Screening method for substitution proportion of substitution raw materials in animal feed

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for screening substitution proportions of substitute raw materials in an animal feed, and belongs to the technical field of feeds. According to the feeding rate of animal paralichthys olivaceus and the feed conversion rate, the price of the substitute raw materials, the animal feeding amount, the price of the substitute raw materials and the animal weight increment are used as parameters; according to the method, economic benefits are taken as a theoretical basis, and the method is scientific and reasonable; the calculation method is easy to measure, convenient to operate and low in cost, and a new thought is provided for screening alternative feed raw materials of animal feed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of feeds, and particularly relates to a method for screening the substitution ratio of substitute raw materials in animal feeds. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous expansion of the scale of the aquaculture industry, the demand for feeds has become increasingly large. Currently, the main protein source in seawater fish feeds is fish meal. Turbot belongs to carnivorous seawater fish and has a relatively high demand for feed protein. Fish meal has good amino acid balance and high palatability, and is the main protein source for carnivorous fish. However, with the decline of marine fishery resources, the demand for fish meal in global aquaculture feeds continues to increase. The imbalance between supply and demand has led to a continuous increase in the price of fish meal, and it can no longer meet the needs of the aquaculture industry. Therefore, in recent decades, a large number of studies have been carried out to try to find other protein sources to replace fish meal for making feeds. Studies have shown that plant proteins such as soybean meal, cottonseed meal, and peanut meal; animal proteins such as chicken meal, feather meal, and chicken bone protein powder; insect proteins such as Tenebrio molitor protein and pupal protein can be used to replace fish meal in feeds for feeding. Currently, existing studies only consider the impact of different substitution ratios on the growth of turbot, but do not consider how to maximize economic benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for screening the substitution ratio of substitute raw materials in animal feeds, which can better screen and further predict the substitution ratio of raw materials in feeds and improve economic benefits.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A method for screening the substitution ratio of substitute raw materials in animal feeds, the steps are as follows:

[0006] Step 1: Select substitute raw materials that can replace high-price raw materials, prepare animal feeds with different substitution ratios, and a 0 substitution ratio group needs to be set as a control, and feed the prepared animal feeds to animals;

[0007] Step 2: Determine the breeding parameters:

[0008] ① Determine the feed consumption during the breeding period, and calculate the total feed consumption M during the breeding period = total feed usage, kg; ② Determine the substitution ratio x of the substitute raw material for the high-price raw material. x is any value between 0% and 100%, where the substitution ratio of a single substitute protein source generally does not exceed 50%, and the substitution ratio of a composite substitute protein source generally does not exceed 75%;

[0009] ③ Determine the initial total weight and final total weight of the breeding animals, and calculate the total weight gain N = final total weight - initial total weight, kg;

[0010] ④Determine the price of the original feed as A yuan / kg;

[0011] ⑤Determine the price of the high-price raw material of the feed as B yuan / kg;

[0012] ⑥Determine the price of the alternative raw material used to replace the feed with the high-price raw material as C yuan / kg, where C < B;

[0013] ⑦According to the formula y = [A + 0.6×x×(B - C)]×M÷N, determine the judgment basis y of the fish meal substitution ratio;

[0014] Step 3. Determine the substitution ratio:

[0015] Record the y value when the substitution ratio is 0 as y0, and the y value when the substitution ratio is x as y x , then y x The substitution ratio x when < y0 has economic value, and the x when y x is the lowest is the optimal substitution ratio.

[0016] The present invention further provides a method for estimating the optimal substitution ratio. When the number of set substitution ratios is not less than 3, a cubic polynomial regression curve is used to fit the (x, y) data, where y represents the evaluation index and x represents the substitution ratio; the candidate x value is determined by solving the local minimum point of the curve, and the x value corresponding to the range of 0 < x < 50 is the estimated optimal substitution ratio.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art: The present invention provides a screening method for the substitution ratio of alternative raw materials in feed. This method is based on the feeding rate and feed conversion rate of the animal turbot, and uses the price of the replaced raw material, the animal food intake, the price of the replaced raw material and the animal weight gain as parameters to judge the optimal substitution ratio of the replaced feed in the animal feed. This method is based on the economic benefit theory and has scientific rationality; the calculation method of the present invention is easy to measure, convenient to operate and has low cost, providing a new idea for the screening of alternative feed raw materials for animal feed. Specific embodiments

[0018] The following further illustrates the present invention in combination with specific embodiments:

[0019] Example 1

[0020] A screening method for the substitution ratio of alternative raw materials in animal feed is as follows:

[0021] Step 1. Select alternative raw materials that can replace high-price raw materials, prepare animal feeds with different substitution ratios, and a 0 substitution ratio group needs to be set as a control, and feed the prepared animal feeds to animals.

[0022] Step 2. Determine the breeding parameters:

[0023] ① Determine the feed consumption during the breeding period, and calculate the total feed consumption M during the breeding period = total feed usage, kg;

[0024] ② Determine the substitution ratio x of the substitute raw material for the high-price raw material. x is a percentage. x can be any value between 0% and 100%. Generally, the substitution ratio of a single substitute protein source does not exceed 50%, and the substitution ratio of a compound substitute protein source generally does not exceed 75%;

[0025] ③ Determine the initial total weight and final total weight of the farmed animals, and calculate the total weight gain N = final total weight - initial total weight, kg;

[0026] ④ Determine the original feed price A yuan / kg;

[0027] ⑤ Determine the price B yuan / kg of the high-price raw material in the feed;

[0028] ⑥ Determine the price C yuan / kg of the substitute raw material used to replace the high-price raw material in the feed, where C < B;

[0029] ⑦ According to the formula y = [A + 0.6 × x × (B - C)] × M ÷ N, determine the judgment basis y for the fish meal substitution ratio;

[0030] Step 3. Determine the substitution ratio:

[0031] Denote the y value when the substitution ratio is 0 as y0, and the y value when the substitution ratio is x as y x , then y x When < y0, the substitution ratio x has economic value, and y x The lowest value is the optimal substitution ratio.

[0032] The present invention further provides a method for estimating the optimal substitution ratio. When the number of set substitution ratios is not less than 3, a cubic polynomial regression curve is used to fit the (x, y) data, where y represents the evaluation index and x represents the substitution ratio; the candidate x value is determined by solving the local minimum point of this curve, and the x value corresponding to the range of 0 < x < 50 is the estimated optimal substitution ratio.

[0033] The method described in the present invention can be used for the prediction method of the substitution ratio of fish meal in aquatic animal feed. The dosage of fish meal is one of the main costs in aquatic animal feed. In the prior art, efforts have been made to find the appropriate proportion of raw materials to replace fish meal in order to reduce the feed cost without affecting the growth of aquatic animals. The fish meal replacing the feed protein source can be any high-protein feed raw material with a unit price lower than that of fish meal, such as plant proteins like soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, corn protein powder, etc.; animal proteins like chicken meal, feather meal, chicken bone protein powder; insect proteins: pupal protein, black soldier fly pupal protein, etc. and various compound proteins.

[0034] The replacement ratio of fish meal to feed and protein source is generally no more than 50%.

[0035] The method described in the present invention can also be used to predict the replacement ratio of fish oil in aquatic animal feed. Fish oil usage is another major cost factor in aquatic animal feed. Prior art efforts have consistently focused on finding an appropriate ratio of raw materials to replace fish oil in order to reduce feed costs without affecting aquatic animal growth. Examples of raw materials that can replace fish oil include palm oil and salad oil.

[0036] The method described in the present invention can also be used to predict the replacement ratio of high-value raw materials in terrestrial animal feed, for example, using other raw materials to replace high-value raw materials such as soybean meal.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] This example uses turbot as the main research object to study alternative raw materials to replace fish meal in turbot feed.

[0039] Step 1. Feed preparation: Use fermented soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal protein source to prepare replacement ratio feed, with the replacement ratios being 0%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% respectively; 20% means using 20% soybean meal by mass percentage in the feed to replace 20% fish meal by mass percentage; 30% means using 30% soybean meal by mass percentage in the feed to replace 30% fish meal by mass percentage; 40%, 50% and so on.

[0040] Table 1 is the standard feed formula

[0041] Ingredients Proportion of each ingredient (%) Super steam fish meal 66 60 Gluten meal 3 Fish oil 4 Wheat flour 27.9 Soybean lecithin 2 Multivitamin 0.5 Multi-mineral 1 Choline chloride 0.5 Monocalcium phosphate 1 Calcium propionate 0.05 Butylated hydroxyanisole 0.025 Butylated hydroxytoluene 0.025

[0042] Step 2: Feeding and management:

[0043] ① Select healthy, uniformly weighted turbot and culture them in a workshop. Divide the fish into five groups, with 30 in each group. Fast them for 24 hours before starting the culture cycle, and record their initial weight. The culture water temperature is 14-19°C, pH 7.6-7.8, salinity 28-32, and dissolved oxygen 6.5-7 mg / L. Culture for eight weeks.

[0044] ② Feed the turbot twice a day at 7:00 am and 6:00 pm. Use light to attract feeding. Turn on the light 20 minutes before feeding. Feed 0.2% of the total body weight of the turbot every 5 minutes. Repeat the above feeding steps until the turbot stops eating, and count the feed consumed.

[0045] Step 3: Determine the breeding parameters:

[0046] ① Determine the feed consumption during the breeding period and calculate the total feed consumption M during the breeding period = total feed usage, kg;

[0047] ② Determine the substitution ratios of the feed to be 0, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% respectively;

[0048] ③ Determine the feed raw material price A, 13.2 yuan / kg;

[0049] ④ Determine the feed fish meal price B, 8.6 yuan / kg;

[0050] ⑤ Determine the fermented soybean meal price C, 4 yuan / kg;

[0051] ⑥ Determine the initial total weight and final total weight of the farmed turbot, and calculate the total weight gain N = final total weight - initial total weight, kg;

[0052] ⑦ According to the formula y = [A + 0.6×x×(C - B)]×M÷N, determine the judgment basis y for the fish meal substitution ratio.

[0053] The above breeding parameters are shown in Table 1 below;

[0054] Table 1 is the breeding parameters

[0055] Replacement ratio (%) Feed consumption (kg) Total weight gain (kg) Judgment basis x M N y 0 1.4550 1.4571 13.1809 20 1.4897 1.4570 12.9302 30 1.4913 1.4544 12.6862 40 1.4550 1.2798 13.7519 50 1.4360 1.1334 14.9762

[0056] According to the above table, the substitution ratios of 20% and 30% have economic value, and the best substitution ratio is selected as 30%.

[0057] The fitting curve formula through the above different substitution ratios is y = -191.86x 3 +238.16x 2 -85.066x + 21.952, and finally the predicted best substitution ratio can be obtained as 26.1%.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] Step 1. Feed production: Use corn protein powder as the fish meal protein source substitute to produce feed with substitution ratios of 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% respectively.

[0060] Step 2. Feeding management:

[0061] ① Select healthy turbot with uniform body weight, and use the workshop breeding method. Divide the turbot into 4 groups for breeding, with 20 turbot in each group. Stop feeding for 24 hours before starting breeding and record the initial weight. The water temperature of the breeding water body is 14 - 16°C, ph is 7.6 - 7.8, salinity is 26 - 29, dissolved oxygen is 6.5 - 7 mg / L, and the breeding time is 8 weeks.

[0062] ②Feed twice a day at 7:30 in the morning and 5:30 in the evening until full. Use lights to attract food during feeding. Turn on the lights 20 minutes before feeding and feed at intervals of 5 minutes at a rate of 0.2% of the total weight of turbot. Repeat the above feeding steps until the turbot stops eating, and count the consumed feed.

[0063] Step 3. Determine the breeding parameters:

[0064] ①Determine the amount of feed consumed during the breeding period, and calculate the total amount of feed consumed during the breeding period M = total feed consumption, kg;

[0065] ②Determine the substitution ratios of the feed to be 0, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% respectively;

[0066] ③Determine the price of the feed raw material A, 13.2 yuan / kg;

[0067] ④Determine the price of the feed fish meal B, 8.6 yuan / kg;

[0068] ⑤Determine the price of the corn protein powder C, 6 yuan / kg;

[0069] ⑥Determine the initial total weight and final total weight of the cultured turbot, and calculate the total weight gain N = final total weight - initial total weight, kg;

[0070] ⑦According to the formula y = [A + 0.6×x×(C - B)]×M÷N, determine the judgment basis y for the fish meal substitution ratio.

[0071] The above breeding parameters are shown in Table 2 below;

[0072] Table 2 shows the breeding parameters

[0073] Replacement ratio (%) Feed consumption (kg) Total weight gain (kg) Judgment basis x M N y 0 1.431 1.4062 13.4328 20 1.434 1.416 13.3646 40 1.404 1.0721 17.2782 60 1.201 0.5024 31.5325

[0074] According to the above table, when the substitution ratio is 20%, it has economic value, and the best substitution ratio is selected as 20%.

[0075] The fitting curve formula through the above different substitution ratios is y = 132.48x 3 -29.713x 2 +0.3028x + 13.433, and finally the predicted best substitution ratio is 14.4%.

[0076] Example 3

[0077] Step 1. Feed production: Use chicken meal as the substitute for fish meal protein source to produce feed with substitution ratios of 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% respectively;

[0078] Step 2. Feeding management:

[0079] ① Select healthy turbot with uniform body weight. Breed the turbot in groups of 20 in a workshop. Stop feeding for 24 hours before starting the breeding, and record the initial body weight. The water temperature of the breeding water body is 14 - 16 °C, pH is 7.2 - 7.6, salinity is 28 - 30, and dissolved oxygen is 6.8 - 7.0 mg / L. The breeding time is 8 weeks.

[0080] ② Feed twice a day at 7:30 in the morning and 5:30 in the evening until full. Use light to attract food during feeding. Turn on the light 20 minutes before feeding, and feed at 0.2% of the total body weight of the turbot every 5 minutes. Repeat the above feeding steps until the turbot stops eating, and count the consumed feed.

[0081] Step 3: Determine the breeding parameters:

[0082] ① Determine the amount of feed consumed during the breeding period, and calculate the total amount of feed consumed during the breeding period M = total feed usage, kg;

[0083] ② Determine the substitution ratios of the feed to be 0, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% respectively;

[0084] ③ Determine the price of the feed raw material A, 13.2 yuan / kg;

[0085] ④ Determine the price of the feed fish meal B, 8.6 yuan / kg;

[0086] ⑤ Determine the price of the chicken meal C, 7.7 yuan / kg;

[0087] ⑥ Determine the initial total body weight and final total body weight of the farmed turbot, and calculate the total weight gain N = final total body weight - initial total body weight, kg;

[0088] ⑦ According to the formula y = [A + 0.6 × x × (C - B)] × M ÷ N, determine the judgment basis y for the fish meal substitution ratio.

[0089] The above breeding parameters are shown in Table 3 below;

[0090] Table 3 Breeding parameters

[0091]

[0092]

[0093] According to the above table, when the substitution ratio is 20%, it has economic value, and the best substitution ratio is screened to be 20%.

[0094] The fitting curve formula through the above different substitution ratios is y = -7.6079x 3 ++11.109x 2 -1.4742x + 13.89, and finally the predicted best substitution ratio can be obtained as 7.1%.

[0095] Example 4

[0096] Using fermented soybean meal as a substitute protein source, the substitution ratios were set at 0% and 26.1% respectively.

[0097] Step 1. Feeding management:

[0098] ① Select healthy turbot with uniform body weight. Using the workshop aquaculture method, divide the turbot into 2 groups for aquaculture, with 500 turbot in each group. Stop feeding for 24 hours before starting the aquaculture, and record the initial body weight. The water temperature of the aquaculture water body is 14 - 19 °C, pH is 7.6 - 7.8, salinity is 28 - 32, dissolved oxygen is 6.5 - 7 mg / L, and the aquaculture time is 16 weeks.

[0099] ② Feed twice a day at 7:00 am and 6:00 pm until full. Use light to attract food during feeding. Turn on the light 20 minutes before feeding, and feed at 0.2% of the total body weight of the turbot every 5 minutes. Repeat the above feeding steps until the turbot stops eating, and count the consumed feed.

[0100] Step 2. Calculate the seedling cost based on the price of turbot fry on the day when the aquaculture starts; determine the amount of feed consumed during the aquaculture period and calculate the feed cost; determine other costs based on other expenditures during the aquaculture period; determine the total final body weight of the turbot at the end of the aquaculture and calculate the income based on the price of turbot on that day; calculate the profit rate through the ratio of profit to cost.

[0101] When the substitution ratio is 0%, the cost = seedling cost + feed cost + other costs = 2500 + 2574 + 3400 = 8474 yuan, the income = 211 * 50 = 10550 yuan, and the profit rate = (10550 - 8474) / 8474 = 24.49%;

[0102] When the substitution ratio is 26.1%, the cost = seedling cost + feed cost + other costs = 2500 + 2467 + 3400 = 8367 yuan, the income = 210.6 * 50 = 10530 yuan, and the profit rate = (10530 - 8367) / 8367 = 25.85%, and the profit rate has increased by 1.36%.

Claims

1. A screening method for the substitution ratio of alternative raw materials in animal feed, characterized in that, The steps of the method are as follows: Step 1: Select alternative raw materials that can replace high-price raw materials, prepare animal feeds with different replacement ratios, and feed the prepared animal feeds to animals; Step 2: Determine the breeding parameters: ① Determine the feed consumption of animals during the breeding period, and calculate the total feed consumption M during the breeding period = total feed usage, kg; ② Determine the replacement ratio x of the alternative raw material replacing the high-price raw material; ③ Determine the initial total weight and final total weight of the bred animals, and calculate the total weight gain N = final total weight - initial total weight, kg; ④ Determine the price A yuan / kg of the original feed; ⑤ Determine the price B yuan / kg of the high-price raw material in the feed; ⑥ Determine the price C yuan / kg of the alternative raw material used to replace the high-price raw material in the feed, where C < B; ⑦ According to the formula y = [A + 0.6×x×(B - C)]×M÷N, determine the judgment basis y for the fish meal replacement ratio; Step 3: Determine the replacement ratio: Let the value of y when the substitution ratio is 0 be y0, and the value of y when the substitution ratio is x be y x , then y x When < y0, then the substitution ratio x has economic value; y x When it is the lowest, the corresponding x is the optimal substitution ratio.

2. The screening method for the substitution ratio of substitute raw materials in an animal feed, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, When the number of set replacement ratios is not less than 3, use a cubic polynomial regression curve to fit the (x, y) data, where y represents the evaluation index and x represents the replacement ratio; determine the candidate x value by solving the local minimum point of this curve, and the x value corresponding to the range of 0 < x < 50 is the estimated optimal replacement ratio.

3. The screening method for the substitution ratio of alternative raw materials in an animal feed, according to claim 1, is characterized in that x is any value between 0% and 100%, where the replacement ratio of a single alternative protein source generally does not exceed 50%, and the replacement ratio of a composite alternative protein source generally does not exceed 75%.

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