Tunnel anchor buttress excavation measurement method

Abstract

The invention discloses a tunnel anchor buttress construction measurement method, which specifically comprises a laser positioning measurement method, a three-point one-line control measurement method and a total station resection measurement method. The tunnel anchor buttress excavation positioning device effectively achieves accurate and efficient tunnel anchor buttress excavation positioning under the complex terrain and structure conditions. According to the technical scheme, the positioning precision is improved, and the construction safety and reliability are ensured by monitoring the construction process in real time. Besides, the method has wide application prospects in various engineering projects due to simplicity, convenience and adaptability, the accuracy of engineering measurement and the controllability of the construction process can be remarkably improved, and the method has important reference value and wide application prospects for similar engineering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of construction engineering surveying, and more particularly to a combined laser and total station positioning measurement method. Background Art

[0002] In the field of construction engineering, especially in the construction of bridges and tunnels, the precise positioning of piers is crucial for the stability and safety of the entire structure. The main design parameters of the pier are: pile length 35m and pile diameter 5m. Traditional measurement methods often struggle to achieve the required accuracy and efficiency when faced with complex construction environments and special structural requirements. For example, in the excavation positioning of the pier of the U-shaped tunnel anchor of the Lugu Lake Grand Bridge, due to the reverse inclination formed between the pier and the tunnel anchor body and the angle of 120° with the horizontal ground, combined with the observation limitations of the total station at large depression angles, precise positioning becomes extremely challenging.

[0003] To overcome these technical problems, the present invention proposes a new method for excavating and positioning the pier of a U-shaped tunnel anchor combined with laser measurement technology. Through the collaborative work of laser orientation and the total station, the present invention can achieve precise control and real-time monitoring of the pier excavation process, thereby ensuring high precision and high efficiency of construction. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, to address the above deficiencies, a measurement method combining simple laser positioning and total station verification is provided. The present invention is applied to the construction surveying technology of tunnel anchor piers in large infrastructure construction projects. This technical solution aims at the problem of pier excavation positioning in bridge or tunnel projects with special structures and construction requirements. The present invention solves the problem of how to accurately and efficiently carry out the excavation positioning of tunnel anchor piers under complex terrain and structural conditions through the integrated application of simple laser positioning equipment and total station. This technical solution not only improves the positioning accuracy of tunnel anchor pier excavation, but also ensures the construction quality by real-time monitoring the construction process. The technical solution of the present invention is applicable to engineering projects including but not limited to bridges, tunnels, large building foundations, and other projects that require high-precision positioning and monitoring. Through the application of the present invention, the accuracy of engineering surveying and the controllability of the construction process can be significantly improved, which has important reference value and broad application prospects for similar projects.

[0005] The present invention is implemented as follows. A tunnel anchor pier excavation measurement method is constructed, which is a U-shaped tunnel anchor pier excavation positioning method combined with laser measurement technology. Through the application of high-precision laser measurement technology, precise control of the tunnel anchor pier excavation process is achieved, thereby ensuring the safety and reliability of construction. The core of the present invention lies in using laser measurement technology to improve the accuracy and efficiency of tunnel anchor pier construction. The specific content includes the following key aspects: (1) Laser positioning measurement method: Use a total station to accurately position the laser installation point, embed a bolt (3) in the central ray direction of the pier at the tunnel anchor top, and install a laser emission device (1) to ensure its stability and perform precise horizontal and vertical screw adjustments (4); the laser emission device is used to emit laser signals (5) to provide an accurate parallel reference line (2) for pier excavation; (2) Three-point alignment control measurement method: Set control points (6) at positions observable below the pier orifice, and use laser positioning (1) or manual wire-pulling methods to ensure that the direction of the reference line (7) is consistent with the pier axis direction; (3) Total station resection measurement method: The main design parameters of the pier are: pile length 35m, pile diameter 5m. Set control points (8) horizontally and at a large angle (about 60°) at positions observable below the pier orifice, and control the excavation process of the pier by lowering the total station to the bottom of the hole and using the resection principle; (4) Real-time monitoring and adjustment during construction: During the excavation of the pier pile foundation, excavate according to the laser ray direction and measure and review the pile position dimensions. The laser positioning device needs to be regularly reviewed to ensure the accuracy of the laser direction, so as to achieve precise control of the pier excavation process.

[0006] Further; the laser positioning measurement method is specifically as follows: Use a total station to accurately lay out the axis points of the pier on the bottom surface (2) and top surface (1) of the tunnel anchor, make marks, and record the coordinates and elevations of the control points; provide a reference for the positioning of the laser emitter and ensure that this position can make the laser beam point from the pier axis to the pier pile foundation orifice; bury a bolt (3) at the pier axis position (1) on the tunnel top to install the fixed bracket of the laser pointer, and ensure that the bracket has sufficient bearing capacity and stability. Place the laser emitter on the bracket and perform horizontal and vertical screw (4) adjustments to ensure that the emission direction of the laser beam is consistent with the design direction, and the emission direction points to the center of the pier at the bottom of the hole (2), and bury 4 control marks on the first-layer hole top retaining wall as later laser review and deviation correction measures.

[0007] Further; the laser positioning pointer includes a laser emitter, a fixed seat, a fixed rod, a fixed ring and a bolt with a diameter of 20-22mm; the instrument selects a 500m range model, which fully meets the on-site construction requirements, and the light spot at 100m of the instrument is not more than 15mm; During the excavation of the tunnel anchor pier, accurately control the pier excavation direction by measuring the distance from the laser reference line to the hole wall, and regularly review the position and ray direction of the laser pointer.

[0008] Furthermore, the three-point alignment control survey method is specifically as follows: Set control points (6) at positions observable below the pier hole opening. The control points are buried using concrete + survey nails. By means of laser positioning (1) or manual wire-drawing, ensure that the direction of the reference line (7) is consistent with the pier axis direction, and accurately control the pier excavation direction by measuring the distance from the reference line to the hole wall. During the construction process, take appropriate guarantee measures to prevent the control points from being damaged by construction activities. Regularly check the stability of the laser transmitter and the fixed support to ensure the continuity and accuracy of the measurement. Record all measurement data, including the coordinates of the control points, the adjustment records of the laser beam, and any deviations during the excavation process.

[0009] Furthermore, the resection survey method at the bottom of the hole is specifically as follows: The main design parameters of the pier are: pile length 35m, pile diameter 5m. As the excavation progresses, due to the reverse inclination formed by the pier and the tunnel anchor body, the observation ability of the total station at a large depression angle is limited. When the total station at the top of the pier can no longer observe the situation inside the hole, move the total station to the vicinity of the excavation surface on one side of the pier, and set control points (8) horizontally and at a large angle (about 60°) at positions observable below the pier hole opening. The control points are buried using concrete + survey nails. Control the excavation process of the pier by lowering the total station to the bottom of the hole and using the resection principle.

[0010] The present invention relates to the technical field of construction engineering surveying, especially the positioning surveying technology for tunnel anchor pier construction in large infrastructure construction projects. This technical solution provides a U-shaped tunnel anchor pier excavation positioning method combining laser measurement technology and total station measurement technology, aiming to solve the problem of accurately and efficiently positioning the excavation of tunnel anchor piers under complex terrain and structural conditions.

[0011] The laser and total station combined positioning survey method of the present invention includes a laser emission device, a total station, and control points buried in concrete. This method provides an accurate construction parallel reference line through the laser emission device, and the total station is used for the installation, debugging, and measurement of the control points and the laser emission device to achieve precise control of the pier excavation process. In addition, the present invention also includes a pier survey method, which sets control points horizontally and at a large angle at positions observable below the pier hole opening to ensure that the total station is lowered into the hole and the resection survey method is used to observe the pier excavation situation.

[0012] The survey method of the present invention includes the installation and adjustment of the laser positioning device, the establishment of control points, the application of the total station verification method, and the real-time monitoring and adjustment during the construction process. This method not only improves the positioning accuracy of the tunnel anchor pier excavation, but also ensures the construction quality by real-time monitoring the construction process, while improving the construction efficiency and reducing the construction risk.

[0013] The significant advantages of the present invention lie in its high-precision positioning, real-time monitoring and adjustment, ease of operation, and strong environmental adaptability. This technical solution is applicable to bridges, tunnels, large building foundations, and other engineering projects that require high-precision positioning and monitoring, and has important reference value and broad application prospects for similar projects.

[0014] The present invention has the following advantages: The present invention provides a construction survey method for tunnel anchor piers. Through a combined positioning measurement system and method of laser and total station, it effectively solves the problem of accurately and efficiently positioning the excavation of tunnel anchor piers under complex terrain and structural conditions. This technical solution not only improves the positioning accuracy, but also ensures the safety and reliability of construction by real-time monitoring the construction process. In addition, the simplicity and adaptability of this method enable it to have broad application prospects in various engineering projects, significantly improving the accuracy of engineering survey and the controllability of the construction process, and having important reference value and broad application prospects for similar projects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 Shows the overall schematic diagram of the laser measurement method according to the present invention; Figure 2 Shows the composition and installation schematic diagram of the laser pointer; Figure 3 Shows the schematic diagram of the three-point alignment measurement method according to the present invention; Figure 4 Shows the schematic diagram of the resection measurement method according to the present invention.

[0016] Wherein: the top surface of the tunnel anchor 1, the bottom surface of the tunnel anchor 2, the anchor rod 3, the longitudinal helix 4, the emitted laser signal 5, the control point 6, the reference line 7, the control point 8. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0017] The following will combine the attached Figures 1-4 The present invention will be described in detail. The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] The present invention provides a method for measuring the excavation of tunnel anchor piers herein, which is a method for positioning the excavation of U-shaped tunnel anchor piers combined with laser measurement technology. Through the application of high-precision laser measurement technology, this method realizes the precise control of the excavation process of tunnel anchor piers, thus ensuring the safety and reliability of construction. The core of the present invention lies in using laser measurement technology to improve the accuracy and efficiency of tunnel anchor pier construction. The specific content includes the following key aspects: 1. Laser measurement method: Use a total station to accurately layout the axis points of the pier on the bottom surface 2 and top surface 1 of the tunnel anchor and make markings, and record the coordinates and elevations of these control points. Provide a reference for the positioning of the laser emitter and ensure that the position can make the laser beam point to the orifice of the pier pile foundation along the pier axis. As attached later Figure 1 Install a fixed bracket for the laser pointer at the position 1 of the pier axis on the top of the cave. Ensure that the bracket has sufficient bearing capacity and stability. Place the laser emitter on the bracket and make horizontal and vertical screw 4 adjustments to ensure that the emission direction of the laser beam is consistent with the design direction, and the emission direction points to the center 2 of the pier at the bottom of the cave. And bury 4 control marks on the retaining wall at the top of the first layer of holes as later laser review and deviation correction measures.

[0019] The laser positioning pointer includes (take the attached later Figure 2 as an example): a laser emitter, a fixed seat, a fixed rod, a fixed ring and a 20 - 22mm diameter anchor rod. The instrument selects a 500m range model, which fully meets the on - site construction requirements, and the light spot at 100m of the instrument is no larger than 15mm.

[0020] During the excavation of the tunnel anchor pier, accurately control the excavation direction of the pier by measuring the distance from the laser reference line to the hole wall, and regularly review the position and ray direction of the laser pointer.

[0021] 2. Three - point - in - line control measurement method: Take the attached later Figure 3 as an example: Set a control point 6 at a position where it can be observed below the orifice of the pier. The control point is buried by using the method of concrete + nail. Use the laser positioning 1 or the method of manual wire - pulling to ensure that the direction of the reference line 7 is consistent with the pier axis direction, and accurately control the excavation direction of the pier by measuring the distance from the reference line to the hole wall.

[0022] During the construction process, take appropriate guarantee measures to prevent the control points from being damaged by construction activities. Regularly check the stability of the laser emitter and the fixed bracket to ensure the continuity and accuracy of the measurement. Record all measurement data, including the coordinates of the control points, the adjustment records of the laser beam, and any deviations during the excavation process.

[0023] 3. Back - intersection measurement method at the bottom of the hole: Take the attached later Figure 4 as an example: The main design parameters of the pier: pile length 35m, pile diameter 5m. As the excavation progresses, due to the reverse inclination angle formed by the pier and the tunnel anchor body, the observation ability of the total station at a large depression angle is limited. When the total station on the top of the pier can no longer observe the situation inside the cave, move the total station to the vicinity of the excavation surface on one side of the pier, and set a control point 8 horizontally and at a large angle (about 60°) at a position where it can be observed below the orifice of the pier. The control point is buried by using the method of concrete + nail. Control the excavation process of the pier by lowering the total station to the bottom of the hole and using the principle of back - intersection.

[0024] Significant advantages: 1. Multiple measurement methods: Combining laser measurement technology and total station verification significantly improves the positioning accuracy of tunnel anchor pier excavation.

[0025] 2. Real-time monitoring and adjustment: The laser measurement system can monitor the excavation status of the pier in real time and make timely adjustments to ensure construction quality.

[0026] 3. Ease of operation: The combined use of the laser positioning device and the total station simplifies the measurement process, enabling construction personnel to quickly and conveniently perform positioning and verification.

[0027] 4. Improve construction efficiency: Through precise positioning and real-time monitoring, errors and rework during construction are reduced, thus improving construction efficiency.

[0028] 5. Strong environmental adaptability: This measurement method is applicable to the construction of tunnel anchor piers under various complex terrain and structural conditions, including areas with steep terrain and poor stability.

[0029] The present invention provides a construction measurement method for tunnel anchor piers. Through the combined positioning measurement system and method of laser and total station, the problem of accurately and efficiently positioning the excavation of tunnel anchor piers under complex terrain and structural conditions is effectively solved. This technical solution not only improves the positioning accuracy, but also ensures the safety and reliability of construction by real-time monitoring the construction process. In addition, the simplicity and adaptability of this method make it have a wide application prospect in various engineering projects, can significantly improve the accuracy of engineering measurement and the controllability of the construction process, and has important reference value and wide application prospect for similar projects.

[0030] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A tunnel anchor pier excavation measurement method, characterized in that; Using laser measurement technology to improve the accuracy and efficiency of tunnel anchor pier construction. The specific content includes laser positioning measurement method, three-point alignment control measurement method, and total station resection measurement method: Among them, (1) Laser positioning measurement method: Use a total station to accurately locate the laser installation point, embed an anchor rod (3) in the center ray direction of the tunnel anchor top pier to install a laser emission device (1), ensure its stability, and perform transverse and longitudinal screw fine-tuning (4); the laser emission device is used to emit a laser signal (5) to provide a precise parallel reference line (2) for pier excavation; Among them, (2) Three-point alignment control measurement method: Set control points (6) at positions that can be observed below the pier orifice. Use laser positioning (1) or manual wire-pulling to ensure that the direction of the reference line (7) is consistent with the pier axis direction; Among them, (3) Total station resection measurement method: The main design parameters of the pier: pile length 35m, pile diameter 5m; Set control points (8) horizontally and at large angles at positions that can be observed below the pier orifice. Control the excavation process of the pier by lowering the total station to the bottom of the hole and using the resection principle.

2. The tunneling anchor pier excavation measurement method according to claim 1, wherein; The laser positioning measurement method is specifically as follows: Use a total station to accurately loft the axis points of the pier on the bottom surface (2) and top surface (1) of the tunnel anchor and make marks. Record the coordinates and elevation of this control point; Provide a reference for the positioning of the laser emitter and ensure that this position can make the laser beam point from the pier axis to the pier pile orifice; Embed an anchor rod (3) at the pier axis position (1) on the top of the hole to install the fixed bracket of the laser pointer, and ensure that the bracket has sufficient bearing capacity and stability; Place the laser emitter on the bracket and perform transverse and longitudinal screw (4) adjustments to ensure that the emission direction of the laser beam is consistent with the design direction, and the emission direction points to the center of the pier at the bottom of the hole (2). And bury 4 control marks on the first-layer hole top retaining wall as later laser review and deviation correction measures.

3. The tunneling anchor pier excavation measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that; The laser positioning pointer includes a laser emitter, a fixed seat, a fixed rod, a fixed ring, and an anchor rod with a diameter of 20 - 22mm; The instrument selects a 500m range model, which fully meets the on-site construction requirements. The light spot at 100m of the instrument is not larger than 15mm; During the excavation of the tunnel anchor pier, accurately control the excavation direction of the pier by measuring the distance from the laser reference line to the hole wall, and regularly review the position and ray direction of the laser pointer.

4. The excavation measurement method of a tunnel anchor pier according to claim 1, characterized in that; The three-point alignment control measurement method is specifically as follows: Set control points (6) at positions that can be observed below the pier orifice. The control points are buried by using the method of concrete + nail; Use laser positioning (1) or manual wire-pulling to ensure that the direction of the reference line (7) is consistent with the pier axis direction, and accurately control the excavation direction of the pier by measuring the distance from the reference line to the hole wall; During the construction process, take appropriate guarantee measures to prevent the control points from being damaged by construction activities; Regularly check the stability of the laser emitter and the fixed bracket to ensure the continuity and accuracy of the measurement; Record all measurement data, including the coordinates of the control points, the adjustment records of the laser beam, and any deviations during the excavation process.

5. The tunneling anchor pier excavation measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that; The specific method for resection survey at the bottom of the hole is as follows: The main design parameters of the abutment: pile length is 35m, and pile diameter is 5m; As the excavation progresses, due to the reverse inclination formed by the abutment and the tunnel anchor body, the observation ability of the total station at a large depression angle is limited; When the total station at the top of the abutment can no longer observe the situation inside the hole, move the total station to the vicinity of the excavation surface on one side of the abutment, and horizontally and at a large angle set control points (8) at positions that can be observed below the orifice of the abutment hole. The control points are buried by using the method of concrete + survey nails; Control the excavation process of the abutment by lowering the total station to the bottom of the hole and using the resection principle.

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