Tailing pond electroosmosis drainage model test system

Abstract

The invention provides a tailing pond electroosmosis drainage model test system, and belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering. Comprising an electroosmosis test unit used for constructing a tailing pond model test space; the power supply unit is connected with the electroosmosis test unit through a wire and is used for providing a direct-current electric field required by electroosmosis; the data acquisition and processing unit is connected with the electroosmosis test unit through a wire and is used for acquiring data information in the test process; and the drainage unit is connected with the bottom of the electroosmosis test unit and is used for collecting and measuring the discharged water quantity. According to the invention, the development of the tailing pond physical model test can be realized, the accurate measurement of the internal pressure and the infiltration line of the tailing sample is realized, the change of data such as current, voltage and soil pressure in the test process is displayed in real time, a foundation is laid for the research of the electroosmosis drainage technology, and the application of the electroosmosis drainage technology is further promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and particularly to an electroosmotic drainage model test system for a tailings pond. Background Art

[0002] A tailings pond is a key facility for storing tailings and wastewater in the mining industrial production. Due to its large quantity and potential environmental risks, how to effectively control the stability of the tailings pond has become an important topic in the fields of mining engineering and environmental protection. The design and improvement of the tailings pond directly affect the long-term stability of the tailings pond, the consolidation effect of tailings sediments, etc.

[0003] In recent years, the electroosmotic drainage technology has received extensive attention as an efficient drainage method based on electric field driving. This technology applies a direct current electric field in the tailings pond and utilizes the electroosmotic effect to promote the movement of water along the direction of the electric field, thereby accelerating the consolidation and drainage of the tailings. However, the existing electroosmotic drainage model test systems for tailings ponds have the following problems:

[0004] (1) The existing test systems have incomplete detection indexes and insufficient accuracy. They can only measure basic parameters such as drainage volume, current, and voltage, lacking systematic monitoring of the dynamic changes of soil pressure inside the tailings, the precise position of the phreatic line, and the potential distribution.

[0005] (2) The existing test systems also have problems of uneven electric field action and poor controllability. The electroosmotic drainage effect is significantly affected by the electric field uniformity. However, most of the existing power supply systems output a fixed voltage and cannot adjust the current and voltage according to the test requirements, resulting in unstable electroosmotic efficiency; the electrode arrangement method is single and difficult to adapt to the electric field distribution requirements of different tailings pond models such as dry drainage and wet drainage, affecting the drainage rate and consolidation effect.

[0006] (3) The data acquisition of the existing test systems mostly relies on manual recording, which is time-consuming, laborious, and prone to errors. It cannot synchronize multi-dimensional data such as potential, pressure, and settlement in real time, and is difficult to reveal the coupling laws of various parameters during the electroosmotic process. In addition, the structure of the test box is fixed and cannot be flexibly adjusted to simulate different working conditions, thus limiting the applicability to other engineering scenarios.

[0007] Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study a controllable and efficient electroosmotic drainage model test system for a tailings pond. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an electroosmotic drainage model test system for a tailings pond, which can realize the development of physical model tests of the tailings pond, accurately measure the internal pressure and phreatic line of the tailings sample, and real-time display the changes of data such as current, voltage, and soil pressure during the test, laying a foundation for the research of electroosmotic drainage technology and further promoting the application of electroosmotic drainage technology.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0010] A electroosmotic drainage model test system for a tailings pond, comprising:

[0011] An electroosmotic water test unit for constructing a model test space for the tailings pond;

[0012] A power supply unit connected to the electroosmotic water test unit through a wire for providing a DC electric field required for electroosmosis;

[0013] A data acquisition and processing unit connected to the electroosmotic water test unit through a wire for acquiring data information during the test;

[0014] A drainage unit connected to the bottom of the electroosmotic water test unit for collecting and measuring the discharged water volume.

[0015] Preferably, the electroosmotic water test unit includes a test box made of tempered glass. The test box is divided into a tailings chamber and a water collection chamber by a vertically arranged tempered glass partition. A pore channel communicating the tailings chamber and the water collection chamber is provided at the bottom of the partition, and a drainage hole is provided at the bottom of the water collection chamber.

[0016] Preferably, a nylon mesh is pasted at the pore channel of the partition. The pore diameter of the nylon mesh is smaller than the average particle size of the tailings sand for blocking the tailings sand from flowing out of the water collection chamber along with the liquid.

[0017] Preferably, a cathode electrode is laid at the bottom of the tailings chamber, and anode electrodes are buried in layers in the tailings sand sample in the vertical direction in the tailings chamber. The anode electrode and the cathode electrode are respectively connected to the power supply unit through wires.

[0018] Preferably, the test box satisfies the dry discharge tailings pond model and the wet discharge tailings pond model. The anode electrodes of the dry discharge tailings pond model are laid in layers along with the tailings sample, and the tailings chamber of the wet discharge tailings pond model is filled with a liquid tailings sample.

[0019] Preferably, the data acquisition and processing unit includes electric potential measuring needles and a collector. The electric potential measuring needles are horizontally buried and arranged at equal intervals in the tailings sample in the tailings chamber, and the electric potential measuring needles are connected to the collector through wires. The electric potential measuring needles are used for measuring the electric potential distribution inside the tailings sample, and the collector is used for acquiring the measurement data of the electric potential measuring needles.

[0020] Preferably, the data acquisition and processing unit further includes earth pressure cells and a reader. The earth pressure cells are buried in the tailings sample in the tailings chamber, and the earth pressure cells are connected to the reader through wires. The earth pressure cells are used for measuring the change of the compressive stress inside the tailings sample, and the reader is used for collecting the measurement data of the earth pressure cells.

[0021] Preferably, the data acquisition and processing unit further includes a piezometer tube and a piezometer. The piezometer tube is vertically inserted into the tailings dam model in the tailings chamber. A drill hole is provided at the bottom of the piezometer tube and wrapped with gauze. The piezometer is arranged inside the piezometer tube. The piezometer is connected to an external data processing device through a wire. The piezometer is used to detect the pore water pressure inside the tailings dam model to measure the change of the phreatic line.

[0022] The data acquisition and processing unit further includes a dial gauge. An iron sheet is placed at the top of the dam of the test box. The dial gauge is fixed to the wall of the test box, and the measuring needle of the dial gauge abuts against the iron sheet. The dial gauge is used to measure the settlement of the tailings dam model.

[0023] Preferably, the power supply unit is a regulated DC voltage and current stabilized power supply. The regulated DC voltage and current stabilized power supply is connected to the anode electrode and the cathode electrode of the electroosmotic drainage test unit through wires, and is used to adjust the output voltage and current to control the electroosmotic process.

[0024] Preferably, the drainage unit includes a measuring cylinder and a weighing device. The measuring cylinder is placed directly below the drainage hole at the bottom of the water collection chamber of the electroosmotic drainage test unit. The measuring cylinder is placed on the weighing device. The weighing device is used to measure the water output in the measuring cylinder in real time and record data.

[0025] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the following technical effects of the present invention are disclosed:

[0026] (1) By arranging electric potential measuring needles, earth pressure gauges and piezometers in the tailings chamber, the present invention can obtain data such as the electric potential distribution, compressive stress change and pore water pressure inside the tailings sample in real time and accurately. At the same time, the electric potential measuring needles can measure the electric potential distribution to help understand the electric field action. The earth pressure gauges can reflect the change of the compressive stress inside the tailings and provide a basis for evaluating the consolidation degree of the tailings; the piezometers can detect the pore water pressure and are used to measure the change of the phreatic line. Combining with the measurement of the settlement of the tailings dam model by the dial gauge, multi-parameter monitoring during the electroosmotic drainage process of the tailings pond is realized.

[0027] (2) The test box provided by the present invention can meet the layout requirements of dry-discharge and wet-discharge tailings pond models. For the dry-discharge tailings pond model, the anode electrodes can be laid layer by layer with the tailings sample, so that the electric field acts uniformly on the tailings and promotes drainage consolidation; for the wet-discharge tailings pond model, the tailings chamber can be filled with liquid tailings samples, and effective electroosmotic drainage tests can also be realized. At the same time, the power supply unit adopts a regulated DC voltage and current stabilized power supply, which can adjust the output voltage and current according to different test requirements, and then control the electroosmotic process so that the test can simulate various actual working conditions, greatly improving the test efficiency and reducing the test cost.

[0028] (3) The drainage unit provided by the present invention can accurately measure and record the amount of water discharged in real time through a measuring cylinder and a weighing device, providing direct data for studying the effect of electroosmosis drainage. At the same time, the collected data can be transmitted via wires in the data acquisition and processing unit, realizing automated data acquisition and processing. In addition, the nylon mesh attached to the baffle hole can effectively prevent the tailings sand from flowing out of the water collection chamber with the liquid, preventing the drainage holes from being blocked, ensuring a smooth drainage process, and thus providing a guarantee for the engineering application of electroosmosis drainage technology in tailings ponds. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a tailings pond electroosmosis drainage model test system provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a test box filled with a dry tailings pond model provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a test box filled with a wet-drainage tailings pond model provided in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0033] Description of reference numerals:

[0034] 1. Test chamber; 2. Power supply unit; 3. Collector; 4. Drainage unit; 41. Graduated cylinder; 42. Weighing device; 5. Readout instrument; 6. Wire; 7. Drain hole; 8. Channel; 9. Piezometer; 10. Soil pressure gauge; 11. Potential measuring needle; 12. Dial indicator; 13. Anode electrode; 14. Cathode electrode; 15. Partition; 16. Dry tailings pond model; 17. Wet tailings pond model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] As Figure 1 shown, the present invention provides an electroosmotic drainage model test system for a tailings pond, comprising:

[0039] An electroosmotic water test unit for constructing a model test space for the tailings pond;

[0040] A power supply unit 2, connected to the electroosmotic water test unit through a wire 6, for providing a DC electric field required for electroosmosis;

[0041] A data acquisition and processing unit, connected to the electroosmotic water test unit through a wire 6, for acquiring data information during the test;

[0042] A drainage unit 4, connected to the bottom of the electroosmotic water test unit, for collecting and measuring the discharged water volume.

[0043] According to the above, the electroosmotic water test unit includes a test box 1 made of tempered glass. The test box 1 is divided into a tailings chamber and a water collection chamber by a vertically arranged tempered glass partition 15. Referring to Figure 2 , the left side of the partition 15 is the tailings chamber, the right side is the water collection chamber, and there is a pore channel 8 with a length of 1 - 2 cm connecting the tailings chamber and the water collection chamber at the bottom of the partition 15. A drainage hole 7 with a diameter of 1 - 2 cm is reserved at the bottom of the water collection chamber. It should be noted that the size of the test box 1 is 120 cm × 20 cm × 30 cm, and the wall thickness is 8 - 10 cm; the size of the water collection chamber is 10 cm × 20 cm × 30 cm, and the wall thickness is 8 - 10 cm. In addition, a nylon mesh is pasted at the pore channel 8 of the partition 15. The pore diameter of the nylon mesh is smaller than the average particle size of the tailings sand, for blocking the tailings sand from flowing out of the water collection chamber along with the liquid.

[0044] As Figure 2 shown, a cathode electrode 14 is laid at the bottom of the tailings chamber. An anode electrode 13 is buried in layers in the tailings sand sample along the vertical direction in the tailings chamber. The anode electrode 13 and the cathode electrode 14 are respectively connected to the power supply unit 2 through a wire 6. The anode electrode 13 of the dry - discharged tailings pond model 16 is laid in layers along with the tailings sample. According to the above, the specific laying process is as follows: Cover a layer of cathode electrode 14 at the bottom of the test box 1, then lay the configured tailings sample with a water content above the cathode electrode 14, vibrate and compact it; then when the tailings sample accumulates to 10 cm, lay a layer of anode electrode 13 above it, and continue to lay the tailings sample. It should be noted that the expected size of the dry - discharged tailings pond model 16 is a bottom side of 96 cm, a height of 22 cm, a width of 20 cm, and a top side of 30 cm.

[0045] The data acquisition and processing unit includes a potential measuring probe 11 and a collector 3. The potential measuring probe 11 is horizontally buried in the tailings sample in the tailings chamber at equal intervals, and the potential measuring probe 11 is connected to the collector 3 through a wire 6. The potential measuring probe 11 is used to measure the potential distribution inside the tailings sample, and the collector 3 is used to collect the measurement data of the potential measuring probe 11.

[0046] In addition, it further includes an earth pressure cell 10 and a reader 5. The earth pressure cell 10 is buried in the tailings sample in the tailings chamber, and the earth pressure cell 10 is connected to the reader 5 through a wire 6. The earth pressure cell 10 is used to measure the change of compressive stress inside the tailings sample, and the reader 5 is used to collect the measurement data of the earth pressure cell 10. Finally, it further includes a piezometer tube 9 and a piezometer. The piezometer tube 9 is vertically inserted into the tailings dam model in the tailings chamber. There is a drill hole at the bottom of the piezometer tube 9 and it is wrapped with gauze. The piezometer is arranged inside the piezometer tube 9. The piezometer is connected to an external data processing device through a wire 6. The piezometer is used to detect the pore water pressure inside the tailings dam model to measure the change of the phreatic line; in this embodiment, referring to Figure 2 , the model of the earth pressure cell 10 is selected as JTM-V2000 vibrating wire type and is connected to the reader 5 through a wire 6; a total of 7 earth pressure cells 10 are placed in this embodiment and are arranged in a cross shape. An earth pressure cell 10 is vertically placed from bottom to top at a distance of 30 cm from the left test box 1 plate inside the tailings sample, with a spacing of 5 cm; in the horizontal direction of the third earth pressure cell 10 arranged from bottom to top, an earth pressure cell 10 is arranged 10 cm to its left, and two earth pressure cells are arranged to its right, each with a spacing of 10 cm. After the arrangement of the earth pressure cells 10 is completed, the earth pressure cells 10 are connected to the reader 5 with a wire 6. In this embodiment, 4 piezometer tubes 9 are selected and vertically fixed to the inner wall of the test box 1. Each piezometer tube 9 is placed in parallel with a spacing of 20 cm. At the same time, the piezometer tube 9 is marked with scales at one end.

[0047] The data acquisition and processing unit further includes a dial gauge 12. An iron sheet is placed at the top of the dam of the test box 1. The dial gauge 12 is fixed to the wall of the test box 1, and the probe of the dial gauge 12 abuts against the iron sheet. The dial gauge 12 is used to measure the settlement of the tailings dam model.

[0048] In this embodiment, the power supply unit 2 is a regulated DC voltage and current stabilized power supply. The regulated DC voltage and current stabilized power supply is connected to the anode electrode 13 and the cathode electrode 14 of the electroosmosis test unit through a wire 6, and is used to adjust the output voltage and current to control the electroosmosis process. Referring to Figure 1 , the drainage unit 4 includes a measuring cylinder 41 and a weighing device 42. The measuring cylinder 41 is placed directly below the drain hole 7 at the bottom of the water collection chamber of the electroosmosis test unit. The measuring cylinder 41 is placed on the weighing device 42. The weighing device 42 is used to measure the water output in the measuring cylinder 41 in real time and record the data.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] As Figure 3 shown, the present invention also provides an electroosmotic drainage model test system for a tailings pond. Different from Embodiment 1, the dry discharge tailings pond model 16 in Embodiment 1 is replaced with a wet discharge tailings pond model 17. The test box 1 is filled with a liquid tailings sample, and the other structural settings are the same as those in Embodiment 1, and will not be elaborated here too much.

[0051] Based on the provided Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, the structural difference between the two lies only in the dry discharge tailings pond model 16 and the wet discharge tailings pond model 17 in the test box 1, and the working principles are the same. Specifically:

[0052] First, the tailings samples collected on site are dried and adjusted to the moisture content required for the test. After laying the cathode electrode 14 at the bottom of the test box 1, the tailings samples are laid in layers or liquid tailings are injected according to the dry discharge or wet discharge conditions. At the same time, the anode electrode 13, earth pressure gauge 10, potential measuring needle 11 and other structures are buried during the stacking process. The dial gauge 12 is fixed on the dam top and the wires 6 of each device are connected to the power supply unit 2 and the data acquisition and processing unit to form a sealed test space including a tailings chamber and a water collection chamber; after energization, the adjustable DC power supply constructs a DC electric field in the tailings chamber, and the electroosmotic effect is used to drive the water to migrate through the pores 8 of the partition 15 to the water collection chamber under the action of the electric field force. The nylon mesh blocks the tailings sand to prevent blockage, and the drainage unit 4 measures the discharged water volume in real time. During this period, the potential measuring needle 11, earth pressure gauge 10, piezometer and dial gauge 12 synchronously collect data such as potential distribution, compressive stress change, position of the phreatic line and dam settlement, forming a closed loop of "electric field drive - water migration - multi-parameter monitoring"; after the test, the drainage rate and electroosmotic coefficient are calculated through the discharged water volume, and combined with the changes in earth pressure, potential and phreatic line, the coupling laws of electric field, seepage flow, stress and deformation during the electroosmotic process are analyzed. And in the dry discharge condition, the electroosmotic consolidation requirements of the compacted tailings are adapted through the layered electrodes, and in the wet discharge condition, the directional separation of water in the liquid tailings is adapted through the one-time electrode arrangement, so as to realize the quantitative simulation and research on the electroosmotic drainage effect of different tailings pond conditions.

[0053] Therefore, by adopting the above-mentioned electroosmotic drainage model test system for a tailings pond, the physical model test of the tailings pond can be carried out, the accurate measurement of the internal pressure and phreatic line of the tailings sample can be realized, and the changes of current voltage, earth pressure and other data during the test process can be displayed in real time, laying a foundation for the research of electroosmotic drainage technology, and further promoting the application of electroosmotic drainage technology.

[0054] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner. The key point of each embodiment is the difference from other embodiments. The same or similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the system disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the description of the method part.

[0055] In this article, specific examples are used to elaborate on the principles and implementation modes of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present invention. At the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation modes and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation on the present invention.

Claims

1. A tailings pond electroosmosis drainage model test system, characterized in that: include: Electroosmosis water test unit, used to construct tailings pond model test space; A power supply unit, connected to the electroosmosis water test unit via a wire, for providing a DC electric field required for electroosmosis; A data acquisition and processing unit, connected to the electroosmosis test unit via a wire, for collecting data information during the test; The drainage unit is connected to the bottom of the electroosmosis water testing unit and is used to collect and measure the amount of discharged water.

2. A tailings pond electroosmosis drainage model test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electroosmosis test unit includes a test box made of tempered glass, which is divided into a tailings chamber and a water collection chamber by a vertically arranged tempered glass partition. A channel connecting the tailings chamber and the water collection chamber is provided at the bottom of the partition, and a drainage hole is provided at the bottom of the water collection chamber.

3. A tailings pond electroosmosis drainage model test system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A nylon mesh is pasted on the pores of the partition, and the mesh size of the nylon mesh is smaller than the average particle size of the tailings sand, so as to prevent the tailings sand from flowing out of the water collection chamber along with the liquid.

4. The tailings pond electroosmosis drainage model test system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A cathode electrode is laid on the bottom of the tailings chamber, and anode electrodes are buried in layers in the tailings sand sample along the vertical direction in the tailings chamber. The anode electrode and the cathode electrode are respectively connected to the power supply unit through wires.

5. The electroosmotic drainage model test system for a tailings pond according to claim 2, wherein, The test box meets the requirements of a dry-drainage tailings pond model and a wet-drainage tailings pond model. The anode electrodes of the dry-drainage tailings pond model are laid in layers along with the tailings samples, and the tailings chamber of the wet-drainage tailings pond model is filled with liquid tailings samples.

6. The electroosmotic drainage model test system for a tailings pond according to claim 1, wherein, The data acquisition and processing unit includes a potential measuring needle and a collector. The potential measuring needle is buried horizontally and arranged at equal intervals in the tailings sample in the tailings chamber, and the potential measuring needle is connected to the collector through a wire. The potential measuring needle is used to measure the potential distribution inside the tailings sample, and the collector is used to collect the measurement data of the potential measuring needle.

7. A tailings pond electroosmotic drainage model test system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The data acquisition and processing unit also includes a soil pressure gauge and a reader. The soil pressure gauge is buried in the tailings sample in the tailings chamber, and the soil pressure gauge is connected to the reader through a wire. The soil pressure gauge is used to measure the compressive stress changes inside the tailings sample, and the reader is used to collect the measurement data of the soil pressure gauge.

8. The electroosmotic drainage model test system for a tailings pond according to claim 7, characterized in that The data acquisition and processing unit also includes a piezometer and a piezometer. The piezometer is vertically inserted into the tailings dam model of the tailings chamber. The bottom of the piezometer is provided with a drill hole and wrapped with gauze. The piezometer is arranged inside the piezometer and connected to an external data processing device via a wire. The piezometer is used to detect the pore water pressure inside the tailings dam model to determine the change of the infiltration line. The data acquisition and processing unit also includes a dial indicator. An iron sheet is placed on the dam top of the test box. The dial indicator is fixed to the wall of the test box, and the measuring needle of the dial indicator abuts against the iron sheet. The dial indicator is used to measure the settlement of the tailings dam model.

9. The electroosmotic drainage model test system for a tailings pond according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply unit is a regulated DC voltage-regulated and current-regulated power supply, which is connected to the anode electrode and cathode electrode of the electroosmosis test unit through wires, and is used to adjust the output voltage and current to control the electroosmosis process.

10. A tailings pond electroosmotic drainage model test system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drainage unit includes a measuring cylinder and a weighing device. The measuring cylinder is placed directly below the drainage hole at the bottom of the water collection chamber of the electroosmosis test unit. The measuring cylinder is placed on the weighing device. The weighing device is used to measure the water output in the measuring cylinder in real time and record the data.

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