Remote sensing monitoring method and system based on water environment

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of remote sensing monitoring of water environments, and particularly relates to a remote sensing monitoring method and system based on the water environment, and the method comprises the steps: S1, remote sensing data acquisition, S2, remote sensing data preprocessing, S3, water quality parameter inversion and analysis, S4, result visualization and display, S5, data analysis and decision support, and S6, monitoring result reporting and publishing. The remote sensing technology can monitor wide water bodies from the air or a satellite platform and is not limited by geography and time, compared with traditional on-site sampling and monitoring, remote sensing monitoring can obtain large-range water quality and water environment data in a short time, especially in water areas which are difficult to approach or large in area, and the water quality and water environment data can be obtained through frequent image obtaining. The dynamic change of the water body can be reflected in real time, the water quality, pollution and ecological conditions can be continuously monitored by periodically acquiring remote sensing data, the water environment change such as pollutant diffusion, eutrophication process and algae outbreak can be found in time, and response measures can be taken quickly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of remote sensing monitoring of water environment, and specifically to a remote sensing monitoring method and system based on water environment. Background Technique

[0002] The water environment refers to the spatial environment in which the formation, distribution, and transformation of water in nature occur. The underlying surface refers to the earth's surface, including the ocean, land, plateaus, mountains, plains, forests, grasslands, and cities on land, etc. There are large differences in parameters such as temperature, moisture, and surface shape of each part of the underlying surface, so the underlying surface has non-uniformity;

[0003] In the existing water environment monitoring methods, regular fixed-point water sampling and analysis are mainly adopted. Limited by geography and time, on-site sampling and monitoring cannot obtain large-scale water quality and water environment data in a short time, especially in waters that are difficult to access or have a large area, such as large lakes, rivers, oceans, etc. Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a remote sensing monitoring method and system based on water environment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this part is to outline some aspects of the embodiments of the present invention and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Simplifications or omissions may be made in this part, as well as in the abstract and title of the present application, to avoid obscuring the purpose of this part, the abstract, and the title, but such simplifications or omissions cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a remote sensing monitoring method and system based on water environment, which can monitor a wide range of water bodies from the air or satellite platform through remote sensing technology, is not restricted by geography and time, can obtain large-scale water quality and water environment data in a short time, and can reflect the dynamic changes of water bodies in real time through frequent image acquisition. By regularly obtaining remote sensing data, it is possible to continuously monitor water quality, pollution, and ecological conditions, timely detect changes in the water environment, such as pollutant diffusion, eutrophication process, algal blooms, etc., and quickly take countermeasures.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, the following technical solutions are provided:

[0007] A remote sensing monitoring method based on water environment, which includes the following steps:

[0008] S1. Remote sensing data acquisition;

[0009] S1.1 Select a suitable remote sensing platform;

[0010] S1.2 Select a suitable sensor and band;

[0011] S1.3 Acquire remote sensing data;

[0012] S2. Remote sensing data preprocessing;

[0013] S2.1 Radiometric correction;

[0014] S2.2 Atmospheric correction;

[0015] S2.3 Geometric correction;

[0016] S2.4 Data fusion;

[0017] S3. Water quality parameter inversion and analysis;

[0018] S3.1 Water body feature extraction;

[0019] S3.2 Water quality parameter inversion;

[0020] S3.3 Water quality index calculation;

[0021] S3.4 Dynamic monitoring and trend analysis;

[0022] S4. Result visualization and display;

[0023] S5. Data analysis and decision support;

[0024] S6. Monitoring result reporting and release.

[0025] As a preferred solution of a remote sensing monitoring method based on water environment according to the present invention, wherein: in the step S1, it includes:

[0026] S1.1 Select a suitable remote sensing platform;

[0027] Satellite remote sensing: such as Landsat, Sentinel, suitable for large-scale water body monitoring, providing regular global coverage data;

[0028] UAV remote sensing: suitable for high-resolution monitoring of local areas, and can obtain higher-precision data;

[0029] Shipborne remote sensing: for water bodies in specific areas, especially inland waters that are difficult to monitor by satellites or UAVs;

[0030] S1.2 Select a suitable sensor and band;

[0031] Multispectral sensor: used to monitor water quality parameters, such as suspended solids, chlorophyll;

[0032] Hyperspectral sensor: provides more detailed spectral information to help identify specific pollutants or algae in water bodies;

[0033] Thermal infrared sensor: used to monitor water body temperature and judge the impact of water temperature changes on the water ecological environment;

[0034] S1.3 Obtain remote sensing data;

[0035] Select an appropriate time period to obtain remote sensing data to ensure the timeliness and coverage of the data;

[0036] For multi-temporal data, select images from different periods to facilitate the monitoring of seasonal changes in water bodies.

[0037] As a preferred solution of a remote sensing monitoring method based on water environment according to the present invention, wherein: in the step S2, it includes:

[0038] S2.1 Radiometric correction;

[0039] Perform radiometric correction on the remote sensing image to eliminate the influence of the sensor or the atmosphere and ensure the measurement accuracy;

[0040] S2.2 Atmospheric correction;

[0041] Use an atmospheric correction method, such as the 6S model, to remove the influence of atmospheric scattering and absorption on the remote sensing image and obtain the surface reflectance;

[0042] S2.3 Geometric correction;

[0043] Ensure that the image is consistent with the ground coordinate system and perform geometric correction to avoid position errors caused by image offset;

[0044] S2.4 Data fusion;

[0045] Fuse the data from different sensors. For example, the combination of multi-spectral and hyperspectral data can improve the monitoring accuracy and analysis depth.

[0046] As a preferred solution of a remote sensing monitoring method based on water environment according to the present invention, wherein: in the S3 step, it includes:

[0047] S3.1 Water body feature extraction;

[0048] Extract the water body area through the spectral information in the remote sensing data and remove the cloud and building non-water parts in the image;

[0049] S3.2 Water quality parameter inversion;

[0050] Suspended sediment inversion: Estimate the suspended sediment concentration in the water body through the reflectance in the visible and near-infrared bands;

[0051] Chlorophyll concentration inversion: Based on the spectral characteristics of the water body, use specific band combinations, such as blue, green, and red bands, to invert the chlorophyll a concentration and further judge the eutrophication degree of the water body;

[0052] Temperature monitoring: Retrieving the surface temperature of water bodies through the infrared band and analyzing the impact of water temperature on aquatic organisms and water ecosystem;

[0053] Pollutant retrieval: For oil spills or chemical pollutants, detecting and retrieving them by combining the spectral characteristics of oil spills in different bands with hyperspectral data;

[0054] S3.3 Water quality index calculation;

[0055] Using the retrieved water quality parameters and combining with water quality indices such as the comprehensive water quality index or the water body eutrophication index for evaluation and analyzing the water body pollution level;

[0056] S3.4 Dynamic monitoring and trend analysis;

[0057] Comparatively analyzing the remotely sensed data obtained at different times, monitoring the changing trends of water body quality and area, and evaluating the dynamic changes of pollutant diffusion and eutrophication development.

[0058] As a preferred solution of a remotely sensed monitoring method based on water environment according to the present invention, wherein: in the step S4, it includes the following:

[0059] S4.1 Geographic information system integration;

[0060] Combining the processed remotely sensed data with a geographic information system (GIS) to provide spatial analysis and visual display. Displaying the distribution of water quality parameters through maps to help decision-makers clearly understand the conditions of water bodies in different regions;

[0061] S4.2 Visualization product generation;

[0062] Generating intuitive display methods such as water quality maps and heat maps to show the distribution of water body pollution, temperature, and suspended solids;

[0063] Showing the changes of water bodies through time-series animations, such as the changes in water body area and pollutant diffusion, for convenient dynamic monitoring.

[0064] As a preferred solution of a remotely sensed monitoring method based on water environment according to the present invention, wherein: in the step S5, it includes:

[0065] S5.1 Water quality assessment;

[0066] According to the remotely sensed monitoring results, assessing the water quality of water bodies, judging whether there are problems such as water body pollution and eutrophication, and identifying pollution sources;

[0067] S5.2 Decision support;

[0068] Providing water quality change prediction, pollution source identification, and treatment plans to assist water resource management departments in making timely decisions, such as water body treatment and ecological restoration;

[0069] S5.3 Early warning and feedback mechanism;

[0070] Based on the monitoring results, establish an early warning mechanism for water quality changes, timely detect problems such as water body pollution and ecological risks, and give feedback so that relevant departments can take measures.

[0071] As a preferred solution of a remote sensing monitoring method based on water environment described in the present invention, wherein: in the step S6, it includes:

[0072] S6.1 Compile a remote sensing monitoring report on water environment, such as monitoring results, analysis process, data processing methods and proposed management suggestions;

[0073] S6.2 Publish the monitoring results through a visualization platform or website.

[0074] A remote sensing monitoring system based on water environment, which includes:

[0075] A remote sensing data acquisition module, used to obtain raw data on the water environment. This module obtains multi-dimensional information through different remote sensing platforms and sensors;

[0076] A data processing module, used to perform preliminary processing and analysis on the data obtained by remote sensing to ensure data quality and provide a basis for subsequent analysis;

[0077] A water quality and water environment analysis module, used to perform in-depth analysis on water environment data and extract water quality and water ecological parameters;

[0078] A result visualization and display module, used to present the water quality and water environment analysis results in an intuitive way for easy understanding and decision-making by users;

[0079] A decision support and early warning module, used to provide the analysis results to relevant departments to help formulate water resource management and protection decisions, prevent the spread of water pollution and promote water environment protection;

[0080] A data storage and management module, used to be responsible for the storage, backup and management of all monitoring data and processing results in the system.

[0081] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0082] 1. Wide coverage and high efficiency. Remote sensing technology can monitor a wide range of water bodies from the air or satellite platforms, without geographical and time restrictions. Compared with traditional on-site sampling and monitoring, remote sensing monitoring can obtain water quality and water environment data over a large area in a short time, especially in waters that are difficult to access or have a large area, such as large lakes, rivers, oceans, etc.

[0083] 2. Real-time and dynamic monitoring: Remote sensing technology can reflect the dynamic changes of water bodies in real time through frequent image acquisition. By regularly obtaining remote sensing data, it can continuously monitor water quality, pollution, and ecological conditions, promptly detect changes in the water environment, such as pollutant diffusion, eutrophication process, and algal blooms, and quickly take corresponding measures;

[0084] 3. High spatial resolution and accuracy: Modern remote sensing technology can provide images with high spatial resolution, making the monitoring results more refined. By using data from multiple bands such as hyperspectral, visible light, and infrared, remote sensing technology can deeply analyze water quality parameters, such as suspended solids, chlorophyll, pollutants, temperature, etc., and improve the accuracy of water quality monitoring;

[0085] 4. Multi-temporal data comparison and trend analysis: Remote sensing technology supports the acquisition of multi-temporal data and can monitor the change trends of the same water area at different times. By comparing data at different time points, it is possible to identify the trends of water quality changes, discover potential pollution sources or ecological problems, which is crucial for long-term water quality monitoring and early warning, and can effectively guide water resource management and pollution control. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0086] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and detailed embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings. Among them:

[0087] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the steps of the remote sensing monitoring method of the present invention;

[0088] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the distribution steps of step S1 of the present invention;

[0089] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the distribution steps of step S2 of the present invention;

[0090] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the distribution steps of step S3 of the present invention;

[0091] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the distribution steps of step S4 of the present invention;

[0092] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the distribution steps of step S5 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0093] In order to make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present invention will be made in conjunction with the drawings.

[0094] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0095] Secondly, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the schematic diagrams. When describing the embodiments of the present invention in detail, for the convenience of explanation, the cross-sectional views showing the device structure will be enlarged locally out of the general scale, and the schematic diagrams are only examples and should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention herein. In addition, in actual production, three-dimensional spatial dimensions including length, width, and depth should be included.

[0096] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0097] The present invention provides a remote sensing monitoring method based on the water environment. Please refer to Figure 1-6 , and it includes the following operating steps:

[0098] It includes the following operating steps:

[0099] S1. Remote sensing data acquisition;

[0100] S1.1 Select a suitable remote sensing platform;

[0101] S1.2 Select a suitable sensor and band;

[0102] S1.3 Acquire remote sensing data;

[0103] S2. Remote sensing data preprocessing;

[0104] S2.1 Radiometric correction;

[0105] S2.2 Atmospheric correction;

[0106] S2.3 Geometric correction;

[0107] S2.4 Data fusion;

[0108] S3. Water quality parameter inversion and analysis;

[0109] S3.1 Water body feature extraction;

[0110] S3.2 Water quality parameter inversion;

[0111] S3.3 Water quality index calculation;

[0112] S3.4 Dynamic monitoring and trend analysis;

[0113] S4, Result Visualization and Display;

[0114] S5, Data Analysis and Decision Support;

[0115] S6, Monitoring Result Reporting and Release;

[0116] In step S1, it includes:

[0117] S1.1 Select a suitable remote sensing platform;

[0118] Satellite remote sensing: Such as Landsat, Sentinel, suitable for large - scale water body monitoring, providing regular global coverage data;

[0119] UAV remote sensing: Suitable for high - resolution monitoring of local areas, and can obtain higher - precision data;

[0120] Ship - borne remote sensing: Aimed at water bodies in specific areas, especially inland waters that are difficult to monitor by satellites or UAVs;

[0121] S1.2 Select a suitable sensor and band;

[0122] Multispectral sensor: Used to monitor water quality parameters, such as suspended solids, chlorophyll;

[0123] Hyperspectral sensor: Provides more detailed spectral information to help identify specific pollutants or algae in water bodies;

[0124] Thermal infrared sensor: Used to monitor water temperature and judge the impact of water temperature changes on the water ecological environment;

[0125] S1.3 Obtain remote sensing data;

[0126] Select a suitable time period to obtain remote sensing data to ensure the timeliness and coverage of the data;

[0127] For multi - temporal data, select images from different periods to facilitate the monitoring of seasonal changes in water bodies;

[0128] In step S2, it includes:

[0129] S2.1 Radiometric correction;

[0130] Perform radiometric correction on the remote sensing image to eliminate the influence of the sensor or the atmosphere and ensure the measurement accuracy;

[0131] S2.2 Atmospheric correction;

[0132] Use an atmospheric correction method, such as the 6S model, to remove the influence of atmospheric scattering and absorption on the remote sensing image and obtain the surface reflectance;

[0133] S2.3 Geometric correction;

[0134] Ensure that the image is consistent with the ground coordinate system, perform geometric correction, and avoid position errors caused by image offset;

[0135] S2.4 Data fusion;

[0136] Fuse data from different sensors. For example, the combination of multispectral and hyperspectral data can improve the accuracy of monitoring and the depth of analysis;

[0137] In step S3, it includes:

[0138] S3.1 Water body feature extraction;

[0139] Extract the water body area through the spectral information in the remote sensing data, and remove the cloud and non-water body parts of buildings in the image;

[0140] S3.2 Water quality parameter inversion;

[0141] Suspended sediment inversion: Estimate the concentration of suspended sediment in the water body through the reflectance in the visible and near-infrared bands;

[0142] Chlorophyll concentration inversion: Based on the spectral characteristics of the water body, use specific band combinations, such as blue, green, and red light bands, to invert the chlorophyll a concentration, and then judge the eutrophication degree of the water body;

[0143] Temperature monitoring: Invert the surface temperature of the water body through the infrared band, and analyze the impact of water temperature on aquatic organisms and the water body ecosystem;

[0144] Pollutant inversion: For oil spills or chemical pollutants, detect and invert them through the spectral characteristics of oil spills in different bands and combine with hyperspectral data;

[0145] S3.3 Water quality index calculation;

[0146] Use the inverted water quality parameters and combine with water quality indices, such as the comprehensive water quality index or the water body eutrophication index, for evaluation and analyze the water body pollution level;

[0147] S3.4 Dynamic monitoring and trend analysis;

[0148] Conduct comparative analysis on remote sensing data obtained at different times, monitor the changing trends of water quality and area of the water body, and evaluate the dynamic changes of pollutant diffusion and eutrophication development.

[0149] In step S4, it includes the following:

[0150] S4.1 Geographic information system integration;

[0151] Integrate the processed remote sensing data with Geographic Information System (GIS) to provide spatial analysis and visual display. Display the distribution of water quality parameters through maps to help decision-makers clearly understand the water conditions in different regions;

[0152] S4.2 Visualization product generation;

[0153] Generate intuitive display methods such as water quality maps and heat maps to show the distribution of water pollution, temperature, and suspended solids;

[0154] Show the changes of water bodies through time-series animations, such as the changes in water body area and the diffusion of pollutants, for dynamic monitoring;

[0155] In step S5, it includes:

[0156] S5.1 Water quality assessment;

[0157] Based on the remote sensing monitoring results, assess the water quality of the water body, judge whether there are problems such as water pollution and eutrophication in the water body, and identify the pollution sources;

[0158] S5.2 Decision support;

[0159] Provide water quality change prediction, pollution source identification, and treatment plans to assist water resource management departments in making timely decisions, such as water body treatment and ecological restoration;

[0160] S5.3 Early warning and feedback mechanism;

[0161] Based on the monitoring results, establish an early warning mechanism for water quality changes, timely detect problems such as water pollution and ecological risks, and give feedback so that relevant departments can take measures;

[0162] In step S6, it includes:

[0163] S6.1 Compile a remote sensing monitoring report on the water environment, such as monitoring results, analysis process, data processing methods, and proposed management suggestions;

[0164] S6.2 Publish the monitoring results through a visualization platform or website.

[0165] A remote sensing monitoring system based on the water environment, characterized by including:

[0166] A remote sensing data acquisition module for obtaining the original data on the water environment. This module obtains multi-dimensional information through different remote sensing platforms and sensors;

[0167] A data processing module for performing preliminary processing and analysis on the data obtained by remote sensing to ensure data quality and provide a basis for subsequent analysis;

[0168] The water quality and water environment analysis module is used to perform in-depth analysis on water environment data and extract water quality and water ecological parameters;

[0169] The result visualization and display module is used to present the water quality and water environment analysis results in an intuitive way for easy understanding and decision-making by users;

[0170] The decision-making support and early warning module is used to provide the analysis results to relevant departments to assist in formulating water resource management and protection decisions, prevent the spread of water pollution and promote water environment protection;

[0171] The data storage and management module is used to be responsible for the storage, backup and management of all monitoring data and processing results in the system.

[0172] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to the embodiments, various improvements can be made thereto and components therein can be replaced with effective substances without departing from the scope of the present invention. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various features in the disclosed embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other in any way, and the cases of these combinations are not exhaustively described in this specification only for the consideration of saving space and resources. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed in the text, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A remote sensing monitoring method based on water environment, characterized in that It includes the following operation steps: S1. Remote sensing data acquisition; S1.1 Select a suitable remote sensing platform; S1.2 Select a suitable sensor and band; S1.3 Acquire remote sensing data; S2. Remote sensing data preprocessing; S2.1 Radiometric correction; S2.2 Atmospheric correction; S2.3 Geometric correction; S2.4 Data fusion; S3. Water quality parameter inversion and analysis; S3.1 Water body feature extraction; S3.2 Water quality parameter inversion; S3.3 Water quality index calculation; S3.4 Dynamic monitoring and trend analysis; S4. Result visualization and display; S5. Data analysis and decision support; S6. Monitoring result reporting and release.

2. The remote sensing monitoring method based on water environment according to claim 1, wherein In step S1, it includes: S1.1 Select a suitable remote sensing platform; Satellite remote sensing: such as Landsat, Sentinel, suitable for large-scale water body monitoring, providing regular global coverage data; UAV remote sensing: suitable for high-resolution monitoring of local areas and can obtain higher-precision data; Shipborne remote sensing: for water bodies in specific areas, especially inland waters that are difficult to monitor by satellite or UAV; S1.2 Select a suitable sensor and band; Multispectral sensor: used to monitor water quality parameters, such as suspended solids, chlorophyll; Hyperspectral sensor: provides more detailed spectral information to help identify specific pollutants or algae in water bodies; Thermal infrared sensor: used to monitor water body temperature and judge the impact of water temperature changes on the aquatic ecosystem; S1.3 Acquire remote sensing data; Select a suitable time period to acquire remote sensing data to ensure the timeliness and coverage of the data; For multi-temporal data, select images from different periods to facilitate the monitoring of seasonal changes in water bodies.

3. The remote sensing monitoring method based on water environment according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S2, it includes: S2.1 Radiometric correction; Perform radiometric correction on the remote sensing image to eliminate the influence of the sensor or the atmosphere and ensure the measurement accuracy; S2.2 Atmospheric correction; Use an atmospheric correction method, such as the 6S model, to remove the influence of atmospheric scattering and absorption on the remote sensing image and obtain the surface reflectance; S2.3 Geometric correction; Ensure that the image is consistent with the ground coordinate system and perform geometric correction to avoid position errors caused by image offset; S2.4 Data fusion; Fuse the data of different sensors. For example, the combination of multispectral and hyperspectral data can improve the monitoring accuracy and analysis depth.

4. The remote sensing monitoring method based on water environment according to claim 3, wherein In step S3, it includes: S3.1 Water body feature extraction; Extract the water body area through the spectral information in the remote sensing data and remove the non-water body parts such as clouds and buildings in the image; S3.2 Water quality parameter inversion; Suspended solids inversion: Estimate the concentration of suspended solids in the water body through the reflectance in the visible and near-infrared bands; Chlorophyll concentration inversion: Based on the spectral characteristics of the water body, use specific band combinations, such as blue, green, and red light bands, to invert the chlorophyll a concentration and then judge the eutrophication degree of the water body; Temperature monitoring: Invert the surface temperature of the water body through the infrared band and analyze the impact of water temperature on aquatic organisms and the water ecosystem; Pollutant inversion: For oil spills or chemical pollutants, detect and invert them through the spectral characteristics of oil spills in different bands and combine hyperspectral data; S3.3 Water quality index calculation; Using the water quality parameters obtained by inversion and combining with water quality indices, such as the comprehensive water quality index or the water body eutrophication index, to conduct an assessment and analyze the water body pollution level; S3.4 Dynamic monitoring and trend analysis; Conduct a comparative analysis of remote sensing data obtained at different times, monitor the change trends of water body quality and area, and evaluate the dynamic changes of pollutant diffusion and eutrophication development.

5. A remote sensing monitoring method based on water environment according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the step S4, the following are included: S4.1 Geographic information system integration; Combine the processed remote sensing data with the geographic information system (GIS) to provide spatial analysis and visual display. Display the distribution of water quality parameters through a map to help decision-makers clearly understand the conditions of water bodies in different regions; S4.2 Visualization product generation; Generate intuitive display methods such as water quality maps and heat maps to show the distribution of water body pollution, temperature, and suspended solids; Display the water body changes through a time-series animation, such as the change in water body area and pollutant diffusion, for easy dynamic monitoring.

6. The remote sensing monitoring method based on water environment according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the step S5, the following are included: S5.1 Water quality assessment; According to the remote sensing monitoring results, assess the water quality of the water body, judge whether there are problems such as water body pollution and eutrophication, and identify the pollution sources; S5.2 Decision support; Provide water quality change prediction, pollution source identification, and treatment plans to assist the water resources management department in making timely decisions, such as water body treatment and ecological restoration; S5.3 Early warning and feedback mechanism; Based on the monitoring results, establish an early warning mechanism for water quality changes, timely detect problems such as water body pollution and ecological risks, and give feedback so that relevant departments can take measures.

7. A remote sensing monitoring method based on water environment according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the step S6, the following are included: Prepare a remote sensing monitoring report on the water environment, such as monitoring results, analysis process, data processing methods, and proposed management suggestions; Publish the monitoring results through a visualization platform or website.

8. A remote sensing monitoring system based on water environment, characterized in that Including: A remote sensing data acquisition module for obtaining the original data on the water body environment. This module obtains multi-dimensional information through different remote sensing platforms and sensors; A data processing module for performing preliminary processing and analysis on the data obtained by remote sensing to ensure data quality and provide a basis for subsequent analysis; A water quality and water environment analysis module for performing in-depth analysis on water environment data and extracting water quality and water ecological parameters; A result visualization and display module for presenting the water quality and water environment analysis results in an intuitive way for easy user understanding and decision-making; A decision support and early warning module for providing the analysis results to relevant departments to help formulate water resources management and protection decisions, prevent the spread of water pollution, and promote water environment protection; A data storage and management module for storing, backing up, and managing all monitoring data and processing results in the system.

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