A cluster head rotation method for sensor network in complex environment

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of communication, and particularly discloses a cluster head rotation method for a sensor network in a complex environment, the sensor network comprising a plurality of sensor nodes with sequential ID numbers; the plurality of sensor nodes are arranged in a circular domain; the method comprises the following steps: selecting a cluster head node and a vice cluster head node according to the ID numbers, and establishing a cluster head set subnet according to the cluster head node and the vice cluster head node; the cluster head node and the vice cluster head node are located in an inner ring; performing network maintenance on the sensor network according to a preset period; determining new cluster head nodes and new vice cluster head nodes based on the cluster head nodes, the vice cluster head nodes and the sequential ID numbers, and establishing a new cluster head set subnet according to the new cluster head nodes and the new vice cluster head nodes, so as to realize cluster head rotation of the sensor network. The application adopts a multilevel redundancy mechanism and an adaptive data transmission strategy, guarantees that the network can maintain efficient operation in a dynamically changing environment, and enhances the robustness and stability of the network.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a cluster head rotation method for a sensor network in a complex environment. Background Art

[0002] Sensor networks are wireless networks composed of a large number of distributed sensor nodes. They are widely used in environmental monitoring, smart cities, industrial automation, healthcare, smart homes, and other fields. These sensor nodes are typically deployed within a target area to collect environmental data (such as temperature, humidity, pressure, and vibration) and transmit this data to a central control node or other nodes via wireless communication for processing and analysis. Despite their broad application prospects, sensor networks still face numerous challenges due to the resource constraints and energy consumption of sensor nodes, as well as the complex deployment environments.

[0003] Challenge 1: Energy consumption:

[0004] Sensor nodes are typically battery-powered, and in many practical applications, they are often deployed in locations where maintenance and battery replacement are difficult. Furthermore, given the potentially large scale of sensor networks, researchers are focusing on how to effectively manage energy consumption and extend the network lifecycle.

[0005] Energy consumption not only affects the operating time of individual nodes but also directly impacts the performance and reliability of the entire network. Sensor nodes consume energy during data collection, processing, and communication, with the communication module typically being the largest energy consumer. Therefore, optimizing communication protocols and energy transmission strategies to reduce energy waste is a core issue in sensor network research.

[0006] Challenge 2: Link quality issues:

[0007] In practical applications, wireless sensor networks are often deployed in complex and changing environments, such as outdoors, in industrial workshops, and in other harsh environments. Due to the unique characteristics of these environments, sensor nodes may malfunction due to interference, damage, or energy exhaustion, resulting in unstable link quality. This problem not only affects the performance of individual nodes but can also cause communication interruptions across the entire network, impacting the reliability and real-time nature of data transmission.

[0008] Wireless sensor networks often face numerous challenges when deployed in complex and changing environments. These challenges are critical to determinism and reliability. Therefore, these challenges must be fully considered when designing and optimizing sensor networks to ensure node adaptability in the face of node failures or sudden environmental changes. Technological innovations should also be employed to enhance network stability and adaptability.

[0009] As sensor network application scenarios become more complex, existing methods have gradually exposed some limitations, including:

[0010] High communication overhead: During the cluster head rotation process, nodes need to communicate frequently to complete cluster head selection and data transmission, which will result in additional energy consumption.

[0011] Unbalanced load: Some nodes may bear excessive workloads due to their geographical location or task requirements, which accelerates their energy consumption.

[0012] Insufficient robustness: When faced with unexpected events (such as node failures and environmental interference), the adaptability and recovery capabilities of existing algorithms are still insufficient.

[0013] In summary, the optimization problem of sensor networks remains an open and complex research area. Although existing solutions have solved the problems of sensor networks to a certain extent, with the continuous expansion of application scenarios and the improvement of performance requirements, further innovation and improvement are inevitable. Summary of the Invention

[0014] In response to the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a cluster head rotation method for sensor networks in complex environments, aiming to overcome the impact of limited communication node resources, limited energy consumption and link quality fluctuations on communication networks, so as to improve the reliability and long-term viability of sensor networks and provide reliable technical support for intelligent perception, Internet of Things and other fields.

[0015] The present invention provides a cluster head rotation method for a sensor network in a complex environment. The sensor network includes a plurality of sensor nodes with sequential ID numbers; the plurality of sensor nodes are deployed in a circular domain; the circular domain includes an inner ring with a diameter of M / 2 and an outer ring with a diameter from M / 2 to M; half of the sensor nodes are deployed in the inner ring, and the other half of the sensor nodes are deployed in the outer ring; M is a positive integer; the cluster head rotation method comprises the following steps:

[0016] Network establishment phase: selecting a cluster head node and a deputy cluster head node according to the ID number, and establishing a cluster head set subnet based on the cluster head node and the deputy cluster head node; the cluster head node and the deputy cluster head node are located in the inner ring;

[0017] Network operation phase: performing network maintenance on the sensor network according to a preset period;

[0018] Network reconstruction phase: Determine a new cluster head node and a new deputy cluster head node based on the cluster head node, deputy cluster head node and sequential ID numbers, and establish a new cluster head set subnet based on the new cluster head node and the new deputy cluster head node to realize cluster head rotation in the sensor network.

[0019] In a possible implementation, establishing a cluster head set subnet based on the cluster head node and the secondary cluster head node includes:

[0020] The cluster head node issues a cluster head broadcast network building instruction at the first moment; the sensor nodes that are not selected as the cluster head node reply to the cluster member network building instruction in sequence according to the ID number according to the cluster head broadcast network building instruction;

[0021] When the cluster head node receives the cluster member network establishment reply command, it sets the corresponding sensor node as a cluster member node, allocates a time slot to the cluster member node, and generates a time slot table based on the cluster head node, the cluster member nodes, and the time slot; the cluster member node can only send data to the cluster head node in the allocated time slot;

[0022] Determine a delay time according to the ID number of the secondary cluster head node, and determine a second time according to the delay time and the first time;

[0023] The secondary cluster head node issues a secondary cluster head broadcast network building instruction at the second moment; the sensor nodes not selected as the secondary cluster head node reply to the secondary cluster member network building instruction in sequence according to the ID number based on the secondary cluster head broadcast network building instruction.

[0024] In a possible implementation, the preset period includes a standby period and a maintenance period; and performing network maintenance on the sensor network according to the preset period includes:

[0025] When the sensor network is in the standby period and does not receive a task wake-up instruction, the cluster member nodes exchange data according to the time slot table or control the sensor nodes except the cluster head node to be in a standby state.

[0026] In a possible implementation, performing network maintenance on the sensor network according to a preset period further includes:

[0027] When the sensor network is in the standby period and receives a task wake-up instruction, identifying an instruction type of the task wake-up instruction;

[0028] When the instruction type is real-time control, the cluster member node operates according to the task wake-up instruction;

[0029] When the instruction type is information collaboration, the cluster head node, the secondary cluster head node and the cluster member nodes exchange data according to the time slot table, and enter a standby state after the data exchange is completed.

[0030] In a possible implementation, performing network maintenance on the sensor network according to a preset period further includes:

[0031] When the sensor network is in the maintenance period, the backup cluster head node and the cluster head node broadcast the maintenance network message of the cluster head set subnet according to the ID number in turn.

[0032] In a possible implementation, when the cluster head node fails in the standby period, the backup cluster head node replaces the cluster head node;

[0033] When the backup cluster head node fails in the standby period, the sensor node with the next ID number of the backup cluster head node replaces the cluster head node.

[0034] In a possible implementation, the determination of the new cluster head node and the new backup cluster head node based on the cluster head node, the backup cluster head node and the ID number in turn includes:

[0035] The cluster head node determines whether the backup cluster head node is in the sensor network according to the cluster head set subnet;

[0036] When the backup cluster head node is in the sensor network, the backup cluster head node is selected as the cluster head node on duty;

[0037] When the backup cluster head node is not in the sensor network, the sensor node with the next ID number of the backup cluster head node is selected as the cluster head node on duty, and whether the sensor node with the next ID number is in the network is determined; until the cluster head node on duty is in the network.

[0038] In a possible implementation, when in the standby period, each sensor node takes the local clock as the reference; when not in the standby period, each sensor node takes the unified clock as the reference and adjusts the local clock.

[0039] In a possible implementation, the sensor node of the outer ring is added.

[0040] In a possible implementation, the range of the circular domain is adjusted.

[0041] The cluster head rotation method for the sensor network in a complex environment provided by the application overcomes the problems of limited energy and communication of the sensor network, comprehensively considers factors such as node energy load, communication quality and task demand, and optimizes the cluster head rotation strategy. Meanwhile, the multi-level redundancy mechanism and the adaptive data transmission strategy are adopted to guarantee the efficient operation of the network in the dynamically changing environment and enhance the robustness and stability of the network. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 The flowchart of the cluster head rotation method provided by the embodiment of the application is shown;

[0043] Figure 2 The deployment diagram of the sensor node provided by the embodiment of the application is shown.

[0044] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of network resource slice planning provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a time slot table provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are intended to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. That is, the present invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments described, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims.

[0047] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, “plurality” means two or more; the terms “first”, “second”, etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance; for ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0048] The present invention aims to meet the demand for long-term operation of sensor networks in complex environments. In order to overcome the problems of limited energy and communication in sensor networks, the present invention comprehensively considers factors such as node energy load, communication quality and task requirements, and provides a cluster head rotation strategy. Specifically, the operation and maintenance of the sensor network are divided into three stages: network establishment, network operation and network reconstruction, and management and control are carried out in stages. Among them, network establishment mainly refers to the initial network construction, network operation includes network management, task network operation and other states, and network reconstruction includes network topology changes introduced by cluster head rotation, the entry of new nodes and other abnormal situations. At the same time, a multi-level redundancy mechanism and an adaptive data transmission strategy are adopted to ensure that the network maintains efficient operation in a dynamically changing environment and enhance the robustness and stability of the network.

[0049] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the deployment of sensor nodes provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown, the sensor network includes multiple sensor nodes with sequential ID numbers; multiple sensor nodes are deployed in a circular domain; the circular domain includes an inner ring with a diameter of M / 2 and an outer ring with a diameter from M / 2 to M; half of the sensor nodes are deployed in the inner ring, and the other half of the sensor nodes are deployed in the outer ring; M is a positive integer;

[0050] All sensor nodes bind to a predefined cluster head rotation table and periodically rotate cluster heads according to their ID numbers. Sensor nodes in the inner ring can serve as cluster heads or vice-cluster heads and rotate periodically. Sensor nodes in the outer ring serve only as member nodes. Each sensor node communicates omnidirectionally, with a maximum communication distance of M (km).

[0051] The following are the constraints of the sensor nodes:

[0052] 1) All sensor nodes are located in fixed positions after deployment;

[0053] 2) In theory, all sensor nodes can communicate with each other;

[0054] 3) The roles of sensor nodes are divided into cluster head nodes, deputy cluster head nodes and member nodes. Deputy cluster head nodes can be upgraded to cluster head nodes;

[0055] 4) It is agreed that all sensor nodes placed in the inner ring with a diameter of M / 2 (km) can serve as cluster head nodes or deputy cluster head nodes;

[0056] 5) It is agreed that sensor nodes placed in the outer ring can only serve as member nodes;

[0057] 6) Both the cluster head node and the deputy cluster head node can forward information, but the member nodes cannot forward information;

[0058] 7) The entire network information is maintained by the cluster head node and the deputy cluster head node, and there is no need for communication between member nodes;

[0059] 8) Before the deployment of sensor nodes, the cluster head rotation sequence table is bound at the same time, and the cluster head rotation can be carried out according to the node number 1~n / 2;

[0060] 9) Before the cluster head node rotates, it needs to update the subnet network status composed of the cluster head node and the deputy cluster head node. If the deputy cluster node to be rotated fails, the next deputy cluster head node will take over;

[0061] 10) The network is scalable and supports batch deployment, meaning the scope of the circular area can be adjusted. However, except for the initial deployment, subsequent nodes can only serve as member nodes. This means that only sensor nodes in the outer ring can be added.

[0062] The above is the construction of sensor nodes. On this basis, the sensor nodes are at the same clock reference point. After time T_s, all sensor nodes are powered on and enter the network establishment, network operation and network reconstruction stages.

[0063] Figure 1 FIG1 is a flow chart of a cluster head rotation method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The present invention provides a cluster head rotation method for sensor networks in complex environments, including:

[0064] The network is established as in step S1, the cluster head node and the deputy cluster head node are selected according to the ID number, and the cluster head set subnet is established based on the cluster head node and the deputy cluster head node;

[0065] Among them, the cluster head node and the deputy cluster head node are located in the inner ring;

[0066] In a possible implementation, the cluster head node issues a cluster head broadcast network building instruction at the first moment; the sensor nodes that are not selected as the cluster head node respond to the cluster member network building instruction in sequence according to their ID numbers according to the cluster head broadcast network building instruction;

[0067] When the cluster head node receives the cluster member network establishment reply command, it sets the corresponding sensor node as a cluster member node, allocates time slots to the cluster member nodes, and generates a time slot table based on the cluster head node, cluster member nodes, and time slots; cluster member nodes can only send data to the cluster head node in the allocated time slots; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a time slot table provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0068] Determine the delay time according to the ID number of the secondary cluster head node, and determine the second moment according to the delay time and the first moment;

[0069] The secondary cluster head node issues a secondary cluster head broadcast network building instruction at the second moment; the sensor nodes that are not selected as secondary cluster head nodes reply to the secondary cluster member network building instruction in sequence according to their ID numbers based on the secondary cluster head broadcast network building instruction.

[0070] In one example, the network establishment steps are as follows:

[0071] 1) The cluster head node broadcasts the network establishment instruction twice continuously.

[0072] 2) In the same time slot, the secondary cluster head node delays the corresponding time according to its ID number (for example, if the ID number is 2, the delay is 2 milliseconds) and centrally broadcasts the network building instruction once.

[0073] 3) The member nodes and deputy cluster head nodes broadcast the network establishment reply command to the cluster head node and deputy cluster head node in descending order according to the ID number.

[0074] 4) The reply from the secondary cluster head node can carry the information of the member nodes.

[0075] 5) Even if they do not receive the network building command from the cluster head node, the deputy cluster head node and member nodes still broadcast the network building command and network building reply command in the corresponding time slot.

[0076] The network operation is as in step S2, and network maintenance is performed on the sensor network according to a preset period;

[0077] In a possible implementation, after the initial network establishment is completed, network maintenance is performed with a period of (T1+T2) epochs, including a network operation resource slice of T1 epoch and a network reconstruction resource slice of T2 epochs. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of network resource slice planning provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0078] The preset period of T1 epochs includes a standby period of T3 epochs and a maintenance period of T5 epochs; T3 + T5 = T1. The corresponding network resource slices are bound before deployment.

[0079] During the network operation phase, the cluster head, deputy cluster head, and member nodes independently maintain time information. Upon entering the network operation phase, a low-power state is initiated, with the cluster head on duty and the remaining nodes remaining silent. When T5 is left until the end of the network operation period, the cluster head subnet maintenance process is initiated.

[0080] When the sensor network is in the standby period and does not receive a task wake-up instruction, the cluster member nodes exchange data according to the time slot table or control the sensor nodes other than the cluster head node to be in the standby state.

[0081] When the sensor network is in a standby period and receives a task wake-up instruction, identifying the instruction type of the task wake-up instruction;

[0082] When the instruction type is real-time control, the cluster member nodes work according to the task wake-up instruction; when the instruction type is information coordination, the cluster head node, deputy cluster head node and cluster member nodes exchange data according to the time slot table and enter the standby state after the exchange of data is completed.

[0083] In one example, in a low power consumption state, if the cluster head node receives a task wake-up instruction, it quickly starts the task wake-up process:

[0084] 1) The cluster head broadcasts the wake-up command three times in succession.

[0085] 2) The deputy cluster head broadcasts the wake-up command three times.

[0086] 3) Member nodes enter different task networks according to the wake-up instruction type to perform information collaboration tasks or real-time control tasks.

[0087] 4) If it is a real-time control task, the member nodes directly perform subsequent work according to the control instructions.

[0088] 5) If it is an information collaboration task, after the cluster head node receives the information collaboration task, it starts the information collaboration task time slot table. The cluster head, deputy cluster head and members complete the interaction of business data according to the information planned in the time slot table, and enter the low power consumption state after the business transmission is completed.

[0089] During the network operation cycle, it is necessary to maintain the cluster head subnet consisting of the cluster head node and the deputy cluster head node. Through the interaction of network management messages, the cluster head node and the deputy cluster head node can obtain the status of the entire network:

[0090] When the sensor network is in the maintenance cycle, the deputy cluster head node and the cluster head node broadcast the maintenance network management message of the cluster head set subnet in turn according to the ID number.

[0091] In an example, the cluster head subnet maintenance process is as follows:

[0092] 1) The cluster head node continuously broadcasts the cluster head subnet maintenance network management message once.

[0093] 2) The deputy cluster head nodes (including the cluster head node) broadcast the cluster head set subnet maintenance network management message once according to the ID from small to large.

[0094] 3) After the cluster head node and the deputy cluster head node complete the interaction, the cluster head node determines whether the deputy cluster head node with the next ID is on the network based on the current cluster head set subnet information and the pre-bound cluster head rotation sequence table. If it is on the network, it will be selected as the rotating cluster head node. If it is not on the network, it will be recursively transferred backwards.

[0095] 4) The cluster head broadcasts the network management message containing the information of the cluster head to be rotated twice.

[0096] 5) The cluster head node to be rotated is updated according to the cluster head broadcast information received, and all nodes are based on the rotating node selected by the cluster head node.

[0097] 6) The cluster head to be rotated broadcasts network management information (if the cluster head node fails to send broadcast information, all secondary cluster head nodes will take this message as the basis).

[0098] Assume that sensor node A considers itself the rotating cluster head, and the cluster head node selects B as the rotating cluster head. A and B update their information based on the cluster head's broadcast information, and all sensor nodes take the rotating node selected by the cluster head as the standard. The rotating cluster head broadcasts network management information (if the cluster head node fails and does not send a broadcast message, all secondary cluster heads take this message as the standard).

[0099] 7) After the network management message interaction is completed, all nodes enter the network reconstruction phase.

[0100] In a possible implementation, when the cluster head node fails during the standby period, the secondary cluster head node replaces the cluster head node;

[0101] When the secondary cluster head node fails during the standby period, the cluster head node is replaced by a sensor node with the next ID number of the secondary cluster head node.

[0102] In one example, if no response is received from a member node during the network establishment and network operation period, the member node is considered damaged, but this does not affect its ability to join the network again during the next network maintenance period.

[0103] When the secondary cluster head node is damaged, the network is currently maintained in the form of a secondary cluster head set. The damage of a certain secondary cluster head does not affect the network operation.

[0104] When the rotating cluster head node is damaged, due to the introduction of the cluster head subnet maintenance strategy, the cluster head node and the deputy cluster head node can obtain the status of the entire network through network management message interaction. The damage of the main rotating cluster head node does not affect the subsequent cluster head node switching and network operation.

[0105] After the network operation time planned in the network maintenance cycle ends, the network is switched to the network reconstruction phase, as shown in step S3.

[0106] Step S3: determine a new cluster head node and a new deputy cluster head node based on the cluster head node, deputy cluster head node and sequential ID numbers, and establish a new cluster head set subnet based on the new cluster head node and the new deputy cluster head node to realize cluster head rotation in the sensor network.

[0107] In one example, after the cluster head node is replaced, the late network entry process begins, which is consistent with the initial network establishment: the cluster head node broadcasts the network establishment instruction twice continuously; the secondary cluster head node broadcasts the network establishment instruction once; when the secondary cluster head node broadcasts the network establishment instruction in the same time slot, it delays the corresponding time according to its ID number; the member nodes reply to the cluster head node with status information in descending order according to their ID numbers.

[0108] In a possible implementation, determining a new cluster head node and a new secondary cluster head node based on the cluster head node, the secondary cluster head node, and sequential ID numbers includes:

[0109] The cluster head node determines whether the deputy cluster head node is in the sensor network according to the cluster head set subnet;

[0110] When the deputy cluster head node is in the sensor network, the deputy cluster head node is selected as the rotating cluster head node;

[0111] When the deputy cluster head node is not in the sensor network, the sensor node with the next ID number of the deputy cluster head node is selected as the rotating cluster head node, and it is determined whether the sensor node with the next ID number is in the network; until the rotating cluster head node is in the network.

[0112] In a possible implementation, when in a standby period, each sensor node uses a local clock as a reference; when not in a standby period, each sensor node uses a unified clock as a reference and performs local clock adjustment.

[0113] The cluster head rotation method for sensor networks in complex environments, provided by the present invention, employs phased management and control, a multi-level redundancy mechanism, and an adaptive data transmission strategy to achieve reliable cluster head rotation, ensuring efficient network operation in dynamically changing environments. By comprehensively utilizing the cluster head rotation strategy, redundancy mechanism, and adaptive transmission strategy, the present invention significantly enhances the operational stability of sensor networks in complex environments, making them more suitable for scenarios requiring long-term operation. The introduction of a redundancy mechanism enables the network to quickly switch to a backup channel or redundant node in the face of emergencies such as node failures and link damage, ensuring the continuity and reliability of data transmission. This design significantly reduces the risk of network interruption due to single-point failures, providing a strong guarantee for long-term operation in complex environments.

[0114] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A cluster head rotation method for sensor networks in complex environments, characterized by: The sensor network includes a plurality of sensor nodes with sequential ID numbers; the plurality of sensor nodes are deployed in a circular area; the circular area includes an inner ring with a diameter of M / 2 and an outer ring with a diameter from M / 2 to M; half of the sensor nodes are deployed in the inner ring, and the other half of the sensor nodes are deployed in the outer ring; M is a positive integer; the cluster head rotation method includes the following steps: Network establishment phase: selecting a cluster head node and a deputy cluster head node according to the ID number, and establishing a cluster head set subnet based on the cluster head node and the deputy cluster head node; the cluster head node and the deputy cluster head node are located in the inner ring; Network operation phase: performing network maintenance on the sensor network according to a preset period; Network reconstruction phase: determining a new cluster head node and a new deputy cluster head node based on the cluster head node, deputy cluster head node, and sequential ID numbers, and establishing a new cluster head set subnet based on the new cluster head node and the new deputy cluster head node to implement cluster head rotation in the sensor network; establishing the cluster head set subnet based on the cluster head node and the deputy cluster head node includes: The cluster head node issues a cluster head broadcast network building instruction at the first moment; the sensor nodes that are not selected as the cluster head node reply to the cluster member network building instruction in sequence according to the ID number according to the cluster head broadcast network building instruction; When the cluster head node receives the cluster member network establishment reply command, it sets the corresponding sensor node as a cluster member node, allocates a time slot to the cluster member node, and generates a time slot table based on the cluster head node, the cluster member nodes, and the time slot; the cluster member node can only send data to the cluster head node in the allocated time slot; Determine a delay time according to the ID number of the secondary cluster head node, and determine a second time according to the delay time and the first time; The secondary cluster head node issues a secondary cluster head broadcast network building instruction at the second moment; the sensor nodes not selected as the secondary cluster head node reply to the secondary cluster member network building instruction in sequence according to the ID number based on the secondary cluster head broadcast network building instruction.

2. The cluster head rotation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preset period includes a standby period and a maintenance period; and performing network maintenance on the sensor network according to the preset period includes: When the sensor network is in the standby period and does not receive a task wake-up instruction, the cluster member nodes exchange data according to the time slot table or control the sensor nodes except the cluster head node to be in a standby state.

3. The cluster head rotation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The performing network maintenance on the sensor network according to a preset period further includes: When the sensor network is in the standby period and receives a task wake-up instruction, identifying an instruction type of the task wake-up instruction; When the instruction type is real-time control, the cluster member node operates according to the task wake-up instruction; When the instruction type is information collaboration, the cluster head node, the secondary cluster head node and the cluster member nodes exchange data according to the time slot table, and enter a standby state after the data exchange is completed.

4. The cluster head rotation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The performing network maintenance on the sensor network according to a preset period further includes: When the sensor network is in the maintenance period, the secondary cluster head node and the cluster head node broadcast the maintenance network management message of the cluster head set subnet in sequence according to the ID number.

5. The cluster head rotation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the cluster head node fails during the standby period, replacing the cluster head node with the secondary cluster head node; When the secondary cluster head node fails during the standby period, the secondary cluster head node is replaced by a sensor node with the next ID number of the secondary cluster head node.

6. The cluster head rotation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The determining of a new cluster head node and a new secondary cluster head node based on the cluster head node, the secondary cluster head node and the sequential ID numbers includes: The cluster head node determines whether the secondary cluster head node is in the sensor network according to the cluster head set subnet; When the deputy cluster head node is in the sensor network, the deputy cluster head node is selected as the rotating cluster head node; When the deputy cluster head node is not in the sensor network, the sensor node with the next ID number of the deputy cluster head node is selected as the rotating cluster head node, and it is determined whether the sensor node with the next ID number is in the network; until the rotating cluster head node is in the network.

7. The cluster head rotation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: When in the standby period, each sensor node uses the local clock as a reference; when not in the standby period, each sensor node uses the unified clock as a reference and performs local clock adjustment.

8. The cluster head rotation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Add sensor nodes to the outer ring.

9. The cluster head rotation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Adjust the range of the circular area.

Images