High-standard farmland ecological drainage open trench structure and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-standard farmland ecological drainage open trench structure and a construction method thereof.The high-standard farmland ecological drainage open trench structure structurally comprises an inverted-trapezoid-shaped trench, fair-faced rubble and cement mortar, a concrete bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the inverted-trapezoid-shaped trench, and a plurality of rectangular holes used for planting plants are formed in the middle of the bottom plate; side walls piled by clear water rubbles are arranged on the two sides of the inverted trapezoidal groove, whole rubbles for coping are arranged on the tops of the side walls, and slope making covering soil extending to the farmland is arranged on the two sides of a protection wall formed by the whole rubbles; the construction method comprises the construction steps of surveying and setting out, surface cleaning engineering, trench excavation and compaction, concrete formwork erecting and pouring and material paving. The ecological open drain is based on ecological rubbles, and by means of the measures of adding geotechnical cloth in the ditch building process, adding aquatic plants in the ditch body and the like, the capacity of purifying water quality and maintaining biological diversity is achieved while the farmland water recession problem is solved; the ecological drainage ditch has the advantages of being low in comprehensive manufacturing cost, low in maintenance cost, good in landscape effect and high in ecological benefit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to farmland water conservancy projects, and particularly to a high-standard farmland ecological drainage open ditch structure and its construction method. Background Art

[0002] The high-standard farmland ecological drainage open ditch technology stems from the dual needs of farmland wastewater treatment and ecological protection in modern agricultural development. Traditional concrete drainage ditches have a single function, which not only leads to the direct discharge of pollutants such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides in farmland wastewater, exacerbating water eutrophication, but also destroys biological habitats due to the rigid structure, and there are problems such as landscape fragmentation and high maintenance costs.

[0003] With the promotion of the concepts of ecological agriculture and sustainable development, policy requirements such as the construction of high-standard farmland in the country demand that the drainage system be both functional and ecological, reflecting a harmonious scene in harmony with the environment. Chinese Utility Model Patent No. 202420025076.9 discloses a drainage channel for high-standard farmland irrigation, which is located at the upper end of the farmland ground. Installation grooves and railing plates are provided on the inner wall of the drainage channel. The drainage channel is formed by concrete pouring and is trapezoidally arranged, which can prevent water seepage in the drainage channel. An interception mechanism is provided inside the drainage channel to intercept large-volume debris in the irrigation water, facilitating the timely cleaning of silt. The entire drainage channel of the above patent is formed by concrete pouring, resulting in a large amount of concrete consumption and difficulty in later demolition. More importantly, the water on both sides of the ditch cannot directly flow into the drainage ditch, nor can it achieve harmonious coexistence with high-standard farmland, resulting in a rigid disharmony and landscape fragmentation. Based on this, we need to redesign the existing drainage ditches above to achieve a drainage open ditch that is coordinated and adapted to high-standard farmland and in harmonious coexistence. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies existing in the above-mentioned prior art, and provide a high-standard farmland ecological drainage open ditch structure and its construction method. The ecological drainage open ditch of the present invention should be adapted to high-standard ecological farmland, and be able to achieve the dual effects of drainage effect and landscape integration, so that the ecological drainage ditch has the effects of low comprehensive cost, low maintenance cost, good landscape effect and high ecological benefit.

[0005] In order to achieve the above invention purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention patent is as follows:

[0006] An ecological drainage open ditch structure for high-standard farmland, which is set in high-standard farmland to realize the functions of drainage and landscape integration. It is characterized in that the drainage open ditch consists of a bottom plate, concrete foot protection, rubble slope protection, integral stone coping and covering soil. The high-standard farmland is excavated with a drainage trench according to the drainage plan. The drainage trench is in an inverted T shape. A bottom plate made of concrete is provided at the bottom of the drainage trench. Concrete foot protection is provided on both sides of the bottom plate. A plurality of planting areas are arranged at intervals in the middle of the bottom plate. The planting areas are connected to the soil at the bottom. Aquatic plants are planted in the planting areas. Geotextiles are laid closely against the soil on both sides of the trench. A plurality of clear-water rubble stones with similar specifications are stacked on the geotextiles. The adjacent clear-water rubble stones are bonded and fixed with cement mortar. The connected clear-water rubble stones form a rubble slope protection. The clear-water rubble stones at the bottom of the rubble slope protection are fixed on the concrete foot protection. An integral stone coping is arranged at the top of the rubble slope protection. The integral stone coping is composed of a plurality of adjacent large rubble stones and is fixed on the rubble slope protection with cement mortar. Covering soil is provided on the integral stone coping as the surface layer. The covering soil is connected to the soil of the standard farmland to form an integrated whole.

[0007] In an ecological drainage open ditch structure for high-standard farmland of the present invention, the planting area is a rectangular frame reserved during the casting of the bottom plate. Aquatic plants are planted in the soil within the rectangular frame. The aquatic plants are selected for planting according to the weather and seasons.

[0008] In an ecological drainage open ditch structure for high-standard farmland of the present invention, when the trench is excavated and the bottom plate is cast, an inclination angle is set according to the drainage requirements.

[0009] The present invention also provides a construction method for an ecological drainage open ditch structure for high-standard farmland. The construction method includes the following steps:

[0010] The first step is technical preparation. Based on the requirements of ecological drainage for high-standard farmland, the open ditch drainage structure is designed, and construction equipment, ecological rubble stones, geotextiles and commercial concrete are prepared. The construction process is formulated according to the goals of purifying the return water of high-standard farmland and maintaining biodiversity.

[0011] The second step is measurement and setting out. Benchmark points and coordinate reference points for the drainage open ditch are set in the high-standard farmland. The survey work of re-measuring the traverse, densifying the traverse points, re-measuring the benchmark points and densifying the benchmark points is completed. The design elevation and the surveyed elevation are calculated to obtain the values of the excavation depth and the terrain piling height.

[0012] The third step is to clear the surface and excavate the soil for the trench. The surface weeds, tree roots and crops in the construction area are thoroughly removed, and the roadbed is rolled and leveled. An excavator is used for the excavation and leveling operations of the trench, and a rammer is used for the compaction operation of the trench.

[0013] Step 4: Foundation leveling. Before concrete pouring, thoroughly remove the silt and debris at the bottom of the trench, and implement waterproof and drainage measures.

[0014] Step 5: Pour the bottom slab cushion. Reserve aquatic plant planting areas at intervals of 4 - 8m. At the same time, block the joints and holes inside the formwork for formwork support to ensure the tightness and stability of the formwork. During pouring, the supply of commercial concrete should be ensured to be timely and continuous to ensure the smooth progress of the ramming work. During the concrete pouring process, closely observe the state of the formwork. When deformation or displacement is found, immediately stop the pouring operation and handle it in a timely manner. After the handling is completed, continue pouring. After the concrete is vibrated densely, the surface should be leveled with a wooden float.

[0015] Step 6: Curing and inspection of the bottom slab. After the concrete is poured, cover and water the bottom slab within 12h. When watering, adopt the method of small amounts and multiple times to ensure that the concrete can maintain a sufficient moist state, but avoid flooding to prevent affecting the stability of the trench and causing collapse. The curing period should be no less than 7 days and nights. After the strength of the poured concrete reaches 1.2MPa, pedestrians are allowed to walk on it and upper construction can be carried out. When pouring concrete outdoors during the rainy season, a seasonal construction plan should be prepared, cover materials should be prepared in advance, and effective protective measures should be taken to ensure that the quality of the concrete is not affected by rain.

[0016] Step 7: Installation of the channel body. Transport the rubble materials to the designated storage yard of the project for pretreatment. Sort the block stones according to the width of the channel body. Use a combination of machinery and manual labor to perform secondary processing on the larger stones. Transport the processed block stones to the excavated construction channel section for standby using machinery. Before the installation construction, conduct an overall review of the elevation of the ditch and the excavation section to ensure that it meets the design requirements, and have it signed and confirmed by relevant personnel. After checking the formed section of the trench excavation, carry out the paving operation from the downstream to the upstream according to the design elevation. Lay geotextile on the back during the laying of the ditch, reserve the consolidation length at the upper and lower ends, and fix it with wooden strips and iron wires at both ends. Layer by layer, stack the fair-faced rubble to form a rubble slope protection. Wait for about one week after the overall masonry is completed. After the ecological ditch has settled and stabilized, carry out the calibration and reinforcement operation. After the calibration is completed, start the coping construction.

[0017] Step 8: Cover soil and create slopes. Carry out the soil covering operation 2 - 3 days after the coping construction is completed, so that the covered soil is connected with the farmland soil to form an integrated slope, which not only plays a role in water and soil sealing but also provides space for plant growth.

[0018] Step 9: Plant seedlings, and plant aquatic plants in a timely manner according to the weather conditions to obtain a drainage ditch with the rough natural texture of stone and a corresponding plant community consistent with the high-standard ecological farmland.

[0019] In the third step, before the trench excavation, construction layout work is carried out to restore the center piles and side piles. One is set every 20m in the straight section and at intervals of 10m in the curve section. Additional piles are reasonably added according to local conditions in combination with the site situation, and a grid is marked with lime lines as a reference basis for excavation. The excavator is used to level strictly according to the design requirements. During the trench excavation construction process, special personnel are arranged to follow the machine for supplementary piling, measurement, and longitudinal, transverse, and diagonal wire-pulling to check the elevation, and rectification is carried out in a timely manner. In the final leveling stage of the trench, leveling operations are carried out according to the design elevation, following the principle of "rather higher than lower, rather shoveled than filled". At the same time, special personnel are still arranged to follow the machine for supplementary piling, testing, wire-pulling, and shaping work. The compaction operation is carried out from both sides of the trench to the middle splicing part until the compaction degree reaches the qualified standard.

[0020] In the third step, for the part where the phenomenon of "springy soil" appears during the trench excavation, the treatment method of digging out, mixing with lime, sunning, backfilling, and leveling is adopted to ensure that the compaction degree of the trench meets the requirements. During the trench filling process, it is necessary to fill 50cm wider to facilitate better compaction operation.

[0021] In the fifth step, during pouring, first use an insertion vibrator for vibration operation. When vibrating, the principle of fast insertion and slow extraction should be followed. The insertion points should be arranged evenly, moved point by point in sequence to ensure that no vibration point is missed, so as to achieve the effect of dense vibration. When vibrating, the moving distance should not be greater than 1.5 times the action radius of the vibrator.

[0022] In the seventh step, an elevation control pile is set on the side of the trench every 20 meters, and a control line is set between the two elevation control piles to ensure the same elevation on both sides of the ditch.

[0023] In the seventh step, during the masonry of the channel body, it is masoned in layers of 20 - 30CM, the backfill soil is backfilled layer by layer and compacted with a wooden hammer layer by layer. During the masonry process, the positions of the block stones are reasonably arranged according to the situation. When the drainage open ditch is masoned to about 80cm, the size of the block stones of the clean water rubble should be actively controlled, the masonry height should be controlled, and space for the coping is reserved.

[0024] In the seventh step, the coping is made of 20CM thick, 30 - 35 * 40 - 60 whole block stones for coping, and fixed with M10 cement mortar.

[0025] Based on the above technical solutions, the high-standard farmland ecological drainage open ditch structure and its construction method of the present invention have achieved the following technical effects through practical application:

[0026] 1. The drainage effect is remarkable. The primary function of the drainage open ditch of the present invention is the drainage of high-standard farmland. The ecological drainage open ditch effectively collects and discharges the farmland return water, avoids the influence of farmland waterlogging on the growth of crops, and improves the production efficiency of the farmland.

[0027] 2. High landscape integration. The open drainage ditch of the present invention uses fair-faced rubble stones as slope protection and coping. The ecological rubble stones and cement mortar are combined for structural fixation. The gaps between the ecological rubble stones are naturally filled with soil, and green plants may grow in the gaps, highlighting the natural growth property. In the specially set planting area on the bottom slab, aquatic plants are planted to increase the vitality of the ditch and avoid the rigidity, monotony and disharmony caused by concrete materials, so that the open drainage ditch is integrated with the surrounding natural environment and the overall landscape effect of the area is improved.

[0028] 3. Good ecological benefits. It accelerates the decomposition of oxygen-rich substances in farmland wastewater and plays a positive role in protecting the ecological environment. On the rubble stone slope protection formed by fair-faced rubble stones, because a geotextile is laid on the back, the rubble stone slope protection can be isolated from the surrounding soil, avoiding soil erosion caused by soil flowing into the open drainage ditch. More importantly, the water in the farmland can smoothly flow into the open drainage ditch through the gaps between the geotextile and the fair-faced rubble stones, and will also carry the oxygen-rich substances in the farmland and gather in the open drainage ditch for discharge, which greatly increases the drainage effect and ecological effect.

[0029] 4. Reduced economic cost. The construction process is simple, the construction period is shortened, and the labor cost is reduced. The main body of the entire open drainage ditch is ecological rubble stones, which makes the later maintenance cost of the open drainage ditch lower, and it has the ability of repeated use, with good economic, social and ecological benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 is a top view structure diagram of an ecological open drainage ditch structure for high-standard farmland of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional structure diagram of an ecological open drainage ditch structure for high-standard farmland of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 is a flow schematic diagram of a construction method of an ecological open drainage ditch structure for high-standard farmland of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0033] Next, we will further elaborate on the construction method of an ecological open drainage ditch structure for high-standard farmland of the present invention in combination with the embodiments of the drawings and screenshots, in order to more clearly understand its structural composition and construction method, but the protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited thereby.

[0034] Embodiment 1

[0035] This embodiment is an ecological open drainage ditch structure applied to high-standard farmland, and this drainage ditch structure is arranged in high-standard farmland to achieve drainage and landscape integration functions. As Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the figure, the open drainage ditch consists of a bottom slab 1, concrete foot protection 2, rubble slope protection 3, integral stone coping 4, and covering soil 5. The high-standard farmland is excavated with drainage trenches according to the drainage plan. The drainage trenches are in an inverted T shape. A bottom slab 1 made of concrete is provided at the bottom of the drainage trenches. Concrete foot protection 2 is provided on both sides of the bottom slab 1. A plurality of planting areas 6 are arranged at intervals in the middle of the bottom slab 1. The planting areas 6 communicate with the soil at the bottom. Aquatic plants 7 are planted in the planting areas. Geotextiles 8 are laid closely against the soil on both sides of the trenches. A plurality of clean rubble stones with similar specifications are stacked on the geotextiles 8. The adjacent clean rubble stones are bonded and fixed with cement mortar to form a rubble slope protection 3. The clean rubble stones at the bottom of the rubble slope protection 3 are fixed on the concrete foot protection 2. An integral stone coping 4 is arranged on the top of the rubble slope protection 3. The integral stone coping 4 is composed of a plurality of adjacent large rubble stones and is fixed on the rubble slope protection 3 with cement mortar. Covering soil 5 is provided on the integral stone coping 4 as the surface layer. The covering soil 5 communicates with the soil of the standard farmland to form an integral body. When the covering soil extends to both sides, it has a slope, so that the open drainage ditch protrudes from the surface of the standard farmland (the height of the soil surface) to prevent muddy water in the farmland from directly flowing into the open drainage ditch.

[0036] In the structure of an ecological open drainage ditch for high-standard farmland in the present invention, the planting area 6 is a rectangular frame reserved during the casting of the bottom slab. Aquatic plants 7 are planted in the soil within the rectangular frame. The aquatic plants 7 are selected for planting according to the weather and seasons. The purpose of planting aquatic plants 7 is to enable the open drainage ditch to form a harmonious symbiotic state with the surrounding farmland, increase the sense of harmony and vividness of the drainage facilities, and avoid presenting abruptly in the high-standard farmland and affecting the overall visual experience.

[0037] In the structure of an ecological open drainage ditch for high-standard farmland in the present invention, when the trenches are excavated and the bottom slab is cast, the inclination angle is set according to the drainage requirements. The primary function of the trenches is drainage. Therefore, it is necessary to conform to the natural law that water flows to lower places. The trenches should have a slope and an inclination angle that allow water to flow naturally to ensure the drainage effect. This is directly reflected in the design during the excavation of the trenches and the formwork setting during the casting of the bottom slab. The inclination angle factor must be taken into account as a standard for realizing its smooth drainage function.

[0038] The ecological open drainage ditch for high-standard farmland of the present invention is based on ecological rubble stones. By adding geotextiles during the masonry process of the ditch and adding aquatic plants in the ditch body, it has the ability to purify water quality and maintain biodiversity while dealing with the problem of farmland wastewater. Due to the excellent physical properties and rich natural textures of the stone materials, compared with traditional drainage ditches, the ecological drainage ditch has the characteristics of "two lows and two highs".

[0039] Embodiment 2

[0040] As Figure 3As shown in the figure, this embodiment is a construction method for the ecological drainage open ditch structure of high-standard farmland. This method is applied to the construction of high-standard farmland in the Yangtze River Delta Integration Pilot Zone. The construction method includes the following steps:

[0041] The first step is technical preparation. Based on the requirements of ecological drainage for high-standard farmland, design the open ditch drainage structure, and prepare construction equipment, ecological rubble, geotextiles, and commercial concrete. Develop the construction process according to the goals of purifying the drainage water and maintaining biodiversity in high-standard farmland.

[0042] The second step is surveying and setting out. Set the level points and coordinate reference points for the drainage open ditch in the high-standard farmland, complete the surveying work of retesting the traverse, densifying the traverse points, retesting the level points, and densifying the level points. Calculate the design elevation and set out the elevation, and obtain the values of the excavation depth and the terrain stacking height.

[0043] The third step is to clear the surface and excavate the trench soil. Thoroughly remove the weeds, tree roots, and crops on the surface of the construction area, and carry out roadbed rolling and leveling. Use an excavator to carry out the excavation and leveling operations of the trench, and use a rammer to carry out the compaction operation of the trench. Before trench excavation, carry out construction layout work, restore the center pile and side piles, with one set up every 20m in the straight section and at intervals of 10m in the curve section. Add piles reasonably according to the actual situation on site, and use lime lines to draw grids as the reference basis for excavation. Use an excavator to strictly carry out the scraping operation according to the design requirements. During the trench excavation construction process, arrange a special person to follow the machine for pile supplementing, measurement, and longitudinal, transverse, and diagonal wire-pulling to check the elevation, and carry out rectification in a timely manner. In the final leveling stage of the trench, carry out the leveling operation according to the design elevation, following the principle of "rather high than low, rather scrape than fill". At the same time, continue to arrange a special person to follow the machine for pile supplementing, testing, wire-pulling, and shaping work. The compaction operation is carried out from both sides of the trench to the middle splicing part until the compaction degree reaches the qualified standard. In addition, for the part where the phenomenon of "springy soil" appears during trench excavation, adopt the treatment method of digging out, mixing with lime, drying, and backfilling and leveling to ensure that the trench compaction degree meets the requirements. During the trench filling process, it is necessary to fill 50cm wider to facilitate better compaction operation.

[0044] The fourth step is foundation leveling. Before concrete pouring, first thoroughly remove the silt and sundries at the bottom of the ditch, and do a good job in waterproofing and drainage measures.

[0045] The fifth step is to pour the bottom plate cushion layer. Aquatic plant planting areas are reserved every 4-8m. At the same time, the plate seams and holes in the formwork are blocked to ensure the sealing and stability of the formwork. The supply of commercial concrete should be timely and continuous during pouring to ensure that the pouring work can proceed smoothly. The state of the formwork should be closely observed during the pouring of concrete. When deformation or displacement is found, the pouring operation should be stopped immediately and timely processed. After the processing is completed, pouring can be continued. After the concrete is vibrated and compacted, the surface should be smoothed with a wooden washboard. When pouring, use an inserted vibrator to vibrate first. The principle of fast insertion and slow withdrawal should be followed. The insertion points should be evenly arranged, moved point by point, and carried out in sequence to ensure that no vibration point is missed, so as to achieve the effect of vibration and compaction. The moving spacing during vibration should not be greater than 1.5 times the effective radius of the vibrating rod.

[0046] The sixth step is the curing and inspection of the base plate. After the concrete is poured, the base plate should be covered and watered within 12 hours for curing. Watering should be done in small amounts and multiple times to ensure that the concrete can remain sufficiently moist. However, flooding should be avoided to prevent affecting the stability of the trench and causing collapse. The curing period should be no less than 7 days and nights. Only after the strength of the poured concrete reaches 1.2MPa can pedestrians be allowed to pass through it and upper construction be carried out. When pouring concrete in the open air during the rainy season, a seasonal construction plan should be prepared, covering materials should be prepared in advance, and effective protective measures should be taken to ensure that the quality of the concrete is not affected by rain.

[0047] Step 7: Installation of the channel body. The rubble materials are transported to the designated yard of the project for pretreatment. The block stones are sorted according to the width of the channel body, and the larger stones are processed manually and mechanically. The processed block stones are transported to the excavated construction channel section for standby by machinery. Before the installation construction, the elevation and excavation section of the ditch are comprehensively reviewed to ensure that they meet the design requirements, and relevant personnel sign for confirmation. After checking the formed section of the trench excavation, the paving operation is carried out from the downstream to the upstream according to the design elevation. During the laying process of the ditch, geotextile is covered on the back, and the consolidation lengths at the upper and lower ends are reserved and fixed by tying both ends with wooden strips and iron wires. The fair-faced rubble is laid in layers to form a rubble slope protection. About one week after the overall masonry is completed and the ecological ditch has settled and stabilized, the calibration and reinforcement operation is carried out. After the calibration is completed, the coping construction begins; during the construction process, in order to maintain the same height on both sides of the trench and present a symmetric distribution state, an elevation control pile is set on the side of the trench every 20 meters, and a control line is set between the two elevation control piles to ensure the same elevation on both sides of the ditch. During the masonry process of the channel body, it is laid in layers at 20 - 30 cm, and the backfill soil is backfilled layer by layer and compacted with a wooden hammer layer by layer. During the masonry process, the positions of the block stones are arranged reasonably according to the situation. When the open drainage ditch is masonry to about 80 cm, the size of the block stones of the fair-faced rubble should be actively controlled, the masonry height should be controlled, and the coping space should be reserved. The coping operation reflects the characteristics of the construction and the final presentation state, and must be constructed carefully and with high quality. The coping is made of 20 cm thick, 30 - 35 * 40 - 60 whole rubble stones for coping, and fixed with M10 cement mortar.

[0048] Step 8: Soil covering and slope formation. The soil covering operation is carried out 2 - 3 days after the coping construction is completed, so that the covered soil is connected with the farmland soil to form an integrated slope, which plays a role in water and soil sealing and provides space for plant growth at the same time.

[0049] Step 9: Seedling planting, and aquatic plants are planted in a timely manner according to the weather conditions, so as to obtain an open drainage ditch with the rough natural texture of the stone and a corresponding plant community consistent with the high-standard ecological farmland.

[0050] The high-standard farmland ecological open drainage ditch of the present invention uses ecological rubble as the core material, utilizes the self-weight of the stone, and combines with the slope of the ecological ditch to form the basic shape of the ecological water ditch. The geotextile is used to separate water and soil, prevent soil erosion, and extend the service life of the ditch. Through the rough natural texture of the stone and the planting of the plant community, the purification of the farmland drainage water and the maintenance of biodiversity are realized.

[0051] The construction method of the high-standard farmland ecological open drainage ditch of the present invention is applicable to the farmland drainage treatment technology and is applicable to the projects that pay attention to ecological environment protection and landscape integration, specifically as follows:

[0052] High-standard farmland: In the construction of the farmland drainage system, the farmland irrigation project and the automatic irrigation system cooperate to form a complete farmland water conservancy system, ensuring the timely discharge of surplus water in the farmland, facilitating the growth of crops, and improving production efficiency.

[0053] Ecological agricultural park: While realizing the drainage function, it integrates with the ecological landscape of the park. By leveraging the rich natural colors and natural textures of ecological rubble stones, it highlights the characteristics of the park and enhances the overall landscape effect of the park.

[0054] Rural revitalization project: It can improve the rural ecological environment and infrastructure, treat farmland drainage water and add ecological landscape elements, demonstrate the vitality of rural development, promote the implementation of agricultural R & D achievements, spread agricultural science and technology, and play a demonstrative role in the agricultural development of the region.

[0055] The technology of the present invention innovates materials such as ecological rubble stones and geotextiles, combines the planting of plant communities, constructs a "stone-soil-plant" composite ecological system, realizes the purification of drainage water, the maintenance of biodiversity and the integration with the landscape. According to the analysis of scientific and technological novelty searches, the overall technology reaches the international advanced level and becomes an important technological breakthrough in the treatment of farmland non-point source pollution.

Claims

1. An ecological drainage open ditch structure for high-standard farmland. This drainage open ditch structure is arranged in high-standard farmland to achieve the functions of drainage and landscape integration. It is characterized in that The composition of the open drainage ditch includes a bottom plate, concrete footing, rough stone slope protection, whole stone top and covering soil. The high-standard farmland is excavated with a drainage ditch according to the drainage plan. The drainage ditch is in an inverted T shape. A concrete bottom plate is provided at the bottom of the drainage ditch. Concrete footing is provided on both sides of the bottom plate. A plurality of planting areas are provided at intervals in the middle of the bottom plate. The planting areas are connected to the soil at the bottom. Aquatic plants are planted in the planting areas. Back-attached geotextiles are laid close to the soil on both sides of the ditch. A number of clear water rubble stones of similar specifications are stacked on the back of the geotextile. The adjacent clear water rubble stones are bonded and fixed with cement mortar to form a rubble slope protection. The clear water rubble stones at the bottom of the rubble slope protection are fixed on the concrete footing. The top of the rubble slope protection is provided with a whole stone pressure top. The whole stone pressure top is a number of adjacent large rubble stones and is fixed to the rubble slope protection with cement mortar. A covering soil is provided on the whole stone pressure top as a surface layer, and the covering soil is connected to the soil of the standard farmland to become one.

2. The ecological drainage open ditch structure for high-standard farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that The planting area is a rectangular frame reserved when the base plate is poured. Aquatic plants are planted in the soil within the rectangular frame. The aquatic plants are planted according to the weather and season.

3. The ecological drainage open ditch structure for high-standard farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the trench is excavated and the bottom plate is poured, the inclination angle is set according to the drainage requirements.

4. A construction method for the ecological drainage open ditch structure of high-standard farmland, characterized in that, The construction method comprises the following steps: The first step is technical preparation. Based on the needs of high-standard farmland ecological drainage, the open ditch drainage structure is designed, and construction equipment, ecological rubble stone, geotextiles, and commercial concrete are prepared. The construction process is formulated based on the goals of purifying the high-standard farmland drainage and maintaining biodiversity. The second step is surveying and setting out. Benchmarks and coordinate reference points are set for open drainage ditches in high-standard farmland. Traverse re-survey, traverse point density, leveling point re-survey, and leveling point density are completed. Design elevations and survey elevations are calculated to determine the excavation depth and terrain pile height. The third step is to clear the surface and excavate the trench. Weeds, tree roots and crops on the surface of the construction area are completely removed, and the roadbed is rolled and leveled. An excavator is used to excavate and level the trench, and a tamping machine is used to compact the trench. The fourth step is to level the foundation. Before pouring concrete, first thoroughly remove the silt and debris at the bottom of the ditch, and take waterproofing and drainage measures; The fifth step is to pour the bottom plate cushion layer. Aquatic plant planting areas are reserved every 4-8m. At the same time, the plate seams and holes in the formwork are blocked to ensure the sealing and stability of the formwork. The supply of commercial concrete should be ensured to be timely and continuous during pouring to ensure that the pouring work can proceed smoothly. The state of the formwork should be closely observed during the pouring of concrete. When deformation or displacement is found, the pouring operation should be stopped immediately and timely handled. After the treatment is completed, pouring can be continued. After the concrete is vibrated and compacted, the surface should be smoothed with a wooden washboard. Step 6: Curing and inspection of the bottom slab. After the concrete is poured, the bottom slab shall be covered and watered for curing within 12 hours. When watering, the method of small amount and multiple times shall be adopted to ensure that the concrete can maintain sufficient moisture, but avoid flooding to prevent affecting the stability of the trench and causing collapse. The curing period shall not be less than 7 days and nights. After the strength of the poured concrete reaches 1.2 MPa, pedestrians shall be allowed to pass and upper construction shall be carried out on it. When pouring concrete outdoors during the rainy season, a seasonal construction plan shall be prepared, covering materials shall be prepared in advance, and effective protective measures shall be taken to ensure that the quality of the concrete is not affected by rain. Step 7: Installation of the channel body. The rubble materials are transported to the designated yard of the project for pretreatment. The block stones are sorted according to the width of the channel body, and the larger stones are processed manually with the assistance of machinery. The processed block stones are transported to the excavated construction channel section for standby by machinery. Before the installation construction, the elevation of the ditch and the excavation section shall be comprehensively reviewed to ensure that they meet the design requirements, and relevant personnel shall sign and confirm. After checking the formed section of the trench excavation, the paving operation shall be carried out from the downstream to the upstream according to the design elevation. Geotextile shall be covered on the ditch during the laying process, and the reserved consolidation lengths at the upper and lower ends shall be adopted. The two ends are tied and fixed with wooden strips and iron wires, and the fair-faced rubble is laid in layers to form a rubble slope protection. About one week after the overall masonry is completed and the ecological ditch has settled and stabilized, the correction and reinforcement operation shall be carried out. After the correction is completed, the coping construction shall be started. Step 8: Covering soil and creating slopes. The covering soil operation shall be carried out 2 - 3 days after the coping construction is completed, so that the covering soil is connected with the farmland soil to form an integrated slope, which plays the role of water and soil sealing and provides space for plant growth at the same time. Step 9: Planting seedlings, and planting aquatic plants in a timely manner according to the weather conditions, so as to obtain a drainage open ditch with the rough natural texture of stone and a corresponding plant community consistent with the high-standard ecological farmland.

5. The construction method of an ecological drainage open ditch structure for high-standard farmland according to claim 4, characterized in that, In Step 3, before the trench excavation, the construction layout work shall be carried out to restore the center pile and side piles. One is set every 20 m in the straight section and at intervals of 10 m in the curve section. Additional piles shall be reasonably added according to the actual situation on site, and a grid shall be drawn with lime lines as the reference basis for excavation. The excavator shall be used to level strictly according to the design requirements. During the trench excavation construction process, special personnel shall be arranged to follow the machine for pile supplementing, measurement, and longitudinal, transverse, and diagonal wire-pulling to check the elevation, and timely renovation shall be carried out. In the final leveling stage of the trench, the leveling operation shall be carried out according to the design elevation, following the principle of "rather higher than lower, rather shoveling than patching". At the same time, special personnel shall continue to be arranged to follow the machine for pile supplementing, testing, wire-pulling, and shaping work. The compaction operation shall be carried out from both sides of the trench to the middle splicing part until the compaction degree reaches the qualified standard.

6. The construction method of an ecological drainage open ditch structure for high-standard farmland according to claim 4, characterized in that, In Step 3, for the part where the phenomenon of "springy soil" appears during the trench excavation, the treatment method of excavation, lime mixing, sunning, backfilling, and leveling shall be adopted to ensure that the compaction degree of the trench meets the requirements. During the trench filling process, it is necessary to fill 50 cm wider.

7. The construction method of an ecological drainage open ditch structure for high-standard farmland according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the fifth step, during pouring, an internal vibrator is first used for vibration. When vibrating, the principle of fast insertion and slow extraction should be followed. The insertion points should be arranged evenly, moved point by point in sequence to ensure that no vibration point is missed, so as to achieve the effect of dense vibration. When vibrating, the moving spacing should not be greater than 1.5 times the action radius of the vibrator.

8. The construction method of an ecological drainage open ditch structure for high-standard farmland according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the seventh step, an elevation control stake is set on the side of the trench every 20 meters, and a control line is set between two elevation control stakes to ensure the same elevation on both sides of the ditch.

9. The construction method of an ecological drainage open ditch structure for high-standard farmland according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the seventh step, during the masonry of the channel body, it is laid in layers of 20 - 30 cm. The backfill soil is backfilled layer by layer and compacted layer by layer with a wooden hammer. During the masonry process, the positions of the rubble stones are reasonably arranged according to the situation. When the drainage open ditch is masonry to about 80 cm, the size of the rubble stones of the clean rubble should be actively controlled, the masonry height should be controlled, and space for the coping should be reserved.

10. The construction method of an ecological drainage open ditch structure for high-standard farmland according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the seventh step, the coping is made of 20 - cm - thick, (30 - 35)×(40 - 60) - sized whole rubble stones for coping, and fixed with M10 cement mortar.

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