A method for evaluating the suitability of sea use changes for offshore wind farm projects

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for evaluating the suitability of sea use changes for offshore wind farm projects, which relates to the technical field of marine spatial resource planning. The method collects basic marine environmental data for the project sea use area and systematically organizes it to obtain an environmental basic data set. Based on relevant data in the environmental basic data set, a spatial analysis model for the project sea use area is constructed using GIS technology to clarify the spatial distribution characteristics and mutual relationships of various marine environmental elements to simulate and analyze the impact of sea use changes. Based on the sea use characteristics and project requirements of the offshore wind farm, the method determines the suitability evaluation index for sea use changes to form an evaluation index system. By systematically collecting and organizing basic marine environmental data and constructing a spatial analysis model using GIS technology, the method can simulate and analyze the impact of sea use changes on the marine environment, helping to fully consider the carrying capacity of the marine environment, avoid serious environmental problems caused by sea use project changes, and achieve scientific planning of sea use changes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of marine space resource planning, and in particular to a method for evaluating suitability of sea use changes for offshore wind farm projects. Background Art

[0002] As global attention to climate change and energy security continues to increase, new energy industries are being vigorously developed. Wind power generation, as a clean and renewable energy source, is strongly supported. The requirements for marine ecological environmental protection are becoming more and more stringent. The sea areas where offshore wind power projects are located are usually an important part of the marine ecosystem. In terms of sea area use, the management and planning of marine resources are becoming increasingly strict. The use of sea areas by offshore wind farms needs to comply with relevant regulations and meet the requirements of marine functional zoning. Through the suitability evaluation of sea use changes, it can be ensured that the use of sea areas by offshore wind power projects complies with regulations and that marine space resources are developed and utilized in an orderly manner.

[0003] In the existing technology, the construction and operation of offshore wind farms is a long process. However, there are many uncertain factors in the marine environment, which will cause the suitability of the sea area after the change of sea use to change over time, affecting the subsequent construction and operation of the offshore wind farm. Therefore, how to use the basic data of the marine environment of the project sea area to construct a spatial analysis model and evaluate the changes in the suitability of the marine environment caused by the change of sea use of the project through spatial analysis is the problem to be solved by the present invention. To this end, a method for evaluating the suitability of offshore wind farm project sea use change is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a method for evaluating the suitability of sea area change for an offshore wind farm project, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A method for evaluating the suitability of sea area change for an offshore wind farm project comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1. Collect basic marine environmental data for the project's sea area, including hydrological, geological, and ecological data, and systematically organize them to ensure their accuracy and completeness, thereby obtaining a basic environmental data set;

[0008] S2. Based on the relevant data of the environmental basic dataset, a spatial analysis model of the project's sea area will be constructed using GIS technology to clarify the spatial distribution characteristics and interrelationships of various marine environmental elements in order to simulate and analyze the impact of changes in sea area use;

[0009] S3. Determine the evaluation indicators for sea use change suitability based on the sea use characteristics of the offshore wind farm and project requirements, and form an evaluation indicator system;

[0010] S4. Calibrate and validate the spatial analysis model using historical data and known cases, adjust model parameters, and ensure the accuracy and reliability of the model to meet actual application needs;

[0011] S5. Use the validated spatial analysis model, combined with the evaluation index system, to conduct a suitability evaluation of the marine environment after the project's sea use change, and analyze the impact of the sea use change on the marine environment;

[0012] S6. Based on the suitability assessment results, identify potential impact areas and output the assessment results in a visual form.

[0013] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: S1 specifically includes:

[0014] Clarify the scope of the project's sea area and determine the types of basic marine environmental data required for the project's sea area, including hydrological data (water depth, current velocity, tides, etc.), geological data (seabed geological type and stability, etc.), ecological data (marine organism species, distribution, habitat, etc.), and meteorological data (wind speed, wind direction, etc.), and then formulate a data collection plan to comprehensively collect the required data;

[0015] Systematically organize the collected data, classify and archive them according to data type, source and time, establish a data catalog to facilitate subsequent search and management, and pre-process the basic marine environmental data, including data cleaning and data standardization;

[0016] Establish a data quality review mechanism to verify the pre-processed marine environmental basic data. Verify the accuracy of the data by comparing data from different sources. If inconsistent data is found, conduct further investigation and verification, and integrate the verified data into a unified data set to form an environmental basic data set. The integrated data set is then stored in the database, recording the source of the data, collection time and processing method.

[0017] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: S2 specifically includes:

[0018] Based on the organized environmental basic data sets, we screen out data types suitable for GIS analysis and import them into the GIS platform for data format conversion and projection settings to ensure data spatial consistency;

[0019] A spatial analysis model framework was constructed within the GIS platform, defining the model boundaries, layer structure, and analysis scale. In the spatial analysis model, spatial interpolation and visualization were performed on hydrological, geological, ecological, and meteorological elements, clarifying the spatial distribution characteristics of each environmental element. Overlay analysis revealed the spatial correlation and interaction mechanisms among these elements.

[0020] According to the project's sea use change plan, the sea area environment status after the change is simulated in the spatial analysis model. By comparing the spatial distribution maps before and after the change, the specific impact of the sea use change on various elements of the sea area environment is analyzed, and then the impact scope of the sea use change is analyzed.

[0021] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the process of analyzing the impact range of the sea use change is:

[0022] Based on the project's sea use change plan, clarify the specific content and parameters of the change, including the layout of new offshore facilities and adjustments to submarine cable routes. Input the change parameters into the spatial analysis model on the GIS platform. Use the spatial analysis model to simulate the marine environment after the sea use change, and then output the simulation results in the form of a spatial distribution map.

[0023] Compare and analyze the spatial distribution map generated after the change with the spatial distribution map before the change. Through comparative analysis, identify the specific impacts of the sea use change on various elements of the marine environment, including both positive and negative impacts. Organize the results of the comparative analysis into a detailed impact analysis report, including the specific content, degree and scope of the impact;

[0024] Based on the results of the comparative analysis, the affected areas of the sea use change are determined. The scope of the affected areas is determined through buffer zone analysis, and a distribution map of the affected areas is generated. The area calculation function of the GIS platform is used to calculate the area of ​​the affected areas.

[0025] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: S3 specifically includes:

[0026] Analyze the specific needs and objectives of the offshore wind farm project and, based on the characteristics of the offshore wind farm's sea use, select evaluation indicators related to the suitability of sea use changes. These indicators cover multiple aspects, including ocean hydrological conditions, ocean geological conditions, marine ecological impacts, and resource utilization efficiency. These indicators include water depth, current velocity, seabed slope, distance to ecologically sensitive areas, loss of marine habitat, utilization rate of sea area, and installed capacity per unit area.

[0027] The selected evaluation indicators were systematically organized to construct a complete evaluation index system for sea use change suitability. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to determine the weight of each evaluation indicator, and then each evaluation indicator was standardized to ensure that indicators of different dimensions and magnitudes could be compared and integrated in the same evaluation system.

[0028] The constructed evaluation index system is verified through historical data and known cases, and the evaluation index system is applied to actual cases to evaluate its effectiveness and reliability. During the verification process, it is checked whether the index system can accurately reflect the actual impact of changes in sea use. According to the verification results, the evaluation index system is adjusted and optimized. If some evaluation indicators are found to be inapplicable or the weights are unreasonable, they are modified. After verification and adjustment, the evaluation index system for the suitability of sea use changes is finally determined to ensure that the system can comprehensively and accurately evaluate the suitability of changes in sea use for offshore wind farms.

[0029] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: S4 specifically includes:

[0030] Collect historical data and known sea use change cases similar to the project's sea use area from relevant databases, literature, and project reports. This includes marine environmental monitoring data from different periods and regions. Sea use change cases include sea use change plans, implementation processes, and the actual impacts after the changes. The collected historical data and sea use change cases are systematically organized and classified by time, region, and sea use change type to establish a data set and case library.

[0031] Input the collated historical data and known sea use change cases into the spatial analysis model, initialize the model parameter settings, run the model, and compare the model output results with the actual observations in the historical data. Through multiple iterations, adjust the model parameters so that the model output results gradually approach the actual situation, completing the preliminary calibration of the model. At the same time, use some known sea use change cases to conduct preliminary verification of the calibrated model to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the model under known conditions.

[0032] Select independent new historical data and sea use change cases, verify the calibrated model, compare the model prediction results with the actual observation results, evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the model, analyze the model verification results, and identify the deviations and deficiencies in the model. If there are significant differences between the model prediction results and the actual observation results, further investigate the reasons, optimize the model based on the verification results, and repeat the calibration and verification process until the model can accurately reflect the actual impact of sea use changes and meet actual application needs.

[0033] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: S5 specifically includes:

[0034] Collect and organize the latest data after the project's sea use change, organize and convert the relevant data according to the requirements of the evaluation index system, run the spatial analysis model, and simulate and analyze the sea area environment after the project's sea use change in combination with the evaluation index system to generate preliminary calculation results for various evaluation indicators;

[0035] Based on the constructed evaluation index system, corresponding reference values ​​and weights are set for each evaluation index. The suitability evaluation coefficient is calculated using the evaluation index data output by the model, combined with the reference values ​​and weights, to measure the suitability of the marine environment after the project's sea use change;

[0036] Based on the calculated suitability evaluation coefficient, the project sea area is divided into different suitability levels, namely high suitability level, medium suitability level and low suitability level, and the corresponding evaluation threshold is matched for each suitability level;

[0037] Combined with the divided suitability grades and suitability evaluation coefficients, the evaluation indicators that deviate from the corresponding reference values ​​are analyzed, the impact of changes in sea use on the marine environment is assessed, and whether the changes in sea use are feasible are judged.

[0038] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the calculation process of the suitability evaluation coefficient is:

[0039] Clarify the evaluation indicators in the evaluation index system, including water depth, current speed, seabed slope, distance to ecologically sensitive areas, area of ​​marine habitat loss, utilization rate of sea area, and installed capacity per unit area, and obtain the weight set for each evaluation indicator;

[0040] The actual value of each evaluation indicator is obtained through model simulation and analysis, and the reference value of each evaluation indicator set based on industry standards and historical cases is matched;

[0041] For each evaluation indicator, the reference value is subtracted from the actual value and the absolute value is removed to obtain the absolute deviation. The absolute deviation is then divided by the reference value to calculate the deviation ratio.

[0042] Calculate 1 plus the absolute deviation, then calculate 1 plus the natural logarithm of the absolute deviation and the square root of the absolute deviation, and divide the natural logarithm result by 1 plus the square root of the absolute deviation to obtain the logarithmic root combination term;

[0043] Multiply the deviation ratio by the logarithmic root combination term, subtract the product from 1 to obtain the deviation adjustment term, then multiply the weight of each evaluation indicator by its corresponding deviation adjustment term, and add the product results of all evaluation indicators to finally obtain the suitability evaluation coefficient.

[0044] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: S6 specifically includes:

[0045] Based on the suitability evaluation results and the deviation of each evaluation indicator, potential impact areas are identified and areas with low suitability evaluation coefficients are analyzed. At the same time, areas with abnormal trends in evaluation indicators are noted and included in the category of potential impact areas.

[0046] The suitability assessment results and potential impact area information are collated and formatted, and the project sea area is divided into regular grid cells. Each grid cell is assigned a corresponding suitability assessment coefficient and potential impact area identifier. At the same time, relevant geographic information data, including sea area boundaries, coastlines, and seabed topography, are collected as background information for visualization output. All data is then standardized to ensure that different types of data can be displayed in a coordinated and consistent manner during the visualization process.

[0047] The prepared data were visualized using GIS software. Based on the map, different colors were used to represent different suitability levels. High suitability levels were represented by green, medium suitability levels by yellow, and low suitability levels by red. Special markers were used to highlight potential impact areas, and a flashing effect was added based on the low suitability levels. At the same time, auxiliary elements such as legends, scales, and coordinate axes were added to enhance the readability and accuracy of the visualization results, ultimately outputting clear and intuitive visualization charts.

[0048] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following technical advancements compared to the prior art:

[0049] The present invention provides a method for evaluating the suitability of sea area use changes for offshore wind farm projects. By systematically collecting and organizing basic marine environmental data and constructing a spatial analysis model using GIS technology, the method can simulate and analyze the impact of sea area use changes on the marine environment. This method helps to fully consider the carrying capacity of the marine environment, avoid serious environmental problems caused by sea area use project changes, and achieve scientific planning of sea area use changes.

[0050] The present invention provides a method for evaluating the suitability of sea area use changes for offshore wind farm projects. By constructing a complete sea area use change suitability evaluation index system and using a spatial analysis model for simulation and analysis, it can accurately assess the suitability of the sea area environment after the project's sea area use change, help identify potential environmental risks, take preventive measures in advance, and ensure that the project's sea area use meets sustainable development requirements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments described in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0052] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the workflow of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] Example 1, as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the suitability of sea area change for an offshore wind farm project, comprising the following steps:

[0056] S1. Collect basic marine environmental data of the project's sea area, including hydrological, geological, ecological and other data, and organize them systematically to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the data, obtain a basic environmental data set, clarify the scope of the project's sea area, and determine the types of basic marine environmental data required for the project's sea area, including hydrological data (water depth, water flow velocity, tide, etc.), geological data (seabed geological type, stability, etc.), ecological data (marine organism species, distribution, habitat, etc.) and meteorological data (wind speed, wind direction, etc.), and then formulate a data collection plan to comprehensively collect the required data. The data sources include historical monitoring data, on-site survey data, satellite remote sensing data, marine functional zoning data, data released by relevant departments, etc. For the scope of the project's sea area, define the boundaries of the project's sea area based on the project planning documents, sea area functional zoning and actual geographical coordinates. , clarify its specific geographical location and scope, systematically organize the collected data, classify and archive them according to data type, source and time, establish a data catalog to facilitate subsequent search and management, and pre-process the basic data of the marine environment, including data cleaning and data standardization. Among them, conduct a preliminary inspection of the collected data, identify and remove erroneous data and outliers, convert data from different sources and dimensions into a unified format and dimension, establish a data quality review mechanism, verify the pre-processed basic data of the marine environment, verify the accuracy of the data by comparing data from different sources, and if inconsistent data is found, conduct further investigation and verification, and integrate the verified data of various types into a unified data set to form an environmental basic data set, and then store the integrated data set in the database, recording the source, collection time and processing method of the data;

[0057] S2. Based on the relevant data of the environmental basic data set, GIS technology is used to construct a spatial analysis model of the project's sea area, clarifying the spatial distribution characteristics and mutual relationships of various marine environmental elements to simulate and analyze the impact of sea use changes. Based on the organized environmental basic data set, data types suitable for GIS analysis are screened and imported into the GIS platform for data format conversion and projection settings to ensure data spatial consistency. A spatial analysis model framework is constructed in the GIS platform, defining the model boundary, layer structure, and analysis scale. In the spatial analysis model, spatial interpolation and visualization are performed on hydrological, geological, ecological, and meteorological elements respectively to clarify the spatial distribution characteristics of various environmental elements. Through overlay analysis, the spatial correlation and interaction mechanism between various elements are revealed. According to the project's sea use change plan, the state of the marine environment after the change is simulated in the spatial analysis model. By comparing the spatial distribution maps before and after the change, the specific impact of the sea use change on various marine environmental elements is analyzed, and then the scope of the impact of the sea use change is analyzed.

[0058] In addition, the process of analyzing the impact of changes in sea use is as follows:

[0059] According to the project's sea use change plan, clarify the specific content and parameters of the change, including the layout of new offshore facilities and adjustments to submarine cable routes. Input the change parameters into the spatial analysis model on the GIS platform. Use the spatial analysis model to simulate the marine environmental status after the sea use change, and then output the simulation results in the form of a spatial distribution map, including a water depth distribution map, a seabed geological type distribution map, and a marine habitat distribution map after the change. Compare and analyze the spatial distribution map generated by the simulation after the change with the spatial distribution map before the change. Through comparative analysis, identify the specific impacts of the sea use change on various elements of the marine environment, including positive and negative impacts. Organize the results of the comparative analysis into a detailed impact analysis report, including the specific content of the impact, the degree of impact, and the scope of the impact. Based on the results of the comparative analysis, determine the affected area of ​​the sea use change. Specifically, use a buffer zone analysis to determine the scope of the affected area, generate a distribution map of the affected area, and use the area calculation function of the GIS platform to calculate the area of ​​the affected area.

[0060] S3. Based on the sea use characteristics of the offshore wind farm and project requirements, determine the evaluation indicators for sea use change suitability, form an evaluation indicator system, analyze the specific needs and goals of the offshore wind farm project, including its construction scale (such as the number of wind turbines and installed capacity), layout form (such as wind turbine arrangement and submarine cable direction), operation mode (such as power generation duration and maintenance frequency), etc., and screen out evaluation indicators related to the suitability of sea use change based on the sea use characteristics of the offshore wind farm, covering multiple aspects such as marine hydrological conditions, marine geological conditions, marine ecological impacts, and resource utilization efficiency, including water depth, current velocity, seabed slope, distance to ecologically sensitive areas, area of ​​marine habitat loss, sea area utilization rate, and installed capacity per unit area. Among them, water depth is the vertical distance from the seabed to the sea surface in the project sea use area, which is accurately measured using equipment such as multi-beam bathymetry systems and is measured in meters (m). The suitable water depth for fixed-foundation offshore wind farms is generally between 0 and 100 km. 50m. The suitable water depth for floating foundation offshore wind farm is greater than 50m. The ocean current velocity is the distance the ocean current flows per unit time. It is measured in meters per second (m / s) in the project sea area through equipment such as current meters. Excessive ocean current velocity will increase the scouring and load on the wind turbine foundation. Generally, the ocean current velocity is required to be no more than 2m / s. The seabed slope uses water depth data to generate a seabed slope map and calculates the average slope of the sea area. The construction of offshore wind farms requires a smaller seabed slope to ensure the stability of the wind turbine foundation. The distance to the ecologically sensitive area is determined by determining the location and boundaries of the ecologically sensitive areas (marine nature reserves, marine habitats, etc.) around the sea area, and calculating the minimum distance between the sea area and the ecologically sensitive area. The loss area of ​​marine habitat is the area of ​​marine habitat reduction caused by the change in the project's sea use. Through marine ecological surveys, the scope and area of ​​the project's sea area and surrounding marine habitats are determined, and the habitat distribution before and after the change in sea use is compared to calculate the loss area in hectares (hm²). The smaller the loss area, the smaller the impact on the marine habitat. Generally, the loss area is required not to exceed 10% of the total sea area of ​​the project. The utilization rate of the sea area is calculated through The installed capacity per unit area is obtained by calculating the ratio of the actual sea area used by the project to the planned sea area, and the installed capacity per unit area is obtained by calculating the ratio of the total installed capacity of the project to the sea area, which reflects the resource utilization efficiency of the sea area. The higher the value, the higher the resource utilization efficiency. The screened evaluation indicators are systematically organized to construct a complete sea use change suitability evaluation index system to ensure that the index system structure is clear and logically reasonable, and can fully reflect the impact of sea use changes on the marine environment. The hierarchical analysis method (AHP) is used to determine the weight of each evaluation indicator, and then the evaluation indicators are standardized to ensure that indicators of different dimensions and magnitudes can be compared and integrated in the same evaluation system. The constructed evaluation index system is verified through historical data and known cases, and the evaluation index system is applied to actual cases to evaluate its effectiveness and reliability. During the verification process,Check whether the index system can accurately reflect the actual impact of the change in sea use, and adjust and optimize the evaluation index system based on the verification results. If it is found that some evaluation indicators are not applicable or the weights are unreasonable, they will be modified. After verification and adjustment, the final evaluation index system for sea use change suitability will be determined to ensure that the system can comprehensively and accurately evaluate the suitability of sea use change for offshore wind farms;

[0061] S4. Use historical data and known cases to calibrate and verify the spatial analysis model, adjust model parameters, ensure the accuracy and reliability of the model to meet actual application needs, collect historical data similar to the project's sea use area and known sea use change cases from relevant databases, literature and project reports, covering marine environmental monitoring data from different periods and regions. Sea use change cases include sea use change plans, implementation processes and the actual impact after the change. Systematically organize the collected historical data and sea use change cases, classify them according to time, region and sea use change type, establish a data set and case library, input the organized historical data and known sea use change cases into the spatial analysis model, initialize the model parameter settings, run the model, and compare the model output results with those in the historical data. The actual observation results are compared with the actual observation results. Through multiple iterations, the model parameters are adjusted so that the model output results gradually approach the actual situation, completing the preliminary calibration of the model. At the same time, some known sea use change cases are used to conduct preliminary verification of the calibrated model to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the model under known conditions. Independent new historical data and sea use change cases are selected to verify the calibrated model. The model prediction results are compared with the actual observation results to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the model. The model verification results are analyzed to identify the deviations and deficiencies in the model. If there is a significant difference between the model prediction results and the actual observation results, the cause is further investigated. Based on the verification results, the model is optimized and the calibration and verification process is repeated until the model can accurately reflect the actual impact of sea use changes and meet the actual application needs.

[0062] S5. Use the validated spatial analysis model, combined with the evaluation index system, to conduct a suitability evaluation of the marine environment after the project's sea use change, and analyze the impact of the sea use change on the marine environment;

[0063] S6. Based on the suitability assessment results, identify potential impact areas and output the assessment results in a visual form.

[0064] Example 2, as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown, based on Example 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: preferably, S5 specifically includes:

[0065] Collect and organize the latest data after the change of the project's sea use, organize and convert the relevant data after the change of the project's sea use according to the requirements of the evaluation index system, run the spatial analysis model, simulate and analyze the sea environment after the change of the project's sea use in combination with the evaluation index system, generate preliminary calculation results of various evaluation indicators, set corresponding reference values ​​and weights for each evaluation indicator based on the constructed evaluation index system, use the various evaluation index data output by the model, combine the reference values ​​and weights, calculate the suitability evaluation coefficient, measure the suitability of the sea environment after the change of the project's sea use, and use the calculated suitability evaluation coefficient to calculate the suitability of the project's sea environment. The sea area is divided into different suitability levels, namely high suitability level, medium suitability level and low suitability level, and a corresponding evaluation threshold is matched for each suitability level. Combined with the divided suitability levels and suitability evaluation coefficients, the evaluation indicators that deviate from the corresponding reference values ​​are analyzed to assess the impact of the sea use change on the marine environment and determine whether the sea use change is feasible. If the high suitability level accounts for a large proportion and the negative impact is controllable, the feasibility of the sea use change is high. If the low suitability level is too high or there is a serious negative impact, the sea use change plan needs to be reconsidered or effective measures need to be taken to reduce the adverse impact to ensure that the project's sea use meets the requirements of sustainable development;

[0066] In addition, the calculation process of the suitability evaluation coefficient is:

[0067] The evaluation index system should clearly include evaluation indicators such as water depth, current speed, seabed slope, distance to ecologically sensitive areas, area of ​​marine habitat loss, utilization rate of sea area, and installed capacity per unit area. The weight set for each evaluation indicator should be obtained. The actual value of each evaluation indicator should be obtained through model simulation and analysis. At the same time, the reference value of each evaluation indicator set based on industry standards and historical cases should be matched. For each evaluation indicator, the reference value should be subtracted from the actual value and the absolute value should be removed to obtain the absolute deviation. The absolute deviation should then be divided by the reference value to calculate the deviation ratio. 1 plus the absolute deviation should be calculated. The natural logarithm of 1 plus the absolute deviation and the square root of the absolute deviation should be calculated respectively. The natural logarithm result should be divided by 1 plus the square root of the absolute deviation to obtain a logarithmic root combination term. The deviation ratio should be multiplied by the logarithmic root combination term, and the product should be subtracted from 1 to obtain a deviation adjustment term. The weight of each evaluation indicator should be multiplied by its corresponding deviation adjustment term. The product results of all evaluation indicators should be added together to finally obtain the suitability evaluation coefficient.

[0068] The calculation expression of suitability evaluation coefficient is:

[0069] ;

[0070] Where S is the suitability evaluation coefficient, which is used to measure the suitability of the marine environment after the project's sea use change. The value range is between 0 and 1. The larger the value, the higher the suitability of the marine environment. n is the number of evaluation indicators, that is, the number of indicators included in the evaluation index system. n is a positive integer, and i is the serial number of the evaluation indicator. is the weight of the i-th evaluation index, reflecting the relative importance of the index in the overall evaluation. is the actual value of the i-th evaluation index, is the reference value of the i-th evaluation index;

[0071] Multiple suitability levels correspond to multiple evaluation thresholds one by one, and the corresponding relationships are as follows:

[0072] The evaluation threshold for high suitability level is: All evaluation indicators are close to or better than the reference values. The marine environmental conditions are very suitable for the project's sea use change, with minimal impact on the marine ecology and surrounding environment. After implementation, the project will be well coordinated with the surrounding environment.

[0073] The evaluation thresholds for the medium suitability level are: Some evaluation indicators deviate from the reference values ​​to a certain extent, but the overall marine environmental conditions can basically meet the requirements of the project's sea use change. The implementation of the project may have a certain impact on the marine environment, but it can be effectively controlled and alleviated by taking appropriate measures.

[0074] The evaluation threshold for low suitability level is: Most evaluation indicators deviate significantly from the reference values, and the marine environmental conditions are not suitable for the project's sea use change. The project implementation may have a significant negative impact on the marine ecology and surrounding environment, requiring a reassessment of the project's sea use change plan or the implementation of major improvement measures.

[0075] Among them, S is the suitability evaluation coefficient, is the lower threshold of the high suitability level and the upper threshold of the medium suitability level, is the lower threshold of the medium suitability level and the upper threshold of the low suitability level, =0.8, =0.5;

[0076] S6 specifically includes:

[0077] Based on the suitability assessment results and the deviations of each evaluation indicator, potential impact areas are identified and areas with low suitability evaluation coefficients are analyzed. At the same time, areas with abnormal trends in evaluation indicators are noted and included in the category of potential impact areas. The suitability assessment results and potential impact area information are organized and formatted, and the project sea area is divided into regular grid cells. Each grid cell is assigned a corresponding suitability evaluation coefficient and potential impact area identifier. At the same time, relevant geographic information data, including sea area boundaries, coastlines, and seabed topography, is collected as background information for visualization output. All data is then standardized to ensure that different types of data can be displayed in a coordinated and consistent manner during the visualization process. The prepared data is visualized using GIS software. Based on the map, different colors are used to represent different suitability levels. Among them, high suitability levels are represented by green, medium suitability levels by yellow, and low suitability levels by red. Potential impact areas are highlighted with special markers, and a flashing effect is added to low suitability levels. At the same time, auxiliary elements such as legends, scales, and coordinate axes are added to enhance the readability and accuracy of the visualization results, and finally a clear and intuitive visualization chart is output.

[0078] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the suitability of sea use changes for offshore wind farm projects, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Collect basic marine environmental data of the project's sea area and systematically organize it to obtain a basic environmental data set; S2. Based on the relevant data from the environmental basic dataset, a spatial analysis model of the project's sea area will be constructed using GIS technology to clarify the spatial distribution characteristics and interrelationships of various marine environmental elements in order to simulate and analyze the impact of changes in sea area use. Based on the compiled environmental basic dataset, data types suitable for GIS analysis will be selected and imported into the GIS platform for data format conversion and projection settings. A spatial analysis model framework was constructed within the GIS platform, defining the model boundaries, layer structure, and analysis scale. In the spatial analysis model, spatial interpolation and visualization were performed on hydrological, geological, ecological, and meteorological elements, clarifying the spatial distribution characteristics of each environmental element. Overlay analysis revealed the spatial correlation and interaction mechanisms among these elements. Based on the project's sea use change plan, simulate the marine environment status after the change in the spatial analysis model. By comparing the spatial distribution maps before and after the change, analyze the specific impact of the sea use change on various elements of the marine environment, and then analyze the scope of the impact of the sea use change; S3. Determine the evaluation indicators for sea use change suitability based on the sea use characteristics of the offshore wind farm and project requirements, and form an evaluation indicator system; S4. Calibrate and validate the spatial analysis model using historical data and known cases, and adjust model parameters; S5. Use the validated spatial analysis model, combined with the evaluation index system, to conduct a suitability evaluation of the marine environment after the project's sea use change, and analyze the impact of the sea use change on the marine environment; S6. Based on the suitability assessment results, identify potential impact areas and output the assessment results in a visual form.

2. The method for evaluating the suitability of sea area change for an offshore wind farm project according to claim 1, wherein: Said S1 specifically includes: Clarify the scope of the project's sea area and determine the types of basic marine environmental data required for the project's sea area, including hydrological data, geological data, ecological data, and meteorological data, and then formulate a data collection plan to comprehensively collect the required data; Systematically organize the collected data, classify and archive them according to data type, source and time, establish a data catalog, and pre-process the basic marine environmental data; Establish a data quality review mechanism to verify the pre-processed marine environmental basic data, verify the accuracy of the data by comparing data from different sources, and integrate the verified data into a unified data set to form an environmental basic data set. The integrated data set will then be stored in the database, recording the source of the data, collection time and processing method.

3. The method for evaluating the suitability of sea area change for an offshore wind farm project according to claim 1, wherein: The process of analyzing the impact of sea use changes is as follows: According to the project's sea use change plan, clarify the specific content and parameters of the change, and input the change parameters into the spatial analysis model on the GIS platform. Use the spatial analysis model to simulate the marine environment after the sea use change, and then output the simulation results in the form of a spatial distribution map; Compare and analyze the spatial distribution map generated by the simulation after the change with the spatial distribution map before the change. Through comparative analysis, identify the specific impacts of the sea use change on various elements of the marine environment, including both positive and negative impacts. Organize the results of the comparative analysis into a detailed impact analysis report; Based on the results of the comparative analysis, the affected areas of the sea use change are determined. The scope of the affected areas is determined through buffer zone analysis, and a distribution map of the affected areas is generated. The area calculation function of the GIS platform is used to calculate the area of ​​the affected areas.

4. The method for evaluating the suitability of sea area change for an offshore wind farm project according to claim 1, wherein: The S3 specifically includes: Analyze the specific needs and objectives of the offshore wind farm project and, based on the characteristics of the offshore wind farm's sea use, select evaluation indicators related to the suitability of sea use changes, including water depth, current velocity, seabed slope, distance to ecologically sensitive areas, loss of marine habitat, sea area utilization rate, and installed capacity per unit area; The selected evaluation indicators are systematically sorted out to build a complete evaluation indicator system for sea use change suitability. The weight of each evaluation indicator is determined by using the analytic hierarchy process, and then each evaluation indicator is standardized. The constructed evaluation index system is verified, applied to actual cases, its effectiveness and reliability are evaluated, and based on the verification results, the evaluation index system is adjusted and optimized. After verification and adjustment, the evaluation index system for sea use change suitability is finally determined.

5. The method for evaluating the suitability of sea area change for an offshore wind farm project according to claim 4, characterized in that: The S4 specifically includes: Collect historical data and known sea use change cases similar to the project's sea use area from relevant databases, literature, and project reports. This includes marine environmental monitoring data from different periods and regions. Sea use change cases include sea use change plans, implementation processes, and the actual impacts after the changes. The collected historical data and sea use change cases are systematically organized and classified by time, region, and sea use change type to establish a data set and case library. Input the collated historical data and known sea use change cases into the spatial analysis model, initialize the model parameter settings, run the model, and compare the model output results with the actual observations in the historical data. Through multiple iterations, adjust the model parameters so that the model output results gradually approach the actual situation, completing the preliminary calibration of the model. At the same time, use some known sea use change cases to conduct preliminary verification of the calibrated model. Select independent new historical data and sea use change cases, verify the calibrated model, compare the model prediction results with the actual observation results, analyze the model verification results, identify the deviations and deficiencies in the model, optimize the model based on the verification results, and repeat the calibration and verification process until the model accurately reflects the actual impact of sea use changes and meets actual application needs.

6. The method for evaluating the suitability of sea area change for an offshore wind farm project according to claim 5, characterized in that: The S5 specifically includes: Collect and organize the latest data after the project's sea use change, organize and convert the relevant data according to the requirements of the evaluation index system, run the spatial analysis model, and simulate and analyze the sea area environment after the project's sea use change in combination with the evaluation index system to generate preliminary calculation results for various evaluation indicators; According to the constructed evaluation index system, corresponding reference values ​​and weights are set for each evaluation index. The suitability evaluation coefficient is calculated by combining the evaluation index data output by the model with the reference values ​​and weights. Based on the calculated suitability evaluation coefficient, the project sea area is divided into different suitability levels, namely high suitability level, medium suitability level and low suitability level, and the corresponding evaluation threshold is matched for each suitability level; Combined with the divided suitability grades and suitability evaluation coefficients, the evaluation indicators that deviate from the corresponding reference values ​​are analyzed, the impact of changes in sea use on the marine environment is assessed, and whether the changes in sea use are feasible are judged.

7. The method for evaluating the suitability of sea area change for an offshore wind farm project according to claim 6, characterized in that: The calculation process of the suitability evaluation coefficient is as follows: Clarify the evaluation indicators in the evaluation index system, including water depth, current speed, seabed slope, distance to ecologically sensitive areas, area of ​​marine habitat loss, utilization rate of sea area, and installed capacity per unit area, and obtain the weight set for each evaluation indicator; The actual value of each evaluation indicator is obtained through model simulation and analysis, and the reference value of each evaluation indicator is matched at the same time; For each evaluation indicator, the reference value is subtracted from the actual value and the absolute value is removed to obtain the absolute deviation. The absolute deviation is then divided by the reference value to calculate the deviation ratio. Calculate 1 plus the absolute deviation, then calculate 1 plus the natural logarithm of the absolute deviation and the square root of the absolute deviation, and divide the natural logarithm result by 1 plus the square root of the absolute deviation to obtain the logarithmic root combination term; Multiply the deviation ratio by the logarithmic root combination term, subtract the product from 1 to obtain the deviation adjustment term, then multiply the weight of each evaluation indicator by its corresponding deviation adjustment term, and add the product results of all evaluation indicators to finally obtain the suitability evaluation coefficient.

8. The method for evaluating the suitability of sea area change for an offshore wind farm project according to claim 7, characterized in that: The S6 specifically includes: Based on the suitability evaluation results and the deviation of each evaluation indicator, potential impact areas are identified and areas with low suitability evaluation coefficients are analyzed. At the same time, areas with abnormal trends in evaluation indicators are noted and included in the category of potential impact areas. The suitability assessment results and potential impact area information are collated and formatted, and the project sea area is divided into regular grid cells. Each grid cell is assigned a corresponding suitability assessment coefficient and potential impact area identifier. At the same time, relevant geographic information data is collected as background information for visualization output, and all data is then standardized. The prepared data were visualized using GIS software. Based on the map, different colors were used to represent different suitability levels. High suitability levels were represented by green, medium suitability levels by yellow, and low suitability levels by red. Special markers were used to highlight potential impact areas, and a flashing effect was added based on the low suitability levels. At the same time, auxiliary elements such as legends, scales, and coordinate axes were added to finally output clear and intuitive visualization charts.

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