. A nitrogen fertilizer for cigars, characterized in that, It includes nitrate nitrogen fertilizer and ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, and the molar ratio of the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer to the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is (0.66 - 1.50):

1.

2. The nitrogen fertilizer for cigars according to claim 1, wherein, The nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is potassium nitrate and / or calcium nitrate, and the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium bicarbonate.

3. The nitrogen fertilizer for cigars according to claim 1, characterized in that, The molar ratio of the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer to the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is 1:

1.

4. A fertilizer for cigars, characterized in that, It includes the nitrogen fertilizer for cigar according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. The fertilizer for cigars according to claim 4, wherein By weight, its components are as follows: 20 - 60 parts of decomposed oil cake, 20 - 40 parts of the nitrogen fertilizer, 10 - 30 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 30 - 60 parts of potassium fertilizer.

6. The fertilizer for cigars according to claim 5, characterized in that, The decomposed oil cake is decomposed sesame cake.

7. The fertilizer for cigars according to claim 5, characterized in that, The phosphate fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate and / or diammonium phosphate.

8. The fertilizer for cigars according to claim 5, wherein The potassium fertilizer is potassium nitrate and / or potassium sulfate.

9. The fertilizer for cigars according to claim 5, characterized in that, By weight, the ratio of N of the nitrogen fertilizer to K of the potassium fertilizer is (1 - 1.5):

1.

10. Application of the nitrogen fertilizer for cigar according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the fertilizer for cigar according to any one of claims 4 to 9 in improving the quality of cigar.

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