Water level monitoring and control circuit and system based on friction nanometer generator sensor

Abstract

The invention discloses a water level monitoring and control circuit and system based on a friction nanometer generator sensor. The water level monitoring and control circuit comprises a TENG sensing module, a signal acquisition and transmission module, a logic control module and an equipment control and output module. Wherein the TENG sensing module is composed of an upper-layer TENG sensor, a middle-layer TENG sensor and a lower-layer TENG sensor, and monitoring of water levels at different heights is achieved through friction electric signals generated by contact between water level changes and the surfaces of the sensors. The signal acquisition and transmission module processes voltage signals through a rectifying circuit, the signal stability is improved, then the signals are transmitted to the logic control module, the logic control module judges the water level state according to the dynamic change of the voltage signals, and the functions of low-power-consumption mode switching, automatic water drainage and manual water drainage are supported. And the equipment control and output module starts or stops equipment after receiving the logic control signal, and recovers the system to an initial standby state through a reset circuit when the water level drops to a low level. And low-power-consumption and real-time water level monitoring and automatic control are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the fields of sensor technology and automatic control, and particularly relates to a water level monitoring and control circuit and system based on a triboelectric nanogenerator sensor. Background Art

[0002] In the fields of industry, agriculture, and environmental monitoring, water level monitoring and automatic control systems are of great significance for improving system efficiency and safety.

[0003] Currently, traditional water level sensors (such as float, pressure, and capacitance sensors) have problems such as slow response speed, susceptibility to interference, and accuracy degradation, making it difficult to meet the requirements for stability and low power consumption in complex environments.

[0004] In addition, these sensors usually require additional control modules and external power supplies, increasing the energy consumption and maintenance complexity of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a water level monitoring and control circuit and system based on a triboelectric nanogenerator sensor, which solves the problems of slow response speed, susceptibility to interference, and accuracy degradation of water level sensors in the prior art.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to solve the above technical problems:

[0007] The water level monitoring and control circuit based on a triboelectric nanogenerator sensor includes an upper triboelectric nanogenerator sensor, a middle triboelectric nanogenerator sensor, and a lower triboelectric nanogenerator sensor. Each triboelectric nanogenerator sensor is connected to a logic control module after passing through a signal acquisition and transmission module; the output signal of the logic control module controls the start and stop of the water discharge device.

[0008] The logic control module includes a crystal oscillator circuit and a D flip-flop, which are used for periodically sampling the signals of the triboelectric nanogenerator sensors to detect signal changes;

[0009] A signal latch, which is used to hold the high-level signals of the middle and upper triboelectric nanogenerator sensors;

[0010] AND and OR gate circuits, which are used to judge the automatic or manual control logic of the device.

[0011] The triboelectric nanogenerator sensor is composed of an electrode layer, a polytetrafluoroethylene film, and a wire, and is fixed by a current-carrying column shell.

[0012] The signal acquisition and transmission module includes a rectifier circuit and a signal transmission line, which are used to receive and process the signals from all triboelectric nanogenerator sensors.

[0013] Water level monitoring and control system based on triboelectric nanogenerator sensors, including the water level monitoring and control circuit and the device control and output module based on triboelectric nanogenerator sensors; among them, the upper triboelectric nanogenerator sensor, the middle triboelectric nanogenerator sensor, and the lower triboelectric nanogenerator sensor are respectively arranged at the upper, middle, and lower parts of the water tank; the device control and output module includes a MOSFET switch module, a device output terminal, and a reset circuit. The device output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the MOSFET switch module, and the output terminals of the MOSFET switch module and the reset circuit are both connected to the device control terminal.

[0014] The MOSFET switch module includes a PMOSFET and an NMOSFET connected in series.

[0015] The reset circuit is used to reset the device control signal to a low level when the water level returns to the low position.

[0016] The device output terminal is used to receive a high-level signal and start the corresponding device through the MOSFET switch module to perform a predetermined operation when specific conditions are met.

[0017] A contact resistance is connected between the upper triboelectric nanogenerator sensor, the middle triboelectric nanogenerator sensor, and the lower triboelectric nanogenerator sensor and the signal acquisition and transmission module respectively.

[0018] It also includes a manual control switch. The manual control switch is directly connected to the OR gate circuit of the logic control module and is used to forcibly start or stop the water discharge device by triggering a high-level signal. And the priority of the manual control switch is higher than the automatic control logic.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. Based on the triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction principle, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) can generate electrical signals through the friction between water and the sensor surface when the liquid water level changes, and no external power supply is required. This low-power self-powered characteristic makes TENG suitable for stable and efficient real-time water level monitoring and automatic control, and is applicable to water level monitoring requirements in various environments.

[0021] 2. Through the hierarchical layout of the upper, middle, and lower TENG sensors, the system can distinguish the water level height (such as low, medium, and high) in real time, and combine the crystal oscillator circuit and D flip-flop of the logic control module to sample the signals periodically, dynamically detecting the water level change. Compared with traditional sensors (such as float type) that can only provide a single threshold judgment, this system significantly improves the resolution and environmental adaptability of water level monitoring through the collaborative work of multiple sensors, and is especially suitable for scenarios with frequent water level fluctuations.

[0022] 3. The logic control module integrates a manual control switch through an OR gate circuit (U31), which has a higher priority than the automatic control logic to ensure that the device can be directly triggered to start and stop in case of emergency. At the same time, the reset circuit automatically clears the latch signal when the water level returns to the low level, avoiding misoperation of the device caused by signal residue. This design takes into account both the automation efficiency and the flexibility of manual intervention, improving the reliability and safety of the system under sudden working conditions. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0023] Figure 1 It is a side view of the structure of the upper-layer TENG sensor of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the middle-layer and lower-layer TENG sensors of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 It is an overall diagram of the intelligent water level monitoring and control layout based on the TENG sensor of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4a It is a schematic diagram of the TENG power generation principle of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4b It is the water level signal generation principle of the TENG sensor of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 It is the water level monitoring and control circuit of the TENG sensor of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 It is the logic circuit diagram of the logic control module of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 7 It is the circuit diagram of the water level measurement and control of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 8 It is the working flow chart of the present invention.

[0032] Among them, the identifications in the figure are: 1. Current-carrying column shell; 2. Electrode layer; 3. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film; 4. Upper-layer TENG sensor; 5. Middle-layer TENG sensor; 6. Lower-layer TENG sensor; 7. TENG sensing module; 8. Wire; 9. Signal acquisition and transmission module; 10. Logic control module; 11. Device control and output module; 12. Signal transmission line; 13. Wall; 14. Resistor; 15. Water; A. Input signal of the upper-layer TENG sensor; B. Input signal of the middle-layer TENG sensor; C. Input signal of the lower-layer TENG sensor; D. Manual control button; E. Water discharge signal; F. Low-power mode signal; G. Power supply. Detailed Embodiments

[0033] For the purpose of making the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] The objective of the present invention is to design an intelligent water level monitoring device based on a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and its control method, which realizes the output of a self-powered voltage signal through the triboelectric effect and realizes the real-time monitoring of the liquid water level and the control of the device. To achieve the above objective, the present invention designs a water level monitoring and control circuit and system based on a triboelectric nanogenerator sensor (i.e., a TENG sensor). Among them, the circuit includes an upper triboelectric nanogenerator sensor, a middle triboelectric nanogenerator sensor, and a lower triboelectric nanogenerator sensor. Each triboelectric nanogenerator sensor is connected to a logic control module after passing through a signal acquisition and transmission module; the output signal of the logic control module controls the start and stop of the water discharge device.

[0035] The system includes the water level monitoring and control circuit and a device control and output module; among them, the upper triboelectric nanogenerator sensor, the middle triboelectric nanogenerator sensor, and the lower triboelectric nanogenerator sensor are respectively arranged at the upper, middle, and lower parts of the water tank; the device control and output module includes a MOSFET switch module, a device output terminal, and a reset circuit. The device output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the MOSFET switch module, and the output terminals of the MOSFET switch module and the reset circuit are both connected to the device control terminal.

[0036] Specific embodiments are as Figures 1 to 8 shown

[0037] Embodiment 1

[0038] A water level monitoring and control circuit based on a triboelectric nanogenerator sensor includes an upper triboelectric nanogenerator sensor 4, a middle triboelectric nanogenerator sensor 5, and a lower triboelectric nanogenerator sensor 6. Each triboelectric nanogenerator sensor is connected to a logic control module 10 after passing through a signal acquisition and transmission module 9; the output signal of the logic control module 10 controls the start and stop of the water discharge device.

[0039] The logic control module includes a crystal oscillator circuit and a D flip-flop, which are used for periodically sampling the signals of the triboelectric nanogenerator sensors and detecting signal changes;

[0040] A signal latch, which is used to hold the high-level signals of the middle and upper triboelectric nanogenerator sensors;

[0041] AND and OR gate circuits are used to determine the automatic or manual control logic of the device.

[0042] The triboelectric nanogenerator sensor is composed of an electrode layer 2, a polytetrafluoroethylene film 3, and a wire 8, and is fixed by a current-carrying column shell 1.

[0043] The signal acquisition and transmission module includes a rectifier circuit and a signal transmission line 12, and is used to receive and process signals from all triboelectric nanogenerator sensors.

[0044] Embodiment 2

[0045] An intelligent water level monitoring and automatic control device based on triboelectricity includes a TENG sensing module 7, a signal acquisition and transmission module 9, a logic control module 10, and a device control and output module 11. Among them, the TENG sensing module 7 includes three sensors, namely the upper TENG sensor 4, the middle TENG sensor 5, and the lower TENG sensor 6. These sensors are installed on the wall 13 and distributed at a certain height, and are used to detect different water level heights or changes in environmental conditions. Each TENG sensor is composed of the following components: a current-carrying column shell 1: used as a support structure, with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film 3 and an electrode layer 2 pasted on its outer wall and inner wall. The PTFE film 3 and the electrode layer 2 are sequentially laminated on the current-carrying column shell 1 to form a friction surface and an electrical signal receiving layer, and the generated signals are all transmitted by the wire 8 to the signal acquisition and transmission module 9. The PTFE film 3 and the electrode layer 2 of the upper TENG sensor are located on the outer wall of the current-carrying column shell and are installed in a horizontal placement manner; while the middle TENG sensor 5 and the lower TENG sensor 6 cover the inner wall of the current-carrying column shell 1 to increase the detection area.

[0046] Further, the electrode in the electrode layer is a copper electrode; the current-carrying column shell is an insulating material plate.

[0047] Further, the electrode layers are all located between the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film and the current-carrying column shell.

[0048] The signal acquisition and transmission module 9 includes a rectifier circuit and a signal transmission line 12. The main function of this module is to receive and process signals from the upper TENG sensor 4, the middle TENG sensor 5, and the lower TENG sensor 6 to ensure that the water level information can be stably transmitted to the logic control module 10. The circuit design in the whole system uses a rectifier circuit to process the TENG sensor signals. The main role of the rectifier circuit is to convert the AC signal into a DC signal to ensure the stability and accuracy of the signal. Through rectification, the system can effectively weaken the influence of low-frequency interference and environmental noise, making the signal of water level change clearer. In addition, the configuration of the rectifier circuit can also optimize the working performance according to the characteristics of different sensors, improving the response speed and accuracy of the whole system.

[0049] As Figure 5 shown in Figure 4a and Figure 4b , it is the water level monitoring and control circuit of the TENG sensor. This circuit demonstrates a water level monitoring system integrating multiple TENG (Triboelectric Nanogenerator) sensors. The circuit includes three TENG sensors located at different water level heights: the upper TENG sensor (TENG4), the middle TENG sensor (TENG5), and the lower TENG sensor (TENG6), which are responsible for detecting water level changes. The TENG sensors generate voltage signals through the frictional interaction between the contact resistance 14 connected to the sensor surface by water 15, as Figure 4a , Figure 4b shown. The upper TENG sensor is arranged horizontally, and the electrode layer, PTFE film, and wire are located on the outer wall of the flow-through column shell. The electrode layer is evenly distributed in a strip shape along the outer wall of the flow-through column shell and adheres to the surface of the PTFE film. The electrode layers and PTFE films of the middle TENG sensor and the lower TENG sensor cover the entire inner wall of the flow-through column shell, and the wires are all arranged between the electrode layer and the surface of the flow-through column shell and are connected to the signal acquisition and transmission module.

[0050] After being rectified, the signal is transmitted to the logic control module 10 for dynamically monitoring the water level. MOSFET switches (MOSFET-P1 and MOSFET-N1) are used to control the start and stop of the device, specifically depending on the water level. The logic control module 10 processes the sensor signals and triggers the automatic or manual drainage function according to the water level. At the same time, when the water level is low, the system will also enter the low-power mode to further save energy.

[0051] As Figure 6It is the circuit diagram of the logic control module. This logic circuit diagram realizes the dynamic monitoring of water level, automatic water discharge and manual water discharge control, as well as low-power management. The logic control module is used to judge the water level signal and control the startup of the device, including a logic circuit, a signal latch and a manual control button D. The logic circuit consists of a crystal oscillator circuit (X2, C3, C4), three D flip-flops (U7, U5, U6, U8, U9, U10, U11 and U13, U19, U18, U14, U15, U16, U17 and U21, U28, U26, U22, U23, U24, U25, U26), four AND gates (U20, U27, U29, U30), an OR gate U31 and a NOR gate U32. The crystal oscillator circuit is used to provide a clock signal for periodic sampling of the dynamic changes of the water level. The D flip-flops are used to record the current level states of the three TENG sensors and compare them with the states at the previous moment. The three AND gates (U20, U27, U29) and the NOR gate U32 are used to monitor the sensor states and judge whether to enter the low-power mode. The AND gate U30, the OR gate U31 and the manual control button D are used to judge the automatic water discharge and manual water discharge of the device. The signal latch is used to hold the high levels transmitted by the upper-layer TENG sensor and the middle-layer TENG sensor to the AND gate U30 and the OR gate U31. The logic control module is connected to the device control and output module through a signal transmission line.

[0052] When the water level is lower than the lower-layer TENG sensor, all sensor signals are at low level (C = 0, B = 0, A = 0). The crystal oscillator circuit and D flip-flop detect that the state remains unchanged, and the NOR gate U32 outputs a low-power mode signal (F = 1), and the circuit enters the low-power mode. When the water level rises dynamically and touches the lower-layer TENG sensor, a voltage signal is generated due to the friction between water and the sensor surface, and the lower-layer TENG sensor outputs a high level (C = 1). After the crystal oscillator circuit determines the state change, it switches to the normal operation mode (F = 0). If the water level stops at the lower-layer TENG sensor or rises slowly resulting in insufficient voltage signal, the C signal returns to low level, and the circuit re-enters the low-power mode. When the water level exceeds the lower-layer TENG sensor and does not reach the middle-layer TENG sensor, the C, B, and A signals are all at low level, and the circuit enters the low-power mode again. When the water level rises to the middle-layer TENG sensor 5, the middle-layer TENG sensor becomes high level due to the voltage signal (B = 1), and the signal sent to the AND gate U30 is stabilized through the latch. The user can trigger the water release through the manual control button (D = 1), or wait for the water level to rise further to the upper-layer TENG sensor (A = 1). The signal of the upper-layer TENG sensor also remains high level through the latch, and after logical judgment, a water release signal (E = 1) is output, and the device starts to release water. During the water release process, the water level gradually drops. When it is lower than the middle-layer TENG sensor and the lower-layer TENG sensor (C = 0, B = 0, A = 0), the crystal oscillator circuit detects no dynamic change in the sensor signal through periodic sampling, the reset circuit clears the latch signal, the water release signal (E) returns to low level, and the circuit re-enters the low-power mode, completing a full cycle.

[0053] The device control and output module 11 includes a device output and a reset circuit; the device output means that when specific conditions are met (such as the water level reaches the upper-layer TENG sensor 4 or the manual button D is triggered), the device control and output module 11 receives a high-level signal and uses MOSFET switches (MOSFET-P1 and MOSFET-N1) to control the start or stop of the device, and ensures that the system returns to the initial state when the water level condition changes through the reset circuit. When the water release signal in the logic control module outputs a high level, the device output part will start the corresponding device (such as a water pump or an ice maker), keep the device working until the water level drops below the low water level. At this time, the reset circuit will automatically clear the latch signal, reset the system to the standby state, and stop the device operation to reduce power consumption for the next detection of water level change.

[0054] The function of the reset circuit is to clear the hold signal in the signal latch. When the water level returns to the low level, the reset circuit resets the device control signal to low level. It ensures that the system can return to the initial state after the condition disappears and is ready for the next detection. It avoids the device from continuing to run when it is unnecessary, thus saving energy and prolonging the device life.

[0055] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: The TENG (Triboelectric Nanogenerator) is based on the triboelectric effect and the principle of electrostatic induction, and generates a voltage signal through the change of the water level and the change of the contact area with the sensor. When the water level rises or falls and contacts the surface of the TENG sensor, the friction between the water and the friction material on the TENG surface causes contact separation, resulting in charge accumulation and transfer, and generating a voltage signal related to the contact area. The output voltage of each TENG sensor increases with the increase of the water contact area, thereby converting the water level information into a corresponding voltage signal. After being amplified and filtered in the subsequent circuit, this voltage signal can be used to judge the current water level state and serve as the basic input for system control.

[0056] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. For example, changes in the shape, material, and size of each component. In addition, it should be noted that, in the above specific embodiments, the various specific technical features described can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. To avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not separately describe various possible combination methods. In addition, any combination can be made between different embodiments of the present invention, as long as it does not violate the idea of the present invention, it should also be regarded as the content disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A water level monitoring and control circuit based on a triboelectric nanogenerator sensor, characterized in that: It includes an upper triboelectric nanogenerator sensor, a middle triboelectric nanogenerator sensor, and a lower triboelectric nanogenerator sensor. Each triboelectric nanogenerator sensor is connected to a logic control module after passing through a signal acquisition and transmission module; the output signal of the logic control module controls the start and stop of the water discharge device.

2. The water level monitoring and control circuit based on the triboelectric nanogenerator sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The logic control module includes a crystal oscillator circuit and a D flip-flop, which are used for periodically sampling the signals of the triboelectric nanogenerator sensors to detect signal changes; A signal latch, which is used to hold the high-level signals of the middle and upper triboelectric nanogenerator sensors; An AND gate and an OR gate circuit, which are used to judge the automatic or manual control logic of the device.

3. The water level monitoring and control circuit based on the triboelectric nanogenerator sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The triboelectric nanogenerator sensor is composed of an electrode layer, a polytetrafluoroethylene film, and a wire, and is fixed by a current-carrying column shell.

4. The water level monitoring and control circuit based on the triboelectric nanogenerator sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal acquisition and transmission module includes a rectifier circuit and a signal transmission line, which are used to receive and process the signals from all triboelectric nanogenerator sensors.

5. A water level monitoring and control system based on a triboelectric nanogenerator sensor, characterized in that: It includes the water level monitoring and control circuit and the device control and output module based on the triboelectric nanogenerator sensor described in any one of claims 1 to 4; wherein, the upper triboelectric nanogenerator sensor, the middle triboelectric nanogenerator sensor, and the lower triboelectric nanogenerator sensor are respectively arranged at the upper, middle, and lower parts of the water tank; the device control and output module includes a MOSFET switch module, a device output terminal, and a reset circuit. The device output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the MOSFET switch module, and the output terminals of the MOSFET switch module and the reset circuit are both connected to the device control terminal.

6. The water level monitoring and control system based on the triboelectric nanogenerator sensor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The MOSFET switch module includes a PMOSFET and an NMOSFET connected in series.

7. The water level monitoring and control system based on the triboelectric nanogenerator sensor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The reset circuit is used to reset the device control signal to a low level when the water level returns to the low position.

8. The water level monitoring and control system based on a triboelectric nanogenerator sensor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The device output terminal is used to receive a high-level signal and start the corresponding device through the MOSFET switch module to perform a predetermined operation when specific conditions are met.

9. The water level monitoring and control system based on a triboelectric nanogenerator sensor according to claim 7, characterized in that: A contact resistance is connected between each of the upper triboelectric nanogenerator sensor, the middle triboelectric nanogenerator sensor, and the lower triboelectric nanogenerator sensor and the signal acquisition and transmission module.

10. The water level monitoring and control system based on a triboelectric nanogenerator sensor according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a manual control switch. The manual control switch is directly connected to the OR gate circuit of the logic control module and is used to forcibly start or stop the water discharge device by triggering a high-level signal, and the priority of the manual control switch is higher than the automatic control logic.

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