Adaptive energy-capturing intelligent spacer

Abstract

The application discloses an adaptive energy-capturing intelligent spacer, which can capture vibration energy in the environment to supply power for a monitoring module, and avoids the situation that the monitoring module cannot work due to insufficient power. The adaptive energy-capturing intelligent spacer comprises a support, a rotating shaft, a power generation module and a monitoring module; the power generation module comprises a first friction power generation unit, a second friction power generation unit and a swing body; the first friction power generation unit comprises at least one first electrode assembly and at least one second electrode assembly, the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly can contact and / or separate each other to generate a first electric signal; the second friction power generation unit comprises a stator assembly and a rotor assembly, the stator assembly is fixedly installed on the support, and the rotor assembly is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft; under the action of external force, the swing body swings around the rotating shaft to drive the first friction power generation unit to generate the first electric signal, and the rotor assembly is driven to rotate relative to the stator assembly and rub to generate a second electric signal.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of power transmission equipment, and in particular to a self-adaptive energy-capturing intelligent spacer. BACKGROUND

[0002] A power transmission line is a key to maintaining the stability and reliable operation of a power system. However, the long mileage and complex environment of the power transmission line bring great challenges to the safe maintenance of the power transmission line. It is an effective solution to monitor the operation state of the power transmission line by installing a wireless power sensor on the power transmission line. However, the wireless power sensor is powered by a battery, and the battery needs to be replaced regularly. Since the power transmission line is erected in the air and is affected by the environment, it is difficult to replace the battery in the air. Therefore, it is urgent to provide a monitoring device capable of self-power supply. SUMMARY

[0003] The self-adaptive energy-capturing intelligent spacer provided by the application can self-power supply for a monitoring module.

[0004] The self-adaptive energy-capturing intelligent spacer provided by the application is installed on a high-voltage power transmission line and comprises a support, a rotating shaft, a power generation module and a monitoring module. The power generation module is used to power the monitoring module. The power generation module is installed on the support. The power generation module comprises a first friction power generation unit, a second friction power generation unit and at least one oscillating body. The oscillating body is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft. The first friction power generation unit and the oscillating body are arranged in a first direction. The second friction power generation unit and the oscillating body are arranged in a second direction. The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction and perpendicular to the direction of gravity. The second direction is the axial direction of the rotating shaft. The first friction power generation unit comprises at least one first electrode assembly and at least one second electrode assembly. The at least one first electrode assembly and the at least one second electrode assembly can contact and / or separate each other to generate a first electric signal. The second friction power generation unit comprises a stator assembly and a rotor assembly. The stator assembly is fixedly installed on the support. The rotor assembly is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft. Under the action of an external force, the oscillating body oscillates around the rotating shaft to drive the first friction power generation unit to generate the first electric signal. In addition, the oscillating body oscillates around the rotating shaft to drive the rotor assembly to rotate relative to the stator assembly and generate a second electric signal by friction.

[0005] In the above embodiment, the external force can be a wind-induced force. The swing body can drive the first and second friction power generation units to generate electric signals to power the monitoring module, thereby monitoring the icing state of the power transmission line, avoiding the situation that the monitoring module cannot work due to insufficient power, and solving the problem that it is inconvenient to replace the battery of the monitoring module in a harsh environment. The first and second friction power generation units are triboelectric generators, which can respond to and capture the energy generated by the galloping of the power transmission line to realize the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0006] In an embodiment, the swing body comprises a swing main body and a mass block fixedly arranged on the swing main body, and the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the swing main body, and the mass block is located on the circumferential side of the rotating shaft.

[0007] In an embodiment, the first electrode assembly comprises a first substrate, a first electrode and a first dielectric layer arranged in sequence; the second electrode assembly comprises a second substrate and a second electrode arranged in sequence, and the first substrate and the second substrate are connected, and when the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly contact each other, the first dielectric layer and the second electrode are attached to each other.

[0008] In an embodiment, the first electrode assembly comprises a first substrate, a first electrode and a first dielectric layer arranged in sequence; the second electrode assembly comprises a second substrate, a second electrode and a second dielectric layer arranged in sequence, and the first substrate and the second substrate are connected, and when the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly contact each other, the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are attached to each other.

[0009] In an embodiment, the first friction power generation unit further comprises a reset member, which is used to separate or approach the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly.

[0010] In an embodiment, the first friction power generation unit is fixedly installed on the swing body; or the first friction power generation unit is fixedly installed on the support.

[0011] In an embodiment, the stator assembly comprises a first surface and a second surface, and the first surface and the second surface have a height difference in the second direction; the rotor assembly comprises a plurality of rotor blades, each of which comprises a rotor substrate and a rotor dielectric layer arranged on the rotor substrate; the distance L1 between the first surface and the rotor substrate and the distance L2 between the second surface and the rotor substrate satisfy: L1 < L2.

[0012] In one embodiment, the rotor dielectric layer is flexible and can be deformed under external force; when the rotor assembly rotates relative to the stator assembly, the rotor dielectric layer contacts the first surface and the second surface respectively.

[0013] In one embodiment, the stator assembly comprises a stator substrate with a stepped surface, and a step-up electrode and a step-down electrode mounted on the stator substrate, the first surface is the surface of the step-up electrode facing the rotor assembly, and the second surface is the surface of the step-down electrode facing the rotor assembly; in the initial state, the rotor blade is opposite to the step-down electrode.

[0014] In one embodiment, the stator assembly further comprises a stator dielectric layer covering one side of the step-up electrode and the step-down electrode away from the stator substrate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 The structural diagram of the adaptive energy-capturing intelligent spacer provided by one embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0016] Figure 2 The internal structure diagram of the shell provided by one embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0017] Figure 3 The arrangement diagram of the power generation module and the rotating shaft in the shell provided by one embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0018] Figure 4 The structural diagram of the first friction power generation unit provided by one embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0019] Figure 5 The assembly diagram of the swing body and the rotating shaft provided by one embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0020] Figure 6 The assembly diagram of the swing body and the rotating shaft provided by another embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0021] Figure 7 The assembly diagram of the swing body and the rotating shaft provided by another embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0022] Figure 8 The assembly diagram of the swing body and the rotating shaft provided by another embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0023] Figure 9 The structural diagram of the first friction power generation unit provided by another embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0024] Figure 10 The structural diagram of the folding fan type first friction power generation unit provided by one embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0025] Figure 11 An arrangement of a folding fan type first frictional power generation unit and an oscillating body in a housing is provided for an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 12 An arrangement of a folding fan type first frictional power generation unit and an oscillating body in a housing is provided for another embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 13 An arrangement of a folding fan type first frictional power generation unit and an oscillating body in a housing is provided for another embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 14 An arrangement of a folding fan type first frictional power generation unit and an oscillating body in a housing is provided for another embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 15 A structural schematic diagram of a folding paper type first frictional power generation unit is provided for an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 16 A structural schematic diagram of a flat plate type first frictional power generation unit is provided for an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 17 An assembly diagram of a second frictional power generation unit and a rotating shaft is provided for an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 18 A structural diagram of a rotor assembly is provided for an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 19 A side view schematic diagram of a rotor assembly and a stator assembly is provided for an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 20 A side view schematic diagram of a rotor assembly and a stator assembly is provided for another embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 21 A side view schematic diagram of a rotor assembly and a stator assembly is provided for another embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 22 A structural schematic diagram of a stator substrate is provided for an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 23 A structural schematic diagram of a stator substrate is provided for another embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 24 A structural schematic diagram of a stator substrate is provided for another embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 25 Another embodiment of the present application provides a side view schematic diagram of a rotor assembly and a stator assembly;

[0040] Figure 26 Another embodiment of the present application provides a side view schematic diagram of a rotor assembly and a stator assembly;

[0041] Figure 27 Another embodiment of the present application provides an assembly view of a second friction power generation unit and a rotating shaft;

[0042] Figure 28 The power generation principle diagram provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0043] Reference signs:

[0044] 1 - support; 2 - rotating shaft; 3 - power generation module; 31 - first friction power generation unit; 32 - second friction power generation unit; 33 - oscillating body; X - first direction; Y - second direction;

[0045] 311 - first electrode assembly; 312 - second electrode assembly; 313 - reset member; 321 - stator assembly; 322 - rotor assembly;

[0046] 11 - support body; 12 - shell; 13 - spacer clip body;

[0047] 331 - oscillating main body; 3310 - oscillating part; 3311 - connecting part; 332 - mass block; 3321 - first mass block; 3322 - second mass block; 3323 - third mass block; 3324 - fourth mass block; 3325 - fifth mass block; 3326 - sixth mass block;

[0048] 3111 - first substrate; 3112 - first electrode; 3113 - first dielectric layer; 3121 - second substrate; 3122 - second electrode; 3123 - second dielectric layer

[0049] 301 - first sub-electrode assembly; 302 - second sub-electrode assembly; 3220 - rotor blade; 3221 - rotor substrate; 3222 - rotor dielectric layer

[0050] 3210 - first surface; 3211 - second surface; 3212 - stator substrate; 3213 - upper electrode of step; 3214 - lower electrode of step; 32121 - upper substrate part; 32122 - lower substrate part; 3215 - stator dielectric layer; 32151 - upper electrode corresponding part; 32152 - lower electrode corresponding part; 32123 - groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the following further describes the present application with embodiments combined with the drawings.

[0052] The terminology used in the following description merely for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the application. As used in this description and the appended claims, the singular forms“a,”“an” and“the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be understood that the terms“comprises” and / or“comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0053] Reference throughout this specification to“one embodiment” or“an embodiment” or“certain embodiments” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrases“in one embodiment” or“in certain embodiments” in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are they necessarily referring to a single embodiment.

[0054] Spacer is an insulating component on high-voltage transmission line, which includes a plurality of split conductors. The spacer is fixed to the plurality of conductors. Its core function is to maintain the distance between the conductors, prevent mutual whipping, and suppress the wind vibration and sub-span oscillation. By mechanical fixation, the relative position of each conductor is ensured, avoiding collision or entanglement caused by wind or other external forces. In addition, under moderate wind speed, the conductors may produce large amplitude oscillation due to the wake effect. The spacer limits the relative movement of the conductors, reducing the oscillation amplitude of the conductors.

[0055] In the case of conductor icing, the conductor of the transmission line will dance. Monitoring the icing state of the conductor during dancing can provide strong data support for the prevention of dancing. In the related art, the conductor is monitored by installing a sensor on the conductor. However, the sensor needs a power supply to supply power to it so that it can work normally. The traditional chemical battery power supply scheme has a series of problems such as short service life, easy to cause environmental pollution, and needs to be regularly replaced and maintained.

[0056] In the related art, using self-powered technology to supplement power supply is an effective method to prolong the service life of the sensor and eliminates the trouble of replacing the battery. Among them, solar power supply and CT mutual inductance power generation are the most widely used energy supply means at present. However, the output power of the solar cell is low in bad weather and cannot meet the power supply demand of the monitoring equipment. CT mutual inductance power generation is only applicable to AC transmission lines and is difficult to apply to ultra-high voltage DC transmission lines and ground wires.

[0057] Therefore, vibration energy harvesting technology is widely studied in the field. Among them, friction nanogenerator has been widely concerned because it is suitable for capturing disordered and low-frequency vibration energy. Under the service condition of power transmission line, wind-induced vibration (including micro-wind vibration, sub-span vibration and conductor galloping) will occur. Among them, conductor galloping has great harm to power transmission line due to its low-frequency and large-amplitude motion characteristics. It has great potential to directly collect a large amount of vibration energy of conductor galloping through friction nanogenerator and use it to power sensors. However, in the related art, due to the effect of Coulomb damping, the friction nanogenerator is accompanied by the increase of the starting frequency while improving the energy harvesting efficiency, which in turn reduces its working bandwidth and limits its energy harvesting capacity under the working condition of conductor galloping of power transmission line.

[0058] Therefore, how to balance the contradiction between the working bandwidth and the energy harvesting efficiency of the friction nanogenerator caused by Coulomb damping to improve its energy harvesting capacity of conductor galloping of power transmission line is a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.

[0059] Therefore, the embodiment of the present application provides a self-adaptive energy harvesting type intelligent spacer based on the power generation principle of the friction nanogenerator, solves the problem of difficulty in replacing the battery of the monitoring device of the power transmission line in the high altitude, and has a high working bandwidth, a high energy harvesting efficiency and good stability, and meets the icing monitoring demand of the power transmission line. The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0060] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a self-adaptive energy harvesting type intelligent spacer provided by an embodiment of the present application, Figure 2 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the shell provided by an embodiment of the present application, Figure 3 FIG. 3 is a layout diagram of the arrangement of the power generation module and the rotating shaft in the shell provided by an embodiment of the present application, Figure 4 FIG. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a first friction power generation unit provided by an embodiment of the present application. As Figures 1-4As shown, the adaptive energy-capturing intelligent spacer provided by the embodiment of the present application is installed on a high-voltage transmission line, and the transmission line includes a plurality of conductors. The adaptive energy-capturing intelligent spacer includes a bracket 1, a rotating shaft 2, a power generation module 3, and a monitoring module (not shown in the figure), and the power generation module 3 is used to supply power to the monitoring module. The power generation module 3 is installed on the bracket 1, and the bracket 1 is fixedly connected with the conductors. The power generation module 3 includes a first friction power generation unit 31, a second friction power generation unit 32, and at least one oscillating body 33, the oscillating body 33 is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft 2, the first friction power generation unit 31 is arranged along a first direction X with the oscillating body 33, the second friction power generation unit 32 is arranged along a second direction Y with the oscillating body 33, the first direction X, the second direction Y, and a gravity direction Z are perpendicular to each other, and the second direction Y is the axial direction of the rotating shaft 2. The first friction power generation unit 31 includes at least one first electrode assembly 311 and at least one second electrode assembly 312, and the at least one first electrode assembly 311 and the at least one second electrode assembly 312 can contact and / or separate each other to generate a first electric signal. The second friction power generation unit 32 includes a stator assembly 321 and a rotor assembly 322, the stator assembly 321 is fixedly installed on the bracket 1, and the rotor assembly 322 is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft 2.

[0061] Under the action of an external force, the oscillating body 33 swings around the rotating shaft 2 as a fixed point to drive the first friction power generation unit 31 to generate a first electric signal, which is a pulse signal. At the same time, since the oscillating body 33 and the rotor assembly 322 are both installed on the rotating shaft 2, when the oscillating body 33 swings, the rotor assembly 322 can be driven to rotate relative to the stator assembly 321, and the rotor assembly 322 and the stator assembly 321 rub against each other to generate a second electric signal. The second electric signal is a continuous signal. The second electric signal is greater than the first electric signal in terms of average current.

[0062] In the above embodiment, the external force can be a wind-induced force. The oscillating body 33 can simultaneously drive the first friction power generation unit 31 and the second friction power generation unit 32 to generate electric signals to supply power to the monitoring module, thereby monitoring the iced transmission line, avoiding the situation that the monitoring module cannot work due to insufficient battery power, and solving the problem of inconvenience in replacing the battery for the monitoring module in harsh environments. The first friction power generation unit 31 and the second friction power generation unit 32 are both triboelectric generators, which respond to and capture the energy generated by the transmission line galloping under the drive of the oscillating body 33 in two different working modes, realizing the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0063] Please continue to refer to Figure 1In one embodiment, the bracket 1 includes two relatively arranged bracket bodies 11, a shell 12 and a plurality of spacer clips 13 for connecting to the wires. The two bracket bodies 11 are arranged along the extension direction of the transmission line. The axial direction of the rotating shaft 2 is consistent with the extension direction of the transmission line. A through hole is provided in the middle of each bracket body 11, and the shell 12 is fixedly installed in the two through holes. The two bracket bodies 11 are connected by a connector. A plurality of spacer clips 13 are fixedly installed between the two bracket bodies 11. The number of spacer clips 13 can be selected according to the number of wires, and the number of spacer clips 13 can be, for example, 4, 6, 8, 10, etc. The power generation module 3, the monitoring module and the rotating shaft 2 are all installed in the shell 12. It is worth noting that the present application does not impose any specific restrictions on the shape of the shell 12. The shape of the shell 12 can be adjusted according to the layout of the power generation module 3 and the monitoring module to maximize the use of available space and improve the captured power density.

[0064] Figure 5 An assembly diagram of the swing body and the rotating shaft provided for one embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 5 As shown, in one embodiment, the oscillating body 33 is an inertial oscillating body capable of swinging by inertia. The oscillating body 33 includes a oscillating body 331 and a mass 332 fixedly mounted to the oscillating body 331. The rotating shaft 2 is fixedly connected to the oscillating body 331, and the mass 332 is located around the rotating shaft 2. The mass 332 provides a counterweight for the oscillating body 33, thereby imparting a moment of inertia to the oscillating body 33 during its movement. The oscillating body 33 is mounted to the housing 12 via the rotating shaft 2, which transmits the torque output by the oscillating body 33 and provides support.

[0065] To achieve different resonant frequencies and response torques, the oscillating body 33 can adopt a variety of different structures, such as a simple pendulum, a compound pendulum, a double-mass pendulum, or a double-mass compound pendulum. By adjusting the weight and position of the mass block 332 of the oscillating body 33, the moment of inertia of the device can be changed, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the frequency. This application does not impose specific restrictions on the weight of the mass block 332. The following describes several different structures of the oscillating body 33.

[0066] Please continue to refer to Figure 5 In one embodiment, the swinging body 33 is a simple pendulum structure. Specifically, the swinging body 331 is an elongated structure, such as a rectangle or a bar. The mass block 332 includes a first mass block 3321. The rotating shaft 2 and the first mass block 3321 are respectively disposed at opposite ends of the swinging body 331.

[0067] Figure 6 An assembly diagram of the swing body and the rotating shaft is provided for another embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 6As shown in another embodiment, the swing body 33 is a double-mass swing structure. Specifically, the swing main body 331 is an elongated structure, such as a rectangular shape, a strip shape, etc. The mass block 332 includes a second mass block 3322 and a third mass block 3323, the second mass block 3322 and the third mass block 3323 are respectively arranged at two ends of the swing main body 331 away from each other, the rotating shaft 2 is located between the second mass block 3322 and the third mass block 3323, and the distance A1 between the second mass block 3322 and the rotating shaft 2 is not equal to the distance A2 between the third mass block 3323 and the rotating shaft 2, for example: A1>A2.

[0068] Figure 7 The assembly diagram of the swing body and the rotating shaft provided for another embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 6. Figure 7 As shown in another embodiment, the swing body 33 is a double-mass swing structure. Specifically, the swing main body 331 is an elongated structure, such as a rectangular shape, a strip shape, etc. The mass block 332 includes a second mass block 3322 and a third mass block 3323, the second mass block 3322 and the third mass block 3323 are respectively arranged at two ends of the swing main body 331 away from each other, the rotating shaft 2 is located between the second mass block 3322 and the third mass block 3323, and the distance A1 between the second mass block 3322 and the rotating shaft 2 is not equal to the distance A2 between the third mass block 3323 and the rotating shaft 2, for example: A1>A2.

[0069] Figure 8 The assembly diagram of the swing body and the rotating shaft provided for another embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 6. Figure 8 As shown in another embodiment, the swing body 33 is a double-mass swing structure. Specifically, the swing main body 331 is an elongated structure, such as a rectangular shape, a strip shape, etc. The mass block 332 includes a second mass block 3322 and a third mass block 3323, the second mass block 3322 and the third mass block 3323 are respectively arranged at two ends of the swing main body 331 away from each other, the rotating shaft 2 is located between the second mass block 3322 and the third mass block 3323, and the distance A1 between the second mass block 3322 and the rotating shaft 2 is not equal to the distance A2 between the third mass block 3323 and the rotating shaft 2, for example: A1>A2.

[0070] In other embodiments, the power generation module 3 can also include a plurality of swing bodies 33 arranged and installed on the rotating shaft 2 along the second direction Y, the plurality of swing bodies 33 are spaced apart by a predetermined distance, and the structural parameters (such as mass, force arm) of each swing body are different. By increasing the number of swing bodies 33, the resonance frequency of the power generation module 3 is more dispersed, thereby widening the response bandwidth of the first friction power generation unit 31 and the second friction power generation unit 32, thereby improving the power generation efficiency.

[0071] The first friction power generation unit 31 will be introduced below.

[0072] The first frictional power generation unit 31 is a contact-separation type frictional power generation unit, and a first electrical signal is generated by contact-separation operation of the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312. The contact-separation operation to generate the first electrical signal includes the following cases: the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312 are in contact to generate the first electrical signal; the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312 are separated to generate the first electrical signal; the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312 are in contact and then separated to generate the first electrical signal.

[0073] With continued reference to Figure 4 In an embodiment, the first electrode assembly 311 includes a first substrate 3111, a first electrode 3112 and a first dielectric layer 3113 which are sequentially stacked. The second electrode assembly 312 includes a second substrate 3121 and a second electrode 3122 which are stacked, and the first substrate 3111 and the second substrate 3121 are connected at the ends, for example, can be hinged. When the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312 are in contact with each other, the first dielectric layer 3113 and the second electrode 3122 can be in close contact with each other. The first electrode 3112 and the second electrode 3122 can be made of the same material. The second electrode 3122 and the first dielectric layer 3113 have opposite electrode polarities. When the swing body 33 swings under the action of an external force, the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312 are excited to move, which is specifically manifested as opening and closing movement between the first substrate 3111 and the second substrate 3121, so that the first dielectric layer 3113 and the second electrode 3122 are in contact and separation movement. Due to the difference in electrode polarity between the first dielectric layer 3113 and the second electrode 3122, based on the triboelectric effect, the first dielectric layer 3113 and the second electrode 3122 will respectively have equal amounts of opposite charges.

[0074] In the above embodiment, as the opening and closing movement occurs between the first substrate 3111 and the second substrate 3121, the first electrode 3112 is induced by the charge on the first dielectric layer 3113. Based on the principle of electrostatic induction, the first electrode 3112 and the second electrode 3122 will generate a potential difference. In order to balance the potential difference, the charge will flow directionally through an external load (a monitoring module) to generate a transient current, thereby outputting an alternating current signal of the same frequency. Among them, the second electrode 3122 plays a role in triboelectricity and conduction.

[0075] Figure 9 A structural schematic diagram of the first frictional power generation unit provided for another embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 3B. Figure 9As shown, in another embodiment, the first electrode assembly 311 comprises a first substrate 3111, a first electrode 3112 and a first dielectric layer 3113 which are sequentially stacked. The second electrode assembly 312 comprises a second substrate 3121, a second electrode 3122 and a second dielectric layer 3123 which are sequentially stacked, the first substrate 3111 and the second substrate 3121 are connected at the end, and the first dielectric layer 3113 and the second dielectric layer 3123 are in contact with each other when the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312 are in contact with each other. The first dielectric layer 3113 and the second dielectric layer 3123 have opposite electrode polarities.

[0076] In the above embodiment, when the swing body 33 swings under the action of an external force, the contact and separation movement between the first dielectric layer 3113 and the second dielectric layer 3123 occurs. Due to the difference in electrode polarity between the first dielectric layer 3113 and the second dielectric layer 3123, based on the triboelectric effect, the surfaces of the first dielectric layer 3113 and the second dielectric layer 3123 will respectively carry equal amounts of opposite charges. With the further movement of the swing body 33, based on the principle of electrostatic induction, the first dielectric layer 3113 and the second dielectric layer 3123 will generate a potential difference. In order to balance the potential difference, the charges (taking positive charges as an example) will directly flow through the external load (monitoring module) in a certain direction, generating a transient current. The first dielectric layer 3113 and the second dielectric layer 3123 play a triboelectric effect, and the first electrode 3112 and the second electrode 3122 play a conductive effect.

[0077] In some of the above embodiments, the first electrode assembly 311 can be a positive contact and separation electrode assembly, and correspondingly, the first substrate 3111 is a positive contact and separation electrode substrate, the first electrode 3112 is a positive contact and separation electrode, and the first dielectric layer 3113 is a positive dielectric material layer. The second electrode assembly 312 is a negative contact and separation electrode assembly, and correspondingly, the second substrate 3121 is a negative contact and separation electrode substrate, the second electrode 3122 is a negative contact and separation electrode, and the second dielectric layer 3123 is a negative dielectric material layer.

[0078] The structure of the first triboelectric generator unit 31 can have the following forms: for example, a folding fan type contact and separation structure, a paper folding type contact and separation structure, and a parallel plate type contact and separation structure.

[0079] Figure 10 The structure diagram of the folding fan type first triboelectric generator unit provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown in combination with Figure 4 , Figure 9 and Figure 10In an embodiment, the first frictional power generation unit 31 is a foldable contact-separation structure. Specifically, the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312 are arranged at an angle, i.e., the first substrate 3111 and the second substrate 3121 are arranged at an angle a, and one end of the first substrate 3111 and the second substrate 3121 are rotationally connected. The first dielectric layer 3113 and the second electrode 3122 are arranged opposite to each other, or the first dielectric layer 3113 and the second dielectric layer 3123 are arranged opposite to each other. By adjusting the size of the angle a, the contact and separation of the first dielectric layer 3113 and the second electrode 3122, or the contact and separation of the first dielectric layer 3113 and the second dielectric layer 3123 are realized.

[0080] In an embodiment, the above-mentioned angle a satisfies: 0° < a ≤ 45°.

[0081] The first frictional power generation unit 31 of the foldable contact-separation structure can include a plurality of first electrode assemblies 311 and a plurality of second electrode assemblies 312, and the first electrode assemblies 311 and the second electrode assemblies 312 are arranged in pairs. The plurality of first electrode assemblies 311 and the plurality of second electrode assemblies 312 are rotationally connected at the ends to form a foldable structure.

[0082] Among them, the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312 located in the middle can be fixed together and move synchronously, and contact and separate with the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312 located on both sides to generate a first electric signal. It is worth noting that the first substrate 3111 of the first electrode assembly 311 and the second substrate 3121 of the second electrode assembly 312 located in the middle can be fixed together, or the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312 share a substrate. This embodiment is not shown in the figure.

[0083] Or, as Figure 10 , two first electrode assemblies 311 are located in the middle and fixed together, and two second electrode assemblies 312 are located on both sides of the first electrode assembly 311. Specifically, the two first electrode assemblies 311 can share a first substrate 3111, and the first electrode 3112 is arranged on both sides of the first substrate 3111, and the first dielectric layer 3113 is covered on the two first electrodes 3112.

[0084] Or, two second electrode assemblies 312 are located in the middle and fixed together, and two first electrode assemblies 311 are located on both sides of the second electrode assembly 312. Specifically, the two second electrode assemblies 312 can share a second substrate 3121, and the second electrode 3122 is arranged on both sides of the second substrate 3121. This embodiment is not shown in the figure.

[0085] Alternatively, two second electrode assemblies 312 are located in the middle and fixed together, and two first electrode assemblies 311 are located on the two sides of the second electrode assemblies 312. Specifically, the two second electrode assemblies 312 can share a second substrate 3121, and a second electrode 3122 is arranged on the two sides of the second substrate 3121, respectively. Then, a first dielectric layer 3113 is covered on the two first electrodes 3112.

[0086] Please continue to refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 In the initial state, the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312 are in a separated state, and the swing body 33 can drive the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312 to contact with each other when swinging. In order to make the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312 realize automatic separation, in an embodiment, the first friction power generation unit 31 further comprises a reset member 313, which is used to separate or approach the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312. The reset member 313 can be a gravity block, a tension spring or a torsion spring, for example. The gravity block uses gravitational potential energy to reset the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312, for example, to restore the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312 to the initial state. The tension spring or the torsion spring uses elastic potential energy to reset the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312.

[0087] Figure 11 The arrangement of the folding fan type first friction power generation unit and the swing body in the shell is provided for an embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figure 11As shown, in one embodiment, the adaptive energy-capturing intelligent spacer rod comprises two folding first friction power generation units 31, which are fixedly installed at the bottom of the shell 12 of the support 1 and symmetrically arranged at the two sides of the swing body 33. The swing body 33 can alternately hit the two first friction power generation units 31 when swinging. Each first friction power generation unit 31 comprises a first sub-electrode assembly 301 and a second sub-electrode assembly 302, wherein the first sub-electrode assembly 301 is vertically fixedly arranged, and the connecting end of the first sub-electrode assembly 301 and the second sub-electrode assembly 302 is located below. A reset member 313 (gravity block) is installed at one end of the second sub-electrode assembly 302 away from the connecting end and located on the side away from the first sub-electrode assembly 301. In the initial state, the first sub-electrode assembly 301 and the second sub-electrode assembly 302 form an angle. The swing body 33 is static and in a natural drooping state. When the swing body 33 swings under the action of wind force, the second sub-electrode assembly 302 can be close to the first sub-electrode assembly 301 under the action of the swing body 33 hitting, so that the folding structure is contracted. In operation, the swing body 33 hits the second sub-electrode assembly 302, so that the second sub-electrode assembly 302 is close to the first sub-electrode assembly 301, so that the angle between the first sub-electrode assembly 301 and the second sub-electrode assembly 302 is reduced. When the swing body 33 is away from the second sub-electrode assembly 302, the reset member 313 (gravity block) falls under the action of gravity, drives the second sub-electrode assembly 302 to be away from the first sub-electrode assembly 301, so that the angle is increased, and the opening and closing movement of the first friction power generation unit 31 is generated to generate a first electric signal.

[0088] Figure 12 The arrangement of the folding first friction power generation unit and the swing body in the shell for another embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure Figure 12As shown, in another embodiment, the adaptive energy-capturing smart spacer includes two folding first friction power generation units 31, which are fixedly installed on the top of the shell 12 of the support 1 and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the swing body 33. The swing body 33 can alternately hit the two first friction power generation units 31 when swinging. Each first friction power generation unit 31 includes a first sub-electrode assembly 301 and a second sub-electrode assembly 302, wherein the first sub-electrode assembly 301 is fixedly arranged at an angle with the vertical direction, and the connection end of the first sub-electrode assembly 301 and the second sub-electrode assembly 302 is located above. A reset member 313 (gravity block) is installed on the end of the second sub-electrode assembly 302 away from the connection end and located on the side away from the first sub-electrode assembly 301. In the initial state, the first sub-electrode assembly 301 and the second sub-electrode assembly 302 are at an angle. The swing body 33 is static and in a natural drooping state. When the swing body 33 swings under the action of wind force, the second sub-electrode assembly 302 can be close to the first sub-electrode assembly 301 under the action of the impact of the swing body 33, so that the folding structure is contracted. In operation, the swing body 33 hits the second sub-electrode assembly 302, so that it is close to the first sub-electrode assembly 301, and the angle between the first sub-electrode assembly 301 and the second sub-electrode assembly 302 is reduced. When the swing body 33 moves away from the second sub-electrode assembly 302, the reset member 313 (gravity block) falls under the action of gravity, drives the second sub-electrode assembly 302 to move away from the first sub-electrode assembly 301, and the angle between the first sub-electrode assembly 301 and the second sub-electrode assembly 302 is increased, so that the first friction power generation unit 31 generates first electric signal by opening and closing movement.

[0089] Figure 13 The arrangement of the folding first friction power generation unit and the swing body in the shell for another embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure Figure 13In another embodiment, the adaptive energy-capturing smart spacer includes two folding first friction power generation units 31, which are fixedly installed on both sides of the swing body 331 of the swing body 33. Specifically, the swing body 331 is in a strip shape and has two long side surfaces facing away from each other in the first direction X. The two first friction power generation units 31 are symmetrically arranged on the two long side surfaces of the swing body 33. Each first friction power generation unit 31 includes a first sub-electrode assembly 301 and a second sub-electrode assembly 302, the connecting ends of which are located at the bottom, and the first sub-electrode assembly 301 is fixedly connected with the swing body 331. The first sub-electrode assembly 301 and the second sub-electrode assembly 302 are opened and closed by the folding first friction power generation unit 31 through the movement of approaching or moving away from each other, thereby generating a first electric signal. A reset member 313 (gravity block) is installed at the other end of the second sub-electrode assembly 302 away from the connecting end and located on the side away from the first sub-electrode assembly 301. In the initial state, the swing body 33 is static and in a natural state of drooping. The first sub-electrode assembly 301 and the second sub-electrode assembly 302 have an included angle. When the swing body 33 swings under the action of wind force, the included angle can change the angle when the first sub-electrode assembly 301 and the second sub-electrode assembly 302 approach or move away from each other. When the swing body 33 swings to the right side, in the first friction power generation unit 31 on the right side, the reset member 313 (gravity block) falls under the action of gravity, driving the second sub-electrode assembly 302 to approach the first sub-electrode assembly 301. In the first friction power generation unit 31 on the left side, the reset member 313 (gravity block) falls under the action of gravity, keeping the second sub-electrode assembly 302 away from the first sub-electrode assembly 301. When the swing body 33 swings to the left side, in the first friction power generation unit 31 on the left side, the reset member 313 (gravity block) falls under the action of gravity, driving the second sub-electrode assembly 302 to approach the first sub-electrode assembly 301. In the first friction power generation unit 31 on the right side, the reset member 313 (gravity block) falls under the action of gravity, keeping the second sub-electrode assembly 302 away from the first sub-electrode assembly 301.

[0090] Figure 14 The arrangement of the folding first friction power generation unit and the swing body in the shell is provided for another embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figure 14In another embodiment, the adaptive energy-capturing smart spacer includes two first fan-shaped triboelectric generator units 31, which are fixedly installed on the swing body 331 of the swing body 33. The swing body 331 is T-shaped, having a swing part 3310 and a connecting part 3311. The rotating shaft 2 is arranged at one end of the swing part 3310 close to the connecting part 3311, and the mass block 332 is arranged at the other end of the swing part 3310 away from the rotating shaft 2. The two first fan-shaped triboelectric generator units 31 are symmetrically arranged at the two ends of the connecting part 3311. Each first fan-shaped triboelectric generator unit 31 includes a first sub-electrode assembly 301 and a second sub-electrode assembly 302, which are connected at the bottom. The first sub-electrode assembly 301 is fixedly connected with the connecting part 3311 and is perpendicular to the connecting part 3311. The reset member 313 (gravity block) is arranged at the other end of the second sub-electrode assembly 302 away from the connecting end and is located on the side away from the first sub-electrode assembly 301. In the initial state, the swing body 33 is static and is in a natural drooping state. The first sub-electrode assembly 301 and the second sub-electrode assembly 302 have an included angle. The included angle can change the angle when the first sub-electrode assembly 301 and the second sub-electrode assembly 302 approach or move away from each other. The swing body 33 swings under the action of the wind force. When the swing body 33 swings to the right side, in the first fan-shaped triboelectric generator unit 31 located on the left side, the reset member 313 (gravity block) falls under the action of gravity, driving the second sub-electrode assembly 302 to approach the first sub-electrode assembly 301. In the first fan-shaped triboelectric generator unit 31 located on the right side, the reset member 313 (gravity block) falls under the action of gravity, keeping the second sub-electrode assembly 302 away from the first sub-electrode assembly 301. When the swing body 33 swings to the left side, in the first fan-shaped triboelectric generator unit 31 located on the right side, the reset member 313 (gravity block) falls under the action of gravity, driving the second sub-electrode assembly 302 to approach the first sub-electrode assembly 301. In the first fan-shaped triboelectric generator unit 31 located on the left side, the reset member 313 (gravity block) falls under the action of gravity, keeping the second sub-electrode assembly 302 away from the first sub-electrode assembly 301.

[0091] Figure 15 The structure diagram of the first fan-shaped triboelectric generator unit provided for an embodiment of the present application. The first fan-shaped triboelectric generator unit is fixedly installed on the swing body 331 of the swing body 33. Figure 3 and Figure 15In an embodiment, the first friction power generation unit 31 is a contact separation structure of origami type. The self-adaptive energy-harvesting smart spacer includes two first friction power generation units 31 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the swing body 33 and fixedly connected with the shell 12. When the swing body 33 swings, it hits the first friction power generation unit 31 to generate a first electric signal. Specifically, the first friction power generation unit 31 includes a plurality of first electrode assemblies 311 and a plurality of second electrode assemblies 312, the first electrode assemblies 311 and the second electrode assemblies 312 are connected end to end and arranged at an angle to form an origami structure, such as M-shaped, N-shaped or W-shaped. In the initial state, the first electrode assemblies 311 and the second electrode assemblies 312 are at an angle. The first electrode assemblies 311 and the second electrode assemblies 312 located in the middle part of the origami structure can be provided with electrodes on both sides of the substrate, and the polarity of the adjacent electrode assemblies is opposite. A torsional spring is arranged at the connecting end of the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312 as a reset member 313. When the swing body 33 hits the first friction power generation unit 31, the origami structure shrinks, and the plurality of first electrode assemblies 311 and the plurality of second electrode assemblies 312 approach and contact each other, at which time the torsional spring is compressed to generate a pre-tightening force. When the swing body 33 moves away from the first friction power generation unit 31, the torsional spring is released, and under the action of the pre-tightening force, the first electrode assemblies 311 and the second electrode assemblies 312 move away from each other to return to the initial state.

[0092] Figure 16 The structure diagram of the flat plate type first friction power generation unit provided for an embodiment of the present application, in combination with Figure 3 and Figure 16In an embodiment, the first friction power generation unit 31 is a flat plate contact separation structure. The self-adaptive energy-capturing intelligent spacer includes two first friction power generation units 31 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the swing body 33 and fixedly connected with the shell 12. When the swing body 33 swings, it hits the first friction power generation unit 31 to generate a first electric signal. Specifically, the first friction power generation unit 31 includes a plurality of first electrode assemblies 311 and a plurality of second electrode assemblies 312 arranged in parallel. The first electrode assemblies 311 and the second electrode assemblies 312 located in the middle part can be provided with electrodes on both sides facing away from each other, and the polarities of the electrodes in the adjacent electrode assemblies are opposite. A tension spring is arranged between the adjacent first electrode assemblies 311 and the second electrode assemblies 312 as a reset member 313. When the swing body 33 hits the first friction power generation unit 31, the first electrode assemblies 311 and the second electrode assemblies 312 are close to and contact with each other, and the distance between the first electrode assemblies 311 and the second electrode assemblies 312 gradually decreases, so that the flat plate contact separation structure is contracted. At this time, the tension spring is compressed to generate a pre-tightening force. When the swing body 33 moves away from the first friction power generation unit 31, the torsion spring is released, and under the action of the pre-tightening force, the first electrode assemblies 311 and the second electrode assemblies 312 are away from each other, and the distance between the first electrode assemblies 311 and the second electrode assemblies 312 gradually increases, so that the flat plate contact separation structure is stretched open until it returns to the initial state.

[0093] The number of the first electrode assemblies 311 and the second electrode assemblies 312 in the above-mentioned folding fan contact separation structure, the origami contact separation structure, and the parallel plate contact separation structure is not specifically limited, and the number can be selected according to actual needs.

[0094] In some of the above embodiments, when the swing body 33 swings in response to external excitation (external force), the first friction power generation unit 31 (contact separation type friction power generation unit) generates a first electric signal. That is, the positive contact separation electrode unit and the negative contact separation electrode unit are driven to contact each other to generate electric charges due to friction electrification. When the swing body 33 moves away from the contact separation type friction power generation unit, the positive contact separation electrode unit and the negative contact separation electrode unit will be separated again under the action of the reset member 313, and due to the electrostatic induction effect, a directional charge flow is generated between the two electrodes and an electric current is generated, thereby realizing the electromechanical conversion of the transmission line galloping energy. The first electric signal generated by the first friction power generation unit 31 is a pulse signal, and the pulse peak value is large.

[0095] As relative movement occurs between the first electrode assembly 311 and the second electrode assembly 312, a potential difference is generated between the positive contact separation electrode and the negative contact separation electrode based on the charge induction principle. In order to balance the potential difference, the charge will flow directly in a directional manner in the monitoring module (external load), thereby generating a transient current. When the adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer of the present application vibrates periodically under external excitation, the induced charge in the first friction power generation unit 31 will flow in the external circuit of the monitoring module, thereby outputting a same-frequency AC signal. Among them, the negative contact separation electrode takes into account both triboelectric charging and conductive effects.

[0096] Figure 17 An assembly diagram of a second friction power generation unit and a rotating shaft provided in an embodiment of the present application is provided. Figure 18 A structural diagram of a rotor assembly provided for one embodiment of the present application, Figure 19 A schematic side view of a rotor assembly and a stator assembly provided in one embodiment of the present application is shown. Figure 20 A schematic side view of a rotor assembly and a stator assembly is provided for another embodiment of the present application. Figures 17-20 As shown, in one embodiment, the second triboelectric power generation unit 32 is a Coulomb damped, plane-rotation-adjustable triboelectric power generation unit. The second triboelectric power generation unit 32 includes a stator assembly 321 and a rotor assembly 322, which are coaxially arranged. The stator assembly 321 includes a first surface 3210 and a second surface 3211, with a height difference between the first surface 3210 and the second surface 3211 along the second direction Y. The rotor assembly 322 includes a plurality of rotor blades 3220, each of which includes a rotor substrate 3221 and a rotor dielectric layer 3222 disposed on the rotor substrate 3221. The distance L1 between the first surface 3210 and the rotor substrate 3221 and the distance L2 between the second surface 3211 and the rotor substrate 3221 satisfy the following relationship: L1 < L2. That is, the first surface 3210 is closer to the rotor substrate 3221, while the second surface 3211 is farther away from the rotor substrate 3221. Due to the height difference between first surface 3210 and second surface 3211, the rotor experiences greater friction when rotating toward first surface 3210 and less friction when rotating toward second surface 3211. Therefore, the Coulomb damping experienced by the rotor during rotation can be varied, adjusting the mechanical response and energy-harvesting efficiency of the adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer. In the initial state, rotor blades 3220 face second surface 3211, reducing friction during startup.

[0097] The number of rotor blades 3220 can be, for example, 2, 3, 4, 6, etc. This application does not impose any specific restrictions and can be set as needed.

[0098] In one embodiment, the rotor dielectric layer 3222 is flexible and can deform under the action of an external force. When the rotor assembly 322 rotates relative to the stator assembly 321, the rotor dielectric layer 3222 can contact the first surface 3210 and the second surface 3211, respectively. Specifically, the rotor dielectric layer 3222 can be formed into a ring shape by bending a sheet-like structure and fixedly connected to the rotor substrate 3221, or the rotor dielectric layer 3222 can be formed into a C-shaped structure by bending a sheet-like structure, with both ends of the C-shaped structure connected to the rotor substrate 3221. The axial direction of the ring-shaped or C-shaped structure is parallel to the rotor substrate 3221. Because the rotor dielectric layer 3222 is flexible, when it contacts the first surface 3210, which is relatively close to it, the annular rotor dielectric layer 3222 is flattened to a large extent by the rotor substrate 3221 and the first surface 3210, resulting in relatively large friction. When separated from the first surface 3210, the annular rotor dielectric layer 3222 rebounds and returns to its original curvature, allowing it to contact the more distant second surface 3211. Upon contact with the second surface 3211, the annular rotor dielectric layer 3222 is only slightly compressed by the rotor substrate 3221 and the second surface 3211, resulting in relatively low friction. The ability of the rotor dielectric layer 3222 to contact both surfaces increases the power generation of the second triboelectric power generation unit 32, improving power generation efficiency and enhancing the response bandwidth of the second triboelectric power generation unit 32.

[0099] Figure 21 A side view schematic diagram of a rotor assembly and a stator assembly provided in another embodiment of the present application is shown as follows: Figure 21 As shown, in other embodiments, the rotor dielectric layer 3222 can also be a flexible sheet-like structure. One end of the sheet-like rotor dielectric layer 3222 is connected to the rotor substrate 3221, and the other end extends toward the first surface 3210 and the second surface 3211. The extension length is greater than the distance between the rotor substrate 3221 and the second surface 3211. When the rotor dielectric layer 3222 contacts the first surface 3210, the sheet-like rotor dielectric layer 3222 deforms and bends with a large bending amplitude, resulting in relatively high friction. When separated from the first surface 3210, the sheet-like rotor dielectric layer 3222 rebounds and returns to its original shape, allowing it to contact the further second surface 3211. When contacting the second surface 3211, the sheet-like rotor dielectric layer 3222 deforms and bends again, with a smaller bending amplitude, resulting in relatively low friction.

[0100] In other embodiments, the rotor dielectric layer 3222 may be rigid. When the rotor assembly 322 rotates relative to the stator assembly 321, the rigid rotor dielectric layer 3222 is non-deformable and only contacts the first surface 3210 but not the second surface 3211. Therefore, there is no friction with the second surface 3211, and the Coulomb damping is small.

[0101] With reference to the foregoing Figures 19-21 In one embodiment, the stator assembly 321 comprises a stator substrate 3212 with stepped surfaces and stepped upper electrodes 3213 and stepped lower electrodes 3214 mounted on the stator substrate 3212, the first surface 3210 being the surface of the stepped upper electrodes 3213 facing the rotor assembly 322, and the second surface 3211 being the surface of the stepped lower electrodes 3214 facing the rotor assembly 322.

[0102] Figure 22 A structural schematic diagram of the stator substrate provided for one embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 3A. Figure 23 A structural schematic diagram of the stator substrate provided for another embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 3B. Figure 24 A structural schematic diagram of the stator substrate provided for another embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 3C. As shown in FIG. 3C, the stator substrate 3212 can be a circular thin structure comprising a plurality of upper substrate portions 32121 and a plurality of lower substrate portions 32122. Figures 22-24 The upper substrate portions 32121 are closer to the rotor substrate 3221 than the lower substrate portions 32122 in the axial direction. The plurality of upper substrate portions 32121 and the plurality of lower substrate portions 32122 can be arranged at intervals or irregularly, for example, one upper substrate portion 32121 and one lower substrate portion 32122 can be arranged alternately, as shown in FIG. 3C. Figure 22 Two lower substrate portions 32122 and one upper substrate portion 32121 can be arranged alternately, as shown in FIG. 3D. Figure 23 Two upper substrate portions 32121 and two lower substrate portions 32122 can be arranged alternately (not shown in the figure). Figure 24

[0103] The stepped stator substrate 3212 can automatically adjust the distance between the rotor dielectric layer 3222 and the stepped upper electrodes 3213 and the stepped lower electrodes 3214 during the movement of the second friction power generation unit 32, thereby controlling the Coulomb damping during the movement and achieving the adjustment of the response capability and the energy capture efficiency of the second friction power generation unit 32.

[0104] The sizes of the upper substrate portions 32121 and the lower substrate portions 32122 can be the same. The size of the rotor blade 3220 can be the same as that of the upper substrate portion 32121 or slightly smaller than that of the upper substrate portion 32121. The present application does not make specific limitations.

[0105] In the initial state, as shown in FIG. 4A, the rotor blade 3220 is located in the upper substrate portion 32121 of the stator substrate 3212, and the stepped upper electrode 3213 and the stepped lower electrode 3214 are in contact with the rotor dielectric layer 3222. Figure 20 ​, along the second direction Y, the rotor blade 3220 is opposite to the stepped lower electrode 3214, at this time, the friction force between the rotor assembly 322 and the stator assembly 321 is relatively small, the distance between the rotor substrate 3221 and the stepped stator substrate 3212 is kept constant. At this time, the distance between the rotor substrate 3221 and the stepped lower electrode 3214 is far, the Coulomb damping of the second friction power generation unit 32 is also small, and the influence on the mechanical response ability is weak. When the rotor assembly 322 is swung under the driving of the swing body 33, the rotor dielectric layer 3222 will slide from the stepped lower electrode 3214 to the stepped upper electrode 3213. At this time, the electric charge induced by the triboelectricity will flow between the stepped upper electrode 3213 and the stepped lower electrode 3214 through the monitoring module (external load), so as to realize the directional transfer of the electric charge and form the electric current. The stepped upper electrode 3213 and the stepped lower electrode 3214 simultaneously play the roles of triboelectricity and conduction. It is worth noting that, due to the adjusting effect of the Coulomb damping, in the process that the rotor dielectric layer 3222 slides from the stepped lower electrode 3214 to the stepped upper electrode 3213, the contact area between the electrodes will increase with the decrease of the distance between the rotor substrate 3221 and the electrodes (including the stepped upper electrode 3213 and the stepped lower electrode 3214), and therefore, the amount of induced electric charge will also change.

[0106] Figure 25 Another embodiment of the present application provides a side view schematic diagram of a rotor assembly and a stator assembly, Figure 26 Another embodiment of the present application provides a side view schematic diagram of a rotor assembly and a stator assembly, as Figure 25 and Figure 26 As shown in another embodiment, the stator assembly 321 further includes a stator dielectric layer 3215, which covers one side of the stepped upper electrode 3213 and the stepped lower electrode 3214 away from the stator substrate 3212. The stator dielectric layer 3215 can be an integral structure, which has the same shape as the stator substrate 3212 and covers the stepped upper electrode 3213 and the stepped lower electrode 3214 as a whole. The stator dielectric layer 3215 can include an upper electrode corresponding part 32151 and a lower electrode corresponding part 32152. The first surface 3210 is the surface of the upper electrode corresponding part 32151 facing the rotor assembly 322, and the second surface 3211 is the surface of the lower electrode corresponding part 32152 facing the rotor assembly 322. The stepped upper electrode 3213 and the stepped lower electrode 3214 are installed on the stator substrate 3212, the surface of which is arranged in a stepped manner.

[0107] In the initial state, as Figure 26, the rotor blade 3220 is opposite to the lower electrode corresponding part 32152, and the distance between the rotor substrate 3221 and the stator substrate 3212 is kept constant. At this time, the vertical distance between the rotor substrate 3221 and the stator dielectric layer 3215 is far, and the Coulomb damping borne by the second friction power generation unit 32 is also small, and the influence on the mechanical response ability is weak. The rotor dielectric layer 3222 can be in direct contact with the stator dielectric layer 3215. When the rotor assembly 322 is driven by the swing body 33 to swing, the rotor dielectric layer 3222 and the stator dielectric layer 3215 slide, and the lower electrode corresponding part 32152 slides to the upper electrode corresponding part 32151, and the rotor dielectric layer 3222 slides to the position of the upper electrode corresponding part 32151. At this time, the electric charge induced by triboelectricity will flow between the stepped upper electrode 3213 and the stepped lower electrode 3214 through the external load, so as to realize the directional transfer of electric charge and form an electric current. It is worth mentioning that due to the adjusting effect of Coulomb damping, in the process of sliding of the rotor dielectric layer 3222 from the lower electrode corresponding part 32152 to the upper electrode corresponding part 32151, the contact area between the rotor dielectric layer 3222 and the rotor dielectric layer 3222 will increase with the decrease of the distance between the rotor substrate 3221 and the stator dielectric layer 3215, and therefore the amount of induced electric charge will also change. Figure 25 change to Figure 26 the position of the upper electrode corresponding part 32151. At this time, the electric charge induced by triboelectricity will flow between the stepped upper electrode 3213 and the stepped lower electrode 3214 through the external load, so as to realize the directional transfer of electric charge and form an electric current. It is worth mentioning that due to the adjusting effect of Coulomb damping, in the process of sliding of the rotor dielectric layer 3222 from the lower electrode corresponding part 32152 to the upper electrode corresponding part 32151, the contact area between the rotor dielectric layer 3222 and the rotor dielectric layer 3222 will increase with the decrease of the distance between the rotor substrate 3221 and the stator dielectric layer 3215, and therefore the amount of induced electric charge will also change.

[0108] Figure 27 Another embodiment of the present application provides an assembly diagram of the second friction power generation unit and the rotating shaft, as shown in Figure 27As shown, in an embodiment, the stator substrate 3212 is annular, and the inner wall of the stator substrate 3212 is provided with a plurality of grooves 32123, so that the inner surface of the stator substrate 3212 is stepped. The inner surface includes convex portions and concave portions. The concave portions are the positions where the grooves 32123 are located, and the positions between adjacent two grooves 32123 are the convex portions. The stepped upper electrodes 3213 are installed on the surfaces of the convex portions, and the stepped lower electrodes 3214 are installed on the surfaces of the concave portions. The side of the stepped upper electrodes 3213 away from the stator substrate 3212 is the first surface 3210, and the side of the stepped lower electrodes 3214 away from the stator substrate 3212 is the second surface 3211. The stator substrate 3212 is coaxially arranged with the rotor substrate 3221. The rotor substrate 3221 includes a plurality of rotor blades 3220, and a rotor dielectric layer 3222 is arranged at the end of each rotor blade 3220. When the rotor assembly 322 rotates relative to the stator assembly 321, the rotor dielectric layer 3222 contacts the stepped upper electrodes 3213 and / or the stepped lower electrodes 3214. The rotor dielectric layer 3222 can be rigid or flexible. When the rotor dielectric layer 3222 is flexible, it can contact both the stepped upper electrodes 3213 and the stepped lower electrodes 3214; or, when the rotor dielectric layer 3222 is flexible, it can only contact the stepped upper electrodes 3213. When the rotor dielectric layer 3222 is rigid, it contacts the stepped upper electrodes 3213. The number of rotor blades 3220 can be 2, 3, 4, 6, etc., which can be set as needed, and the present application does not make specific limitations.

[0109] The dielectric material is a high polymer material with triboelectric effect and different electrode polarity. In some embodiments described above, the materials of the rotor dielectric layer 3222 and the stator dielectric layer 3215 can be, for example, nylon, polyimide (Kapton), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), etc. The first electrode 3112, the second electrode 3122, the stepped upper electrode 3213, and the stepped lower electrode 3214 are made of conductive metal materials, and the conductive metal can be, for example, copper, aluminum, etc. The greater the difference in electrode polarity of the electrode relative to the dielectric material, the better the power generation effect.

[0110] In an embodiment, the self-adaptive energy-capturing intelligent spacer further includes an energy storage unit (not shown in the figure), which is electrically connected with the monitoring module, and is used for storing the first and second electric signals generated by the power generation module 3. When the storage amount of the energy storage unit reaches a preset value, the monitoring module will be powered. The monitoring module can be a sensor, which can be, for example, a temperature and humidity sensor, a wind speed and direction sensor, an illumination intensity sensor, a precipitation sensor, a wind deviation sensor, a sag sensor, a height above ground sensor, an acceleration sensor, etc. The self-powered intelligent spacer can include a plurality of different types of sensors to monitor power transmission line data in multiple aspects.

[0111] In one embodiment, the adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer may also include a temperature-controlled switch (not shown) that controls the connection between the power generation module and the monitoring module. When the ambient temperature reaches a preset value, the switch closes, allowing the power generation module to supply power to the monitoring module. When the ambient temperature exceeds the preset value, the switch opens, causing the power generation module to stop supplying power to the monitoring module.

[0112] Figure 28 The power generation principle diagram provided in the embodiment of this application is as follows: Figure 28 As shown, the adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer of the present application is based on a nanogenerator and adopts a Coulomb damping adjustment method to improve the dancing energy capture capability of the power generation module. The standard for its Coulomb damping adjustment is the magnitude of the swing angle of the oscillating body 33. When the swing angle of the oscillating body 33 is small, the Coulomb damping experienced by the second triboelectric power generation unit 32 is at a low value, and the second triboelectric power generation unit 32 is in a weak contact state. At this time, the Coulomb damping has a small impact on the mechanical response capability of the system. Specifically, it has a low starting frequency and a wide operating bandwidth. At this time, the output of the device is mainly provided by the first triboelectric power generation unit 31 and the second triboelectric power generation unit 32 in a weak contact state, thereby improving the operating bandwidth of the power generation module. When the swing angle of the oscillating body 33 is large, the Coulomb damping experienced by the second triboelectric power generation unit 32 is at a high value, and the second triboelectric power generation unit 32 is in a strong contact state. The energy capture efficiency of the second triboelectric power generation unit 32 is significantly improved. At this time, the output of the device is mainly provided by the first triboelectric power generation unit 31 and the second triboelectric power generation unit 32 in a strong contact state. In summary, due to the existence of the Coulomb damping adjustment mechanism, the adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer of the present application can automatically adapt to external vibration excitation conditions, thereby improving the working bandwidth of the device and improving the power generation efficiency.

[0113] The first and second triboelectric units 31, 32 of the adaptive energy-harvesting intelligent spacer of this application work together to increase the device's operating bandwidth within the transmission line's galloping frequency range while also improving the device's energy capture efficiency. When ice accumulates on the transmission line conductors, the vibration energy generated by the galloping can be harvested and used to power the onboard sensors, enabling long-term monitoring of various data regarding the transmission line's icing status.

[0114] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of this application fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application is intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An adaptive energy-capturing smart spacer installed in a high-voltage power transmission line, characterized in that, The device comprises a support, a rotating shaft, a power generation module and a monitoring module, the power generation module is used to power the monitoring module; The power generation module is installed on the support, the power generation module comprises a first friction power generation unit, a second friction power generation unit and at least one oscillating body, the oscillating body is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft, the first friction power generation unit is arranged along a first direction with the oscillating body, the second friction power generation unit is arranged along a second direction with the oscillating body, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction and perpendicular to the direction of gravity, and the second direction is the axial direction of the rotating shaft; The first friction power generation unit comprises at least one first electrode assembly and at least one second electrode assembly, the at least one first electrode assembly and the at least one second electrode assembly can contact and / or separate each other to generate a first electric signal; The second friction power generation unit comprises a stator assembly and a rotor assembly, the stator assembly is fixedly installed on the support, and the rotor assembly is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft; Under the action of an external force, the oscillating body oscillates around the rotating shaft to drive the first friction power generation unit to generate the first electric signal, and the oscillating body oscillates around the rotating shaft to drive the rotor assembly to rotate relative to the stator assembly and generate a second electric signal by friction.

2. The self-adapting energy-capturing intelligent spacer according to claim 1, wherein, The oscillating body comprises an oscillating body and a mass block fixedly installed on the oscillating body, the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the oscillating body, and the mass block is located on the circumferential side of the rotating shaft.

3. The self-adapting energy-capturing intelligent spacer according to claim 1, wherein, The first electrode assembly comprises a first substrate, a first electrode and a first dielectric layer which are sequentially and laminatedly arranged, the second electrode assembly comprises a second substrate and a second electrode which are laminatedly arranged, the first substrate and the second substrate are connected, and when the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly contact each other, the first dielectric layer and the second electrode are attached to each other.

4. The self-adapting energy-capturing intelligent spacer according to claim 1, wherein, The first electrode assembly comprises a first substrate, a first electrode and a first dielectric layer which are sequentially and laminatedly arranged, the second electrode assembly comprises a second substrate, a second electrode and a second dielectric layer which are laminatedly arranged, the first substrate and the second substrate are connected, and when the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly contact each other, the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are attached to each other.

5. The self-adapting energy-capturing intelligent spacer according to claim 1, wherein, The first friction power generation unit further comprises a reset member, the reset member is used to separate or approach the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly.

6. The self-adapting energy-capturing intelligent spacer according to claim 1, wherein, The first friction power generation unit is fixedly installed on the oscillating body. Alternatively, the first friction power generation unit is fixedly installed on the support.

7. The self-adapting energy-capturing intelligent spacer according to claim 1, wherein, The stator assembly comprises a first surface and a second surface, the first surface and the second surface have a height difference along the second direction; the rotor assembly comprises a plurality of rotor blades, each rotor blade comprises a rotor substrate and a rotor dielectric layer arranged on the rotor substrate; The distance L1 between the first surface and the rotor substrate and the distance L2 between the second surface and the rotor substrate satisfy: L1 < L2.

8. The self-adapting energy-capturing intelligent spacer according to claim 7, wherein, The rotor dielectric layer has flexibility and can be deformed under the action of an external force. When the rotor assembly rotates relative to the stator assembly, the rotor dielectric layer is in contact with the first surface and the second surface respectively.

9. The self-adapting energy-capturing intelligent spacer according to claim 7, wherein, The stator assembly comprises a stator substrate with a stepped surface, and a step-up electrode and a step-down electrode mounted on the stator substrate, the first surface is the surface of the step-up electrode facing the rotor assembly, and the second surface is the surface of the step-down electrode facing the rotor assembly. In the initial state, the rotor blade is opposite to the step-down electrode.

10. The self-adapting energy-capturing intelligent spacer according to claim 9, wherein, The stator assembly further comprises a stator dielectric layer covering one side of the step-up electrode and the step-down electrode away from the stator substrate.

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