An ultrafast laser modulation and pulse shaping system based on carbon nanotube array

Abstract

This invention relates to an ultrafast laser modulation and pulse shaping system based on a carbon nanotube array, comprising: a first carbon nanotube array structure module, a nonlinear modulation module, a second carbon nanotube array structure module, a pulse shaping module, an optical input module, and an output coupling module; the first carbon nanotube array structure module is connected to the nonlinear modulation module; the second carbon nanotube array structure module is connected to the pulse shaping module; both the nonlinear modulation module and the pulse shaping module are connected to the optical input module; and the optical input module is connected to the output coupling module. This invention uses a highly oriented carbon nanotube array as the core nonlinear optical modulation medium, utilizing its self-saturating absorption effect, multiphoton absorption effect, and nonlinear refractive index to achieve efficient modulation and optimized shaping of ultrashort pulse lasers. It can be widely applied in ultrafast laser processing, optical communication, quantum optics, and other fields, providing a new solution for the development of next-generation ultrafast laser technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ultrafast laser and pulse shaping technology, and in particular to an ultrafast laser modulation and pulse shaping system based on carbon nanotube arrays. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of ultrafast laser technology, femtosecond (fs) and picosecond (ps) ultrashort pulse lasers have been widely used in precision machining, ultrafast spectral analysis, and ultra-high-speed optical communication. However, to achieve high-quality ultrashort pulse output, it is necessary to precisely control the amplitude, phase, frequency, and temporal characteristics of the laser to optimize its spatiotemporal properties and improve the stability and modulation capability of the system.

[0003] Currently, mainstream laser pulse modulation and shaping methods include fiber Bragg gratings, saturable absorbers (such as SESAMs), spatial light modulators (SLMs), and nonlinear optical crystals. However, these methods suffer from the following technical bottlenecks:

[0004] (1) Although SESAM (saturable semiconductor absorber) is widely used in ultrafast laser mode-locking, its recovery time is long (in the picosecond range), modulation depth is limited, and it is easily damaged, which limits the application of high-power laser systems.

[0005] (2) Spatial light modulators (SLMs) have good dynamic control capabilities, but they have problems such as slow response speed, large optical loss and insufficient nonlinear control capabilities, making it difficult to meet the precise control requirements of ultrashort pulse lasers.

[0006] (3) Fiber-based modulation schemes, such as fiber Bragg gratings, can broaden and compress pulses, but their spectral modulation capabilities are limited and they are easily affected by environmental disturbances (temperature, mechanical vibration), resulting in a decrease in the stability of the output pulse.

[0007] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide an ultrafast laser modulation and pulse shaping system based on carbon nanotube arrays, which solves the problems of slow response speed, insufficient nonlinear modulation capability and poor system stability in the prior art, thereby realizing high-power, broadband and high-stability ultrashort pulse laser output.

[0009] This invention provides an ultrafast laser modulation and pulse shaping system based on a carbon nanotube array, comprising: a first carbon nanotube array structure module, a nonlinear modulation module, a second carbon nanotube array structure module, a pulse shaping module, an optical input module, and an output coupling module; the first carbon nanotube array structure module is connected to the nonlinear modulation module; the second carbon nanotube array structure module is connected to the pulse shaping module; both the nonlinear modulation module and the pulse shaping module are connected to the optical input module; and the optical input module is connected to the output coupling module.

[0010] Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), as a novel nonlinear optical material, possess ultrafast carrier relaxation time (less than 200 fs), high nonlinear refractive index (greater than 10⁻¹¹ cm² / W), broadband optical absorption (covering 0.8–2.5 μm), and a high optical damage threshold (greater than 1 J / cm²). In particular, carbon nanotube arrays, due to their controllable structural arrangement, can achieve highly tunable nonlinear optical effects, greatly enhancing the controllability of ultrafast lasers.

[0011] Preferably, the first carbon nanotube array structure module and the second carbon nanotube array structure module are arranged in a vertical or horizontal orientation, respectively, and a high degree of orientation is achieved through electrostatic assembly or solution deposition.

[0012] Preferably, the first carbon nanotube array structure module and the second carbon nanotube array structure module are made of single-walled carbon nanotubes or multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and the surface of the carbon nanotubes is functionalized.

[0013] Preferably, the nonlinear modulation module utilizes the self-saturation absorption effect and multiphoton absorption effect of the carbon nanotubes in the first carbon nanotube array structure module to modulate the input laser.

[0014] Preferably, the pulse shaping module provides femtosecond-level time shaping capability based on the anisotropic optical properties of the carbon nanotube array in the second carbon nanotube array structure module.

[0015] Preferably, the optical input module is used to input ultrafast laser pulses.

[0016] Preferably, the wavelength range of the ultrafast laser pulse input to the optical input module is 800-2000 nm, and the pulse width is less than 200 fs.

[0017] Preferably, the output coupling module is connected to the application system.

[0018] Preferably, it further includes: an intelligent control module; the intelligent control module is connected to the pulse shaping module and the optical input module, and the intelligent control module optimizes the shape and power of the laser pulse based on machine learning algorithms to achieve adaptive optimization modulation.

[0019] Preferably, it further includes: a laser source, the laser source being used to input laser light, the laser source including any one or more of a mode-locked laser, a fiber laser, a solid-state laser, or a semiconductor laser.

[0020] The advantages of the ultrafast laser modulation and pulse shaping system based on carbon nanotube arrays provided by this invention are as follows:

[0021] Ultrafast response speed: The carrier relaxation time using carbon nanotubes is less than 200 fs, which is better than the traditional SESAM technology (in the picosecond range).

[0022] High nonlinear optical modulation capability: Through the nonlinear absorption and refractive index modulation of carbon nanotubes, the saturation absorption modulation depth can reach 30%.

[0023] Wide spectral adaptability: Suitable for ultrafast laser bands of 800–2000nm, covering optical communication and infrared applications.

[0024] High power tolerance: The photodamage threshold of the carbon nanotube array structure can reach 1 J / cm², which is superior to traditional graphene and SESAM technology.

[0025] High stability and low loss: System parameters are optimized through intelligent control algorithms to achieve long-term stable operation.

[0026] Output power fluctuation is less than ±1%, and system optical loss is less than 0.5dB.

[0027] In summary, this invention employs a highly oriented carbon nanotube array as the core nonlinear optical modulation medium, utilizing its self-saturating absorption effect, multiphoton absorption effect, and nonlinear refractive index to achieve efficient modulation and optimized shaping of ultrashort pulse lasers in the 800–2000 nm wavelength range. Compared to traditional SESAM (saturable semiconductor absorber) and fiber grating technologies, this invention exhibits significant advantages in mode-locking stability, response speed, optical damage threshold (>1 J / cm²), and spectral adaptability. This invention can be widely applied in ultrafast laser processing, optical communication, quantum optics, precision measurement, and other fields, providing a new solution for the development of next-generation ultrafast laser technology. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the ultrafast laser modulation and pulse shaping system based on carbon nanotube array provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a front view of the carbon nanotube array provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 A top view of the carbon nanotube array provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a single carbon nanotube provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 The above are measured images of laser pulse morphology without the shaping method described in this invention.

[0034] Figure 6 The image shows the measured shape of the laser pulse after shaping using the present invention.

[0035] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. First carbon nanotube array structure module; 2. Nonlinear modulation module; 3. Pulse shaping module; 4. Second carbon nanotube array structure module; 5. Optical input module; 6. Intelligent control module; 7. Application system; 8. Output coupling module; 41. Carbon nanotube. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0038] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Furthermore, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly; for example, they may refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they may refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they may refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they may refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0039] Example

[0040] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this embodiment provides an ultrafast laser modulation and pulse shaping system based on a carbon nanotube array, including: a first carbon nanotube array structure module 1, a nonlinear modulation module 2, a second carbon nanotube array structure module 4, a pulse shaping module 3, an optical input module 5, and an output coupling module 8; the first carbon nanotube array structure module 1 is connected to the nonlinear modulation module 2; the second carbon nanotube array structure module 4 is connected to the pulse shaping module 3; both the nonlinear modulation module 2 and the pulse shaping module 3 are connected to the optical input module 5; the optical input module 5 is connected to the output coupling module 8. A highly oriented carbon nanotube (CNT) array is used as the core nonlinear optical modulation medium, utilizing its self-saturating absorption effect, multiphoton absorption effect, and nonlinear refractive index to achieve efficient modulation and optimized shaping of ultrashort pulse lasers in the 800–2000 nm wavelength range.

[0041] In this embodiment, the first carbon nanotube array structure module 1 and the second carbon nanotube array structure module 4 are composed of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The diameter of the carbon nanotubes 41 ranges from 0.8 to 2.5 nm, the array spacing is 50 to 200 nm, and the length is 1 to 50 μm. They are prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or solution assembly to provide high nonlinear optical modulation capability.

[0042] In this embodiment, the carbon nanotube array is arranged vertically or horizontally, achieving high orientation accuracy through electrostatic assembly or solution deposition, with an orientation error not exceeding ±5°. Furthermore, the carbon nanotube array can be integrated into an optical waveguide structure, achieving a waveguide loss of less than 0.1 dB / cm, thus improving the system's integration and stability.

[0043] In this embodiment, the surface of carbon nanotube 41 is functionalized by nitrogen doping, boron doping or covalent bond modification to improve optical nonlinearity and environmental stability.

[0044] In this embodiment, the optical input module 5 is used to input ultrafast laser pulses with a wavelength range of 800-2000nm, a pulse width of less than 200fs, and a pulse repetition frequency as high as 1THz.

[0045] In this embodiment, the nonlinear modulation module 2 utilizes the self-saturation absorption effect and multiphoton absorption effect of carbon nanotubes to modulate the input laser. The saturation absorption modulation depth can reach 20%-30%, and the nonlinear refractive index is greater than 1×10⁻¹¹cm² / W.

[0046] In this embodiment, the pulse shaping module 3 provides femtosecond-level time shaping capability based on the anisotropic optical properties of carbon nanotube arrays, with a pulse compression ratio of up to 10:1 and an adjustable pulse width range of 10-200 fs.

[0047] In this embodiment, the output coupling module 8 is used to output the modulated and shaped ultrafast laser pulse to the application system 7. The power stability of the output laser is better than ±1%, and the optical loss is less than 0.5dB.

[0048] The system in this embodiment is controlled by an intelligent control module 6. The intelligent control module 6 is connected to the pulse shaping module 3 and the optical input module 5. The intelligent control module 6 optimizes the shape and power of the laser pulse based on machine learning algorithms to achieve adaptive optimization modulation, and the calculation response time is less than 1ms.

[0049] The system in this embodiment is used for a mode-locked laser and can achieve mode-locked output with a center wavelength of 1030 nm, 1550 nm or 1950 nm, and the pulse width can be compressed to less than 50 fs.

[0050] This embodiment employs a highly oriented carbon nanotube (CNT) array as the core nonlinear optical modulation medium, utilizing its self-saturating absorption effect, multiphoton absorption effect, and nonlinear refractive index to achieve efficient modulation and optimized shaping of ultrashort pulse lasers in the 800–2000 nm wavelength range. This invention features a pulse compression ratio of 10:1, a pulse broadening modulation range of 10–200 fs, a saturating absorption modulation depth of 20%–30%, and a nonlinear refractive index greater than 1 × 10⁻¹¹ cm² / W, enabling stable operation in high-power, high-repetition-rate (up to 100 GHz) ultrafast laser systems. Compared to traditional SESAM (saturable semiconductor absorber) and fiber Bragg grating technologies, this invention offers significant advantages in mode-locking stability, response speed, optical damage threshold (>1 J / cm²), and spectral adaptability. This invention overcomes the bottlenecks of existing technologies in response speed, nonlinear modulation capability, and spectral adaptability, and can be widely applied in ultrafast laser processing, optical communication, quantum optics, precision measurement, and other fields, providing a new solution for the development of next-generation ultrafast laser technology.

[0051] The ultrafast laser modulation and pulse shaping system based on carbon nanotube arrays provided in this embodiment can adjust the chirp effect of laser pulses, with a chirp adjustment range of -50 fs² to +50 fs². The system is optimized for power stability; the output pulse stability change is less than ±0.1% when the ambient temperature changes by ±5°C. The system supports high repetition rate laser pulse modulation, achieving GHz-level mode-locked laser output with a maximum repetition rate of up to 100 GHz. The system is suitable for mode-locked lasers, enabling mode-locked output with center wavelengths of 1030 nm, 1550 nm, or 1950 nm, and the pulse width can be compressed to less than 50 fs. Furthermore, the system is compatible with fiber lasers, solid-state lasers, and semiconductor lasers, making it suitable for ultrafast pulse shaping of different laser sources.

[0052] In summary, the ultrafast laser modulation and pulse shaping system based on carbon nanotube arrays provided by this invention has significant novelty in the following aspects:

[0053] (1) Material innovation: Carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays are used as the core modulation medium. Compared with traditional semiconductor saturable absorbers (SESAM) and fiber Bragg gratings (FBG), CNTs have a faster nonlinear response time (<200fs), a higher optical damage threshold (>1J / cm²), and tunable nonlinear optical properties.

[0054] (2) Structural optimization: A highly oriented CNT array structure (array spacing 50–200 nm, length 1–50 μm) is adopted. By adjusting the array arrangement, the nonlinear modulation performance is optimized. Compared with randomly distributed CNT composite films, the nonlinear optical modulation depth (20%–30%) and spectral adaptability (800–2000 nm) are improved.

[0055] (3) System integration: It is not limited to a single mode-locked laser, but is also compatible with fiber lasers, solid-state lasers and semiconductor lasers. It also achieves adaptive modulation through intelligent control modules, thereby improving the stability and scalability of the system.

[0056] This invention represents a groundbreaking technological advancement in the field of ultrafast laser modulation and pulse shaping, primarily in the following aspects:

[0057] (1) Innovative optical nonlinear modulation method: Traditional SESAM technology has defects such as limited modulation depth, slow response time and low optical damage threshold. However, this invention utilizes the highly tunable nonlinear optical properties of CNT to achieve a wider (800–2000 nm), faster (<200 fs) and more stable ultrafast laser modulation method.

[0058] (2) Innovative pulse shaping capability: This invention not only realizes ultrafast mode-locked laser modulation, but also realizes pulse broadening (10–200 fs) and pulse compression (ratio 10:1) through the anisotropic optical properties of carbon nanotube array, and can precisely control the pulse shape without affecting the pulse energy.

[0059] (3) Innovative intelligent control module: Combining machine learning algorithms, it realizes adaptive optimization modulation and can dynamically adjust the CNT nonlinear effect in different power ranges to adapt to different laser systems, making it more intelligent and flexible than traditional SESAM.

[0060] (4) Innovative carbon nanotube array fabrication process: Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or electrostatic assembly method is used to make the carbon nanotube array have a higher degree of orientation (error less than ±5°). Compared with randomly distributed CNT composite films, the stability and optical uniformity of the system are improved, and the consistency problem of traditional CNT composite materials in optical applications is solved.

[0061] This invention has good prospects for industrialization and practical value, specifically reflected in the following aspects:

[0062] (1) Applicable to ultrafast laser processing systems: It can be applied to ultrafast laser micromachining and high-precision nanomachining (such as SiC wafers, MEMS sensor manufacturing, etc.) to improve processing accuracy and stability and meet the needs of industrial production.

[0063] (2) Application in high-speed optical communication systems: The ultrafast laser modulation and pulse shaping technology of the present invention is applicable to the modulation of ultrashort pulse signals in optical fiber communication systems, which can improve the data transmission rate, reduce energy consumption, and contribute to the development of 6G and next-generation optical communication.

[0064] (3) It can be used in high-power laser systems: Since CNT has a high optical damage threshold (>1J / cm²), the present invention is applicable to high-power laser systems, which can improve the durability of fiber lasers and solid-state lasers, and has a wide range of applications in the fields of national defense, aerospace, and optical precision instruments.

[0065] (4) Compatible with existing laser systems and easy to integrate: The CNT array of the present invention is compatible with existing fiber lasers, solid-state lasers and semiconductor lasers, and supports optical waveguide integration (optical loss is less than 0.1dB / cm), which facilitates industrialization and promotion.

[0066] (5) Intelligent control to improve the stability of the laser system: The intelligent control module enables the laser system to automatically adjust the pulse shape under different environmental conditions, improve the long-term operation stability (power fluctuation < ±1%), reduce human intervention, and improve the reliability and service life of the equipment.

[0067] Test case

[0068] This experimental example illustrates the invention in detail using a specific implementation of the ultrafast laser modulation and pulse shaping system based on carbon nanotube arrays provided in the embodiments.

[0069] Laser source: An erbium-doped fiber laser with a center wavelength of 1550nm is used, with an initial output pulse width of 200fs and a repetition frequency of 50MHz.

[0070] Carbon nanotube array structure (first carbon nanotube array structure module 1, second carbon nanotube array structure module 4): Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with a diameter of 1.2±0.3nm and a length of 5-20μm are used. Highly oriented CNT arrays (array spacing 100nm, thickness 500nm) are prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Surface modification is performed by nitrogen plasma treatment to enhance nonlinear optical response.

[0071] Nonlinear modulation module 2: The first carbon nanotube array structure module 1 is placed in a double convex lens structure to enhance the optical interaction between the laser and CNTs. Polarization control technology is used for adjustment to optimize the modulation depth of the laser.

[0072] Pulse shaping module 3: It adopts a chirped compensation-based grating pair structure to compress and broaden the output pulse, and monitors the changes in laser pulse shape through an optical frequency comb measurement system.

[0073] Output coupling module 8: A 50 / 50 fiber beam splitter is used to guide the modulated ultrashort pulse laser to the spectrometer and photodetector for performance measurement.

[0074] The key experimental results of this case are as follows:

[0075] (1) Nonlinear optical response measurement

[0076] The saturation absorption modulation depth of the CNT array reaches 23%, significantly higher than that of traditional SESAM (~15%). The nonlinear refractive index of carbon nanotubes is measured to be 1.5×10⁻¹¹cm² / W, which is twice higher than that of fiber Bragg gratings, and the optical damage threshold is >1.2J / cm², far exceeding that of graphene saturable absorbers (0.5J / cm²).

[0077] (2) Optimization of ultrafast laser mode-locking performance

[0078] Under CNT array modulation, the mode-locked laser pulse width is compressed from 200 fs to 65 fs, achieving a pulse compression ratio of 3:1. Figure 6 As shown, the 65fs pulse (modulated by carbon nanotubes) exhibits a sharp pulse width (65fs), a clean temporal profile, and noise levels below 1%, demonstrating the high-precision pulse compression and sidelobe suppression capabilities of the carbon nanotube array. Figure 5 As shown, a 200fs pulse (the original pulse before modulation) exhibits a 3-fold pulse width widening, time-domain waveform distortion with 5% noise, and significant sidelobes and phase distortion, reflecting the shortcomings of traditional modulation techniques. The above results demonstrate that carbon nanotube arrays compress the pulse width to 65fs (improving time resolution by a factor of 3), while simultaneously eliminating sidelobes and reducing noise, thus solving the problems of time-domain widening and waveform distortion in the original pulse.

[0079] After optimization by pulse shaping module 3, the time chirp of the output pulse is controlled within ±40fs².

[0080] Measurements using an optical frequency comb demonstrate that the output laser pulse has good stability (long-term power drift <1%).

[0081] (3) Pulse shaping capability test

[0082] Tests were conducted on laser pulses of different powers. Within the laser input power range of 5–200mW, the output pulse width remained stable, indicating that the CNT array has strong power adaptability.

[0083] The modulation characteristics of the CNT array were tested in a GHz-level repetition frequency laser, and it was found that it supports ultrashort pulse output with a repetition frequency of up to 100 GHz, which is more than 10 times higher than that of the traditional SESAM.

[0084] The experimental results demonstrate that carbon nanotube arrays can significantly improve the modulation depth of ultrafast lasers and optimize the laser pulse shape, making them ideal saturable absorber materials for high-power laser systems. Compared to traditional SESAM and fiber Bragg grating technologies, this experimental system exhibits significant advantages in response speed, mode-locking stability, and spectral adaptability, and can be widely applied in ultrafast laser processing, optical communication, quantum optics, and other fields. Furthermore, the experimental results show that CNT arrays not only possess high nonlinear optical response in ultrafast laser systems but also effectively enhance pulse shaping capabilities, achieving more stable, high-power, and high-repetition-rate ultrashort pulse output, providing new insights for the development of next-generation ultrafast laser technology.

[0085] In summary, this invention employs a highly oriented carbon nanotube (CNT) array as the core nonlinear optical modulation medium, utilizing its self-saturating absorption effect, multiphoton absorption effect, and nonlinear refractive index to achieve efficient modulation and optimized shaping of ultrashort pulse lasers in the 800–2000 nm wavelength range. This invention features a pulse compression ratio of 10:1, a pulse broadening modulation range of 10–200 fs, a saturating absorption modulation depth of 20%–30%, and a nonlinear refractive index greater than 1 × 10⁻¹¹ cm² / W, enabling stable operation in high-power, high-repetition-rate (up to 100 GHz) ultrafast laser systems. Compared to traditional SESAM (saturable semiconductor absorber) and fiber Bragg grating technologies, this invention offers significant advantages in mode-locking stability, response speed, optical damage threshold (>1 J / cm²), and spectral adaptability. This invention can be widely applied in ultrafast laser processing, optical communication, quantum optics, precision measurement, and other fields, providing a new solution for the development of next-generation ultrafast laser technology.

[0086] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ultrafast laser modulation and pulse shaping system based on a carbon nanotube array, characterized in that, include: The module consists of a first carbon nanotube array structure module, a nonlinear modulation module, a second carbon nanotube array structure module, a pulse shaping module, an optical input module, and an output coupling module. The first carbon nanotube array structure module is connected to the nonlinear modulation module; the second carbon nanotube array structure module is connected to the pulse shaping module; both the nonlinear modulation module and the pulse shaping module are connected to the optical input module; the optical input module is connected to the output coupling module; the surface of the carbon nanotubes is functionalized using nitrogen doping, boron doping, or covalent bonding; the optical input module is used to input ultrafast laser pulses, the wavelength range of which is 800-2000 nm, the pulse width is less than 200 fs, and the repetition frequency can reach 100 GHz; the first and second carbon nanotube array structure modules are arranged vertically or horizontally, respectively, and high orientation is achieved through electrostatic assembly or solution deposition; the first carbon nanotube array structure module uses multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and the second carbon nanotube array structure module uses single-walled carbon nanotubes; the nonlinear modulation module utilizes the self-saturating absorption effect and multiphoton absorption effect of the carbon nanotubes in the first carbon nanotube array structure module to modulate the input laser. The pulse shaping module provides femtosecond-level time shaping capability based on the anisotropic optical properties of the carbon nanotube array in the second carbon nanotube array structure module.

2. The ultrafast laser modulation and pulse shaping system based on carbon nanotube arrays according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output coupling module is connected to the application system.

3. The ultrafast laser modulation and pulse shaping system based on carbon nanotube array according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: Intelligent control module; The intelligent control module is connected to the pulse shaping module and the optical input module. The intelligent control module optimizes the shape and power of the laser pulse based on machine learning algorithms to achieve adaptive optimization modulation.

4. The ultrafast laser modulation and pulse shaping system based on carbon nanotube array according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A laser source, the laser source being used to input laser light, the laser source comprising any one or more of a mode-locked laser, a fiber laser, a solid-state laser, or a semiconductor laser.

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