Tunneling method for water-rich sand layer adjacent to sea area

Abstract

The invention discloses a tunneling method for a water-rich sand layer adjacent to a sea area, and relates to the technical field of tunnel construction.The tunneling method for the water-rich sand layer adjacent to the sea area comprises the steps that a reinforcing area is determined; constructing a vertical supporting structure; constructing a horizontal supporting structure; a bentonite injection system, a foam injection system and a modifier injection system are arranged on an anterior shield of the shield tunneling machine; an anti-surging door is arranged on the front side of a spiral conveyor of the shield tunneling machine, and a plurality of slag discharging doors are arranged on the rear side of the spiral conveyor. An inflation and rubber symbiotic sealing structure is arranged at the hinged position of the front shield and the rear shield; the shield tunneling machine tunnels a tunnel along a tunnel face, the bentonite injection system injects bentonite into a soil bin of the shield tunneling machine and a silo of the spiral conveyor through a grouting pump, and the foam injection system and the modifier injection system inject foam and a modifier into the soil bin of the shield tunneling machine through the grouting pump. In the tunneling process, the stability of the water-rich sand layer can be effectively kept, and the tunneling efficiency and safety are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly to a tunneling method for a tunnel in a water-rich sand layer adjacent to the sea area. Background Art

[0002] A water-rich sand layer adjacent to the sea area refers to a stratum with a high groundwater content and rich sand grains in the coastal or offshore area. Due to the rich water content in the water-rich sand layer, its own stability is poor, and it is prone to liquefaction after being disturbed. When tunneling in a water-rich sand layer adjacent to the sea area, water inrush and sand inrush are likely to occur, resulting in settlement problems. For tunneling in tunnels with poor geological conditions, simply injecting bentonite for muck improvement cannot effectively change the "plastic flow state" of the water-rich sand layer, and it is easy to increase the torque of the shield machine, uneven muck discharge of the screw conveyor, unstable tunneling speed, and instability of the tunnel face, posing great safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main object of the present invention is to propose a tunneling method for a tunnel in a water-rich sand layer adjacent to the sea area, aiming to solve the technical problems of water inrush and sand inrush prone to occur during tunneling construction of tunnels in water-rich sand layers in the prior art and the existence of safety hazards.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the tunneling method for a tunnel in a water-rich sand layer adjacent to the sea area proposed by the present invention includes the steps of: determining a reinforcement area according to the tunneling range of the tunnel; constructing a vertical support structure from the ground into the reinforcement area; constructing a horizontal support structure from the tunnel face into the reinforcement area; respectively arranging a bentonite injection system, a foam injection system, and a modifier injection system on the front shield of the shield machine; arranging a water-inrush prevention door on the front side of the screw conveyor of the shield machine, and arranging a plurality of slag discharge doors on the rear side of the screw conveyor; arranging an inflatable and rubber coexisting sealing structure at the hinge joint between the front shield and the rear shield; the shield machine tunnels the tunnel along the tunnel face, and the bentonite injection system injects bentonite into the soil chamber of the shield machine and the silo of the screw conveyor respectively through a grouting pump, and the foam injection system and the modifier injection system inject foam and modifier into the soil chamber of the shield machine respectively through the grouting pump.

[0005] In an embodiment, the step of respectively arranging a bentonite injection system, a foam injection system, and a modifier injection system on the front shield of the shield machine includes: arranging a plurality of first injection holes on the cutter head of the shield machine and the front side of the screw conveyor, and connecting each of the first injection holes to a bentonite storage bin; arranging a plurality of second injection holes on the front side of the screw conveyor, and connecting each of the second injection holes to a foam storage bin; arranging a plurality of partitions in the screw conveyor, and opening a plurality of third injection holes on each of the partitions, and connecting each of the third injection holes to a modifier storage bin.

[0006] In one embodiment, after the steps of arranging a plurality of partition plates in the screw conveyor, forming a plurality of third injection holes in each of the partition plates, and connecting each of the third injection holes to a modifier storage bin, the method further includes: forming a plurality of fourth injection holes in each of the partition plates, and connecting each of the fourth injection holes to an inert slurry storage bin; after the shield machine excavates the tunnel along the heading face, the bentonite injection system injects bentonite into the soil bin of the shield machine and the silo of the screw conveyor respectively through a grouting pump, and the foam injection system and the modifier injection system inject foam and modifier into the soil bin of the shield machine respectively through the grouting pump, the method further includes: injecting inert slurry into the soil bin through the grouting pump.

[0007] In one embodiment, the step of constructing a vertical support structure from the ground into the reinforcement area includes: drilling a plurality of vertical holes downward at intervals from the ground in the reinforcement area, so that each of the vertical holes extends below the reinforcement area; the plurality of vertical holes are arranged in an array in the reinforcement area; injecting cement slurry into each of the vertical holes.

[0008] In one embodiment, the step of constructing a horizontal support structure from the heading face of the tunnel into the reinforcement area includes: drilling a plurality of horizontal holes from the heading face into the reinforcement area; the plurality of horizontal holes are circumferentially spaced along the heading face; injecting cement slurry into each of the horizontal holes.

[0009] In one embodiment, the step of arranging an inflatable and rubber symbiotic sealing structure at the hinge joint of the front shield and the rear shield includes: connecting a rubber sealing strip at the hinge joint of the front shield and the rear shield; arranging adjusting bolts on the rubber sealing strip to adjust the tightness of the rubber sealing strip; arranging an airbag on one side of the rubber sealing strip facing the shield machine; inflating the airbag so that the airbag abuts against the rubber sealing strip to form the inflatable and rubber symbiotic sealing structure.

[0010] In one embodiment, after the steps of arranging a surge gate at the front side of the screw conveyor of the shield machine and arranging a plurality of slag discharge gates at the rear side of the screw conveyor, the method further includes: installing a plurality of shield tail brushes circumferentially along the heading face at the shield tail; installing a plurality of steel plate bundles at the shield tail; installing a plurality of grout stop plates circumferentially along the heading face at the shield tail, so that the plurality of grout stop plates enclose to form a slurry discharge channel.

[0011] In one embodiment, after the step of installing a plurality of shield tail brushes circumferentially along the heading face at the shield tail, the method further includes: prying open one layer of bristles of each of the shield tail brushes; applying grease at the prying-open position of the bristles in multiple times; repeating the step of prying open one layer of bristles of each of the shield tail brushes until grease is applied to each layer of the bristles.

[0012] In one embodiment, before the shield machine excavates the tunnel along the face, the bentonite injection system injects bentonite into the soil bin of the shield machine and the silo of the screw conveyor respectively through a grouting pump, and the foam injection system and the modifier injection system inject foam and modifier into the soil bin of the shield machine respectively through the grouting pump, the method further includes: circumferentially injecting a water glass mixture between the shield tail and the inner wall of the tunnel to form a water sealing ring.

[0013] In one embodiment, the modifier is an IS-PA polymer modifier.

[0014] The present invention proposes a method for tunneling water-rich sand layers near sea areas. This method reinforces the reinforced area by pre-installing vertical and horizontal support structures before shield machine excavation. The vertical and horizontal support structures together form a support system for the water-rich sand layer, providing support for the water-rich sand layer and maintaining its stability during tunneling. Furthermore, a bentonite injection system, a foam injection system, and an improver injection system are provided on the shield machine. During tunneling, the bentonite injection system injects bentonite into the soil bin and the silo of the screw conveyor. The foam injection system and the improver injection system respectively inject foam and improver into the soil bin. The bentonite, foam, and improver collectively improve the soil properties of the water-rich sand layers within the shield machine's soil bin and the screw conveyor's silo, effectively enhancing the water-resistance and fluidity of the water-rich sand layer. This significantly reduces the risk of water and sand gushing from the soil, and ensures more uniform slag discharge from the screw conveyor, thereby ensuring a stable excavation speed and improving excavation efficiency and safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for tunneling in a water-rich sand layer near the sea provided by the present invention.

[0017] The purpose, features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0020] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features limited to "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In addition, if "and / or" or "and / or" appears in the full text, its meaning includes three parallel solutions. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes solution A, solution B, or solutions that satisfy both A and B. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in this field to implement. When the combination of technical solutions is mutually contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0021] Water-rich sand layers near the sea refer to strata with high groundwater content and abundant sand in coastal or offshore areas. Due to their high water content and poor inherent stability, water-rich sand layers are prone to liquefaction when disturbed. Tunneling construction in these water-rich sand layers near the sea is prone to water and sand inrush, leading to subsidence. For tunneling in poor geological conditions, simply injecting bentonite to improve the soil is ineffective in effectively changing the "plastic flow state" of the water-rich sand layers. This can easily lead to increased shield machine torque, uneven screw conveyor slag discharge, unstable excavation speeds, and unstable tunneling faces, posing significant safety risks.

[0022] The present invention proposes a method for tunneling in a water-rich sand layer near the sea, comprising the following steps:

[0023] S10: Determine the reinforcement area according to the excavation range of the tunnel;

[0024] S20: constructing a vertical support structure from the ground into the reinforced area;

[0025] S30: Install a horizontal support structure from the tunnel face into the reinforcement area;

[0026] S40: Install a bentonite injection system, a foam injection system, and a modifier injection system on the front shield of the shield machine respectively;

[0027] S50: Install a water gushing prevention gate on the front side of the screw conveyor of the shield machine, and install multiple slag discharge gates on the rear side of the screw conveyor;

[0028] S60: Install an air inflation and rubber coexistence sealing structure at the hinge joint between the front shield and the rear shield;

[0029] S70: The shield machine excavates the tunnel along the tunnel face. The bentonite injection system injects bentonite into the soil bin of the shield machine and the silo of the screw conveyor respectively through a grouting pump. The foam injection system and the modifier injection system inject foam and modifier into the soil bin of the shield machine respectively through the grouting pump.

[0030] Please refer to Figure 1 , by laying out the excavation range of the tunnel on the ground, determining the size of the reinforcement area according to the geological conditions of the excavation range, so that the reinforcement area covers the geological weak layer within the excavation range, constructing a vertical support structure and a horizontal support structure within the reinforcement range, providing vertical support force through the vertical support structure, enhancing the stability of the tunnel sidewall, preventing cave-ins during the excavation process, providing horizontal support force through the horizontal support structure, and further enhancing the overall stability of the tunnel structure. After the vertical support structure and the horizontal support structure pre-reinforce the reinforcement area, assemble the shield machine in the tunnel, install a bentonite injection system, a foam injection system, and a modifier injection system on the front shield of the shield machine, so that the bentonite injection system, the foam injection system, and the modifier injection system inject bentonite, foam, and modifier into the soil respectively during the excavation process of the front shield, improving the permeability and fluidity of the soil through bentonite, foam, and modifier; install a water gushing prevention gate and multiple slag discharge gates on the screw conveyor of the shield machine to control the flow direction of the soil, effectively prevent water gushing and sand gushing situations, and when the front shield and the rear shield are hinged, install an air inflation and rubber coexistence sealing structure at the hinge position between the front shield and the rear shield, so that the side of the entire shield machine forms a closed whole, enhancing the sealing performance of the shield machine during the excavation process.

[0031] The proposed tunneling method for water-rich sand layers in adjacent sea areas in the present invention reinforces the reinforcement area by pre-constructing vertical support structures and horizontal support structures before the tunneling construction of the shield machine. The vertical support structure and the horizontal support structure jointly form a support system for the water-rich sand layer to provide support for the water-rich sand layer and maintain the stability of the water-rich sand layer during the tunneling process of the tunnel. By separately arranging a bentonite injection system, a foam injection system, and a modifier injection system on the shield machine, during the tunneling construction process of the shield machine, the bentonite injection system injects bentonite into the soil bin and the silo of the screw conveyor, and the foam injection system and the modifier injection system respectively inject foam and modifier into the soil bin. Through the joint action of bentonite, foam, and modifier, the performance of the water-rich sand layer soil in the soil bin of the shield machine and the silo of the screw conveyor is improved, effectively enhancing the anti-seepage performance of the water-rich sand layer, improving the fluidity of the water-rich sand layer, significantly reducing the risk of water inrush and sand inrush of the soil body, making the slag discharge of the screw conveyor more uniform, facilitating the guarantee of a stable tunneling speed, and thus improving the tunneling efficiency and safety.

[0032] In one embodiment, step S40 includes:

[0033] S41: Set a plurality of first injection holes on the cutter head of the shield machine and the front side of the screw conveyor, and connect each of the first injection holes to the bentonite storage bin;

[0034] S42: Set a plurality of second injection holes on the front side of the screw conveyor, and connect each of the second injection holes to the foam storage bin;

[0035] S43: Set a plurality of partitions in the screw conveyor, and open a plurality of third injection holes on each of the partitions, and connect each of the third injection holes to the modifier storage bin.

[0036] It should be noted that a plurality of first injection holes are arranged at intervals on the cutter head, and a plurality of first injection holes are also arranged on the front side of the screw conveyor. Each first injection hole is connected to the bentonite storage bin through a pipeline to ensure that bentonite is continuously and dispersedly transported from the bentonite storage bin to the front end of the cutter head and the silo of the screw conveyor, thereby improving the stability and fluidity of the soil body in front of the shield machine and the silo of the screw conveyor. Similarly, a plurality of second injection holes are also arranged on the front side of the screw conveyor. The second injection holes are used to inject foam into the silo of the screw conveyor to improve the permeability and fluidity of the soil body in the silo. A plurality of partitions are arranged on the front side of the screw conveyor. The plurality of partitions are used to separate the soil body in the silo to guide the flow direction of the soil body. A plurality of third injection holes are opened on each partition to facilitate the injection of the modifier into the silo of the screw conveyor. The joint action of bentonite, foam, and modifier further improves the stability of the soil body and reduces the potential safety hazards during the tunneling process.

[0037] In one embodiment, after step S43, the method for tunneling in water-rich sand layers near the sea area proposed by the present invention further includes the following steps:

[0038] S44: opening a plurality of fourth injection holes on each of the partitions, and connecting each of the fourth injection holes to an inert slurry storage bin;

[0039] S45: After the shield machine excavates the tunnel along the tunnel face, the bentonite injection system injects bentonite into the soil bin of the shield machine and the silo of the screw conveyor via a grouting pump, and the foam injection system and the modifier injection system inject foam and modifier into the soil bin of the shield machine via the grouting pump, respectively, the method further comprises:

[0040] S46: Injecting inert slurry into the soil bin through the grouting pump.

[0041] Furthermore, a fourth injection hole, connected to the inert slurry storage tank, is installed on the screw conveyor's baffle, enabling precise injection of the inert slurry. The inert slurry helps reduce the shield machine's torque and improve the screw conveyor's slag discharge efficiency, thereby enhancing the safety and efficiency of the entire tunnel excavation project.

[0042] In one embodiment, step S20 includes:

[0043] S21: Drilling a plurality of vertical holes from the ground downward at intervals in the reinforcement area, so that each of the vertical holes extends below the reinforcement area; the plurality of vertical holes are distributed in an array in the reinforcement area;

[0044] S22: injecting cement slurry into each of the vertical holes.

[0045] It can be explained that multiple vertical holes are distributed in an array within the reinforced area, and each vertical hole extends below the tunnel excavation range. By injecting cement slurry into each vertical hole, the cement slurry in each vertical hole solidifies to form a solid body, so that each solid body will serve as a vertical support structure, providing support force in the vertical direction, enhancing the stability of the tunnel side wall, and preventing landslides during excavation.

[0046] In one embodiment, step S30 includes:

[0047] S31: Drilling a plurality of horizontal holes from the tunnel face into the reinforcement area; the plurality of horizontal holes are circumferentially spaced along the tunnel face;

[0048] S32: Inject cement slurry into each of the horizontal holes.

[0049] Similarly, multiple horizontal holes are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the heading face to ensure that the entire reinforced area can be effectively reinforced in the horizontal direction. The multiple horizontal holes and the multiple vertical holes together form a three-dimensional support network, significantly improving the stability of the water-rich sand layer and reducing potential safety hazards during construction.

[0050] In one embodiment, step S60 includes:

[0051] S61: Connect a rubber sealing strip at the hinge joint between the front shield and the rear shield;

[0052] S62: Set adjusting bolts on the rubber sealing strip to adjust the tightness of the rubber sealing strip;

[0053] S63: Set an airbag on the side of the rubber sealing strip facing the shield machine;

[0054] S64: Inflate the airbag so that the airbag abuts against the rubber sealing strip to form the inflatable and rubber symbiotic sealing structure.

[0055] It should be noted that by connecting a rubber sealing strip at the hinge joint between the front shield and the rear shield, the function of the rubber sealing strip is to provide a flexible seal between the front shield and the rear shield of the shield machine to reduce water leakage and sand leakage during tunneling. By setting an airbag on the side of the rubber sealing strip facing the shield machine, the airbag expands to further fill the gap between the front shield and the rear shield. The inflated airbag and the rubber sealing strip work together to form a solid sealing barrier, effectively preventing the penetration of groundwater and sand grains and improving the sealing performance of the shield machine in the water-rich sand layer.

[0056] In one embodiment, after step S50, the method for tunneling a tunnel in a water-rich sand layer adjacent to the sea area proposed by the present invention further includes the steps:

[0057] S501: Install multiple shield tail brushes along the circumferential direction of the heading face at the shield tail;

[0058] S502: Install multiple steel plate bundles at the shield tail;

[0059] S503: Install multiple grout stop plates along the circumferential direction of the heading face at the shield tail, so that the multiple grout stop plates enclose to form a grout outlet channel.

[0060] It should be noted that a tail seal brush, a steel plate bundle, and a grout stop plate are installed at the tail seal of the shield machine. During the tunneling process of the shield machine, the tail seal brush removes sand grains and gravel on the face of the tunnel, keeping the face clean, reducing the interference of sand grains and gravel on the operation of the shield machine. The steel plate bundle provides additional support during the tunneling process of the shield machine, enhancing the stability of the tail seal, preventing the deformation or damage of the tail seal caused by the instability of the water-rich sand layer. Multiple grout stop plates control the flow of cement slurry or other modifiers, ensuring that the cement slurry is injected into the soil bin along a predetermined path, preventing the leakage of the modifier to the face or other unnecessary areas, and improving the utilization efficiency of the modifier.

[0061] In one embodiment, after step S501, the method for tunneling a tunnel in a water-rich sand layer in the adjacent sea area proposed by the present invention further includes the steps of:

[0062] S5011: Pry open one layer of bristles of each of the tail seal brushes;

[0063] S5012: Apply grease to the prying position of the bristles in multiple times;

[0064] S5013: Repeat the step of prying open one layer of bristles of each of the tail seal brushes until grease is applied to each layer of the bristles.

[0065] Furthermore, after installing the tail seal brushes, grease application operations are performed on each tail seal brush. By prying open the bristles of each tail seal brush and applying grease to the prying position of the bristles in multiple times, it is ensured that the grease can evenly cover the bristles, so as to reduce the friction between the tail seal brushes and the soil during the tunneling process, reduce wear, and extend the service life of the tail seal brushes.

[0066] In one embodiment, before step S70, the method for tunneling a tunnel in a water-rich sand layer in the adjacent sea area proposed by the present invention further includes the steps of:

[0067] S69: Circumferentially inject a sodium silicate mixture between the tail seal and the inner wall of the tunnel to form a water sealing ring.

[0068] It should be noted that by circumferentially injecting a sodium silicate mixture between the tail seal and the inner wall of the tunnel to form a water sealing ring, the sodium silicate mixture has good waterproof performance and can quickly solidify after contacting the soil, forming a solid waterproof layer, so as to reduce the entry of groundwater and sand grains into the tunnel through the gap between the tail seal and the inner wall of the tunnel, and reduce the phenomena of water gushing and sand gushing inside the tunnel, improving the stability and safety of the tunnel.

[0069] In one embodiment, the modifier is an IS-PA polymer modifier.

[0070] It can be explained that the IS-PA polymer modifier can improve the physical structure of the soil, form good aggregates, significantly improve the stability and impermeability of the water-rich sand layer during the tunneling process of the shield machine, and reduce the phenomena of water and sand gushing during the tunneling process. By injecting bentonite, foam and the IS-PA polymer modifier into the soil bin of the shield machine together, it is ensured that the soil is effectively improved both physically and chemically, thereby improving the tunneling efficiency and safety.

[0071] The above are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention accordingly. Any equivalent structural transformation made under the technical concept of the present invention by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or direct / indirect application in other related technical fields is included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunneling method for water-rich sand layers in adjacent sea areas, characterized in that, Including the steps of: Determine the reinforcement area according to the tunneling range of the tunnel; Construct a vertical support structure from the ground into the reinforcement area; Construct a horizontal support structure from the tunnel face into the reinforcement area; Respectively set a bentonite injection system, a foam injection system and a modifier injection system on the front shield of the shield machine; Set an anti-gushing door on the front side of the screw conveyor of the shield machine, and set a plurality of slag discharge doors on the rear side of the screw conveyor; Set an air inflation and rubber coexistence sealing structure at the hinge joint of the front shield and the rear shield; The shield machine tunnels the tunnel along the tunnel face, the bentonite injection system injects bentonite into the soil bin of the shield machine and the silo of the screw conveyor respectively through a grouting pump, and the foam injection system and the modifier injection system inject foam and modifier into the soil bin of the shield machine respectively through the grouting pump.

2. The tunneling method for a water-rich sand layer in the adjacent sea area according to claim 1, wherein The step of respectively setting a bentonite injection system, a foam injection system and a modifier injection system on the front shield of the shield machine includes: Set a plurality of first injection holes on the cutter head of the shield machine and the front side of the screw conveyor, and connect each of the first injection holes to a bentonite storage bin; Set a plurality of second injection holes on the front side of the screw conveyor, and connect each of the second injection holes to a foam storage bin; Set a plurality of partitions in the screw conveyor, and open a plurality of third injection holes on each of the partitions, and connect each of the third injection holes to a modifier storage bin.

3. The tunneling method for the water-rich sand layer in the adjacent sea area according to claim 2, characterized in that, After the step of setting a plurality of partitions in the screw conveyor and opening a plurality of third injection holes on each of the partitions and connecting each of the third injection holes to a modifier storage bin, the method further includes: Open a plurality of fourth injection holes on each of the partitions, and connect each of the fourth injection holes to an inert slurry storage bin; After the step that the shield machine tunnels the tunnel along the tunnel face, the bentonite injection system injects bentonite into the soil bin of the shield machine and the silo of the screw conveyor respectively through a grouting pump, and the foam injection system and the modifier injection system inject foam and modifier into the soil bin of the shield machine respectively through the grouting pump, the method further includes: Inject inert slurry into the soil bin through the grouting pump.

4. The tunneling method for a water-rich sand layer in the adjacent sea area according to claim 1, characterized in that The step of constructing a vertical support structure from the ground into the reinforcement area includes: Drill a plurality of vertical holes at intervals from the ground downward in the reinforcement area, so that each of the vertical holes extends below the reinforcement area; the plurality of vertical holes are arranged in an array in the reinforcement area; Inject cement slurry into each of the vertical holes.

5. The tunneling method for a water-rich sand layer in the adjacent sea area according to claim 1, characterized in that The step of constructing a horizontal support structure from the tunnel face of the tunnel into the reinforcement area includes: Drill a plurality of horizontal holes from the tunnel face into the reinforcement area; the plurality of horizontal holes are circumferentially spaced along the tunnel face; Inject cement slurry into each of the horizontal holes.

6. The tunneling method for a water-rich sand layer in the adjacent sea area according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The step of setting an air inflation and rubber coexistence sealing structure at the hinge joint of the front shield and the rear shield includes: Connect a rubber sealing strip at the hinge joint of the front shield and the rear shield; Set an adjusting bolt on the rubber sealing strip to adjust the tightness of the rubber sealing strip; An airbag is provided on the side of the rubber sealing strip facing the shield machine; The airbag is inflated so that the airbag abuts against the rubber sealing strip to form the inflatable and rubber symbiotic sealing structure.

7. The tunneling method for a water-rich sand layer in the adjacent sea area according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, After the steps of providing a surge-proof door on the front side of the screw conveyor of the shield machine and providing a plurality of slag discharge doors on the rear side of the screw conveyor, the method further includes: Installing a plurality of shield tail brushes circumferentially along the face of the shield tail; Installing a plurality of steel plate bundles at the shield tail; Installing a plurality of grout stop plates circumferentially along the face of the shield tail so that the plurality of grout stop plates enclose to form a slurry discharge channel.

8. The tunneling method for the water-rich sand layer in the adjacent sea area according to claim 7, characterized in that, After the step of installing a plurality of shield tail brushes circumferentially along the face of the shield tail, the method further includes: Prying open one layer of bristles of each of the shield tail brushes; Applying grease to the prying-open position of the bristles in multiple times; Repeating the step of prying open one layer of bristles of each of the shield tail brushes until grease is applied to each layer of the bristles.

9. The tunneling method for a water-rich sand layer in the adjacent sea area according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that Before the step of the shield machine tunneling along the face and the bentonite injection system injecting bentonite into the soil bin of the shield machine and the silo of the screw conveyor respectively through a grouting pump, and the foam injection system and the modifier injection system injecting foam and modifier into the soil bin of the shield machine respectively through the grouting pump, the method further includes: Circumferentially injecting a sodium silicate mixture between the shield tail and the inner wall of the tunnel to form a water sealing ring.

10. The tunneling method for a water-rich sand layer in the adjacent sea area according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The modifier is an IS-PA polymer modifier.

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