An overvoltage protection method and system for power electronic switches

Abstract

The present invention relates to overvoltage protection and management technology for a pulse power supply, and in particular to an overvoltage protection method and system applied to a power electronic switch. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining input information for predicting a composite overvoltage; based on the obtained input information, predicting at least one characteristic parameter of the composite overvoltage generated by the combined effect of energy accumulation in the buffer circuit and dynamic adjustment of parameters of the future output pulse; adjusting operating parameters of at least one basic overvoltage protection device in the pulse power supply according to the at least one characteristic parameter of the predicted composite overvoltage; by predicting the characteristic parameters of the composite overvoltage and dynamically adjusting the protection strategy and energy discharge mode based on the prediction results, while taking into account process continuity and electromagnetic compatibility constraints, the method has the advantages of being able to more accurately predict and manage composite overvoltages, and taking into account protection effectiveness, process continuity and electromagnetic compatibility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of overvoltage protection and management of pulse power supplies, and in particular to an overvoltage protection method and system applied to power electronic switches. Background Art

[0002] Pulsed power supply equipment plays a key role in modern industrial technology, particularly in material surface treatment processes. Such equipment typically comprises a switch array composed of semiconductor switching devices (such as IGBTs), which are used to output a pulsed current sequence with specific parameters to the load to modify the material surface. In these applications, IGBTs must complete switching within an extremely short time. However, during the high-speed shutdown of the IGBT, the large current change rate (di / dt) in the distributed inductance of the main power circuit induces a significant electromotive force in these inductors, resulting in a shutdown overvoltage spike. This overvoltage spike, superimposed on the DC bus voltage, causes voltage stress on the IGBT.

[0003] In material surface treatment processes, to ensure continuity and efficiency, power supplies often output multiple pulse sequences with short pulse intervals. While commonly used passive snubber circuits (such as RCDs) can absorb some overvoltage energy, their energy release has a time constant. When the pulse interval is shorter than the time required for complete energy release, the energy absorbed by the snubber capacitor during the previous pulse's turn-off is not fully released, causing the snubber capacitor's initial voltage to gradually increase as the pulse sequence progresses. The turn-off overvoltage spikes of subsequent pulses are superimposed on this elevated voltage base, causing the peak voltage between the IGBT's collector and emitter to climb as the pulse sequence increases.

[0004] Furthermore, to precisely control material surface treatment parameters, power control systems often dynamically adjust subsequent pulse parameters (such as current amplitude, pulse width, and duty cycle) based on process feedback. This dynamic adjustment can alter the IGBT's switching instructions, causing immediate fluctuations in the current rate of change (di / dt). If the instruction to turn off with a larger di / dt increases, the amplitude of the original turn-off overvoltage spike generated by the pulse will increase. When these two effects, the voltage floor increase caused by energy accumulation in the snubber circuit and the instantaneous di / dt increase caused by dynamic control system adjustments, occur simultaneously or sequentially, the IGBT will experience a combined overvoltage far exceeding that caused by either effect alone. The peak value and energy of this combined overvoltage are highly unpredictable.

[0005] Traditional overvoltage protection strategies based on fixed parameters or fixed thresholds are unable to effectively address this dynamic, compound overvoltage. If the protection threshold is set too low, normal energy accumulation may frequently trigger protection, disrupting the process and reducing efficiency. If it is set too high, the protection may not respond sufficiently when a dangerous compound overvoltage occurs, causing damage to the IGBT. Furthermore, these power supplies are often deployed in experimental or production environments containing precision equipment, which have strict electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements. When the overvoltage protection circuit is activated, especially during the energy discharge process, it may generate new electromagnetic interference, affecting adjacent equipment, affecting feedback signal accuracy, and even causing control loop instability. Therefore, the overvoltage protection system must balance protection effectiveness, process continuity, and its own EMC characteristics.

[0006] When dealing with compound overvoltage problems in such specific application scenarios, existing technologies have limitations such as insufficient adaptability of protection strategies and difficulty in balancing process continuity and EMC requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose an overvoltage protection method and system for power electronic switches.

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an overvoltage protection method for a power electronic switch, and a pulse power supply for a material surface treatment process, the method comprising the following steps:

[0009] Acquiring input information for predicting a composite overvoltage, the input information comprising: a first parameter characterizing an energy accumulation state of a buffer circuit in the pulse power supply, and a second parameter characterizing a dynamic adjustment of a parameter of a future output pulse of the pulse power supply;

[0010] Based on the acquired input information, predict at least one characteristic parameter of the composite overvoltage generated by the combined effect of energy accumulation in the buffer circuit and dynamic adjustment of parameters of the future output pulse;

[0011] adjusting an operating parameter of at least one basic overvoltage protection device in the pulse power supply according to the at least one characteristic parameter of the predicted composite overvoltage;

[0012] selecting and activating at least one energy discharge mode from at least two preset energy discharge modes having different energy handling characteristics or different electromagnetic interference characteristics based on the at least one characteristic parameter of the predicted composite overvoltage and at least one preset constraint condition to manage the energy of the composite overvoltage;

[0013] Based on feedback information corresponding to an actually occurring overvoltage event, the prediction process of the at least one characteristic parameter of the composite overvoltage is corrected.

[0014] In a second aspect, an overvoltage protection system for power electronic switches and a pulse power supply for material surface treatment processes are provided, the system comprising:

[0015] An information acquisition module is configured to acquire input information for predicting a composite overvoltage, the input information comprising: a first parameter representing an energy accumulation state of a buffer circuit in the pulse power supply, and a second parameter representing a dynamic adjustment of a parameter of a future output pulse of the pulse power supply;

[0016] a characteristic parameter prediction module, configured to predict, based on the input information acquired by the information acquisition module, at least one characteristic parameter of the composite overvoltage generated by the combined effects of energy accumulation in the buffer circuit and dynamic parameter adjustment of the future output pulse;

[0017] a protection device adjustment module, configured to adjust an operating parameter of at least one basic overvoltage protection device in the pulse power supply according to the at least one characteristic parameter of the composite overvoltage predicted by the characteristic parameter prediction module;

[0018] an energy discharge management module, configured to select and activate at least one energy discharge mode from at least two preset energy discharge modes having different energy handling characteristics or different electromagnetic interference characteristics, based on the at least one characteristic parameter of the composite overvoltage predicted by the characteristic parameter prediction module and at least one preset constraint condition, so as to manage the energy of the composite overvoltage;

[0019] The prediction and correction module is used to correct the prediction process of the at least one characteristic parameter of the composite overvoltage based on feedback information corresponding to the actual overvoltage event.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] By predicting the characteristic parameters of compound overvoltages and dynamically adjusting the protection strategy and energy discharge mode based on the prediction results, while taking into account process continuity and electromagnetic compatibility constraints, the problem that the existing technology is difficult to cope with dynamically changing compound overvoltages and difficult to balance process continuity and EMC requirements is effectively solved. It has the advantages of being able to more accurately predict and manage compound overvoltages, and taking into account protection effectiveness, process continuity and electromagnetic compatibility. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the method of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention.

[0024] In the figure: 201, information acquisition module; 202, characteristic parameter prediction module; 203, protection device adjustment module; 204, energy discharge management module; 205, prediction and correction module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0026] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the specified features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0027] like Figure 1 The overvoltage protection method shown is applied to a power electronic switch and a pulse power supply for a material surface treatment process. The method includes the following steps:

[0028] S101, obtaining input information for predicting a composite overvoltage, the input information including: a first parameter representing an energy accumulation state of a buffer circuit in a pulse power supply, and a second parameter representing a dynamic adjustment of a parameter of a future output pulse of the pulse power supply;

[0029] S102. Predicting, based on the acquired input information, at least one characteristic parameter of a composite overvoltage generated by the combined effects of energy accumulation in the snubber circuit and dynamic adjustment of parameters of future output pulses;

[0030] S103. Adjusting an operating parameter of at least one basic overvoltage protection device in the pulse power supply according to at least one characteristic parameter of the predicted composite overvoltage;

[0031] S104. Selecting and initiating at least one energy discharge mode from at least two preset energy discharge modes having different energy handling characteristics or different electromagnetic interference characteristics based on at least one characteristic parameter of the predicted composite overvoltage and at least one preset constraint condition to manage the energy of the composite overvoltage, wherein the preset constraint condition is associated with the continuity of the material surface treatment process or the electromagnetic compatibility of the pulse power supply;

[0032] S105 : Correcting a prediction process of at least one characteristic parameter of a composite overvoltage based on feedback information corresponding to an actually occurring overvoltage event.

[0033] Compound overvoltage refers to the overvoltage caused by the combined effects of a voltage base rise caused by the incomplete release of energy absorbed by the snubber circuit during the previous pulse's shutdown, coupled with fluctuations in the current rate of change caused by dynamic parameter adjustments to future output pulses, when a pulse power supply is used in a material surface treatment process. This overvoltage can manifest as a higher peak voltage, a faster rising edge, or greater energy. The first parameter characterizing the energy accumulation state of the snubber circuit in a pulse power supply refers to a parameter that reflects the energy level stored in the snubber circuit (e.g., an RCD snubber) at the current or predicted moment. This parameter can be implemented as the voltage across the snubber capacitor, the integrated current across the snubber resistor, or an equivalent energy value calculated from historical pulse sequence data. It primarily reflects the voltage base rise effect caused by the repetitive nature of the pulse sequence. The second parameter characterizing the dynamic parameter adjustments to future output pulses of the pulse power supply refers to information reflecting the control system's adjustments to the parameters of one or more subsequent pulses (e.g., current amplitude, pulse width, and turn-off slope di / dt). This parameter can be implemented using future pulse parameter commands issued by the control system, future parameter change trends predicted based on process feedback, or a pre-set parameter adjustment strategy. This is primarily intended to reflect the effects of transient overvoltage spike amplitude fluctuations caused by changes in process requirements. The at least one characteristic parameter of the combined overvoltage refers to a key value used to quantify the combined overvoltage waveform or impact. This parameter can be implemented as a predicted overvoltage peak, predicted overvoltage duration, predicted overvoltage energy, or predicted overvoltage rise rate. It is primarily used to guide subsequent protective device adjustments and energy discharge mode selection. The at least one basic overvoltage protection device operating parameter refers to an adjustable parameter of an existing protection circuit (e.g., an active clamping circuit or a passive snubber circuit) used to suppress overvoltage in a pulsed power supply. This parameter can be implemented as the clamping voltage setting of an active clamping circuit, the resistance or capacitance value (if adjustable) of an RCD snubber circuit, or the trigger threshold of a triggered protection circuit. It is primarily used to optimize the response of existing protection devices to predicted overvoltages. At least two preset energy discharge modes with different energy handling characteristics or different electromagnetic interference characteristics are pre-set technical solutions for handling excess energy when a combined overvoltage occurs. It can be achieved by dissipating energy through a resistor network, transferring energy to an absorption unit through a bypass switch, or performing soft shutdown by controlling the on-time of the switching device. Different modes differ in the efficiency and speed of energy processing, as well as the electromagnetic radiation or conducted noise generated. It is mainly to select the energy management method according to the specific situation. The preset constraints related to the continuity of the material surface treatment process or the electromagnetic compatibility of the pulse power supply refer to the restrictions or goals that need to be considered when selecting the energy discharge mode. Constraints related to process continuity can be expressed as the number of process interruptions allowed, the allowed process interruption duration, or the requirements for the integrity of the pulse sequence.Constraints related to electromagnetic compatibility can be expressed as permissible electromagnetic radiation intensity, permissible conducted noise level, or limits on interference at specific frequencies. Their primary purpose is to ensure that overvoltage management does not affect normal process flows or interfere with other equipment.

[0034] Specifically, the solution of the present application obtains input information for predicting combined overvoltages. This information includes a first parameter reflecting the energy accumulation state of the snubber circuit and a second parameter reflecting the dynamic adjustment of future output pulse parameters. The simultaneous acquisition of these two types of information is necessary because combined overvoltages are the result of the combined voltage base rise caused by energy accumulation in the snubber circuit and the transient overvoltage spike caused by future pulse parameter adjustments. It is precisely by comprehensively considering these two key influencing factors that combined overvoltage prediction is possible. Based on the acquired input information, the system predicts at least one characteristic parameter of the combined overvoltage, such as peak value or energy. This prediction process utilizes the dynamic information about energy accumulation and parameter adjustment contained in the input information, thereby reflecting the complexity and variability of combined overvoltages. Based on the predicted combined overvoltage characteristic parameter, the system adjusts the operating parameters of at least one basic overvoltage protection device in the pulse power supply. This dynamic adjustment allows the response threshold or strength of the basic protection device to match the predicted overvoltage condition, improving the adaptability of the protection. At the same time, based on the predicted composite overvoltage characteristic parameters and preset constraints, the system selects and activates at least one of at least two preset energy discharge modes with different energy handling characteristics or different electromagnetic interference characteristics to manage the composite overvoltage energy. The preset constraints are related to the continuity of the material surface treatment process or the electromagnetic compatibility of the pulse power supply. This means that the selection of the energy discharge mode not only considers the overvoltage itself, but also its impact on the external environment and process flow. It is precisely through this mode selection based on predictions and constraints that overvoltage energy management can achieve functional implementation while taking into account process and EMC requirements. Finally, based on feedback information corresponding to actual overvoltage events, the system corrects the prediction process of the composite overvoltage characteristic parameters. This feedback mechanism enables the prediction model to learn and optimize based on actual operating data, reducing prediction deviations and enhancing the system's intelligence and adaptability.

[0035] As an embodiment of the present invention, the step of selecting and activating at least one energy discharge mode from at least two preset energy discharge modes having different energy handling characteristics or different electromagnetic interference characteristics to manage the energy of the composite overvoltage based on at least one characteristic parameter of the predicted composite overvoltage and at least one preset constraint condition includes:

[0036] Obtaining stage information representing the processing stage of the current material surface treatment process;

[0037] Determining electromagnetic interference constraint parameters and process flow interruption constraint parameters corresponding to the current processing stage based on the acquired stage information;

[0038] Based on at least one characteristic parameter of the predicted composite overvoltage, at least one preset constraint condition, and the electromagnetic interference constraint parameter and process flow interruption constraint parameter determined based on the stage information, the application method of the relevant constraints in the preset constraint condition when selecting the energy discharge mode is adjusted, and at least one energy discharge mode is selected and started from at least two preset energy discharge modes with different energy processing characteristics or different electromagnetic interference characteristics to manage the energy of the composite overvoltage.

[0039] Phase information refers to data used to identify the specific step or state currently being reached in the material surface treatment process. This information can be implemented using a phase code output by a process controller, a combination of process parameters (such as temperature, pressure, and gas composition) detected by sensors, or a phase identifier manually entered by an operator. Its purpose is to provide process context for subsequent constraint adjustment. The electromagnetic interference constraint parameter refers to a quantitative representation of the permissible range or strictness of the electromagnetic interference generated by the pulsed power supply during energy discharge during the current processing phase. This information can be implemented using a specific numerical threshold (such as the maximum permissible radiated field strength or conducted noise level), a level identifier (such as "high electromagnetic compatibility requirements" or "medium electromagnetic compatibility requirements"), or a set of weighting coefficients used to assess the impact of electromagnetic interference. Its purpose is to guide the selection of energy discharge modes to meet the electromagnetic compatibility requirements of the current phase. The process interruption constraint parameter refers to a quantitative expression of the permissible range or strictness of the frequency, duration, or impact of process interruptions that may be caused by energy discharge actions during the current processing stage. This parameter can be implemented using a specific numerical threshold (e.g., the maximum permissible single interruption duration, the permissible number of interruptions per unit time), a level identifier (e.g., "high continuity requirement," "low continuity requirement"), or a set of weight coefficients used to assess the impact of interruptions. Its purpose is to guide the selection of energy discharge modes to maintain process continuity during the current stage. Adjusting the application of the constraints related to the electromagnetic compatibility of the pulsed power supply and the continuity of the material surface treatment process in the preset constraint conditions during energy discharge mode selection refers to dynamically changing the influence weight, priority, or specific evaluation logic of the preset electromagnetic compatibility constraints and process continuity constraints in the energy discharge mode selection decision process based on the specific requirements of the current processing stage. This can be achieved by modifying the weight coefficients in the decision algorithm, switching between different decision rule sets, or adjusting the constraint satisfaction calculation method. Its purpose is to enable the selection of energy discharge modes to better adapt to the differentiated requirements for electromagnetic compatibility and process continuity in different processing stages.

[0040] The solution of this application obtains stage information representing the current processing stage of the material surface treatment process, thereby clarifying the specific requirements of the current process for electromagnetic compatibility and process continuity. Based on the obtained stage information, the electromagnetic interference constraint parameters and process interruption constraint parameters corresponding to the current processing stage are determined. This enables the system to dynamically set the tolerance or emphasis for electromagnetic interference and process interruption based on the actual progress of the process. The ability to obtain stage information and determine stage-specific constraint parameters enables the system to further utilize these stage-specific constraint parameters when selecting an energy discharge mode based on the predicted composite overvoltage characteristic parameters and preset constraints. This allows the system to further utilize these stage-specific constraint parameters to adjust the application of the preset constraints related to electromagnetic compatibility and the constraints related to the continuity of the material surface treatment process when selecting the energy discharge mode. This means that the system no longer simply uses fixed constraints for judgment, but instead flexibly adjusts the weight or priority of these two important factors in the decision-making process based on the requirements of the current process stage. For example, in stages sensitive to electromagnetic interference, electromagnetic compatibility constraints are given a higher weight; while in stages where process continuity is required, process interruption constraints are given a higher weight. This dynamic adjustment, combined with predicted overvoltage characteristic parameters, guides the selection of energy discharge modes. Therefore, the solution of this application enables refined selection of energy discharge modes, effectively managing compound overvoltage energy while better balancing the differentiated requirements of electromagnetic compatibility and process continuity at different processing stages.

[0041] As an embodiment of the present invention, the step of adjusting the application manner of relevant constraints in the preset constraint conditions when selecting the energy discharge mode includes:

[0042] detecting whether there is a mismatch between the manner in which the electromagnetic compatibility-related constraints and the manner in which the process continuity-related constraints are applied are applied in the process of adjusting the preset constraint conditions based on the stage information and the manner in which the continuity-related constraints of the pulse power supply are applied, for selecting an energy discharge mode;

[0043] If a target inconsistency is detected, a preset coordination rule associated with the current stage information is obtained, where the preset coordination rule specifies which constraint, between an electromagnetic compatibility-related constraint and a process continuity-related constraint, has priority to be satisfied under the condition of target inconsistency, or the preset coordination rule specifies a parameter adjustment method for balancing the electromagnetic compatibility-related constraint and the process continuity-related constraint to jointly guide the selection of the energy discharge mode;

[0044] And based on the obtained preset coordination rules, the coordinated application method finally used to select the energy discharge mode is determined as the adjustment result of the application method of the constraints related to the electromagnetic compatibility of the pulse power supply and the continuity of the material surface treatment process in the preset constraints when selecting the energy discharge mode.

[0045] Among them, in the process of adjusting the preset constraint conditions based on stage information and the constraint conditions related to the electromagnetic compatibility of the pulse power supply and the constraint conditions related to the continuity of the material surface treatment process for selecting the energy discharge mode, whether there is a target inconsistency between the application method of the electromagnetic compatibility-related constraint and the application method of the process continuity-related constraint. The purpose is to identify whether there is a conflict or contradiction between the two constraints after the constraint application method is preliminarily adjusted according to the stage information. This is the prerequisite for starting the subsequent coordination mechanism; target inconsistency refers to the situation where the energy discharge mode or its characteristics inclined by the application method of the electromagnetic compatibility-related constraint and the energy discharge mode or its characteristics inclined by the application method of the process continuity-related constraint conflict or are difficult to satisfy at the same time; the preset coordination rules associated with the current stage information are obtained, the purpose of which is to obtain a preset strategy or method for resolving the conflict according to the current process stage information when the target inconsistency is detected; the preset coordination rules refer to a set of rules pre-established to guide how to resolve the target inconsistency between the electromagnetic compatibility-related constraint and the process continuity-related constraint. Rules can specify which constraint has priority when a conflict occurs, or specify a parameter adjustment method for balancing the requirements of two constraints. Priority means that when goals are inconsistent, the system will give priority to satisfying the requirements of the constraint with that priority, possibly at the expense of some of the requirements of the other constraint. The parameter adjustment method used to balance constraints related to electromagnetic compatibility and constraints related to process continuity to jointly guide the selection of energy discharge mode refers to an algorithm or strategy that aims to find a compromise energy discharge mode selection scheme by adjusting relevant parameters so that the requirements of both electromagnetic compatibility and process continuity can be met to a certain extent. Based on the obtained preset coordination rules, the coordinated application method for ultimately selecting the energy discharge mode is determined. The purpose is to convert the application results of the coordination rules into a specific application method that is actually used to guide the selection of the energy discharge mode. The coordinated application method refers to the application method for ultimately selecting the energy discharge mode obtained after goal inconsistency detection and processing of the preset coordination rules. This application method comprehensively considers the requirements of both electromagnetic compatibility and process continuity and resolves potential conflicts between them.

[0046] The solution of this application adds a step to detect whether there are inconsistencies between the application methods of electromagnetic compatibility and process continuity constraints during the process of adjusting the application methods of these two constraints based on stage information. This detection enables the timely detection of potential conflicts. If a target inconsistency is detected, a preset coordination rule associated with the current stage information is further obtained. This rule provides a basis for resolving the conflict, whether by specifying priority or balancing constraints through parameter adjustment, providing clear guidance for resolving the conflict. Ultimately, based on the obtained preset coordination rule, a coordinated application method is determined. This application method integrates the requirements of electromagnetic compatibility and process continuity and resolves the conflicts between them, thereby more rationally guiding the selection of energy discharge mode. Compared to the basic solution that only adjusts the application method of constraints based on stage information, this application adds a conflict detection and coordination mechanism. This allows for effective resolution of conflicts in complex scenarios where electromagnetic compatibility and process continuity constraints may conflict, ensuring that the energy discharge mode selected can effectively manage compound overvoltages while also meeting the requirements of electromagnetic compatibility and process continuity, thereby improving the adaptability and robustness of the entire method.

[0047] As an embodiment of the present invention, the preset coordination rule specifies the steps of a parameter adjustment method for balancing constraints related to the electromagnetic compatibility of the pulsed power supply and constraints related to process continuity to jointly guide the selection of the energy discharge mode, including:

[0048] Obtaining first process impact data representing an actual impact of the energy discharge mode on the material surface treatment process, and first electromagnetic interference data representing actual electromagnetic interference characteristics generated by the energy discharge mode, after balancing constraints related to the electromagnetic compatibility of the pulse power supply and constraints related to the continuity of the material surface treatment process based on the parameter adjustment method and selecting and executing the energy discharge mode;

[0049] Acquire second process impact data corresponding to the current stage information, which is set for the parameter adjustment mode before executing the energy discharge mode and is used to characterize the expected coordination result, and second electromagnetic interference data used to characterize the expected coordination result;

[0050] Determining a process impact deviation based on the acquired first process impact data and the second process impact data, and determining an electromagnetic interference deviation based on the acquired first electromagnetic interference data and the second electromagnetic interference data;

[0051] Based on at least one of the determined process impact deviation and electromagnetic interference deviation, adjust at least one internal adjustable parameter in the parameter adjustment method for determining the balance relationship between the constraints related to the electromagnetic compatibility of the pulse power supply and the constraints related to the continuity of the material surface treatment process, or adjust the calculation process in the parameter adjustment method for outputting the balance result to correct the parameter adjustment method.

[0052] Among them, "parameter adjustment method" refers to an algorithm or model used to quantify and balance the relationship between electromagnetic compatibility constraints and process continuity constraints. It can be implemented using a rule-based expert system, fuzzy logic controller, machine learning model, or optimization algorithm. Its purpose is to dynamically determine the relative importance or weight of electromagnetic compatibility and process continuity in the selection of energy discharge mode based on the current process stage and predicted overvoltage characteristics, thereby guiding the selection of the most appropriate energy discharge mode. "First process impact data" refers to quantitative information collected by sensors or monitoring systems after the actual implementation of the selected energy discharge mode, which directly or indirectly reflects the impact of the mode on the smoothness of the material surface treatment process, product quality, or equipment status. It may include data such as the number of process interruptions, product qualification rate, equipment operating temperature, and processing time fluctuations. Its purpose is to objectively evaluate the process performance of the energy discharge mode in actual application. "First electromagnetic interference data" refers to quantitative information characterizing the conducted or radiated electromagnetic noise generated by a selected energy discharge mode, collected by electromagnetic compatibility testing equipment or monitoring probes after the mode is actually executed. This information may include voltage or current noise amplitude, spectral distribution, electric or magnetic field strength, and other data within a specific frequency range. Its purpose is to objectively evaluate the electromagnetic compatibility characteristics of the energy discharge mode in actual applications. "Second process impact data" refers to quantitative information characterizing the expected impact of the mode on the material surface treatment process under ideal conditions, predicted or calculated based on current process stage information and a preset parameter adjustment model before the energy discharge mode is executed. This information may be based on historical data, simulation models, or expert experience, and is intended to provide a benchmark for comparison with actual process impact data. "Second electromagnetic interference data" refers to quantitative information characterizing the expected electromagnetic interference generated by the mode under ideal conditions, predicted or calculated based on current process stage information and a preset parameter adjustment model before the energy discharge mode is executed. This information may be based on historical data, simulation models, or expert experience, and is intended to provide a benchmark for comparison with actual electromagnetic interference data. "Process impact deviation" refers to the difference between the first and second process impact data. It can be expressed as an absolute difference, a relative difference, or some error metric. Its purpose is to quantify the degree of deviation between the actual process impact and the expected process impact. "Electromagnetic interference deviation" refers to the difference between the first and second electromagnetic interference data. It can be expressed as an absolute difference, a relative difference, or some error metric. Its purpose is to quantify the degree of deviation between the actual electromagnetic interference and the expected electromagnetic interference."Internally adjustable parameters" refer to values ​​or weights within a parameter adjustment algorithm or model that can be modified or optimized. These may include model coefficients, thresholds, weighting factors, etc. The purpose is to change the output of the parameter adjustment method by adjusting these parameters, thereby affecting the balance between electromagnetic compatibility constraints and process continuity constraints. "Operational process" refers to the logical flow or calculation steps within a parameter adjustment algorithm or model used to process input data and produce a balanced result. These may include mathematical formulas, judgment rules, lookup tables, etc. The purpose is to change the function or behavior of the parameter adjustment method by modifying the operational process.

[0053] The solution of this application dynamically optimizes the parameter adjustment method used to balance electromagnetic compatibility constraints and process continuity constraints by constructing a feedback-based adaptive mechanism. First, after executing the energy release mode selected based on the current parameter adjustment mode, the system obtains data on the actual impact of the mode on the material surface treatment process and the actual electromagnetic interference data generated. This first-level data objectively reflects the actual performance of the energy release mode under the guidance of the current parameter adjustment mode. Simultaneously, the system obtains expected process impact data and expected electromagnetic interference data, which were set based on the current process stage information and the parameter adjustment mode model before executing the mode. This second-level data represents the expected coordination results under the current parameter adjustment mode. By comparing the actual data with the expected data, the process impact deviation and electromagnetic interference deviation are calculated. These deviations quantify the gap between the actual effect and the expected target and are key indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of the current parameter adjustment mode. Based on this deviation information, the system modifies the parameter adjustment mode itself. This modification can be achieved by adjusting the numerical parameters used to determine the constraint balance relationship within the parameter adjustment mode, such as weights or coefficients, or by modifying the parameter adjustment mode's operational logic or algorithm flow. This correction process based on actual feedback forms a closed-loop control loop, allowing the parameter adjustment method to be iteratively optimized based on the actual operating results. This dynamic correction mechanism, combined with the aforementioned scheme of adjusting the constraint application method based on stage information and handling inconsistent targets based on preset coordination rules, enables the entire overvoltage management method to more accurately and flexibly balance electromagnetic compatibility and process continuity requirements. By continuously adjusting the parameter adjustment method based on actual operating feedback, the system can better adapt to the ever-changing working conditions and environment during the material surface treatment process, thereby selecting a more optimal energy discharge mode, effectively managing compound overvoltages, while minimizing interference with the process flow and reducing electromagnetic radiation. This adaptive optimization capability significantly improves the robustness and effectiveness of the overvoltage management method.

[0054] As an embodiment of the present invention, when the parameter adjustment method includes multiple internal adjustable parameters and the adjustment of the multiple internal adjustable parameters has a coupled impact on the balance relationship, the step of adjusting at least one internal adjustable parameter in the parameter adjustment method for determining the balance relationship between the constraints related to the electromagnetic compatibility of the pulse power supply and the constraints related to the continuity of the material surface treatment process includes:

[0055] Obtain the stage information of the current material surface treatment process;

[0056] Based on the acquired stage information, determine the emphasis of the current stage on constraints related to electromagnetic compatibility and constraints related to process continuity;

[0057] For a target internal tunable parameter among the plurality of internal tunable parameters, when adjusting the target internal tunable parameter based on at least one of the determined process impact deviation and the determined electromagnetic interference deviation to determine a balance relationship:

[0058] Calculating, based on a preset interaction characteristic characterizing the coupled influence of multiple internal adjustable parameters on the balance relationship, an expected change in contribution of at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter to achieving the balance relationship under the current stage's emphasis, resulting from adjusting the target internal adjustable parameter;

[0059] Based on the calculated expected contribution change and the focus of the current stage, a linkage adjustment is performed on at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter, or a subsequent adjustment setting for at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter is adjusted to compensate for the coupling effect caused by the adjustment of the target internal adjustable parameter, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the parameter adjustment method in adjusting the balance relationship at the current material surface treatment process stage after adjusting the target internal adjustable parameter and at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter.

[0060] The parameter adjustment method refers to a method or model used to determine the trade-off or coordination between electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) constraints and process continuity constraints. It can be implemented using a rule-based system, a fuzzy logic controller, or a machine learning model. Internally adjustable parameters refer to variables that can be modified or set within the parameter adjustment method. These variables affect the output of the parameter adjustment method, namely, the balance between the EMC constraints and the process continuity constraints. These variables can include weight coefficients, thresholds, model parameters, or control gains. The equilibrium relationship refers to the coordination achieved between the EMC constraints and the process continuity constraints at a specific material surface treatment process stage. This balance enables the selection of an energy discharge mode that manages combined overvoltages while balancing electromagnetic interference levels and process continuity. This can be expressed as the relative importance, priority, or setting of specific numerical targets for the two constraints. Coupling influences refer to the interrelationships and influences between multiple internally adjustable parameters within the parameter adjustment method. Adjusting one parameter indirectly or directly affects the contribution of other parameters to the equilibrium relationship or their own state. This can be expressed as nonlinear relationships, dependencies, or mutual constraints between the parameters. The interaction characteristic refers to a pre-established law or model that describes the coupling effects between multiple internal adjustable parameters in the parameter adjustment method. It can be represented by a mathematical function, a lookup table, or a statistical model based on historical data. The expected contribution change refers to the amount or direction of the change in the contribution of at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter to achieving the balance relationship focused on in the current stage after adjusting the target internal adjustable parameter, as predicted based on the interaction characteristic. It can be a numerical value, a vector, or a trend description. Adjusting the subsequent adjustment settings for at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter refers to modifying or updating the strategy, target value, adjustment range, or priority settings for these non-target parameters in future adjustment processes after adjusting the target internal adjustable parameter, so as to improve the effectiveness of addressing the coupling effects in subsequent adjustment cycles. Compensating for the coupling effects caused by adjusting the target internal adjustable parameter refers to offsetting or mitigating the unintended effects of the target internal adjustable parameter adjustment on the overall balance relationship by performing a linked adjustment or adjusting the subsequent adjustment settings of at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter, thereby bringing the overall output of the parameter adjustment method closer to the actual balance state required in the current material surface treatment process stage. Among them, the adjustment accuracy of the balance relationship by the parameter adjustment method in the current material surface treatment process stage refers to the degree of proximity between the balance result output by the parameter adjustment method after adjustment and the target balance state between the electromagnetic compatibility constraints and process continuity constraints actually required in the current material surface treatment process stage. It can be measured by deviation, error rate or satisfaction.

[0061] First, information about the current material surface treatment process stage is obtained, enabling the system to understand the specific state of the current process. Based on this acquired stage information, the system determines the current stage's emphasis on constraints related to electromagnetic compatibility and process continuity. When adjusting a target internal adjustable parameter among multiple internal adjustable parameters, the adjustment is made based on at least one of the aforementioned determined process impact deviations and electromagnetic interference deviations, with the goal of revising the parameter adjustment method to reduce these deviations. Unlike independently adjusting target parameters, this solution further considers the interactions between parameters. Based on pre-defined interaction characteristics that characterize the coupled influence of multiple internal adjustable parameters on the equilibrium relationship, the system calculates the expected contribution of at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter to achieving the equilibrium relationship under the current stage's emphasis, resulting from adjusting the target internal adjustable parameter. This means that the system can predict how the adjustment of the target parameter will affect other parameters through coupling effects, and how these influences will change the overall equilibrium state.

[0062] Based on the calculated expected contribution change and the focus of the current stage, the system performs a linkage adjustment on at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter, or adjusts the subsequent adjustment setting for at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter. Linkage adjustment refers to the simultaneous compensatory adjustment of non-target parameters based on the predicted coupling effect. Adjusting the subsequent adjustment setting refers to modifying the strategy or target for future adjustments of non-target parameters. The purpose of these operations is to compensate for the coupling effect caused by the adjustment of the target internal adjustable parameter, and to ensure the accuracy of the parameter adjustment method in adjusting the balance relationship at the current material surface treatment process stage after adjusting the target internal adjustable parameter and at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter.

[0063] As an embodiment of the present invention, the step of performing linked adjustment on at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter includes:

[0064] Obtaining a linkage adjustment amount calculated for at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter, obtaining a preset operating parameter range for at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter, and obtaining a process flow smoothness constraint associated with a current material surface treatment process stage;

[0065] Based on the obtained linkage adjustment amount, the preset operating parameter range, and the process smoothness constraint, evaluating whether the linkage adjustment amount, when applied to at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter, causes the adjustment result thereof to exceed the preset operating parameter range, or whether it causes the fluctuation of the process to violate the process smoothness constraint, thereby obtaining an evaluation result;

[0066] If the evaluation result indicates that a preset operating parameter range will be exceeded or a process flow smoothness constraint will be violated, a revised linkage adjustment strategy is determined based on a preset balance between the need to compensate for coupling effects and maintaining the adjustment result of at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter within the preset operating parameter range and maintaining the process flow to meet the process flow smoothness constraint, and linkage adjustment is performed on the at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter according to the determined revised linkage adjustment strategy;

[0067] If the evaluation result does not indicate that the preset operating parameter range will be exceeded and the process flow smoothness constraint is not violated, a linkage adjustment is performed on at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter based on the calculated linkage adjustment amount.

[0068] Among them, the linkage adjustment amount refers to the value calculated to compensate for the coupling effect caused by the adjustment of the target internal adjustable parameter, which is used to adjust at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter. It can be calculated according to a preset parameter interaction model or through an online learning algorithm; the preset working parameter range refers to the numerical range set for at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter, which is allowed to take values ​​or adjustment results. It can be determined according to equipment specifications, process requirements or historical data; process smoothness constraint refers to the restriction conditions set for the degree of fluctuation of key parameters (such as temperature, pressure, current, deposition rate, etc.) in the material surface treatment process, which can be expressed as an upper limit on the parameter change rate, an upper limit on the parameter fluctuation amplitude or a parameter change range limit within a specific time window; the evaluation result refers to the value of the process smoothness constraint based on the linkage adjustment amount, the preset working parameter range and the process smoothness constraint. Stability constraint, a judgment result on the possible consequences of applying the linkage adjustment amount, which can be a Boolean value (indicating whether it is exceeded or violated) or a set containing risk level information; the preset balance target refers to the trade-off target set between the need to compensate for the coupling effect, maintain the adjustment result of at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter within the preset working parameter range, and maintain the process flow to meet the process flow stability constraint. It can be a priority list, a weighted function or an objective function of a multi-objective optimization problem; the modified linkage adjustment strategy refers to a modified adjustment scheme used to adjust at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter when the evaluation result indicates that it will exceed the preset working parameter range or violate the process flow stability constraint. It can be an adjustment amount obtained by scaling, truncating or recalculating the original linkage adjustment amount based on the optimization algorithm.

[0069] The solution of the present application provides the necessary information basis for subsequent evaluation and adjustment by obtaining the linkage adjustment amount calculated for at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter, the preset working parameter range of at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter, and the process smoothness constraint associated with the current material surface treatment process stage. The linkage adjustment amount reflects the initial need to compensate for the coupling effect, while the parameter range and process constraints set the boundary conditions that the adjustment must meet. Based on this information, the solution further evaluates whether the linkage adjustment amount, when applied to at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter, will cause its adjustment result to exceed the preset working parameter range, or whether it will cause the fluctuation of the process to violate the process smoothness constraint. This evaluation step is the key to the solution. It can identify potential risks in advance and avoid introducing new problems due to the blind application of linkage adjustment amounts. According to the evaluation results, the solution adopts a situation-by-case approach. If the evaluation results indicate a potential violation of the preset operating parameter range or a process smoothness constraint, the original linkage adjustment is not directly applied. Instead, a revised linkage adjustment strategy is determined, guided by the goal of achieving a predetermined balance between compensating for coupling effects and maintaining the adjustment result of at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter within the preset operating parameter range and maintaining the process smoothness constraint. The at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter is then subjected to linkage adjustment based on the revised linkage adjustment strategy. This means that when risks exist, the solution will make trade-offs, potentially sacrificing some compensation for coupling effects to ensure parameter rationality and process smoothness. If the evaluation results do not indicate a potential violation of the preset operating parameter range and process smoothness constraints, the original linkage adjustment is safe, and linkage adjustment can be directly applied to the at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter based on the calculated linkage adjustment. This evaluation and case-by-case approach, combined with the coupling-based linkage adjustment mechanism proposed in the previous scheme, forms a more comprehensive and robust parameter adjustment method.

[0070] As an embodiment of the present invention, the step of determining a modified linkage adjustment strategy includes:

[0071] Obtain assessment results and preset balance targets;

[0072] Based on the obtained evaluation results and the preset balance target, the weight or priority between the need to compensate for the coupling effect, maintaining the adjustment result of at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter within the preset operating parameter range, and maintaining the process flow to meet the process flow smoothness constraint;

[0073] Determine the revised linkage adjustment strategy based on the adjusted weights or priorities.

[0074] Among them, the evaluation result refers to the evaluation result of the risk that may be generated when the linkage adjustment amount is applied to at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter, which can indicate the possibility or degree of the parameter adjustment result exceeding the preset working parameter range, and the possibility or degree of the process flow fluctuation violating the process flow smoothness constraint; the preset balance target refers to the expected state or balance relationship that needs to be achieved between compensating for coupling effects, maintaining the adjustment result of at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter within the preset working parameter range, and maintaining the process flow to meet the process flow smoothness constraint; the need to compensate for coupling effects refers to the degree or necessity of offsetting the coupling effect of the target internal adjustable parameter adjustment on the balance relationship through linkage adjustment; maintaining the adjustment result of at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter within the preset working parameter range refers to Ensure that after the linkage adjustment, the actual value or change of at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter will not exceed its pre-set allowable range; maintaining the process flow to meet the process flow smoothness constraint means ensuring that the linkage adjustment process or result will not cause unexpected violent fluctuations, interruptions or instability in the material surface treatment process flow; weight or priority refers to the importance or decision-making influence given to each of the three when determining the revised linkage adjustment strategy, namely, the need to compensate for the coupling effect, maintaining the adjustment result of at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter within the preset working parameter range, and maintaining the process flow to meet the process flow smoothness constraint; the revised linkage adjustment strategy refers to the specific plan or rule determined according to the adjusted weight or priority, used to guide the implementation of the linkage adjustment of at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter.

[0075] The solution of this application obtains the evaluation results and preset balance targets as inputs, and based on these inputs, dynamically adjusts the weights or priorities between the need to compensate for coupling effects, maintain parameters within the preset operating parameter range, and maintain the process flow to meet the smoothness constraint. Based on the adjusted weights or priorities, a revised linkage adjustment strategy is determined. This approach allows the system to flexibly adjust the importance of each factor based on the actual risk level and the desired balance target when linkage adjustments may cause parameter overruns or process flow fluctuations.

[0076] As an embodiment of the present invention, the step of adjusting the weight or priority among the need to compensate for coupling effects, maintaining the adjustment result of at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter within a preset operating parameter range, and maintaining the process flow to meet the process flow smoothness constraint includes:

[0077] Obtain the level of risk indicated by the assessment results;

[0078] Calculate the adjusted contribution ratio of each of the above three based on the obtained risk levels;

[0079] Adjust the weights among the above three based on the calculated adjustment contribution ratio.

[0080] The adjustment contribution ratio refers to the degree to which the need to compensate for coupling effects, maintain the adjustment result of at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter within the preset operating parameter range, and maintain the process flow to meet the process flow smoothness constraint should be emphasized or prioritized when determining the revised linkage adjustment strategy. It can be expressed in the form of percentage, weight factor, or priority order. Its purpose is to quantify the importance of different objectives in the strategy adjustment.

[0081] Among them, the adjustment weight refers to the change in the relative importance or influence of the three factors in determining the modified linkage adjustment strategy, namely, the need to compensate for the coupling effect, maintaining the adjustment result of at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter within the preset working parameter range, and maintaining the process flow to meet the process flow smoothness constraint based on the calculated adjustment contribution ratio. It can be achieved by directly modifying the weight value, adjusting the priority order, or changing the parameters in the decision rule. Its purpose is to enable the modified linkage adjustment strategy to balance the relationship between the three.

[0082] The solution of the present application obtains the various risk levels indicated by the evaluation results, which quantify the risk of parameter overruns and process fluctuations that may be caused by the linkage adjustment. Based on these quantified risk levels, the adjustment contribution ratios of the three factors, namely, the need to compensate for the coupling effect, maintaining the parameters within the limit, and maintaining process stability, are calculated. This ratio reflects which aspect needs to be given priority or given greater weight under the current risk situation. For example, if the risk of parameter overruns is very high, the adjustment contribution ratio of maintaining the parameters within the limit will increase accordingly. Finally, based on the calculated adjustment contribution ratio, the weights of the three factors, namely, the need to compensate for the coupling effect, maintaining the parameters within the limit, and maintaining the process flow to meet the process flow stability constraints, are dynamically adjusted when determining the revised linkage adjustment strategy. This method of dynamically adjusting weights based on the risk level enables the revised linkage adjustment strategy to be adaptively adjusted according to the actual risk situation, thereby balancing the relationship between the need to compensate for the coupling effect and avoiding parameter overruns and process fluctuations.

[0083] As an embodiment of the present invention, the steps of calculating the respective adjustment contribution ratios of the need to compensate for coupling effects, maintaining the adjustment result of at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter within a preset operating parameter range, and maintaining the process flow satisfying the process flow smoothness constraint include:

[0084] Obtaining a compensation coupling risk level value R_c, which indicates the risk level of the need to compensate for coupling effects, a parameter overlimit risk level value R_p, which indicates the risk level of maintaining an adjustment result of at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter within a preset operating parameter range, and a process flow fluctuation risk level value R_s, which indicates the risk level of maintaining the process flow satisfying a process flow smoothness constraint, as indicated by the assessment result;

[0085] Obtaining a preset compensation coupling risk conversion function f_transform_c(R) for converting the compensation coupling risk degree value R_c into the compensation coupling impact score IS_c, a parameter exceedance risk conversion function f_transform_p(R) ​​for converting the parameter exceedance risk degree value R_p into the parameter exceedance impact score IS_p, and a process flow fluctuation risk conversion function f_transform_s(R) for converting the process flow fluctuation risk degree value R_s into the process flow fluctuation impact score IS_s, wherein at least one of the compensation coupling risk conversion function f_transform_c(R), the parameter exceedance risk conversion function f_transform_p(R), and the process flow fluctuation risk conversion function f_transform_s(R) is a nonlinear function;

[0086] Based on the obtained compensation coupling risk level value R_c, parameter overlimit risk level value R_p, and process flow fluctuation risk level value R_s, the compensation coupling impact score IS_c, parameter overlimit impact score IS_p, and process flow fluctuation impact score IS_s are calculated respectively. The calculation method is:

[0087] IS_c = f_transform_c(R_c)

[0088] IS_p = f_transform_p(R_p)

[0089] IS_s = f_transform_s(R_s);

[0090] Calculate the sum of the compensation coupling impact score IS_c, the parameter limit impact score IS_p, and the process flow fluctuation impact score IS_s, IS_total, as follows:

[0091] IS_total = IS_c + IS_p + IS_s;

[0092] If the sum IS_total is greater than zero, then based on the compensation coupling impact score IS_c, the parameter limit impact score IS_p, the process fluctuation impact score IS_s, and the sum IS_total, calculate the adjustment contribution ratio P_c required to compensate for the coupling impact, the adjustment contribution ratio P_p required to maintain the adjustment result of at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter within the preset operating parameter range, and the adjustment contribution ratio P_s required to maintain the process flow meeting the process smoothness constraint. The calculation method is:

[0093] P_c = IS_c / IS_total

[0094] P_p = IS_p / IS_total

[0095] P_s = IS_s / IS_total

[0096] If the total IS_total is equal to zero, the adjustment contribution ratio P_c for compensating for the coupling effect, the adjustment contribution ratio P_p for maintaining the adjustment result of at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter within the preset working parameter range, and the adjustment contribution ratio P_s for maintaining the process flow to meet the process flow smoothness constraint are all set to the preset basic ratio values.

[0097] The solution of this application obtains various risk severity values ​​indicated by the assessment results, including the compensation coupling risk severity value R_c, the parameter limit risk severity value R_p, and the process flow fluctuation risk severity value R_s. These values ​​quantify the potential risks in different aspects. Then, using a pre-defined risk conversion function, these risk severity values ​​are converted into uniform impact scores IS_c, IS_p, and IS_s. The use of conversion functions, particularly those that include nonlinear functions, is due to the fact that different types of risks may have varying natures and degrees of impact on the final adjustment strategy, and this impact relationship may not be a simple linear relationship. For example, a low risk severity may have little impact, but once the risk severity exceeds a certain threshold, the impact rapidly increases. Nonlinear functions can better capture this nonlinear relationship, allowing high-risk situations to receive more attention. By converting different risks into comparable impact scores, the solution can comprehensively consider the relative importance of the three objectives of compensation coupling, parameter limits, and process stability in the current state. The sum of these impact scores, IS_total, is then calculated, reflecting the overall risk level. If the total is greater than zero, it indicates that there is a risk that needs to be addressed. At this time, the respective adjustment contribution ratios P_c, P_p, and P_s are calculated based on the proportion of each impact score in the total.

[0098] like Figure 2An overvoltage protection system for power electronic switches and a pulse power supply for material surface treatment processes are shown. The system includes:

[0099] An information acquisition module 201 is configured to acquire input information for predicting a composite overvoltage, the input information including: a first parameter representing an energy accumulation state of a snubber circuit in a pulse power supply, and a second parameter representing a dynamic adjustment of parameters for future output pulses of the pulse power supply;

[0100] a characteristic parameter prediction module 202 for predicting, based on the input information acquired by the information acquisition module, at least one characteristic parameter of a composite overvoltage generated by the combined effects of energy accumulation in the snubber circuit and dynamic parameter adjustment of future output pulses;

[0101] a protection device adjustment module 203, configured to adjust an operating parameter of at least one basic overvoltage protection device in the pulse power supply according to at least one characteristic parameter of the composite overvoltage predicted by the characteristic parameter prediction module;

[0102] an energy discharge management module 204, configured to select and activate at least one energy discharge mode from at least two preset energy discharge modes having different energy handling characteristics or different electromagnetic interference characteristics, based on at least one characteristic parameter of the composite overvoltage predicted by the characteristic parameter prediction module and at least one preset constraint condition, to manage the energy of the composite overvoltage;

[0103] The prediction and correction module 205 is configured to correct a prediction process of at least one characteristic parameter of a composite overvoltage based on feedback information corresponding to an actually occurring overvoltage event.

[0104] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions only describe the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims

1. An overvoltage protection method for power electronic switches and a pulse power supply for material surface treatment processes, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Acquiring input information for predicting a composite overvoltage, the input information comprising: a first parameter characterizing an energy accumulation state of a buffer circuit in the pulse power supply, and a second parameter characterizing a dynamic adjustment of a parameter of a future output pulse of the pulse power supply; Based on the acquired input information, predict at least one characteristic parameter of the composite overvoltage generated by the combined effect of energy accumulation in the buffer circuit and dynamic adjustment of parameters of the future output pulse; adjusting an operating parameter of at least one basic overvoltage protection device in the pulse power supply according to the at least one characteristic parameter of the predicted composite overvoltage; selecting and activating at least one energy discharge mode from at least two preset energy discharge modes having different energy handling characteristics or different electromagnetic interference characteristics based on the at least one characteristic parameter of the predicted composite overvoltage and at least one preset constraint condition to manage the energy of the composite overvoltage; Correcting a prediction process of the at least one characteristic parameter of the composite overvoltage based on feedback information corresponding to an actually occurring overvoltage event; The step of selecting and activating at least one energy discharge mode from at least two preset energy discharge modes having different energy handling characteristics or different electromagnetic interference characteristics to manage the energy of the predicted composite overvoltage according to the at least one characteristic parameter of the predicted composite overvoltage and at least one preset constraint condition, to manage the energy of the composite overvoltage includes: Obtaining stage information representing the processing stage of the current material surface treatment process; Determining electromagnetic interference constraint parameters and process flow interruption constraint parameters corresponding to the processing stage of the current material surface treatment process based on the acquired stage information; adjusting, based on the at least one characteristic parameter of the predicted composite overvoltage, at least one preset constraint, and the electromagnetic interference constraint parameter and the process flow interruption constraint parameter determined based on the stage information, how the relevant constraints in the preset constraint are applied when selecting the energy discharge mode, and selecting and activating at least one energy discharge mode from at least two preset energy discharge modes having different energy handling characteristics or different electromagnetic interference characteristics to manage the energy of the composite overvoltage; The step of adjusting the application manner of the relevant constraints in the preset constraint conditions when selecting the energy discharge mode includes: detecting whether there is a target inconsistency between the application manner of the constraint related to the electromagnetic compatibility of the pulse power supply and the application manner of the constraint related to the continuity of the material surface treatment process in the process of adjusting, based on the stage information, an application manner of the constraint related to the electromagnetic compatibility and an application manner of the constraint related to the process continuity in selecting the energy discharge mode; If the target inconsistency is detected, obtaining a preset coordination rule associated with the current stage information, wherein the preset coordination rule specifies which constraint, between the electromagnetic compatibility constraint and the process continuity constraint, has priority to be satisfied under the condition of the target inconsistency, or the preset coordination rule specifies a parameter adjustment method for balancing the electromagnetic compatibility constraint and the process continuity constraint to jointly guide the selection of the energy discharge mode; And based on the obtained preset coordination rules, the coordinated application method ultimately used to select the energy discharge mode is determined as an adjustment result of the application method of the constraints related to the electromagnetic compatibility of the pulse power supply and the constraints related to the continuity of the material surface treatment process in the preset constraints when selecting the energy discharge mode.

2. The overvoltage protection method for a power electronic switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preset constraint condition is associated with the continuity of the material surface treatment process or the electromagnetic compatibility of the pulse power supply.

3. The overvoltage protection method for a power electronic switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preset coordination rule specifies a parameter adjustment method for balancing constraints related to the electromagnetic compatibility of the pulsed power supply and constraints related to the process continuity to jointly guide the energy discharge mode selection, including the following steps: Obtaining first process impact data representing an actual impact of the energy discharge mode on the material surface treatment process, and first electromagnetic interference data representing actual electromagnetic interference characteristics generated by the energy discharge mode, after balancing constraints related to the electromagnetic compatibility of the pulse power supply and constraints related to the continuity of the material surface treatment process based on the parameter adjustment method and selecting and executing the energy discharge mode; Acquiring second process impact data corresponding to the current stage information and set for the parameter adjustment mode before executing the energy discharge mode, for characterizing the expected coordination result, and second electromagnetic interference data for characterizing the expected coordination result; Determining a process impact deviation based on the first process impact data and the second process impact data obtained, and determining an electromagnetic interference deviation based on the first electromagnetic interference data and the second electromagnetic interference data obtained; Based on at least one of the determined process impact deviation and the electromagnetic interference deviation, adjust at least one internal adjustable parameter in the parameter adjustment method for determining the balance relationship between the constraints related to the electromagnetic compatibility of the pulse power supply and the constraints related to the continuity of the material surface treatment process, or adjust the calculation process in the parameter adjustment method for outputting the balance result to correct the parameter adjustment method.

4. The overvoltage protection method for a power electronic switch according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the parameter adjustment method includes a plurality of the internal adjustable parameters and the adjustment of the plurality of internal adjustable parameters has a coupling effect on the balance relationship, the step of adjusting at least one internal adjustable parameter in the parameter adjustment method for determining the balance relationship between the constraint related to the electromagnetic compatibility of the pulse power supply and the constraint related to the continuity of the material surface treatment process includes: Obtaining the stage information of the current surface treatment process of the material; Determining, based on the acquired stage information, the emphasis of the current stage on the constraints related to electromagnetic compatibility and the constraints related to process continuity; For a target internal adjustable parameter among the plurality of internal adjustable parameters, when adjusting the target internal adjustable parameter based on at least one of the determined process impact deviation and the determined electromagnetic interference deviation to determine the balance relationship: Calculating, based on a preset interaction characteristic characterizing the coupling effects of the multiple internal adjustable parameters on the balance relationship, an expected contribution change of at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter to achieving the balance relationship under the emphasis of the current stage, resulting from adjusting the target internal adjustable parameter; Based on the calculated expected contribution change and the emphasis of the current stage, a linkage adjustment is performed on the at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter, or a subsequent adjustment setting for the at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter is adjusted to compensate for the coupling effect caused by the adjustment of the target internal adjustable parameter, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the adjustment of the balance relationship by the parameter adjustment method at the current material surface treatment process stage after adjusting the target internal adjustable parameter and the at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter.

5. The overvoltage protection method for a power electronic switch according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step of performing linked adjustment on the at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter includes: Obtaining a linkage adjustment amount calculated for the at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter, obtaining a preset operating parameter range for the at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter, and obtaining a process flow smoothness constraint associated with the current material surface treatment process stage; Based on the obtained linkage adjustment amount, the preset operating parameter range, and the process flow smoothness constraint, evaluating whether the linkage adjustment amount, when applied to the at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter, causes an adjustment result thereof to exceed the preset operating parameter range, or whether it causes fluctuations in the process flow to violate the process flow smoothness constraint, to obtain an evaluation result; If the evaluation result indicates that the preset operating parameter range will be exceeded or the process flow smoothness constraint will be violated, a revised linkage adjustment strategy is determined based on the need to compensate for the coupling effect and maintain the adjustment result of the at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter within the preset operating parameter range and maintain the process flow to meet the process flow smoothness constraint, and linkage adjustment is performed on the at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter according to the determined revised linkage adjustment strategy; If the evaluation result does not indicate that the preset operating parameter range will be exceeded and the process flow smoothness constraint is not violated, then a linkage adjustment is performed on the at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter based on the calculated linkage adjustment amount.

6. The overvoltage protection method for a power electronic switch according to claim 5, characterized in that: The steps for determining a revised linkage adjustment strategy include: Obtaining the assessment result and the preset balance target; Adjusting, based on the obtained evaluation result and the preset balance target, the weights or priorities among the need to compensate for the coupling effect, maintaining the adjustment result of the at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter within the preset operating parameter range, and maintaining the process flow satisfying the process flow smoothness constraint; The modified linkage adjustment strategy is determined based on the adjusted weights or priorities.

7. The overvoltage protection method for a power electronic switch according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step of adjusting the weight or priority among the requirement of compensating for the coupling effect, maintaining the adjustment result of the at least one other non-target internal adjustable parameter within the preset operating parameter range, and maintaining the process flow satisfying the process flow smoothness constraint includes: Obtaining the various risk levels indicated by the assessment results; Calculate the adjusted contribution ratio of each of the above three factors based on the obtained risk levels; The weights among the above three are adjusted according to the calculated adjustment contribution ratio.

8. An overvoltage protection system for a power electronic switch, applicable to an overvoltage protection method for a power electronic switch according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and a pulse power supply for a material surface treatment process, characterized in that: The system includes: An information acquisition module is configured to acquire input information for predicting a composite overvoltage, the input information comprising: a first parameter representing an energy accumulation state of a buffer circuit in the pulse power supply, and a second parameter representing a dynamic adjustment of a parameter of a future output pulse of the pulse power supply; a characteristic parameter prediction module, configured to predict, based on the input information acquired by the information acquisition module, at least one characteristic parameter of the composite overvoltage generated by the combined effects of energy accumulation in the buffer circuit and dynamic parameter adjustment of the future output pulse; a protection device adjustment module, configured to adjust an operating parameter of at least one basic overvoltage protection device in the pulse power supply according to the at least one characteristic parameter of the composite overvoltage predicted by the characteristic parameter prediction module; an energy discharge management module, configured to select and activate at least one energy discharge mode from at least two preset energy discharge modes having different energy handling characteristics or different electromagnetic interference characteristics, based on the at least one characteristic parameter of the composite overvoltage predicted by the characteristic parameter prediction module and at least one preset constraint condition, so as to manage the energy of the composite overvoltage; The prediction and correction module is used to correct the prediction process of the at least one characteristic parameter of the composite overvoltage based on feedback information corresponding to the actual overvoltage event.

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