Symmetrical two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure

Abstract

The invention particularly relates to a symmetrical two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure, and belongs to the technical field of spillways. The first-stage energy dissipation structure is composed of overflow weirs in bilateral symmetry, drainage channels in bilateral symmetry and a first-stage stilling pool. According to the symmetrical two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure, all components are arranged on the dam body, spillways do not need to be excavated on the two banks, the occupied area is reduced, the excavation engineering amount is reduced, and the engineering investment is saved; in addition, a two-stage energy dissipation structure and various energy dissipation modes (such as convolution energy dissipation groove energy dissipation, collision energy dissipation, infiltration pore energy dissipation, energy dissipation tooth energy dissipation, underflow energy dissipation and energy dissipation assembly energy dissipation) are creatively adopted to jointly eliminate water flow energy, the effect is far better than that of a traditional spillway, and a downstream riverbed and the two banks are fully protected from being scoured and damaged by water flow; meanwhile, the symmetrical water drainage mode is beneficial to creating hydrophilic landscapes, and a good leisure and tourist place is provided for citizens and tourists.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of spillways, and particularly relates to a symmetric two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure. Background Art

[0002] In order to discharge the excess water volume of the reservoir, prevent the dam from being overtopped and failing, ensure the project safety, and meet the requirements of flood control regulation, ecological landscape, etc., spillways are generally required to be set in the earth-rock dam pivot or the concrete dam pivot with very poor downstream riverbed geological conditions. However, almost all of the existing spillways are set on both banks of the dam shoulder (referred to as the bank spillway). The structural layout of the bank spillway is often restricted by the geology and topography of both banks, resulting in large amounts of excavation and backfill work and a relatively large increase in investment. Therefore, if the spillway can be set on the dam body during the design of the water discharge scheme, it can not only overcome the disadvantages of the bank spillway, such as large land occupation, large excavation volume, and high investment, but also create a hydrophilic landscape and improve the water ecological environment. However, the requirement for the energy dissipation effect of the water flow on the dam body where the spillway is arranged is strict, otherwise it will cause serious scouring damage to the downstream riverbed and the banks on both sides. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a spillway that is arranged on the dam body and has a very good energy dissipation effect. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a symmetric two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure, which can greatly improve the energy dissipation effect of the water flow discharged by the spillway, and its energy dissipation effect is far better than that of the traditional unidirectional water flow bottom flow energy dissipation.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned invention purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: The embodiment of the present application provides a symmetric two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure, which is applied to a spillway. Along the length direction of the spillway, the spillway includes two symmetrically arranged overflow holes on the left and right, two symmetrically arranged discharge channels on the left and right, and a primary stilling basin. The primary stilling basin is arranged on the symmetry axis between the two overflow holes. The two discharge channels are arranged corresponding to the two overflow holes. The discharge channel is used to connect the overflow hole and the primary stilling basin. The discharge channel is connected to the WES overflow weir at the front in the length direction and the primary stilling basin at the back. The discharge channel is successively composed of an inclined side trough, a horizontal adjustment section, and an inclined discharge trough along the water flow direction.

[0005] In some embodiments, the water discharge channel extends along its length to the first-stage stilling basin. The inlet of the water discharge channel is arranged on the upstream side of the inclined side channel, and the overflow hole and the inlet of the water discharge channel are connected by a WES overflow weir. Along the axial direction of the overflow hole, the water flow surface of the WES overflow weir consists of three parts: a top curve section, a middle straight section, and a lower reverse arc section. The top curve section is further composed of an upstream connection section and a downstream connection section. The upstream connection section is composed of three arcs with different radii that are tangent to each other, and the downstream connection section adopts a WES power curve. Along the axis direction of the WES overflow weir, the elevation of the end of the lower reverse arc section gradually decreases from the shore side to the middle of the riverbed, so that a twisted surface is formed on the lower reverse arc section of the WES overflow weir. At the same time, the slope formed by the gradual decrease in the elevation of the end of the lower reverse arc section is exactly the same as the slope of the bottom plate of the inclined side channel along its length direction. Finally, the weir feet of the WES overflow weir are all tangent to the bottom plate of the inclined side channel at the connection to make the water flow surface transition smoothly.

[0006] In some embodiments, the water discharge channel is successively composed of the inclined side channel, the horizontal adjustment section (6), and the inclined discharge channel along the water flow direction. The water discharge channel includes outer side walls and inner side walls arranged oppositely along the width direction of the spillway. The outer side walls within the range of the inclined side channel turn 90° along an arc on the horizontal plane.

[0007] In some embodiments, at the inclined discharge channel, turning energy dissipation grooves are arranged on the water-facing side walls of the outer side walls and the inner side walls. The turning energy dissipation grooves penetrate the side wall of the side wall along the height direction of the outer side walls and the inner side walls respectively. The turning energy dissipation grooves are in a hook-shaped structure on the horizontal plane and the groove width gradually decreases from the inlet to the outlet. The two ends of the turning energy dissipation grooves penetrate the inner wall surface of the corresponding side wall. The curvature of the inlet of the turning energy dissipation groove is smaller while the curvature of the outlet is larger.

[0008] In some embodiments, a second-stage stilling basin is further included. The second-stage stilling basin is arranged on the downstream side of the first-stage stilling basin. The first-stage stilling basin and the second-stage stilling basin are connected by an energy dissipation tooth discharge channel arranged on the outlet dam surface on the downstream side of the first-stage stilling basin. The second-stage stilling basin is provided with a tail water channel. The energy dissipation tooth discharge channel is arranged on the upstream side of the second-stage stilling basin, and the tail water channel is arranged on the left or right side of the second-stage stilling basin.

[0009] In some embodiments, a plurality of randomly distributed and uneven energy dissipation teeth are arranged on the bottom plate of the energy dissipation tooth discharge channel.

[0010] In some embodiments, a drop sill is arranged at the end of the energy dissipation tooth discharge channel, and the drop sill is the upstream side wall of the second-stage stilling basin.

[0011] In some embodiments, the second-stage stilling basin includes a downstream side wall. The downstream side wall is arranged opposite to the drop sill, and a stilling component is arranged on the downstream side wall.

[0012] In some embodiments, the energy dissipation component includes an energy dissipation plate, a first elastic member, a piston cylinder, a plurality of piston portions, and a third elastic member. The energy dissipation plate is rotatably connected to the downstream side wall of the pool. The first elastic member is used to connect the energy dissipation plate and the downstream side wall of the pool. The piston cylinder is fixed on the downstream side wall of the pool. The axial direction of the piston cylinder is perpendicular to the downstream side wall of the pool. The piston cylinder includes a cylinder port and a water spray port. Both the cylinder port and the water spray port are provided on the side of the piston cylinder away from the downstream side wall of the pool, and both the cylinder port and the water spray port face the upstream side of the secondary energy dissipation pool.

[0013] The plurality of piston portions are arranged at intervals in sequence along the axial direction of the piston cylinder. Two adjacent piston portions are connected by a second elastic member. The plurality of piston portions are installed in the piston cylinder and are located on the upstream side of the downstream side wall of the pool. Among the plurality of piston portions, the piston portion closest to the piston cylinder is inserted into the cylinder port and slides along the inner wall of the piston cylinder with reliable sealing. Except for the piston portion farthest from the piston cylinder, through holes are provided at the centers of the other piston portions. When the plurality of piston portions move closer to the piston cylinder, between two adjacent piston portions, the through hole of the piston portion on the side close to the piston cylinder is blocked by the piston portion on the side away from the piston cylinder. The piston portion farthest from the piston cylinder abuts against the downstream surface of the energy dissipation plate. The third elastic member is used to connect the piston cylinder and the piston portion closest to the piston cylinder.

[0014] In some embodiments, the elastic coefficient of the second elastic member gradually decreases from the cylinder port towards the energy dissipation plate.

[0015] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] (1) This spillway innovatively adopts a two-stage energy dissipation structure and multiple energy dissipation methods to dissipate the kinetic energy of high-speed water flow. The first-stage energy dissipation structure consists of a left-right symmetric overflow weir, symmetric discharge channels, and a primary energy dissipation pool. When the water flow passes through the swirling energy dissipation grooves provided in the side walls on both sides of the discharge channel, the swirling energy dissipation grooves change the flow direction of this part of the tributary through diversion, and make the tributary in the groove collide with the original mainstream in the discharge channel sidewise for energy dissipation. Then it continues to flow into the primary energy dissipation pool along the left-right symmetric inclined discharge chute and dissipates energy through violent head-on collisions. Therefore, the first-stage energy dissipation structure mainly dissipates energy through two methods: sidewise collision of the swirling energy dissipation grooves and head-on collision in the primary energy dissipation pool, and its energy dissipation effect is far better than that of the traditional unidirectional water flow underflow energy dissipation structure.

[0017] (2) The second-level energy dissipation structure consists of an energy dissipation tooth chute, a second-level stilling basin, and a tailrace channel, which are arranged on the outlet dam surface on the downstream side of the first-level stilling basin. The bottom plate of the energy dissipation tooth chute is cast with concrete having good water permeability, and the surface of the bottom plate is provided with uneven energy dissipation teeth. When the water flow passes through the energy dissipation tooth chute, part of the water flow seeps into the internal pores of the bottom plate concrete and dissipates part of the energy during the flowing process, and the other part of the water flow flows on the surface of the bottom plate and collides with the energy dissipation teeth to dissipate energy. Then, the water flow continues to flow into the second-level stilling basin through the drop sill at the end of the chute. In the second-level stilling basin, the water flow dissipates most of its kinetic energy through bottom flow energy dissipation methods such as friction, aeration, collision, surface vortex rolling, and shear. At the same time, the energy dissipation components arranged on the downstream side pool wall of the second-level stilling basin can also dissipate part of the energy. Therefore, the second-level energy dissipation structure mainly dissipates energy through a combination of multiple methods such as infiltration pore energy dissipation, energy dissipation tooth energy dissipation, bottom flow energy dissipation, and energy dissipation component energy dissipation, and has an excellent energy dissipation effect.

[0018] The two-level energy dissipation structures cooperate with each other before and after, and multiple energy dissipation methods are applied jointly. Finally, most of the energy of the water flow discharged from the spillway is dissipated, making the water flow flow into the downstream original river channel more gently, protecting the downstream riverbed and both banks from scouring damage.

[0019] (3) Each component of this symmetric two-level energy dissipation spillway structure is arranged on the dam body, and there is no need to excavate the spillway on both banks. This not only reduces the floor area but also reduces the excavation and backfilling work volume, saves the project investment, and has good economic benefits.

[0020] (4) The use of a two-level energy dissipation structure and multiple energy dissipation methods (such as swirl energy dissipation trough energy dissipation, collision energy dissipation, infiltration pore energy dissipation, energy dissipation tooth energy dissipation, bottom flow energy dissipation, energy dissipation component energy dissipation, etc.) for combined energy dissipation has a far better effect than the energy dissipation structure of traditional spillways, and extremely well protects the downstream riverbed and both banks from scouring damage by water flow.

[0021] (5) This symmetric water discharge method is also conducive to creating a hydrophilic landscape and provides good leisure and tourism places for citizens and tourists.

[0022] (6) During the dry season, the water storage volumes in the first-level stilling basin and the second-level stilling basin can be artificially adjusted to change the operation mode of the spillway, that is, the water stored in the second-level stilling basin can be pumped back to the first-level stilling basin through a water pump according to actual needs at any time. When water discharge is required in the energy dissipation tooth chute during the dry season to meet the requirements of landscape creation, this pumping method can meet this operation requirement at any time. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0023] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the symmetric two-level energy dissipation spillway structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the WES overflow weir structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 Schematic longitudinal sectional view of the water discharge channel of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 Schematic plan layout view of the rotary energy dissipation tank of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 Front structural schematic view of the stilling component of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 Back structural schematic view of the stilling component of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 is Figure 6 enlarged view at location A of;

[0030] Figure 8 Schematic structural view of the piston cylinder of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 9 Schematic sectional view of the stilling component of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Structure numbers: 1 - spillway, 2 - overflow hole, 3 - WES overflow weir, 4 - primary stilling basin, 5 - inclined discharge chute, 6 - horizontal adjustment section, 7 - inclined side chute, 8 - water discharge channel, 9 - energy dissipation tooth discharge chute, 1O - energy dissipation tooth, 11 - drop sill, 12 - secondary stilling basin, 13 - downstream side wall of the secondary stilling basin, 14 - side wall of the energy dissipation tooth discharge chute, 15 - tailrace channel, 16 - outer side wall of the water discharge channel, 17 - inner side wall of the water discharge channel, 18 - rotary energy dissipation tank, 19 - stilling component, 20 - stilling plate, 21 - first elastic member, 22 - piston cylinder, 23 - piston part, 24 - first piston part, 25 - second piston part, 26 - third piston part, 27 - second elastic member, 28 - third elastic member, 29 - through hole, 30 - water spray opening. Detailed implementation manners

[0033] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. If not specifically specified, the technical means used in the embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "downstream side", "downstream surface", "upstream side", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the structure or part referred to must have a specific orientation, be arranged and composed in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation on the present invention.

[0035] See Figure 1 and Figure 3 , an embodiment of the present application provides a symmetric two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure, which is applied to the spillway 1. The first-stage energy dissipation structure is composed of an overflow hole 2, a WES overflow weir 3, a water discharge channel 8 and a first-stage stilling basin 4, and the second-stage energy dissipation structure is composed of an energy dissipation tooth chute 9, a second-stage stilling basin 12, a tailrace channel 15 and an energy dissipation component 19.

[0036] Along the length direction of the spillway 1, the spillway 1 includes two symmetrically arranged overflow holes 2 on the left and right. The two-stage energy dissipation structure of the symmetric spillway 1 includes a first-stage stilling basin 4 and two water discharge channels 8. The first-stage stilling basin 4 is arranged on the symmetry axis between the two overflow holes 2, and the two water discharge channels 8 are arranged corresponding to the two overflow holes 2. The water discharge channel 8 is used to connect the overflow hole 2 and the first-stage stilling basin 4. Along the water flow direction (i.e., the length direction), the water discharge channel 8 is connected to the WES overflow weir 3 at the front and the first-stage stilling basin 4 at the rear, and the water discharge channel 8 is successively composed of an inclined side groove 7, a horizontal adjustment section 6 and an inclined discharge chute 5.

[0037] The length direction can be the direction shown by the Y axis in the figure or the direction shown by the X axis.

[0038] The overflow hole 2 of the spillway 1 is used to discharge water flow.

[0039] The first-stage stilling basin 4 is arranged on the symmetry axis between the two overflow holes 2, so that the water flow discharged from the two overflow holes 2 flows into the first-stage stilling basin 4 symmetrically from the left and right. The water flows collide head-on in the first-stage stilling basin 4, thereby dissipating the kinetic energy of the water flow and greatly improving the energy dissipation effect.

[0040] The water flow discharged from the two overflow holes 2 flows into the first-stage stilling basin 4 through the symmetrically arranged water discharge channels 8 on the left and right.

[0041] The water flow flows from the WES overflow weir 3 into the discharge channel 8. First, it makes a 90° turn in the inclined side channel 7. At this time, the water flow pattern in the inclined side channel 7 is generally relatively disordered. Then the water flow continues to flow into the horizontal adjustment section 6, so that the disordered water flow can be adjusted in time in the horizontal adjustment section 6, and the water flow pattern becomes smoother. The water flow after the flow pattern adjustment then symmetrically flows into the first-stage energy dissipation pool 4 along the inclined discharge chute 5. Finally, the water flow collides head-on and dissipates energy in the first-stage energy dissipation pool 4, and the energy dissipation effect is much better than that of the traditional single-way water flow bottom flow energy dissipation structure.

[0042] In order to improve the head-on collision energy dissipation effect of the water flow, the first-stage energy dissipation pool 4 should be arranged on the axis of symmetry between the two overflow holes 2, and the two discharge channels 8 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the first-stage energy dissipation pool 4.

[0043] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments, the discharge channel 8 extends along the length direction. The inlet of the discharge channel 8 is arranged on the upstream side of the inclined side channel 7. The overflow hole 2 and the inlet of the discharge channel 8 are connected through the WES overflow weir 3. The water flow discharged from the overflow hole 2 enters the discharge channel 8 through the WES overflow weir 3. Along the axis of the overflow hole 2 (i.e., the water flow direction in the hole), the water flow surface of the WES overflow weir 3 consists of a top curve section, a middle straight section, and a lower reverse arc section. The top curve section is composed of an upstream connection section and a downstream connection section. The upstream connection section is composed of three arcs with different radii that are tangent to each other, while the downstream connection section adopts the WES power curve. Along the axis direction of the WES overflow weir 3 (perpendicular to the water flow direction on the weir), the elevation of the end of the lower reverse arc section (i.e., the weir toe) gradually decreases from the shore side to the middle of the riverbed, so that the WES overflow weir 3 forms a twisted surface in the lower reverse arc section. At the same time, the slope formed by the gradually decreasing elevation of the end of the lower reverse arc section is exactly the same as the slope of the bottom plate of the inclined side channel 7 along the length direction. Finally, the weir toe of the WES overflow weir 3 is tangent to the bottom plate of the inclined side channel 7 at the connection to make the water flow surface transition smoothly, so that the water flow pattern on the water flow surface of the WES overflow weir 3 is more stable and can flow smoothly into the inclined side channel 7.

[0044] See Figure 1 In some embodiments, the discharge channel 8 extends along the length direction. Along the width direction of the spillway 1, the discharge channel 8 includes outer side walls 16 and inner side walls 17 that are oppositely arranged. The outer side walls 16 within the range of the inclined side channel 7 turn 90° along an arc on the horizontal plane. The advantage of such an arrangement is that the water flow flowing into the inclined side channel 7 can be guided as smoothly as possible to the horizontal adjustment section 6. The width direction of the spillway 1 is parallel to the direction shown by the X-axis in the figure.

[0045] See Figure 1 and Figure 4, in some embodiments, at the inclined chute 5, swirling energy dissipation grooves 18 are provided on the water-facing sidewalls of the outer sidewall 16 and the inner sidewall 17. The swirling energy dissipation grooves 18 penetrate the sidewall sidewalls along the height directions of the outer sidewall 16 and the inner sidewall 17 respectively.

[0046] The swirling energy dissipation groove 18 has a hook-shaped structure on the horizontal plane, and the groove width gradually decreases from the inlet (provided on one side of the inclined chute 5 close to the horizontal adjustment section 6) to the outlet (provided on one side of the inclined chute 5 close to the first stilling basin 4), so that the water pressure in the groove gradually increases from the inlet to the outlet, avoiding cavitation damage.

[0047] Viewed from the horizontal plane, the inlet curvature of the swirling energy dissipation groove 18 is smaller while the outlet curvature is larger. The advantage of such an arrangement is that it can smoothly turn the tributary in the groove and form a backflow structure, and finally make the tributary flowing out of the swirling energy dissipation groove 18 collide with the mainstream side in the inclined chute 5 to achieve the energy dissipation purpose.

[0048] Along the length direction of the water discharge channel 8, several swirling energy dissipation grooves 18 can be arranged at intervals.

[0049] See Figure 1 , in some embodiments, it further includes a second stilling basin 12. The second stilling basin 12 is arranged on the downstream side of the first stilling basin 4. The first stilling basin 4 and the second stilling basin 12 are communicated through an energy dissipation tooth chute 9 provided on the outlet dam surface on the downstream side of the first stilling basin.

[0050] In some embodiments, energy dissipation tooth chute sidewalls 14 are provided on the left and right sides of the energy dissipation tooth chute 9. This sidewall can prevent water flow from overflowing when the flow rate is too large and endanger the safety of adjacent buildings.

[0051] In some embodiments, a plurality of randomly distributed and uneven energy dissipation teeth 10 are provided on the bottom surface of the energy dissipation tooth chute 9. In actual engineering, the energy dissipation teeth 10 can be landscape stones, concrete structures, etc.

[0052] By fixedly arranging the energy dissipation teeth 10 on the bottom plate surface of the energy dissipation tooth chute 9, on the one hand, it can dissipate the kinetic energy of the downstream water flow in the energy dissipation tooth chute 9, and on the other hand, the impact water flowers in the chute can also enhance the spectacular degree of the water discharge landscape.

[0053] In some embodiments where the energy dissipation teeth 10 are made of landscape stones, the landscape stones can also be fixedly arranged in a full paving manner to form a fixed landscape stone layer, and there are different row and column spacings between the landscape stones. At the same time, the bottom plate of the energy dissipation tooth chute 9 can adopt highly permeable concrete. When the water flow passes through the energy dissipation tooth chute 9, part of the water flow seeps into the internal pores of the bottom plate concrete and dissipates part of the energy during the flow process, and the other part of the water flow flows on the bottom plate surface and collides with the energy dissipation teeth 10 to dissipate energy.

[0054] In some embodiments, a drop sill 11 (i.e., the upstream side wall of the secondary stilling basin 12) is provided at the end of the energy dissipation tooth chute 9.

[0055] The drop sill 11 creates a certain elevation difference between the end of the bottom plate of the energy dissipation tooth chute 9 and the bottom plate of the secondary stilling basin 12. When the water flow drops from the end of the bottom plate of the energy dissipation tooth chute 9 into the secondary stilling basin 12, the thickness of the cushion formed by the drop sill in the secondary stilling basin 12 can prevent the water flow falling into the basin from directly impacting the bottom plate of the basin, and at the same time can force the main flow falling into the basin to generate reverse vortices on the surface of the water tongue to form a bottom flow energy dissipation mode. Therefore, the drop sill 11 not only protects the bottom plate of the basin from impact damage, but also greatly enhances the energy dissipation effect.

[0056] See Figure 1 and Figure 5 , in some embodiments, the secondary stilling basin 12 includes a downstream side wall 13, an upstream side wall (i.e., the drop sill 11), and a tailrace canal 15. The downstream side wall 13 is arranged opposite to the energy dissipation tooth chute 9, and a stilling component 19 is provided on the downstream side wall 13.

[0057] In this embodiment, the tailrace canal 15 is arranged on the left or right side of the secondary stilling basin 12. The water flow in the basin flows smoothly into the downstream river through the bottom flow energy dissipation and the energy dissipation of the stilling component and then through the tailrace canal 15.

[0058] The stilling component 19 is used to slow down the impact of the water flow on the downstream side wall 13 of the secondary stilling basin, convert the kinetic energy of the water flow into elastic potential energy, and at the same time use the water flow ejected from the water spray opening 30 to collide with the water flow in the basin, thereby further increasing the energy dissipation effect.

[0059] See Figure 1 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 , in some embodiments, the stilling component 19 includes a stilling plate 20, a first elastic member 21, a piston cylinder 22, a second elastic member 27, a plurality of piston portions 23, and a third elastic member 28. The stilling plate 20 is rotatably connected to the downstream side wall 13 of the secondary stilling basin. The first elastic member 21 is used to connect the stilling plate 20 and the downstream side wall 13. The piston cylinder 22 is fixed on the wall surface of the downstream side wall 13. The axis of the piston cylinder 22 is perpendicular to the downstream side wall 13. The piston cylinder 22 includes a cylinder opening and a water spray opening 30. Both the cylinder opening and the water spray opening 30 are arranged on the side of the piston cylinder 22 away from the downstream side wall 13, and both the cylinder opening and the water spray opening 30 face the upstream side of the secondary stilling basin 12.

[0060] A plurality of piston parts 23 are arranged at intervals in sequence along the axial direction of the piston cylinder 22 (i.e., perpendicular to the downstream side pool wall 13). Adjacent two piston parts 23 are connected by a second elastic member 27. The plurality of piston parts 23 are installed in the piston cylinder 22 and located on the upstream side of the downstream side pool wall 13. Among the plurality of piston parts 23, the piston part 23 closest to the piston cylinder 22 is inserted into the cylinder opening and slides along the inner wall of the piston cylinder 22 with reliable sealing. Except for the piston part 23 farthest from the piston cylinder 22, through holes 29 are provided at the centers of the other piston parts 23. When the plurality of piston parts 23 move closer to the piston cylinder 22, between adjacent two piston parts 23, the through hole 29 of the piston part 23 on the side close to the piston cylinder 22 is blocked by the piston part 23 on the side far from the piston cylinder 22. The piston part 23 farthest from the piston cylinder 22 abuts against the downstream surface of the energy dissipating plate 20. A third elastic member 28 is used to connect the piston cylinder 22 and the piston part 23 closest to the piston cylinder 22.

[0061] The energy dissipating plate 20 can be rotatably connected to the downstream side pool wall 13 of the secondary energy dissipating pool at the top and is movably arranged at the bottom. When the water flow falling into the pool impacts on the energy dissipating plate 20, the energy dissipating plate 20 can buffer the impact of the water flow.

[0062] The first elastic member 21 can be a spring. When the energy dissipating plate 20 is impacted by the water flow, the energy dissipating plate 20 approaches the downstream side pool wall 13, and the first elastic member 21 is used to provide an elastic force for resetting the energy dissipating plate 20 upstream.

[0063] [[ID=·9]]The cylinder opening of the piston cylinder 22 is used to enable the plurality of piston parts 23 to enter and exit the piston cylinder 22.

[0064] The water spraying port 30 of the piston cylinder 22 is used to spray out the water flow accumulated inside the piston cylinder 22 when the plurality of piston parts 23 move into the piston cylinder 22 and form a closed cylinder body.

[0065] A matching structure can be provided between adjacent two piston parts 23 so that the piston parts 23 can only move along the axial direction of the piston cylinder 22. For example, between adjacent two piston parts 23, one of them can be provided with a guide rod, and the other can be provided with a guide hole, and the guide rod passes through the guide hole.

[0066] The second elastic member 27 can be a spring. The second elastic member 27 is used to connect adjacent piston parts 23 and provide an elastic force for resetting all the piston parts 23 to move in a direction away from the piston cylinder 22.

[0067] When the water flow velocity is small, under the action of the second elastic member 27, the plurality of piston parts 23 can form a multi-stage buffer structure, which can not only increase the buffering effect of the energy dissipating plate 20 on the water flow, but also reduce the risk of damage to the first elastic member 21 and the second elastic member 27.

[0068] When the water flow velocity is large enough, the external force exerted by the energy dissipating plate 20 on all the piston parts 23 can cause these piston parts 23 to abut against each other. At this time, all the piston parts 23 form a closed structure. Then, under the action of the water flow in the pool, the energy dissipating plate 20 continues to approach the downstream side wall 13 of the pool, pushing these piston parts 23 to continue moving into the piston cylinder 22. These closed piston parts 23 can generate a squeezing force on the water flow in the piston cylinder 22, forcing the water flow in the piston cylinder 22 to be ejected upstream from the water spraying port 30, and then colliding with the water flow falling into the pool from the energy dissipating tooth discharge groove 9 to dissipate energy.

[0069] The third elastic member 28 can be a spring. The third elastic member 28 is used to connect the piston cylinder 22 and the piston part 23 closest to the piston cylinder 22, and provides an elastic force to reset the piston part 23 closest to the piston cylinder 22 in the direction away from the piston cylinder 22.

[0070] After the spraying ends, under the action of the second elastic member 27, two adjacent piston parts 23 are separated, so that the through hole 29 of the piston part 23 is opened, and the cylinder port side of the piston cylinder 22 is communicated with the water flow in the secondary energy dissipating pool 12 again. On the one hand, the risk that the piston part 23 is difficult to reset due to the possible negative pressure in the piston cylinder 22 is reduced; on the other hand, the water flow in the pool can enter the piston cylinder 22 again to prepare for the next extrusion and spraying.

[0071] In some embodiments, starting from the second elastic member 27 closest to the piston cylinder 22, the elastic coefficients of the second elastic members 27 in the direction towards the energy dissipating plate 20 gradually decrease, that is, the second elastic members 27 farther away from the piston cylinder 22 are more likely to deform.

[0072] The advantage of this setting is that when multiple piston parts 23 form a multi-stage buffer structure, the second elastic member 27 can be compressed step by step, increasing the service life of the second elastic member 27. Moreover, when the water flow impact force is too large, the spraying effect of the piston cylinder 22 can be increased. For example, starting from the piston part 23 farthest away from the piston cylinder 22, the multiple piston parts 23 are respectively set as the first piston part 24, the second piston part 25, the third piston part 26, ……, the Nth piston part. Under the impact of the water flow, first, the first piston part 24 and the second piston part 25 are closed. The through hole 29 of the second piston part 25 can form a water storage structure. When the first piston part 24 and the second piston part 25 move together towards the third piston part 26, the first piston part 24 and the second piston part 25 can drive the water flow to move towards the piston cylinder 22, and so on until all the piston parts 23 abut against each other. In this way, before multiple piston parts 23 enter the piston cylinder 22, the water spraying port 30 of the piston cylinder 22 can start spraying water flow in advance, greatly enhancing the energy dissipation effect of the water flow.

[0073] The above embodiments are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations, variations, modifications, and substitutions made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A symmetric two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure is applied to a spillway (1). Along the length direction of the spillway (1), the spillway (1) includes two overflow holes (2) symmetrically arranged on the left and right. It is characterized in that, Including: A primary energy dissipation pool (4), which is arranged on the symmetry axis between the two overflow holes (2); Two discharge channels (8), which are arranged corresponding to the two overflow holes (2). The discharge channels (8) are used to connect the overflow holes (2) and the primary energy dissipation pool (4). Along the water flow direction, the front of the discharge channel (8) is connected to the WES overflow weir (3) and the rear is connected to the primary energy dissipation pool (4). The discharge channel (8) is successively composed of an inclined side channel (7), a horizontal adjustment section (6) and an inclined discharge chute (5) along the water flow direction.

2. The symmetric two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure according to claim 1, wherein The discharge channel (8) extends along the length direction to the primary energy dissipation pool (4). The inlet of the discharge channel (8) is arranged on the upstream side of the inclined side channel (7). The overflow hole (2) and the inlet of the discharge channel (8) are connected through the WES overflow weir (3). Along the axial direction of the overflow hole (2), the water flow surface of the WES overflow weir (3) is composed of a top curve section, a middle straight line section and a lower reverse arc section. The top curve section is composed of an upstream connection section and a downstream connection section. The upstream connection section is composed of three arcs with different radii and tangent to each other. The downstream connection section adopts a WES power curve. Along the axial direction of the WES overflow weir (3), the elevation of the end of the lower reverse arc section gradually decreases from the shore side to the middle of the river bed, so that the WES overflow weir (3) forms a twisted surface at the lower reverse arc section. At the same time, the slope formed by the gradual decrease of the elevation of the end of the lower reverse arc section is exactly the same as the slope of the bottom plate of the inclined side channel (7) along the length direction. Finally, the weir foot of the WES overflow weir (3) is tangent to the bottom plate of the inclined side channel (7) at the joint to make the water flow surface transition smoothly.

3. The symmetric two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The discharge channel (8) is successively composed of the inclined side channel (7), the horizontal adjustment section (6) and the inclined discharge chute (5) along the water flow direction. The discharge channel (8) includes outer side walls (16) and inner side walls (17) arranged opposite to each other along the width direction of the spillway (1). The outer side walls (16) within the range of the inclined side channel (7) turn 90° along an arc on the horizontal plane.

4. The symmetric two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, At the inclined discharge chute (5), turning energy dissipation grooves (18) are arranged on the water-facing side walls of the outer side walls (16) and the inner side walls (17). The turning energy dissipation grooves (18) penetrate the side wall sides along the height directions of the outer side walls (16) and the inner side walls (17) respectively. The turning energy dissipation grooves (18) are in a hook-shaped structure on the horizontal plane and the groove width gradually decreases from the inlet to the outlet. The two ends of the turning energy dissipation grooves (18) penetrate the inner wall surfaces of the corresponding side walls. The curvature of the inlet of the turning energy dissipation grooves (18) is small while the curvature of the outlet is large.

5. The symmetric two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a secondary stilling basin (12), which is arranged on the downstream side of the primary stilling basin (4). The primary stilling basin (4) and the secondary stilling basin (12) are connected through an energy dissipation tooth discharge chute (9) arranged on the outlet dam surface on the downstream side of the primary stilling basin. The secondary stilling basin (12) is provided with a tailrace channel (15). The energy dissipation tooth discharge chute (9) is arranged on the upstream side of the secondary stilling basin (12), and the tailrace channel (15) is arranged on the left or right side of the secondary stilling basin (12).

6. The symmetric two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure according to claim 5, characterized in that A plurality of randomly distributed and uneven energy dissipation teeth (10) are arranged on the bottom plate of the energy dissipation tooth discharge chute (9).

7. The symmetric two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure according to claim 5, characterized in that A drop sill (11) is arranged at the end of the energy dissipation tooth discharge chute (9), and the drop sill (11) is the upstream side pool wall of the secondary stilling basin (12).

8. The symmetric two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The secondary stilling basin (12) includes a downstream side pool wall (13), which is arranged opposite to the drop sill (11), and an energy dissipation component (19) is arranged on the downstream side pool wall (13).

9. The symmetric two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The energy dissipation component (19) includes: An energy dissipation plate (20), which is rotatably connected to the downstream side pool wall (13); A first elastic member (21) for connecting the energy dissipation plate (20) and the downstream side pool wall (13); A piston cylinder (22), which is fixed to the downstream side pool wall (13). The axial direction of the piston cylinder (22) is perpendicular to the downstream side pool wall (13). The piston cylinder (22) includes a cylinder opening and a water spraying opening (30). Both the cylinder opening and the water spraying opening (30) are arranged on the side of the piston cylinder (22) far from the downstream side pool wall (13), that is, both the cylinder opening and the water spraying opening (30) face the upstream side of the secondary stilling basin (12); A plurality of piston parts (23), which are arranged at intervals in sequence along the axial direction of the piston cylinder (22). Adjacent two piston parts (23) are connected by a second elastic member (27). A plurality of piston parts (23) are installed in the piston cylinder (22) and are located on the upstream side of the downstream side pool wall (13). Among a plurality of piston parts (23), the piston part (23) closest to the piston cylinder (22) is inserted into the cylinder opening and slides along the inner wall of the piston cylinder (22) with reliable sealing. Except for the piston part (23) farthest from the piston cylinder (22), through holes (29) are arranged at the centers of the other piston parts (23). When a plurality of piston parts (23) move closer to the piston cylinder (22), between adjacent two piston parts (23), the through hole (29) of the piston part (23) on the side close to the piston cylinder (22) is blocked by the piston part (23) on the side far from the piston cylinder (22), and the piston part (23) farthest from the piston cylinder (22) abuts against the downstream surface of the energy dissipation plate (20); A third elastic member (28) connecting the piston cylinder (22) and the piston part (23) closest to the piston cylinder (22).

10. The symmetric two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, The elastic coefficient of each of the second elastic members (27) gradually decreases in the direction from the cylinder opening towards the energy dissipating plate (20).

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