Triggering method, quantum control subsystem, measurement and control system and quantum computer

Abstract

The invention provides a triggering method, a quantum control subsystem, a measurement and control system and a quantum computer, the method is applied to a target intermediate control module, and the method comprises the following steps: under the condition that a main control module in the quantum calculation measurement and control system indicates the target intermediate control module to trigger a first quantum calculation task; obtaining a trigger interval of one or more tasks being executed by the target intermediate control module, wherein the tasks used for being executed by the target intermediate control module comprise quantum computing tasks; and under the condition that the triggering interval of each task being executed by the target intermediate control module is not smaller than the corresponding specified triggering interval, triggering the first quantum computing task to realize staggered triggering of a plurality of quantum computing tasks including the first quantum computing task. According to the method, an interlaced triggering mechanism is introduced, interlaced triggering is carried out on a plurality of quantum computing tasks in a quantum parallel multi-thread scene, and the influence of quantum bit crosstalk is remarkably reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of quantum measurement and control technology, and particularly to a method for triggering quantum computing tasks, a target quantum control subsystem, a quantum computing measurement and control system, and a quantum computer. Background Art

[0002] Quantum computing has great potential in complex calculations. Quantum computers related to relevant technologies adopt a single-thread execution mechanism, resulting in low computing efficiency. When a multi-thread parallel execution mechanism is adopted, the problem of quantum bit crosstalk will be faced. For example, in a multi-thread parallel execution scenario, there may be crosstalk between quantum bits executing different quantum computing tasks, making it difficult to achieve precise control of quantum bits, thereby affecting the calculation results. To improve this problem, relevant technologies stagger the positions of quantum bits occupied by different quantum computing tasks on the quantum chip, increasing the physical distance to avoid crosstalk. The new problem brought about is that it will lead to a decrease in the utilization rate of bit resources on the quantum chip.

[0003] Based on this, this application provides a method for triggering quantum computing tasks, a quantum control subsystem, a quantum computing measurement and control system, and a quantum computer to improve relevant technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a method for triggering quantum computing tasks, a quantum control subsystem, a quantum computing measurement and control system, and a quantum computer, which reduces the influence of quantum bit crosstalk through an interleaved task triggering mechanism.

[0005] The purpose of this application is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for triggering quantum computing tasks, which is applied to a target intermediate control module in a target quantum control subsystem among multiple quantum control subsystems in a quantum computing measurement and control system. The method includes:

[0007] When the main control module in the quantum computing measurement and control system instructs the target intermediate control module to trigger a first quantum computing task, obtain the triggering intervals of one or more tasks that the target intermediate control module is currently executing. The tasks that the target intermediate control module is used to execute include quantum computing tasks;

[0008] When the triggering interval of each task that the target intermediate control module is currently executing is not less than the corresponding specified triggering interval, trigger the first quantum computing task to achieve interleaved triggering of multiple quantum computing tasks including the first quantum computing task.

[0009] In some embodiments, the tasks that the target intermediate control module is used to execute further include virtual tasks;

[0010] The method further includes:

[0011] When the master control module instructs the intermediate control modules in the quantum control subsystems other than the target quantum control subsystem to trigger a second quantum computing task and instructs the target intermediate control module to trigger a virtual task corresponding to the second quantum computing task, obtaining the trigger intervals of one or more tasks being executed by the target intermediate control module;

[0012] When the trigger interval of each task being executed by the target intermediate control module is not less than the corresponding specified trigger interval, triggering the virtual task corresponding to the second quantum computing task to enable the first quantum computing task to be synchronously executed on the intermediate control modules in multiple quantum control subsystems including the target quantum control subsystem.

[0013] In some embodiments, triggering the first quantum computing task includes: sending a trigger signal to one or more execution modules in the target quantum control subsystem to cause the one or more execution modules in the target quantum control subsystem to perform quantum computing corresponding to the first quantum computing task; or,

[0014] During the process of triggering the virtual task corresponding to the second quantum computing task, if no trigger signal is sent to one or more execution modules in the target quantum control subsystem, the execution modules in the target quantum control subsystem will not perform quantum computing corresponding to the second quantum computing task.

[0015] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0016] Storing, in a secure trigger interval table, the minimum time interval required between each task and other tasks as the specified trigger interval for the corresponding task.

[0017] In some embodiments, for each task, the trigger interval of the task is used to indicate the time interval of the current shot of the task starting from the initial trigger, where each shot corresponds to one or more triggers.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present application provides a target quantum control subsystem, which is applied to a quantum computing measurement and control system. The multiple quantum control subsystems in the quantum computing measurement and control system include the target quantum control subsystem. The target quantum control subsystem includes a target intermediate control module and multiple execution modules, and each execution module operates in a separate clock domain;

[0019] When the main control module in the quantum computing measurement and control system instructs the target intermediate control module to trigger a first quantum computing task, the target intermediate control module is used to obtain the trigger intervals of one or more tasks being executed, and the tasks that the target intermediate control module is used to execute include quantum computing tasks; when the trigger interval of each task being executed by the target intermediate control module is not less than the corresponding specified trigger interval, the target intermediate control module is further used to trigger the first quantum computing task to achieve interleaved triggering of multiple quantum computing tasks including the first quantum computing task;

[0020] For each execution module in the target quantum control subsystem, when the target intermediate control module instructs the execution module to trigger the first quantum computing task, the execution module is used to perform the quantum computing corresponding to the first quantum computing task.

[0021] In some embodiments, the tasks that the target intermediate control module is used to execute further include virtual tasks;

[0022] When the main control module instructs the intermediate control module in a quantum control subsystem other than the target quantum control subsystem to trigger a second quantum computing task and instructs the target intermediate control module to trigger a virtual task corresponding to the second quantum computing task, the target intermediate control module is further used to obtain the trigger intervals of one or more tasks being executed by the target intermediate control module;

[0023] When the trigger interval of each task being executed by the target intermediate control module is not less than the corresponding specified trigger interval, the target intermediate control module is further used to trigger the virtual task corresponding to the second quantum computing task to achieve synchronous execution of the first quantum computing task on the intermediate control modules in multiple quantum control subsystems including the target quantum control subsystem.

[0024] In some embodiments, the target intermediate control module includes a plurality of thread controllers and emitters, and each execution module includes a thread manager corresponding to each thread controller;

[0025] In the target intermediate control module, the thread controller is used to record the trigger intervals of the tasks being executed and share them with the emitter; when the main control module instructs the thread controller to trigger a first quantum computing task, submit a first trigger request to the emitter; and, when the main control module instructs the intermediate control module in a quantum control subsystem other than the target quantum control subsystem to trigger a second quantum computing task and instructs the thread controller to trigger a virtual task corresponding to the second quantum computing task, submit a second trigger request to the emitter;

[0026] In the target intermediate control module, the transmitter is configured to receive the first trigger request. When the trigger interval of each task being executed in the target intermediate control module is not less than the corresponding specified trigger interval, the transmitter sends a trigger signal to the thread manager corresponding to the thread controller in one or more execution modules, and notifies the thread controller to reset the trigger interval of the task being executed. In addition, when the transmitter receives the second trigger request and the trigger interval of each task being executed in the target intermediate control module is not less than the corresponding specified trigger interval, it notifies the thread controller to reset the trigger interval of the task being executed.

[0027] In each execution module, the thread manager is configured to receive the trigger signal and execute quantum computing for the corresponding first quantum computing task.

[0028] In a third aspect, the present application provides a quantum computing measurement and control system, which includes a main control module and multiple target quantum control subsystems as described in any one of the above items.

[0029] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a quantum computer, which includes a quantum chip and any one of the above quantum computing measurement and control systems, and a plurality of qubits are arranged on the quantum chip.

[0030] Considering that qubit crosstalk on a quantum chip in a multi-thread parallel execution scenario may lead to incorrect calculation results, the trigger method for quantum computing tasks, the target quantum control subsystem, the quantum computing measurement and control system, and the quantum computer provided by the present application introduce an interleaved trigger mechanism to interleavedly trigger multiple quantum computing tasks in a quantum parallel multi-thread scenario. For example, when the trigger interval of the quantum computing tasks being executed is greater than or equal to the corresponding specified trigger interval, a new quantum computing task is triggered, thereby significantly reducing the impact of qubit crosstalk. In addition, since the interleaved trigger mechanism is staggered from the control of qubits and does not require increasing the physical distance between the qubits occupied by different tasks, the requirements for the distribution position of the qubits on the quantum chip can be reduced, and the utilization efficiency of the qubit resources on the quantum chip can be improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings in the specification and the specific embodiments.

[0032] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a method for triggering a quantum computing task provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0033] Figure 2 is a timing diagram of a multi-thread parallel execution scenario for implementing an interleaved trigger mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Figure 3 It is a schematic flowchart of a process for triggering a virtual task provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0035] Figure 4 It is a structural block diagram of a target quantum control subsystem provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0036] Figure 5 It is a structural block diagram of a target intermediate control module provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0037] Figure 6 It is a timing diagram of a multi-threaded parallel execution scenario for implementing an interleaved triggering mechanism and a subsystem synchronization mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0038] Figure 7 It is a structural block diagram of a quantum computing measurement and control system provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0039] Figure 8 It is a structural block diagram of a computer device provided by an embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0040] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0041] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0042] Quantum computing has great potential in complex computing. The quantum computers of related technologies adopt a single-threaded execution mechanism, resulting in low computing efficiency. When a multi-threaded parallel execution mechanism is adopted, the problem of quantum bit crosstalk will be faced. For example, in a multi-threaded parallel execution scenario, there may be crosstalk between the quantum bits executing different quantum computing tasks, making it difficult to achieve precise control of the quantum bits and thus affecting the calculation results. To improve this problem, related technologies stagger the positions of the quantum bits occupied by different quantum computing tasks on the quantum chip, increasing the physical distance to avoid crosstalk. The new problem brought about is that the utilization rate of bit resources on the quantum chip will decrease.

[0043] A quantum computing task may need to be executed 1,000 to 10,000 times. When no other quantum computing tasks are executed within the total execution time period corresponding to a quantum computing task on a quantum chip, it is called single-threaded execution. When other quantum computing tasks are also executed within the total execution time period corresponding to a quantum computing task on a quantum chip, it is called multi-threaded parallel execution.

[0044] The present application provides a triggering method for quantum computing tasks, a quantum control subsystem, a quantum computing measurement and control system, and a quantum computer to improve related technologies.

[0045] It should be noted that although the present application takes a quantum chip as an example, the present application can be applied to other quantum computing devices, such as quantum computing simulation devices, etc. The present application does not limit this.

[0046] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 is a schematic flowchart of a triggering method for quantum computing tasks provided by an embodiment of the present application, Figure 2 is a timing diagram of a multi-threaded parallel execution scenario implementing an interleaved triggering mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0047] An embodiment of the present application provides a triggering method for quantum computing tasks, which is applied to a target intermediate control module in a target quantum control subsystem among multiple quantum control subsystems in a quantum computing measurement and control system. As Figure 1 shown, the method includes steps S101 to S102.

[0048] Step S101: When the main control module in the quantum computing measurement and control system instructs the target intermediate control module to trigger a first quantum computing task, obtain the triggering interval of one or more tasks being executed by the target intermediate control module. The tasks that the target intermediate control module is used to execute include quantum computing tasks.

[0049] Step S102: When the triggering interval of each task being executed by the target intermediate control module is not less than the corresponding specified triggering interval, trigger the first quantum computing task to implement interleaved triggering of multiple quantum computing tasks including the first quantum computing task. Wherein, each task corresponds to a specified triggering interval, and the specified triggering interval can be preset, for example. For example, it can be set according to the distance between each qubit on the quantum chip and other qubits and the own attributes of the qubit, or it can also be set according to experimental data. The own attributes of the qubit include, for example, the decoherence time, and the purpose of considering the distance between qubits is to reduce the influence of crosstalk.

[0050] In the embodiments of the present application, the quantum computing measurement and control system, for example, has a multi-thread parallel execution function. The multi-thread parallel execution is, for example, at the quantum control subsystem level, that is, the intermediate control module of the quantum-level control system can parallelly execute multiple quantum computing tasks. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the architecture mode of the quantum computing measurement and control system, and it can, for example, adopt a distributed architecture. Specifically, the quantum computing measurement and control system may include a main control module and one or more quantum control subsystems. Each quantum control subsystem may include an intermediate control module and multiple execution modules. Each execution module may include an output unit and a reading unit. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the number of quantum control subsystems in the quantum computing measurement and control system, and it can, for example, be 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 20, 50, 100, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the number of execution modules in the quantum control subsystem, and it can, for example, be 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 20, 50, 100, 1000, etc. Each output unit may correspond to one or more qubits, and each reading unit may correspond to one or more qubits. As an example, the qubit may be a superconducting qubit, an optical qubit, an ion trap qubit, a topological qubit, etc. The output unit, for example, corresponds to P qubits. The output unit may include P qubit control units, and the P qubit control units correspond one-to-one to the P qubits. Each qubit control unit is used to control the corresponding qubit to achieve qubit-level control, and P is a positive integer.

[0051] In the quantum computing measurement and control system, the main control module, each intermediate control module, and each execution module may be independently provided modules. The main control module and each intermediate control module, and the intermediate control module and each execution module are connected by one or more links. That is to say, these modules are physically separable modules. In some embodiments, the links between the main control module and each intermediate control module, and the links between the intermediate control module and the execution module may include one or more of a synchronization and trigger link, a feedback link, and a task communication link. The synchronization and trigger link may be used to transmit synchronization signals and trigger signals, the feedback link may be used to transmit feedback signals, and the task communication link may be used to transmit task information and result information.

[0052] The target quantum control subsystem is one of multiple quantum control subsystems, and the target intermediate control module is one of the intermediate control modules of multiple quantum control subsystems. The tasks that the intermediate control module is used to execute include quantum computing tasks, virtual tasks, etc. It should be noted that the number of tasks that the intermediate control module is currently executing can be 0, 1, or multiple. The tasks that the intermediate control module is currently executing may only be quantum computing tasks, may only be virtual tasks, may have both quantum computing tasks and virtual tasks, or may not be executing any tasks. This application does not limit this. In the embodiments of this application, if the intermediate control module has no tasks being executed (that is, the number of tasks that the intermediate control module is currently executing is 0), it is regarded that the intermediate control module meets the trigger interval condition, that is, it can be determined that the trigger intervals of the 0 tasks that the intermediate control module is currently executing are all not less than the corresponding specified trigger intervals. Among them, not less than means greater than or equal to.

[0053] In some embodiments, the process of the intermediate control module executing a quantum computing task may include: the intermediate control module triggers a quantum computing task to enable the quantum computing task to be executed on the execution module. The process of the quantum computing task being executed on the execution module, for example, may include: applying the output waveform and logic gate timing of the quantum circuit saved in the output unit to the corresponding quantum bits of the output unit; or, applying the read waveform and read timing saved in the read unit to the corresponding quantum bits of the read unit. The intermediate control module triggers the quantum computing task, for example, by the intermediate control module sending a trigger signal to the execution module. When the execution module receives the trigger signal, at the start moment of the next clock cycle when the trigger signal arrives or at the corresponding specified moment of the execution module, it starts to execute the quantum computing of the corresponding quantum computing task, for example, including the playback of waveform data (including the output waveform of the quantum circuit and the read waveform) corresponding to the quantum computing task and the control of the operation timing (including the logic gate timing and the read timing), etc. The waveform data can be the output waveform of the quantum circuit saved in the output unit or the read waveform saved in the read unit. The waveform data is, for example, saved in the corresponding unit in a binary manner. This application does not limit this. The corresponding specified moment of the execution module is, for example, the start moment of the periodic signal of the Nth period after the periodic signal where the trigger signal is located. The period of the periodic signal is, for example, greater than the period of the trigger signal, and N is a positive integer. Multiple intermediate control modules receive the synchronization signal from the main control module to generate synchronized periodic signals, and each intermediate control module also sends a synchronization signal to multiple execution modules located in the same quantum control subsystem; multiple execution modules receive the synchronization signal from the intermediate control module to generate synchronized periodic signals to determine the corresponding specified moment of each execution module, and finally realize the synchronous execution of the quantum computing task on multiple execution modules.

[0054] In some embodiments, the process of the intermediate control module executing a virtual task may include: the intermediate control module triggers the virtual task, but does not involve the virtual task being executed on the execution module. Specifically, the intermediate control module triggers the virtual task without sending a trigger signal to the execution module, or without sending a valid trigger signal to the execution module (i.e., an invalid trigger signal may be sent, for example, by introducing a validity parameter in the trigger instruction sent by the intermediate control module to the execution module, where a parameter value of 1 indicates that the trigger signal is valid and a parameter value of 0 indicates that the trigger signal is invalid). In the embodiments of the present application, only a valid trigger signal can trigger a task to be executed on the execution module. If the execution module does not receive a trigger signal, or the execution module does not receive a valid trigger signal (corresponding to the case where the execution module only receives an invalid trigger signal), the task will not be executed on the execution module. Since the virtual task does not involve the sending of a trigger signal, or does not involve the sending of a valid trigger signal, the virtual task can be triggered on the intermediate control module, but the virtual task will not be executed on the execution module, which is why the virtual task is called a "virtual" task. The embodiments of the present application adopt a virtual task mechanism, which facilitates the timing control of quantum parallel multi-threading and is conducive to the synchronous execution of quantum computing tasks in multiple quantum control subsystems.

[0055] In practical applications, the calculation result of a quantum computing task is, for example, the statistical probability that the quantum state is in the target quantum state. For example, when the quantum computing task runs 1000 times, the number of times the quantum state is in the 0 state is 987 times, and the corresponding statistical probability is 0.987. That is to say, for each quantum computing task, the number of executions is generally multiple, or it can be said that the quantum computing task contains multiple shots, and the number of shots is, for example, 2, 10, 100, 1000, 10000, 20000, etc. And the multiple executions (multiple shots) of the quantum computing task mean that the quantum computing task needs to be triggered multiple times.

[0056] In a quantum computing measurement and control system, each task (such as a quantum computing task or a virtual task) corresponds to a thread, and tasks and threads are in one-to-one correspondence. Different threads can use different qubit regions on the quantum chip, and the number of qubits corresponding to each thread is, for example, one or more. Threads are also in one-to-one correspondence with each link (including synchronization and trigger links, feedback links, and task communication links). The intermediate control module, for example, includes multiple thread controllers, and each execution module located in the same quantum control subsystem as the intermediate control module includes a thread manager corresponding to each thread controller. Each thread corresponds to a thread controller of the intermediate control module and a thread manager corresponding to the thread controller, enabling multiple threads to execute in parallel on the intermediate control module and multiple threads to execute in parallel on the execution module. In a single-thread execution scenario, the intermediate control module only executes one task (corresponding to one synchronization and trigger link). If the task needs to be executed multiple times (i.e., multiple shots of the task), as long as it is ensured that the task is triggered sequentially in time, for example, trigger signals are sequentially sent on the corresponding synchronization and trigger link of the process. After the execution module receives the trigger signal, a control signal is applied to the corresponding qubit to operate the qubit. However, in a multi-thread parallel execution scenario, as Figure 2 shown, the intermediate control module needs to execute multiple tasks simultaneously (such as including Task A, Task B, and Task C), that is, within the total execution time period of executing a task multiple times in the quantum computing measurement and control system (which can also be called the total execution time period corresponding to multiple shots of the task), other tasks are also executed one or more times (i.e., one or more shots of other tasks), resulting in an overlapping situation of the total execution time periods corresponding to two or more tasks. That is to say, at a specific moment or within a specific time period, the number of tasks being executed by the quantum computing measurement and control system is greater than 1. This involves sending trigger signals on the synchronization and trigger links corresponding to multiple threads, and after the execution module receives the trigger signal, it needs to apply corresponding control signals to the qubits used by multiple threads to operate the qubits. Once the physical distances between multiple qubits being operated simultaneously are relatively close, qubit crosstalk may occur, leading to incorrect calculation results.

[0057] The advantage of the quantum parallel multi-threaded mechanism is that multiple threads execute in parallel, reducing the total execution time of multiple tasks and achieving high-efficiency execution of multiple quantum computing tasks. While bringing benefits, corresponding costs are also incurred. As described above, as an example, crosstalk on the qubit Z control line is inevitable, which may cause inaccurate results when the quantum computing measurement and control system executes quantum parallel multi-threading. Specifically, when the quantum computing measurement and control system processes a single task, the influence of qubit crosstalk can be compensated during the compilation process because the time of quantum operations in each link is precisely determined. However, when two or more tasks are executed in parallel asynchronously, the time becomes uncertain, making it difficult to compensate for the influence of qubit crosstalk during the compilation process. Therefore, if control signals are applied simultaneously in an area with significant crosstalk, the control signals received by the qubits may deviate from their calibrated values, and this misalignment may ultimately lead to incorrect calculation results for the involved quantum computing tasks.

[0058] To improve this problem, the embodiment of the present application provides an interleaved trigger mechanism, which determines whether the next task can be executed based on the trigger interval of the task being executed. The judgment basis is, for example, the comparison result between the current trigger interval of the task and the corresponding specified trigger interval. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the storage location and storage form of the specified trigger interval of each task. For example, it can be stored in the transmitter of the intermediate control module in the form of a safe trigger interval table. For example, the specified trigger intervals of each task are combined to obtain a safe trigger interval table for multiple processes (or tasks corresponding to multiple processes). The safe trigger interval table specifies the minimum time interval required between each task and other tasks (i.e., the safe trigger interval of each task). The timing of multiple processes is controlled according to this safe trigger interval table to reduce the influence of qubit crosstalk. In practical applications, the safe trigger interval of each task can be used as the corresponding specified time interval of the task, or the corresponding specified time interval of the task can be set to be slightly larger than the safe trigger interval to further reduce the influence of qubit crosstalk. Here, setting the corresponding specified time interval of the task to be "slightly larger" than the safe trigger interval aims to balance the high efficiency of quantum parallel multi-threading and the lower influence of qubit crosstalk. If the corresponding specified time interval of the task is set to be much larger than the safe trigger interval, it is difficult to exert the high-efficiency advantage of quantum parallel multi-threading.

[0059] In summary, considering that the quantum bit crosstalk on the quantum chip in the multi-threaded parallel execution scenario may lead to erroneous calculation results, the embodiment of the present application applies an interleaved triggering mechanism to improve the accuracy of the results when multiple quantum computing tasks are executed asynchronously, thereby ensuring the availability of quantum parallel multithreading. That is, in the quantum parallel multithreading scenario, multiple quantum computing tasks are interleaved and triggered, and new quantum computing tasks are triggered when the trigger intervals of the quantum computing tasks being executed are greater than or equal to the corresponding specified trigger intervals. Moreover, the relative execution time between the quantum computing tasks can be accurately scheduled, thereby significantly reducing the impact of quantum bit crosstalk. The embodiment of the present application reduces the crosstalk between the quantum computing tasks executed in parallel by ensuring the safe trigger interval between the quantum computing task triggered later and the quantum computing task triggered earlier. For example, in a scenario where two threads are executed in parallel, the quantum computing task triggered later only differs from the quantum computing task triggered earlier in the start execution time by the safe trigger interval of the task triggered earlier, and the two quantum computing tasks use the corresponding quantum bits to perform quantum calculations in parallel. In the single-threaded execution scenario, the time difference between the start time of the later-triggered quantum computing task and the earlier-triggered quantum computing task is the total execution time of the earlier-triggered task. Therefore, multi-threaded parallel execution has the advantage of high efficiency and can execute multiple quantum computing tasks at the same time. Moreover, since the staggered triggering mechanism is staggered from the control of quantum bits, there is no need to increase the physical distance between the quantum bits occupied by different tasks, which can reduce the requirements for the distribution position of quantum bits on the quantum chip and improve the utilization efficiency of quantum bit resources of the quantum chip.

[0060] like Figure 2As shown, the red-filled rectangle is Task A, the blue-filled rectangle is Task B, and the green-filled rectangle is Task C. ΔtA, ΔtB, and ΔtC are the corresponding specified trigger intervals for Task A, Task B, and Task C, respectively. The middle control module is executing Task A. According to user requirements, the middle control module needs to execute Task A and Task B in parallel (for example, the first quantum computing task in Step S101). First, the middle control module obtains the trigger interval of Task A, which is assumed to be 30 μs (i.e., microseconds), and compares it with the specified trigger interval. Assume the specified trigger interval ΔtA of Task A is 50 μs. Since the trigger interval of Task A (30 μs) is less than the corresponding specified trigger interval (50 μs), the middle control module does not immediately trigger Task B. Subsequently, the trigger interval of Task A naturally increases over time. When the trigger interval of Task A reaches 50 μs, the middle control module triggers Task B. Next, when Task B is being executed, the process of triggering Task A is similar to the above process of triggering Task B and will not be elaborated here. Thus, interleaved triggering of Task A and Task B is achieved. Among them, Task A can be, for example, a quantum computing task or a virtual task, and Task B can be, for example, a quantum computing task or a virtual task.

[0061] The above is an example of the parallel execution of two tasks (Task A and Task B). Below, taking the parallel execution of three tasks (Task A, Task B, and Task C) as an example, continue as Figure 2As shown, the intermediate control module is executing Task A and Task B. According to user requirements, the intermediate control module needs to execute Task A, Task B, and Task C in parallel. First, the intermediate control module obtains the trigger intervals of Task A and Task B, which are assumed to be 60 us and 10 us respectively, and compares the trigger interval of each task with the corresponding specified trigger interval of that task. Assume that the specified trigger intervals ΔtA of Task A and ΔtB of Task B are 50 us and 70 us respectively. Although the trigger interval of Task A (60 us) is greater than the corresponding specified trigger interval (50 us), since the trigger interval of Task B (10 us) is less than the corresponding specified trigger interval (70 us), the intermediate control module does not immediately trigger Task C. After that, the trigger intervals of Task A and Task B both increase naturally over time. When the trigger interval of Task B reaches 70 us (at this time, the trigger interval of Task A is 120 us), the trigger intervals of both Task A and Task B are not less than the corresponding specified trigger intervals, and the intermediate control module triggers Task C. Next, when Tasks B and C are being executed, the process of triggering Task A is similar to the process of triggering Task C described above, which will not be elaborated here. Similarly, when Tasks C and A are being executed, the process of triggering Task B is similar to the process of triggering Task C described above, which will not be elaborated here either. Thus, the interleaved triggering of Task A, Task B, and Task C is achieved. Among them, Tasks A, B, and C can be, for example, quantum computing tasks or virtual tasks.

[0062] The embodiments of the present application do not limit the type of computing tasks for quantum computing tasks, which may include, for example, one or more of noise learning, error mitigation, expectation calculation, and quantum state tomography calculation. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the application scenarios of quantum computing tasks, which may be, for example, biochemistry, quantum finance, quantum education, big data, artificial intelligence, information security, engineering design, etc.

[0063] See Figure 3 , Figure 3 is a schematic flowchart of a process for triggering a virtual task provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0064] In some embodiments, the tasks that the target intermediate control module can be used to execute may further include virtual tasks.

[0065] As Figure 3 shown, the method may further include step S103 and step S104.

[0066] Step S103: When the main control module instructs the intermediate control modules in the quantum control subsystems other than the target quantum control subsystem to trigger the second quantum computing task and instructs the target intermediate control module to trigger the virtual task corresponding to the second quantum computing task, obtain the trigger intervals of one or more tasks being executed by the target intermediate control module.

[0067] Step S104: When the trigger interval of each task being executed by the target intermediate control module is not less than the corresponding specified trigger interval, trigger the virtual task corresponding to the second quantum computing task, so as to realize the synchronous execution of the first quantum computing task on the intermediate control modules in multiple quantum control subsystems including the target quantum control subsystem.

[0068] For example, the main control module instructs the first intermediate control module in the first quantum control subsystem to trigger the second quantum computing task, and instructs the second intermediate control module (as the target intermediate control module) in the second quantum control subsystem (as the target quantum control subsystem) to trigger the virtual task corresponding to the second quantum computing task. When there are no tasks being executed by the first intermediate control module and the second intermediate control module, the first intermediate control module triggers the second quantum computing task, and the second intermediate control module triggers the virtual task corresponding to the second quantum computing task. This virtual task corresponds to the second quantum computing task and has the same specified trigger interval and timing, that is, the virtual task will be triggered synchronously with the real second quantum computing task.

[0069] After a period of time, the main control module instructs the first intermediate control module and the second intermediate control module to trigger the first quantum computing task. Assume that the trigger interval of the second quantum computing task being executed by the first intermediate control module is 30 us, which is less than the specified trigger interval of the second quantum computing task (assumed to be 50 us). The first intermediate control module will not immediately trigger the first quantum computing task, but wait until the trigger interval reaches 50 us to trigger the first quantum computing task. Correspondingly, the trigger interval of the virtual task corresponding to the second quantum computing task being executed by the second intermediate control module is 30 us, which is less than the specified trigger interval of the virtual task (also 50 us). The second intermediate control module will not immediately trigger the first quantum computing task, but wait until the trigger interval reaches 50 us to trigger the first quantum computing task. Thus, the synchronous execution of the first quantum computing task on the first intermediate control module and the second intermediate control module is realized.

[0070] It can be seen that in the embodiments of the present application, by introducing a virtual task mechanism, the quantum computing tasks are synchronously executed on the intermediate control modules of multiple quantum control subsystems, which helps to further realize the synchronous execution of quantum computing tasks on multiple execution modules of multiple quantum control subsystems. In the quantum parallel multi-threaded scenario, a quantum computing task, for example, uses some qubits on the quantum chip, and these qubits are controlled by some quantum control subsystems. However, the main control module does not only send the quantum computing task to the intermediate control module of these quantum control subsystems, but also sends the task to all intermediate control modules, that is, in addition to sending the quantum computing task to the intermediate control module of the quantum control subsystem that needs to execute the quantum computing task, it also sends the virtual task corresponding to the quantum computing task to the intermediate control module of other quantum control subsystems that do not need to execute the quantum computing task, so that all intermediate control modules receive the task. It's just that the intermediate control module that needs to execute the quantum computing task receives the real quantum computing task, while the intermediate control module that does not need to execute the quantum computing task receives the virtual task.

[0071] In some embodiments, triggering the first quantum computing task may include: sending a trigger signal to one or more execution modules in the target quantum control subsystem, so that one or more execution modules in the target quantum control subsystem perform quantum computing corresponding to the first quantum computing task.

[0072] In some embodiments, during the process of triggering the virtual task corresponding to the second quantum computing task, no trigger signal is sent to one or more execution modules in the target quantum control subsystem, and the execution modules in the target quantum control subsystem will not perform quantum computing corresponding to the second quantum computing task. Or, in some other embodiments, during the process of triggering the virtual task corresponding to the second quantum computing task, no effective trigger signal is sent to one or more execution modules in the target quantum control subsystem, and the execution modules in the target quantum control subsystem will not perform quantum computing corresponding to the second quantum computing task.

[0073] In some embodiments, the method may further include: storing, through a secure trigger interval table, the minimum time interval required between each task and other tasks as the specified trigger interval for the corresponding task.

[0074] Generally speaking, the execution duration of a task once (i.e., the duration of one shot of the task) is greater than the secure trigger interval corresponding to the task. Therefore, the secure trigger interval corresponding to the task is also satisfied between multiple executions (multiple shots) of the same task.

[0075] In some embodiments, for each task, the trigger interval of the task can be used to indicate the time interval of the current shot of the task since the initial trigger, where each shot corresponds to one or more triggers.

[0076] See Figure 4 , Figure 4 which is a structural block diagram of a target quantum control subsystem provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0077] An embodiment of the present application also provides a target quantum control subsystem, which is applied to a quantum computing measurement and control system. The multiple quantum control subsystems in the quantum computing measurement and control system include the target quantum control subsystem. The target quantum control subsystem includes a target intermediate control module and multiple execution modules, and each execution module operates in a separate clock domain.

[0078] When the main control module in the quantum computing measurement and control system instructs the target intermediate control module to trigger a first quantum computing task, the target intermediate control module is configured to obtain the trigger intervals of one or more tasks being executed. The tasks that the target intermediate control module is configured to execute include quantum computing tasks. When the trigger interval of each task being executed by the target intermediate control module is not less than the corresponding specified trigger interval, the target intermediate control module is further configured to trigger the first quantum computing task to achieve interleaved triggering of multiple quantum computing tasks including the first quantum computing task.

[0079] For each execution module in the target quantum control subsystem, when the target intermediate control module instructs the execution module to trigger the first quantum computing task, the execution module is configured to perform the quantum computing corresponding to the first quantum computing task.

[0080] In some embodiments, the tasks that the target intermediate control module is configured to execute may further include virtual tasks.

[0081] When the main control module instructs the intermediate control module in a quantum control subsystem other than the target quantum control subsystem to trigger a second quantum computing task and instructs the target intermediate control module to trigger a virtual task corresponding to the second quantum computing task, the target intermediate control module may further be configured to obtain the trigger intervals of one or more tasks being executed by the target intermediate control module.

[0082] When the triggering interval of each task being executed by the target intermediate control module is not less than the corresponding specified triggering interval, the target intermediate control module can also be used to trigger a virtual task corresponding to the second quantum computing task, so as to implement the synchronous execution of the first quantum computing task on the intermediate control modules of multiple quantum control subsystems including the target quantum control subsystem.

[0083] See Figure 5 , Figure 5 which is a structural block diagram of a target intermediate control module provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0084] In some embodiments, the target intermediate control module may include a plurality of thread controllers and emitters, and each execution module includes a thread manager corresponding to each thread controller.

[0085] In the target intermediate control module, the thread controller can be used to record the triggering interval of the task being executed and share it with the emitter; when the main control module instructs the thread controller to trigger the first quantum computing task, submit a first trigger request to the emitter; and, when the main control module instructs the intermediate control module in the quantum control subsystem other than the target quantum control subsystem to trigger the second quantum computing task and instructs the thread controller to trigger the virtual task corresponding to the second quantum computing task, submit a second trigger request to the emitter.

[0086] In the target intermediate control module, the emitter can be used to receive the first trigger request, and when the triggering interval of each task being executed by the target intermediate control module is not less than the corresponding specified triggering interval, send a trigger signal to the thread manager corresponding to the thread controller in one or more execution modules, and notify the thread controller to reset the triggering interval of the task being executed; and receive the second trigger request, and when the triggering interval of each task being executed by the target intermediate control module is not less than the corresponding specified triggering interval, notify the thread controller to reset the triggering interval of the task being executed.

[0087] In each execution module, the thread manager can be used to receive the trigger signal and execute the quantum computing corresponding to the first quantum computing task.

[0088] In some embodiments, the trigger requests (including the first trigger request and the second trigger request) submitted by the thread controller may include trigger instructions. A type parameter is set in the trigger instruction. According to the parameter value of the type parameter, it can be identified whether the trigger type corresponding to the trigger request is an initial trigger. If the trigger type corresponding to the trigger request is an initial trigger, the trigger interval recorded by the thread controller starts timing from 0; if the trigger type corresponding to the trigger request is not an initial trigger, the trigger interval recorded by the thread controller continues timing. For example, task A is executed 10,000 times, that is, task A includes 10,000 shots. It is assumed that each shot needs to be triggered 3 times. Among them, the initial trigger refers to the first trigger of each shot, that is, each shot corresponds to an initial trigger. Therefore, within the total execution time period of the 10,000 shots corresponding to task A, the number of initial triggers is 10,000.

[0089] In the embodiments of the present application, a type parameter, such as start, can be set in the trigger instruction. As an example, if the parameter value of start in a trigger instruction is 1, it indicates that the trigger type corresponding to the trigger request is an initial trigger; if the parameter value of start in a trigger instruction is 0, it indicates that the trigger type corresponding to the trigger request is not an initial trigger.

[0090] The time interval from the initial trigger of a task, for example, starts counting from when the thread controller corresponding to the task submits the trigger request of the initial trigger to the emitter. For the intermediate control module that executes the same task multiple times (i.e., multiple shots of executing the same task), at the initial trigger of this task (i.e., the first trigger of the current shot), the thread controller submits a trigger request X1 to the emitter. The type parameter in the trigger instruction carried by the trigger request X1 indicates that the trigger type corresponding to the trigger request X1 is the initial trigger. The emitter issues a trigger signal and notifies the thread controller to reset the trigger interval of the task being executed, that is, the trigger interval of the task recorded by the thread controller starts counting from 0, which means the trigger interval grows naturally with time. During the execution of this task, there may be other triggers. The thread controller submits a trigger request X2 to the emitter. The type parameter in the trigger instruction carried by the trigger request X2 indicates that the trigger type corresponding to the trigger request X2 is not the initial trigger. The emitter issues a trigger signal but does not notify the thread controller to reset the trigger interval. The trigger interval of the task recorded by the thread controller continues to count, and the trigger interval continues to grow naturally with time. Until the next initial trigger of the task (i.e., the first trigger of the next shot of the task), the thread controller resubmits a trigger request X1 to the emitter. The trigger type corresponding to the trigger request X1 is the initial trigger. The emitter issues a trigger signal and notifies the thread controller that the trigger interval of the recorded task starts counting from 0 again, and so on, which will not be elaborated here. The emitter can access the trigger intervals of the corresponding tasks shared by each thread controller to obtain the trigger intervals of all tasks being executed, so as to manage the timing sequence.

[0091] See Figure 6 , Figure 6 is a timing diagram of a multi-thread parallel execution scenario that implements an interleaved trigger mechanism and a subsystem synchronization mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present application. As Figure 6 shown, the rectangle filled with red is the quantum computing task X, the rectangle filled with blue is the quantum computing task Y, the rectangle filled with red shadow is the virtual task X' corresponding to the quantum computing task X, and △tX and △tY are the specified trigger intervals corresponding to the quantum computing task X and the quantum computing task Y respectively. On Figure 6 the left side, in the case of no virtual task mechanism, only the quantum computing task Y in the first intermediate control module is delayed in triggering, resulting in the loss of synchronization between the two quantum control subsystems. On Figure 6 the right side, the implementation of the virtual task mechanism not only ensures the safe trigger interval between the quantum computing task Y and the quantum computing task X, but also promotes the synchronization between the two quantum control subsystems.

[0092] Specifically, to improve the problem of synchronization loss between multiple quantum control subsystems, the embodiment of the present application introduces an interleaved triggering mechanism, which includes merging the safety trigger interval tables of each process. The safety trigger interval table specifies the minimum time interval required between a task and other tasks and is stored in the transmitter. Each thread controller records the time interval since the initial trigger and shares this information with the transmitter. For a trigger request submitted by a thread controller, the transmitter first evaluates whether the trigger interval condition is met before responding to the trigger request, that is, whether the trigger interval of the task being executed by the intermediate control module is not less than the corresponding specified trigger interval. However, for tasks involving intermediate control modules in multiple quantum control subsystems (for example, task Y involves the first intermediate control module and the second intermediate control module), interleaved triggering may cause uncertainty between different quantum control subsystems. Therefore, a virtual task mechanism is introduced to improve this problem. The main control module distributes each task to all intermediate control modules, even if the corresponding quantum control subsystem does not participate in task execution. The thread controller of the intermediate control module receiving the virtual task sends a trigger request to the transmitter according to the timing specified by the main control module. The transmitter follows the interleaved triggering strategy to manage the timing between different threads but does not send a valid trigger signal to the execution module.

[0093] For example, the quantum computing measurement and control system includes a first quantum control subsystem and a second quantum control subsystem. As Figure 6 shown, the first intermediate control module in the first quantum control subsystem simultaneously executes quantum computing task X and quantum computing task Y, while the second intermediate control module in the second quantum control subsystem only executes quantum computing task Y. △tX and △tY respectively represent the corresponding safety trigger intervals of quantum computing task X and quantum computing task Y. Figure 6 The left side shows the scenario without using the virtual task mechanism, where quantum computing task Y in the first intermediate control module is delayed due to the interleaved triggering mechanism. However, since the second intermediate control module only executes quantum computing task Y, quantum computing task Y is triggered at the normal time, resulting in a loss of synchronization between the two quantum control subsystems. Figure 6 The right side shows the scenario of using the virtual task mechanism. The second intermediate control module loads the virtual task X' corresponding to quantum computing task X, realizing the synchronous execution of quantum computing task Y on the first intermediate control module and the second intermediate control module.

[0094] See Figure 7 , Figure 7 which is a structural block diagram of a quantum computing measurement and control system provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0095] The embodiment of the present application also provides a quantum computing measurement and control system, which includes a main control module and multiple target quantum control subsystems as described in any one of the above items.

[0096] An embodiment of the present application further provides a quantum computer, which includes a quantum chip and any one of the above-mentioned quantum computing measurement and control systems, and a plurality of qubits are arranged on the quantum chip.

[0097] In some embodiments, the quantum computer may be a superconducting quantum computer. Correspondingly, the quantum chip may be a superconducting quantum chip, and one or more superconducting qubits may be arranged on the superconducting quantum chip.

[0098] The embodiment of the present application does not limit the number of qubits on the quantum chip, which may be 32, 72, 100, 200, etc.

[0099] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer device, and its specific implementation manners are similar to those described in the above method embodiments and achieve similar technical effects, and some contents will not be elaborated here.

[0100] The computer device includes a memory and at least one processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the at least one processor is configured to execute the steps of any one of the above methods when executing the computer program.

[0101] See Figure 8 , Figure 8 which is a structural block diagram of a computer device provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0102] The embodiment of the present application does not limit the computer device, which may be a local computer device, a cloud computer device, a distributed computer device, etc.

[0103] As Figure 6 shown, the computer device may include: a memory 110, a processor 120, and a communication interface 130. Among them, the memory 110, the processor 120, and the communication interface 130 are connected through an internal connection path.

[0104] The memory 110 is used to store a computer program. In some implementation manners, the computer program may include code for implementing the method of the embodiment of the present application.

[0105] The processor 120 is used to execute the computer program stored in the memory 110 to control the communication interface 130 to receive input data and information and output operation result data, etc. In some implementation manners, when implementing the solution of the embodiment of the present application through software or firmware, the computer program for implementing the solution of the embodiment of the present application may be stored in the processor 120 and executed by the processor 120.

[0106] The memory 110 can be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or can include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory can be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory can be a random access memory (RAM). It should be noted that the memory 110 described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, any of these and other suitable types of memories. As an example, the memory 110 includes a random access memory (RAM), a cache memory, and a read-only memory (ROM). Among them, the memory 110 stores a computer program, and the computer program can be executed by the processor 120, so that the processor 120 implements the steps of any of the above methods.

[0107] The processor 120 can be a central processing unit (CPU), and the processor 120 can also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, or the processor 120 can also be any conventional processor, etc.

[0108] In the implementation process, each step of the above method can be completed by the integrated logic circuit of the hardware in the processor 120 or the instructions in the form of software. The method disclosed in combination with the embodiments of the present application can be directly embodied as being executed and completed by the hardware processor, or executed and completed by the combination of the hardware and software modules in the processor 120. The software module can be located in a mature storage medium in the art such as a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, or an electrically erasable programmable memory, a register, etc. This storage medium is located in the memory 110, and the processor 120 reads the information in the memory 110 and combines its hardware to complete the steps of the above method. To avoid repetition, it will not be described in detail here.

[0109] In some implementations, in addition to the hardware units described above, a computer device may further include software modules. Among them, the software modules may be, for example, an operating system, a Basic Input Output System (BIOS), application software, etc.

[0110] The operating system is used to manage the hardware and / or software resources of a computer device and is the core and foundation of the computer device. The operating system needs to handle basic tasks such as managing and configuring memory, determining the priority order of system resource supply and demand, controlling input and output devices, operating the network, and managing the file system. To facilitate user operation, most operating systems provide a user interface for the user to interact with the system.

[0111] The BIOS is used to perform hardware initialization during the power-on boot phase and provide runtime services for the operating system and application programs. In some implementations, the BIOS can also monitor the display processor temperature and perform functions such as adjusting the temperature protection strategy.

[0112] Application software, also known as an application program, can be understood as software written for a specific application purpose of users and is one of the main classifications of computer software. For example, application software can be a program for achieving purposes such as power control and temperature management.

[0113] The embodiments of the present application also provide a computer-readable storage medium, and its specific implementation manners are similar to those described in the above method embodiments and the achieved technical effects, and some contents will not be elaborated.

[0114] The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by at least one processor, it implements the steps of any one of the above methods or implements the functions of any one of the above computer devices.

[0115] The embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program product, and its specific implementation manners are similar to those described in the above method embodiments and the achieved technical effects, and some contents will not be elaborated.

[0116] The computer program product includes a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by at least one processor, it implements the steps of any one of the above methods or implements the functions of any one of the above computer devices.

[0117] A computer program product may be embodied on a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) and include program code, and may run on a terminal device such as a personal computer. However, the computer program product of the present application is not limited thereto, and the computer program product may adopt any combination of one or more computer-readable media.

[0118] It should be understood that the specific examples in this specification are only for helping those skilled in the art better understand the implementation manners of the present application, rather than limiting the protection scope of the present application.

[0119] It should be understood that in various implementation manners of this specification, the magnitudes of the sequence numbers of the various processes do not mean the order of execution is prior or posterior, and the order of execution of the various processes should be determined according to their functions and internal logics, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the present application.

[0120] It should be understood that the various implementation manners described in this specification can be implemented alone or in combination, and the present application does not limit this.

[0121] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field of this specification. The terms used in this specification are only for the purpose of describing specific implementation manners, and are not intended to limit the scope of this specification. The term "and / or" used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items. The singular forms "a", "above-mentioned", and "the" used in this specification and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0122] Those of ordinary skill in the art can realize that the units and algorithm steps of the examples described in combination with the implementation manners disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are executed in a hardware or software manner depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professionals can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of this specification.

[0123] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and conciseness of description, the specific working processes of the above-described embodiments can refer to the corresponding processes in other embodiments, and will not be elaborated herein.

[0124] In several embodiments provided in this specification, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the displayed or discussed couplings or direct couplings or communication connections between each other can be through some interfaces. The indirect couplings or communication connections of devices or units can be in electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0125] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated. The components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they can be located in one place or distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the technical solution of this application.

[0126] In addition, in each embodiment of this specification, the functional units can be integrated in a processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit.

[0127] If the function is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this specification, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in each embodiment of this specification. The foregoing storage medium includes: various media such as USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, read-only memories (ROM), random access memories (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical discs that can store program codes.

[0128] The above are only the specific embodiments of this specification, but the protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this specification can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered within the protection scope of this specification. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A triggering method for quantum computing tasks, characterized in that, The target intermediate control module in the target quantum control subsystem among multiple quantum control subsystems applied to a quantum computing measurement and control system, the method comprising: When the main control module in the quantum computing measurement and control system instructs the target intermediate control module to trigger a first quantum computing task, obtaining the trigger interval of one or more tasks being executed by the target intermediate control module, where the tasks that the target intermediate control module is used to execute include quantum computing tasks; When the trigger interval of each task being executed by the target intermediate control module is not less than the corresponding specified trigger interval, triggering the first quantum computing task to achieve interleaved triggering of multiple quantum computing tasks including the first quantum computing task.

2. The triggering method of the quantum computing task according to claim 1, wherein The tasks that the target intermediate control module is used to execute further include virtual tasks; The method further comprises: When the main control module instructs an intermediate control module in a quantum control subsystem other than the target quantum control subsystem to trigger a second quantum computing task and instructs the target intermediate control module to trigger a virtual task corresponding to the second quantum computing task, obtaining the trigger interval of one or more tasks being executed by the target intermediate control module; When the trigger interval of each task being executed by the target intermediate control module is not less than the corresponding specified trigger interval, triggering the virtual task corresponding to the second quantum computing task to achieve synchronous execution of the first quantum computing task on the intermediate control modules in multiple quantum control subsystems including the target quantum control subsystem.

3. The triggering method of the quantum computing task according to claim 2, wherein The triggering of the first quantum computing task includes: sending a trigger signal to one or more execution modules in the target quantum control subsystem, so that one or more execution modules in the target quantum control subsystem perform quantum computing corresponding to the first quantum computing task; or, During the process of triggering the virtual task corresponding to the second quantum computing task, no trigger signal is sent to one or more execution modules in the target quantum control subsystem, and the execution modules in the target quantum control subsystem will not perform quantum computing corresponding to the second quantum computing task.

4. The triggering method of the quantum computing task according to claim 2, wherein The method further comprises: Storing, through a secure trigger interval table, the minimum time interval required between each task and other tasks as the corresponding specified trigger interval of the task.

5. The triggering method of the quantum computing task according to claim 1, wherein For each task, the trigger interval of the task is used to indicate the time interval of the current shot of the task starting from the initial trigger, where each shot corresponds to one or more triggers.

6. A target quantum control subsystem, characterized in that, Applied to a quantum computing measurement and control system, the multiple quantum control subsystems in the quantum computing measurement and control system include the target quantum control subsystem, the target quantum control subsystem includes a target intermediate control module and multiple execution modules, and each execution module operates in a separate clock domain; When the main control module in the quantum computing measurement and control system instructs the target intermediate control module to trigger a first quantum computing task, the target intermediate control module is used to obtain the trigger intervals of one or more tasks being executed, and the tasks that the target intermediate control module is used to execute include quantum computing tasks; when the trigger interval of each task being executed by the target intermediate control module is not less than the corresponding specified trigger interval, the target intermediate control module is further used to trigger the first quantum computing task to achieve interleaved triggering of multiple quantum computing tasks including the first quantum computing task; For each execution module in the target quantum control subsystem, when the target intermediate control module instructs the execution module to trigger the first quantum computing task, the execution module is used to execute the quantum computing corresponding to the first quantum computing task.

7. The target quantum control subsystem according to claim 6, wherein The tasks that the target intermediate control module is used to execute further include virtual tasks; When the main control module instructs the intermediate control module in a quantum control subsystem other than the target quantum control subsystem to trigger a second quantum computing task and instructs the target intermediate control module to trigger a virtual task corresponding to the second quantum computing task, the target intermediate control module is further used to obtain the trigger intervals of one or more tasks that the target intermediate control module is executing; When the trigger interval of each task being executed by the target intermediate control module is not less than the corresponding specified trigger interval, the target intermediate control module is further used to trigger the virtual task corresponding to the second quantum computing task to achieve synchronous execution of the first quantum computing task on the intermediate control modules in multiple quantum control subsystems including the target quantum control subsystem.

8. The target quantum control subsystem according to claim 7, characterized in that, The target intermediate control module includes a plurality of thread controllers and emitters, and each execution module includes a thread manager corresponding to each thread controller; In the target intermediate control module, the thread controller is used to record the trigger intervals of the tasks being executed and share them with the emitter; When the main control module instructs the thread controller to trigger a first quantum computing task, submit a first trigger request to the emitter; and when the main control module instructs the intermediate control module in a quantum control subsystem other than the target quantum control subsystem to trigger a second quantum computing task and instructs the thread controller to trigger a virtual task corresponding to the second quantum computing task, submit a second trigger request to the emitter; In the target intermediate control module, the transmitter is configured to receive the first trigger request, and when the trigger interval of each task being executed in the target intermediate control module is not less than the corresponding specified trigger interval, send a trigger signal to the thread manager corresponding to the thread controller in one or more execution modules, and notify the thread controller to reset the trigger interval of the task being executed; and, receive the second trigger request, and when the trigger interval of each task being executed in the target intermediate control module is not less than the corresponding specified trigger interval, notify the thread controller to reset the trigger interval of the task being executed. In each execution module, the thread manager is configured to receive the trigger signal and perform quantum computing corresponding to the first quantum computing task.

9. A quantum computing measurement and control system, characterized in that, The quantum computing measurement and control system includes a main control module and multiple target quantum control subsystems according to any one of claims 6-8.

10. A quantum computer, characterized in that, The quantum computer includes a quantum chip and the quantum computing measurement and control system according to claim 9, and a plurality of qubits are provided on the quantum chip.

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