Siphon spider-shaped water turbine

Abstract

The invention discloses a siphon spider-shaped water turbine. The water turbine is composed of a high-level water storage unit, a siphon flow guide unit and a power generation unit. The high-level water storage unit is provided with a reservoir or a barrage at the top of a water head, and is internally provided with structures such as a flow guide partition plate and a grating plate; the siphon diversion unit adopts a full-sealed siphon and conveys water obliquely according to terrain; the power generation unit comprises a water turbine 50cm below the water surface, a power generator and a power transformation mechanism, and the water turbine is provided with innovative structures such as a spider-shaped water inlet and a hyperboloid rotating wheel. Based on the siphon principle, water impacts a turbine runner through a siphon by means of water level difference to drive a generator to generate electricity, and a power transformation mechanism guarantees the electric energy quality. Compared with a traditional water turbine, the water turbine can adapt to complex terrains, the installed capacity can be improved by at least 80% when the water turbine is matched with other units on the same dam, the power generation efficiency is improved by optimizing the structure, water resources are recycled, and economic and environment-friendly values are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydroelectric power generation equipment, specifically a siphon spider-type water turbine, which is particularly suitable for scenarios where, under different terrain conditions, the structure of the hydroelectric power generation system is optimized to improve the utilization efficiency of water resources and the power generation efficiency. Background Art

[0002] In the context of the continuous growth of global energy demand, hydroelectric power generation, as a clean and renewable energy acquisition method, has been widely used. Traditional hydroelectric power generation equipment, such as common water turbines, usually relies on the head of natural water flow or the water level difference formed by dam impoundment to drive the rotation of the water turbine, and then drives the generator to generate electricity. However, such traditional water turbines have many limitations.

[0003] On the one hand, traditional water turbines have strict requirements for terrain and water flow conditions. In some areas with complex terrain or small water level drops, it is difficult to fully exert their efficiency, resulting in insufficient utilization of water resources. On the other hand, in the existing hydroelectric power generation system, usually only one unit can be installed at the same dam or water flow, with limited installed capacity, unable to effectively utilize all water energy resources, causing energy waste, and at the same time restricting the improvement of power generation benefits. In addition, in the structural design of traditional water turbines, the impact efficiency of water flow on the runner is relatively low, and there are large losses in the energy conversion process, reducing the overall power generation efficiency. Moreover, during the power generation process, due to the instability of water flow and the characteristics of the power generation equipment itself, the power quality is easily affected, such as problems like harmonic interference, increasing the difficulty and cost of power transmission and grid connection.

[0004] With the continuous development of energy technology, higher requirements are put forward for hydroelectric power generation equipment. There is an urgent need for a new type of hydroelectric power generation equipment that can adapt to different terrain conditions, improve the utilization efficiency of water resources, increase the installed capacity and power generation efficiency, and at the same time ensure the power quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve the above technical problems and provides a siphon spider-type water turbine.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: a siphon spider-type water turbine, comprising:

[0007] A high-level water storage unit, including a reservoir or a barrage arranged at the top of the water head, and a water collection chamber with a water level sensor is provided at its bottom;

[0008] A siphon diversion unit, including a fully sealed siphon pipe communicated with the water collection chamber, and the siphon pipe extends downward along the terrain at an inclination angle of 15 - 35°;

[0009] The power generation unit includes a water turbine installed 50 cm below the water surface, a generator coaxially connected to the water turbine, and a power conversion mechanism. The circumferential direction of the water turbine is provided with 6-8 water inlets distributed in a spider shape, and the axis of each water inlet forms a 90° angle with the radial direction of the water turbine.

[0010] Furthermore, the high-level water storage unit further includes:

[0011] A first V-shaped diversion partition vertically arranged in the reservoir, with its open end facing the water collection chamber;

[0012] The first and second grid plates arranged in parallel, and the distance between the two grid plates is 1 / 3 - 1 / 2 of the width of the reservoir;

[0013] The water inlet end of the siphon is located in the cavity formed between the second grid plate and the inner wall of the reservoir, and is provided with an anti-vortex cover, and its pipe diameter gradually decreases in a ratio of 1:1.2 - 1.5 along the water flow direction.

[0014] Furthermore, a water level sensor is installed in the high-level water storage unit, and a make-up water pipe is arranged on the side far from the siphon. The make-up water pipe is used to supplement water to the reservoir.

[0015] Furthermore, the water turbine includes:

[0016] A hyperboloid runner, and its blade surface is provided with a nano-hydrophobic coating;

[0017] A multi-stage diversion ring, arranged outside the runner, and the distance between each diversion ring decreases in an arithmetic sequence along the radial direction;

[0018] A pressure balance chamber, arranged at the axis position of the runner and forming a Venturi effect structure with the water inlet.

[0019] Furthermore, the power conversion mechanism adopts a multi-stage voltage transformation structure, including:

[0020] The first-stage voltage transformation module, and the output voltage is dynamically adjusted according to the rotation speed of the water turbine;

[0021] The second-stage filtering module, including an adaptive harmonic suppression circuit;

[0022] The third-stage grid connection module, which has the functions of detecting islanding effect and automatic disconnection from the grid.

[0023] Furthermore, the siphon is a fully sealed pipeline, and the joints of the pipeline adopt a sealing structure to prevent air from entering and water from leaking, ensuring the stable formation of the siphon phenomenon and the efficient transportation of water flow.

[0024] Further, the high-level water storage unit is arranged at the dam, and the water outlet of the water turbine is communicated with the river, so that the water flow can be discharged into the river after doing work through the water turbine; the power transformation mechanism is a power transmission station, which is used for boosting the electric energy generated by the generator and then transmitting it to the power grid.

[0025] Further, the high-level water storage unit is arranged on flat ground, and a water outlet pipe is connected to the water outlet of the water turbine;

[0026] The power transformation mechanism is a transformer box, which is used for preliminarily transforming the electric energy generated by the generator.

[0027] The advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows:

[0028] 1. By arranging a reservoir or a barrage at the top of the water head, the present invention can effectively collect and store the water flow, forming a stable water level difference. Even in areas with complex terrain or small water level drops, the water resources can be fully utilized for power generation, greatly improving the utilization efficiency of water resources compared with traditional hydroelectric power generation equipment.

[0029] 2. At the same dam or water flow, usually only one unit can be installed in the traditional technology, while the siphon spider-type water turbine unit of the present invention can be used in combination with other types of water turbines, doubling the installed capacity and increasing the installed capacity by at least 80%. This not only makes full use of the limited water resources, but also significantly improves the power generation benefit and reduces the investment cost per unit of electricity.

[0030] 3. The unique structural design of the water turbine, including the water inlets distributed in a spider shape with specific angles, the hyperboloid runner, the multi-stage guide rings, and the pressure balance chamber, etc., optimizes the impact mode of the water flow on the runner and the energy conversion process, reduces the energy loss, and improves the overall power generation efficiency. At the same time, the application of the nano-hydrophobic coating further reduces the friction between the water flow and the blades, enhancing the energy conversion effect.

[0031] 4. The power transformation mechanism adopts a multi-stage voltage transformation structure. By functions such as dynamically adjusting the voltage, filtering harmonics, and detecting islanding effects, it effectively guarantees the power quality, reduces the difficulty and cost of power transmission and grid connection, and improves the stability and reliability of the power generation system.

[0032] 5. Whether at the dam or on flat ground, the present invention can achieve effective power generation through reasonable system design. At the dam, the water outlet of the water turbine can be directly communicated with the river; on flat ground, a water circulation system is formed by setting components such as water outlet pipes, expanding the application range of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the siphon spider-type water turbine of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the water turbine of the siphon spider-type water turbine of the present invention. Specific embodiments

[0035] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0036] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the term "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; for those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0037] I. Working principle of the present invention:

[0038] The siphon spider-type water turbine provided by the present invention mainly includes three core parts: a high-level water storage unit, a siphon diversion unit, and a power generation unit.

[0039] High-level water storage unit. The high-level water storage unit includes a reservoir or a barrage arranged at the top of the water head, and a water collection chamber with a water level sensor is provided at its bottom. A first V-shaped diversion partition is vertically arranged in the reservoir, and its open end faces the water collection chamber, which is used to guide the water flow towards the water collection chamber to improve the water flow collection efficiency; at the same time, a first grid plate and a second grid plate are arranged in parallel. The widths of the first grid plate and the second grid plate are 1 / 4 - 1 / 3 of the width of the reservoir, which are used to filter impurities in the water to prevent larger particles of debris from entering the siphon and the water turbine and affecting the normal operation of the equipment. The water inlet end of the siphon 2 is located in the cavity formed between the second grid plate and the inner wall of the reservoir, and an anti-vortex cover is provided, and its pipe diameter gradually decreases along the water flow direction according to a ratio of 1:1.2 - 1.5. In addition, a water level sensor is installed in the high-level water storage unit to monitor the water level in the reservoir in real time, and a water supply pipe is arranged on the side far from the siphon 2. When the water level is lower than the set value, water is supplemented into the reservoir through the water supply pipe to ensure the stability of water storage.

[0040] Siphon diversion unit

[0041] The siphon diversion unit includes a fully sealed siphon 2 communicated with the water collection chamber, and the siphon 2 extends downward along the terrain at an inclination angle of 15 - 35°. The siphon adopts a fully sealed structure, and the connection part adopts a sealed structure to avoid air entry and water leakage, ensuring the stable formation of the siphon phenomenon and the efficient transportation of water flow.

[0042] Power generation unit

[0043] The power generation unit includes a water turbine 3 installed 50 cm below the water surface, a generator coaxially connected to the water turbine 3, and a power conversion mechanism. A plurality of water inlets 301 distributed in a spider shape are provided in the circumferential direction of the water turbine 3. The axis of each water inlet 301 forms a 90° angle with the radial direction of the water turbine 3, so that the impact of the water flow on the turbine blades is the greatest and the power generation effect is the best. The interior of the water turbine 3 includes a hyperboloid runner, and a nano-hydrophobic coating is provided on the surface of its blades, which can reduce the friction between the water flow and the blades and improve the energy conversion efficiency; a multi-stage guide ring is also provided, which is arranged around the runner, and the distance between each guide ring decreases in an arithmetic sequence along the radial direction to optimize the diversion path of the water flow and enhance the impact force on the runner; and a pressure balance chamber is arranged at the axis position of the runner and forms a Venturi effect structure with the water inlet to further enhance the driving effect of the water flow on the runner. The power conversion mechanism adopts a multi-stage voltage conversion structure, including a first-stage voltage conversion module whose output voltage can be dynamically adjusted according to the rotation speed of the water turbine; a second-stage filtering module, including an adaptive harmonic suppression circuit, which is used to filter the harmonics in the electric energy and improve the power quality; a third-stage grid connection module, which has an islanding effect detection and automatic disconnection function to ensure the safety and stability of the connection between the power generation system and the power grid.

[0044] The present invention works based on the siphon principle and the energy conversion principle. A reservoir or a barrage is set at the top of the high water head. By collecting and storing the water flow, a stable water head with a height difference is formed. When the air in the siphon is exhausted and a vacuum state is formed, under the action of the atmospheric pressure and the water head difference, the water flows from the reservoir to the water turbine through the siphon. The siphon extends downward along the terrain at a specific inclination angle, and the gravity of the water head is used to make the water flow form a high-speed flow in the pipeline, converting the potential energy of the water into kinetic energy.

[0045] After the water flow enters the water turbine, it impacts the runner blades at a more efficient angle through the water inlets distributed in a spider shape in the circumferential direction and having a specific angle. The special design of the hyperboloid runner and the nano-hydrophobic coating on the blade surface reduce the water flow resistance. The multi-stage guide ring optimizes the water flow path, and the Venturi effect structure formed by the pressure balance chamber and the water inlet further enhances the impact force of the water flow on the runner, causing the runner to rotate at a high speed and converting the kinetic energy of the water flow into mechanical energy. The runner is coaxially connected to the generator through the main shaft to drive the generator to generate electricity and convert the mechanical energy into electric energy.

[0046] The power conversion mechanism performs multi-stage processing on the electric energy generated by the generator. The first-stage voltage conversion module dynamically adjusts the output voltage according to the rotation speed of the water turbine to adapt to the power generation requirements under different working conditions; the second-stage filtering module filters the harmonics through the adaptive harmonic suppression circuit to improve the power quality; the third-stage grid connection module detects the islanding effect and realizes automatic disconnection to ensure the safe and stable connection of the electric energy to the power grid.

[0047] II. Embodiment:

[0048] Example 1: Application at the dam

[0049] Build a water storage tank at the top of the high water head of the dam as the high-level water storage unit. Vertically and horizontally install the first V-shaped diversion partition board, the first grille board, and the second grille board inside the water storage tank. The open end of the first V-shaped diversion partition board faces the water collection cavity. The widths of the first grille board and the second grille board are 1 / 3 of the width of the water storage tank. Install the inlet end of the siphon tube 2 in the cavity between the second grille board 103 and the inner wall of the water storage tank, and install an anti-vortex cover. The diameter of the siphon tube tapers along the water flow direction at a ratio of 1:1.2. The siphon tube extends downward along the terrain of the dam at an inclination angle of 25° and is connected to a water turbine 3 located 50 cm below the water surface.

[0050] Install multiple water inlets 301 distributed in a spider shape in the circumferential direction of the water turbine 3. The axis of each water inlet 301 forms a 90° angle with the radial direction of the water turbine 3. Install a hyperbolic runner inside the water turbine, and coat the surface of its blades with a nano-hydrophobic coating; install multiple guide rings, and the spacing between each guide ring decreases in an arithmetic sequence along the radial direction; set a pressure balance cavity at the axis position of the runner to form a Venturi effect structure with the water inlet. Connect the water turbine 3 to the generator coaxially through the main shaft. The generator is connected to a power transformation mechanism, and the power transformation mechanism adopts the form of a power substation, which is used to step up the electric energy generated by the generator and other processes and then transmit it to the power grid. The outlet of the water turbine 3 is directly connected to the river below the dam.

[0051] Operation process

[0052] The water storage tank collects and stores water flow, guides the water flow to the water collection cavity through the first V-shaped diversion partition board, and the first grille board and the second grille board filter impurities in the water. When the air in the siphon tube is discharged to form a siphon phenomenon, the water flows at high speed through the siphon tube under the action of the water level difference and the atmospheric pressure and flows to the water turbine. The water flow impacts the runner of the water turbine at a specific angle through the water inlet, drives the runner to rotate at high speed, and then drives the generator to generate electricity. The electric energy generated by the generator successively passes through the first-stage voltage regulation module of the power transformation mechanism to dynamically adjust the voltage, the second-stage filtering module to filter harmonics, and the third-stage grid connection module to detect the islanding effect and achieve automatic disconnection from the grid, and then step up and transmit it to the power grid. The water level sensor monitors the water level of the water storage tank in real time. When the water level is insufficient, water is supplemented to the water storage tank through the water supply pipe.

[0053] Example 2: Application on flat ground

[0054] Build a high-level water storage unit on flat ground, and also install the first V-shaped diversion partition board, the first grille board, the second grille board, as well as a water level sensor and a water supply pipe. The installation method of the siphon tube 2 is similar to that in Example 1, but the outlet of its water turbine 3 is connected to a water outlet pipe to form a water circulation system. The power transformation mechanism adopts the form of a power transformation box, which is used to perform preliminary voltage transformation and other processes on the electric energy generated by the generator.

[0055] Operation process

[0056] The high-level water storage unit stores water flow and conveys the water to the water turbine 3 through the siphon diversion unit. The working process of the water turbine is the same as that in the first embodiment, and the water flow impacts the runner to drive the generator to generate electricity. The electric energy generated by the generator is preliminarily voltage-transformed by the transformer box. The water flow at the water outlet of the water turbine is discharged through the water outlet pipe. When the water flow energy is insufficient, the electric auxiliary drive module is started to convey the water to the water supply pipe and return to the high-level water storage unit again to realize the recycling of water resources. The water level sensor monitors the water level in real time to ensure the stable operation of the system.

[0057] In summary, through the unique structural design and working principle, the present invention has remarkable innovation and practicability in the field of hydraulic power generation, can effectively solve many problems in the prior art, and has broad application prospects and great economic value.

[0058] The above describes the present invention and its implementation manners. Such description is not restrictive. What is shown in the drawings is only one of the implementation manners of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Generally speaking, if those of ordinary skill in the art are inspired by it and without departing from the purpose of the present invention creation, without creative design, the structural manners and embodiments similar to the technical solution should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Siphon type spider-shaped water turbine, characterized in that: Comprising: A high-level water storage unit, including a reservoir or a dam built at the top of the water head, with a water collection chamber equipped with a water level sensor at its bottom; A siphon diversion unit, including a fully sealed siphon pipe (2) connected to the water collection chamber, and the siphon pipe (2) extends downward along the terrain at an inclination angle of 15 - 35°; A power generation unit, including a water turbine (3) installed 50 cm below the water surface, a generator and a power transformation mechanism coaxially connected to the water turbine (3). There are 6 - 8 water inlets (301) distributed in a spider shape in the circumferential direction of the water turbine (3), and the axis of each water inlet (301) forms a 90° angle with the radial direction of the water turbine (3). The bottom of the water turbine (3) is provided with a water outlet (6), which is connected to a water outlet pipe (302).

2. The siphon type spider turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-level water storage unit further includes: A first V-shaped diversion partition vertically arranged in the reservoir, with its open end facing the water collection chamber; A first grid plate and a second grid plate arranged in parallel, and the first grid plate and the second grid plate are 1 / 4 - 1 / 3 of the width of the reservoir; The water inlet end of the siphon pipe (2) is located in the cavity formed between the second grid plate and the inner wall of the reservoir, and is provided with an anti-vortex cover, and its pipe diameter gradually decreases along the water flow direction according to a ratio of 1:1.2 - 1.

5.

3. The siphon-type spider-shaped water turbine according to claim 2, characterized in that: A water level sensor is installed in the high-level water storage unit, and a make-up water pipe is arranged on the side far from the siphon pipe, and the make-up water pipe is used to supplement water to the reservoir.

4. The siphon type spider turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water turbine (3) includes: A hyperbolic runner, with a nano-hydrophobic coating on the surface of its blades; Multi-stage diversion rings, arranged around the runner, and the distance between each diversion ring decreases in an arithmetic sequence along the radial direction; A pressure balance chamber, arranged at the axis position of the runner and forming a Venturi effect structure with the water inlet.

5. The siphon type spider turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power transformation mechanism adopts a multi-stage voltage transformation structure, including: A first-stage voltage transformation module, and the output voltage is dynamically adjusted according to the rotation speed of the water turbine; A second-stage filtering module, including an adaptive harmonic suppression circuit; A third-stage grid connection module, with islanding effect detection and automatic disconnection functions.

6. The siphon spider type water turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The siphon pipe (2) is a fully sealed pipe, and the connection part adopts a sealing structure to prevent air from entering and water from leaking, ensuring the stable formation of the siphon phenomenon and the efficient transportation of water flow.

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