Nutrient solution for potato aeroponic cultivation and seedling potato breeding method

Abstract

The invention provides a nutrient solution for potato aeroponic cultivation and a seedling potato breeding method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation. According to the nutritional requirements of potatoes in different growth periods, a set of nutrient solution suitable for efficiently breeding seedling potatoes through an aeroponic method is formulated. According to the method, an aerosol cultivation method is adopted, the nutrient solution is atomized, the plants are sprayed regularly and quantitatively, moisture and nutrition required by growth are provided for the plants, and therefore the plants can grow rapidly, and the effects that the growth period is shortened, tuberization is conducted in advance, and the tuberization rate of seedling tubers of the plants is increased are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and in particular relates to a nutrient solution for potato aeroponic cultivation and a potato seedling breeding method. Background Art

[0002] Potatoes are a dual-purpose crop, serving as both food and vegetable, and play a vital role in people's economic and social lives. They can be used to produce vermicelli noodles, rice noodle wrappers, glucose, dextrin, dietary fiber, and starch. They can also be processed into starch, which can be used as an industrial raw material and fermented to produce alcohol, spirits, amino acids, and organic acids. This demonstrates the high application value of potatoes.

[0003] High-yield potato cultivation has always been a goal of agricultural production. Traditional potato cultivation relies primarily on soil cultivation. However, soil cultivation often exposes potatoes to bacterial and viral attacks due to the presence of various pathogens and insect eggs in the soil, leading to reduced yields.

[0004] Aerosol cultivation is a soilless cultivation technique. It effectively improves the root growth environment, enabling more direct nutrient absorption, increasing water and fertilizer utilization, and shortening cultivation time. Compared to soil cultivation, it offers significant advantages. However, aerolization is not yet mature enough in potato cultivation, primarily due to the limited composition of traditional nutrient solutions, which restricts its application in potato production. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a nutrient solution for potato aeroponic cultivation. According to the nutritional requirements of potatoes in different growth stages, nutrient solutions suitable for the vegetative growth period, the tuber formation period to the swelling period, and the maturity period to the decline period are prepared respectively, so as to increase the reproduction multiples of potato seedlings.

[0006] The present invention provides a nutrient composition for potato aeroponic cultivation, comprising water-soluble calcium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer;

[0007] The nutritional composition comprises at least one of the following: a nutritional composition for the vegetative growth period, a nutritional composition for the tuber formation period to the expansion period, and a nutritional composition for the maturity period to the decline period;

[0008] In the nutrient composition for the vegetative growth period, the mass ratio of the water-soluble calcium fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer, the nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer is (168-176): (480-486): (735-746): (87-91): (140-148);

[0009] In the nutrient composition from the tuber formation stage to the expansion stage, the mass ratio of water-soluble calcium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer is (205-216): (258-266): (1135-1145): (318-328): (173-182);

[0010] The nutrient composition from maturity to decline period contains the following components: the mass ratio of water-soluble calcium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer is (238-264): (742.5-817.5): (1026-1140): (122-136): (200-222).

[0011] Preferably, in the nutrient composition for the vegetative growth period, the mass ratio of water-soluble calcium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer is 172:483:741:89:144;

[0012] In the nutrient composition for the vegetative growth period, the mass ratio of water-soluble calcium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer is 211:262.5:1140:323:178;

[0013] In the nutrient composition from the tuber formation stage to the tuber expansion stage, the mass ratio of the water-soluble calcium fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer, the nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer is 251:780:1083:129:211.

[0014] Preferably, the nutrient composition includes nutrient solution for the vegetative growth period, nutrient solution for the tuber formation period to the expansion period, and nutrient solution for the maturity period to the decline period.

[0015] Preferably, the nutrient solution during the vegetative growth period comprises the following components in concentrations: 168-176 mg / L water-soluble calcium fertilizer, 480-486 mg / L nitrogen fertilizer, 735-746 mg / L nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, 87-91 mg / L phosphorus fertilizer, and 140-148 mg / L sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer;

[0016] The nutrient solution from the tuber formation stage to the expansion stage includes the following components in concentrations: 205-216 mg / L water-soluble calcium fertilizer, 258-266 mg / L nitrogen fertilizer, 1135-1145 mg / L nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, 318-328 mg / L phosphorus fertilizer, and 173-182 mg / L sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer;

[0017] The nutrient solution from the maturity stage to the decline stage includes components with the following concentrations: 238-264 mg / L water-soluble calcium fertilizer, 742.5-817.5 mg / L nitrogen fertilizer, 1026-1140 mg / L nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, 122-136 mg / L phosphorus fertilizer, and 200-222 mg / L sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer.

[0018] Preferably, the nutrient solution during the vegetative growth period comprises the following components: 172 mg / L water-soluble calcium fertilizer, 483 mg / L nitrogen fertilizer, 741 mg / L nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, 89 mg / L phosphorus fertilizer and 144 mg / L sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer;

[0019] The nutrient solution from the tuber formation stage to the expansion stage includes the following components in the following concentrations: 211 mg / L water-soluble calcium fertilizer, 262.5 mg / L nitrogen fertilizer, 1140 mg / L nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, 323 mg / L phosphorus fertilizer, and 178 mg / L sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer;

[0020] The nutrient solution from the maturity stage to the decline stage includes components of the following concentrations: 251 mg / L water-soluble calcium fertilizer, 780 mg / L nitrogen fertilizer, 1083 mg / L nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, 129 mg / L phosphorus fertilizer, and 211 mg / L sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer.

[0021] The invention provides an aeroponic cultivation method for potato seedlings, comprising the following steps: performing aeroponic cultivation management on the potato seedlings using the nutrient composition throughout the entire growth period.

[0022] Preferably, the nozzle aperture of the jet mist in the aeroponic cultivation management is 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm; the pressure of the jet mist is 3 to 5 kPa.

[0023] Preferably, the potato seedlings are obtained by germinating and raising potato seeds.

[0024] Preferably, the substrate for raising seedlings is peat and vermiculite; the volume ratio of the peat and vermiculite is (0.8-1.2) to (0.8-1.2).

[0025] Preferably, the method for accelerating germination of potato seeds comprises soaking the potato seeds in warm water and then accelerating germination in dark and humid conditions;

[0026] The temperature of the warm water is 55-60°C; the soaking time of the warm water is 4-6 hours;

[0027] The germination temperature is 25-28°C.

[0028] The present invention provides a nutrient composition for potato aeroponic cultivation, comprising water-soluble calcium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer; the nutrient composition comprises at least one of the following: a nutrient composition for the vegetative growth period, a nutrient composition for the tuber formation period to the expansion period, and a nutrient composition for the maturity period to the decline period; in the nutrient composition for the vegetative growth period, the mass ratio of the water-soluble calcium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer is (168-176): (480-486): (735-746): (87-91): (140-148); the tuber formation period is 100% water-soluble calcium fertilizer, 100% nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, 100% phosphorus fertilizer and 100% ... In the nutrient composition from the growing stage to the bulking stage, the mass ratio of water-soluble calcium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer is (205-216): (258-266): (1135-1145): (318-328): (173-182); the nutrient composition from the maturity stage to the decline stage contains the following components: the mass ratio of water-soluble calcium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer is (238-264): (742.5-817.5): (1026-1140): (122-136): (200-222). The present invention formulates a set of nutrient compositions suitable for different potato growth stages, meets the potato growth requirements at different stages, and greatly improves the potato reproduction efficiency. The examples of the present invention show that the potato multiplication rate produced by using the nutrient composition is high, and a single plant can produce dozens of potatoes, up to 800 to 1000 potatoes per m -2 .

[0029] The present invention provides an aeroponic cultivation method for potato seedlings, comprising the following steps: subjecting potato seedlings to aeroponic cultivation management throughout their entire growth period using the nutrient composition. The present invention places the potato plant roots in a dark and soilless environment, atomizes the nutrient solution through aerosol cultivation equipment, and then sprays the plants regularly and quantitatively to provide them with the water and nutrients necessary for growth, thereby enabling the plants to grow rapidly and achieving the effects of shortening the growth period, prematurely setting potatoes, and increasing the plant's potato setting rate. Potatoes produced using the aeroponic method have a high reproduction multiple, with a single plant producing dozens of potatoes, up to 800 to 1,000 potatoes per cubic meter. -2 Because aeroponics avoids the transmission of pathogens and viruses in the soil, the quality of microtubers is significantly improved. Aeroponics utilizes factory-based production of virus-free seed potatoes. This method offers advantages in production management, including minimal footprint, simple operation, a high degree of automation, and safe and reliable operation. Furthermore, the nutrient solution used in aeroponics is pollution-free and can be recycled, allowing for multiple harvests of microtubers. This significantly improves efficiency and reduces production costs. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention provides a nutrient composition for potato aeroponic cultivation, comprising water-soluble calcium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer; the nutrient composition comprises at least one of the following: a nutrient composition for the vegetative growth period, a nutrient composition for the tuber formation period to the expansion period, and a nutrient composition for the maturity period to the decline period; in the nutrient composition for the vegetative growth period, the mass ratio of the water-soluble calcium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer is (168-176): (480-486): (735-746): (87-91): (140-148); the tuber formation period is 100% water-soluble calcium fertilizer, 100% nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, 100% phosphorus fertilizer and 100% ... In the nutrient composition from the growing stage to the bulking stage, the mass ratio of water-soluble calcium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer is (205-216): (258-266): (1135-1145): (318-328): (173-182); the nutrient composition from the maturity stage to the decline stage contains the following components: the mass ratio of water-soluble calcium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer is (238-264): (742.5-817.5): (1026-1140): (122-136): (200-222).

[0031] In the present invention, the mass ratio of water-soluble calcium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer in the vegetative growth period nutrient composition is preferably 172:483:741:89:144. The mass ratio of water-soluble calcium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer in the vegetative growth period nutrient composition is 211:262.5:1140:323:178. In the nutrient composition for the tuber formation to bulking period, the mass ratio of water-soluble calcium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer is 251:780:1083:129:211.

[0032] In the present invention, the nutrient composition preferably includes a nutrient solution for the vegetative growth period, a nutrient solution for the tuber formation period to the expansion period, and a nutrient solution for the maturity period to the decline period. The nutrient solution for the vegetative growth period preferably includes the following components in the following concentrations: 168-176 mg / L water-soluble calcium fertilizer, 480-486 mg / L nitrogen fertilizer, 735-746 mg / L nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, 87-91 mg / L phosphorus fertilizer, and 140-148 mg / L sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer; preferably 172 mg / L water-soluble calcium fertilizer, 483 mg / L nitrogen fertilizer, 741 mg / L nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, 89 mg / L phosphorus fertilizer, and 144 mg / L sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer.

[0033] In the present invention, the nutrient solution from the tuber formation period to the swelling period includes components in the following concentrations: 205-216 mg / L water-soluble calcium fertilizer, 258-266 mg / L nitrogen fertilizer, 1135-1145 mg / L nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, 318-328 mg / L phosphorus fertilizer and 173-182 mg / L sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer; preferably 211 mg / L water-soluble calcium fertilizer, 262.5 mg / L nitrogen fertilizer, 1140 mg / L nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, 323 mg / L phosphorus fertilizer and 178 mg / L sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer.

[0034] In the present invention, the nutrient solution from maturity to decline period includes components with the following concentrations: 238-264 mg / L water-soluble calcium fertilizer, 742.5-817.5 mg / L nitrogen fertilizer, 1026-1140 mg / L nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, 122-136 mg / L phosphorus fertilizer, and 200-222 mg / L sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer; preferably 251 mg / L water-soluble calcium fertilizer, 780 mg / L nitrogen fertilizer, 1083 mg / L nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, 129 mg / L phosphorus fertilizer, and 211 mg / L sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer.

[0035] In the present invention, the water-soluble calcium fertilizer preferably includes calcium chloride. The nitrogen fertilizer preferably includes urea. The phosphate fertilizer preferably includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer preferably includes magnesium sulfate.

[0036] The invention provides an aeroponic cultivation method for potato seedlings, comprising the following steps: performing aeroponic cultivation management on the potato seedlings using the nutrient composition throughout the entire growth period.

[0037] In the present invention, the entire potato growth period is divided into a nutrient invigoration period, a tuber formation period to a swelling period, and a maturity period to a decline period, corresponding to spraying a nutrient solution for the nutrient invigoration period, a tuber formation period to a swelling period, and a maturity period to a decline period. The nutrient invigoration period refers to the period from seedling transplantation to potato budding, which is generally from July 25th to 30th to August 20th to 25th each year in Jilin Province. The tuber formation period to the swelling period refers to the period from budding to flowering and flower falling, which is generally from August 22nd to 29th to November 27th to 25th, 2022. The maturity period to the decline period refers to the period from flower falling to stems and leaves withering and yellowing, and the end of the growth period, which is from November 29th to December 28th to 31st each year.

[0038] In the present invention, the nozzle aperture of the jet mist in the aeroponic cultivation management is preferably 0.1mm to 0.2mm, can be 0.12 to 0.18mm, or can be 0.15mm. The pressure of the jet mist is preferably 3 to 5kPa, can be 3.5 to 4.5kPa, or can be 4kPa. In the aeroponic cultivation management, the aeroponic mist is sprayed once every 3 to 5 minutes, and each spray lasts 20 to 30 seconds. The aeroponic cultivation management is turned on all day.

[0039] In the present invention, the potato seedlings are preferably obtained after germination and seedling raising of potato seeds. The method for germinating the potato seeds is preferably to soak the potato seeds in warm water and then germinate them in dark and humid conditions. The temperature of the warm water is preferably 55-60°C, and can be 58°C; the time for soaking the seeds in warm water is preferably 4-6h, and can be 4.5-5.5h, and can be 5h. The temperature for germination is preferably 25-28°C, and can also be 26-27°C. The substrate for raising seedlings is peat and vermiculite; the volume ratio of the peat and vermiculite is preferably (0.8-1.2)-(0.8-1.2), and can be 1:1.

[0040] The aeroponic cultivation method provided by the present invention is used to breed potato seedlings, which has the following technical advantages: 1) High reproduction coefficient: Based on the high reproduction multiple of aeroponic cultivation, the reproduction coefficient of hybrid potato seedlings can be greatly improved (single plant produces dozens of potatoes, compared with 3-5 potatoes in substrate cultivation, the reproduction coefficient is doubled), providing sufficient experimental materials and strong technical support for post-ecological shuttle breeding and identification of potato breeding materials in multiple ecological environments.

[0041] 2) Ease of Observation: Aeroponics allows for easy observation of the potato seedlings' growth. Breeders can readily monitor the tuber formation and expansion rate, significantly aiding in the early selection of high-quality, high-yield potato varieties. This method is incomparable to substrate culture, which does not allow for continuous observation of tuber growth and thus precludes early selection of potatoes.

[0042] The following describes in detail a nutrient solution for potato aeroponic cultivation and a potato breeding method provided by the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] Nutrient solution for potato aeroponic cultivation

[0045] 1. The formula of nutrient solution during the vegetative growth period: calcium chloride 172mg / L, urea 483mg / L, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer 741mg / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 89mg / L and magnesium sulfate 144mg / L.

[0046] 2. The formula of nutrient solution from tuber formation stage to swelling stage: calcium chloride 211 mg / L, urea 262.5 mg / L, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer 1140 mg / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 323 mg / L and magnesium sulfate 178 mg / L.

[0047] 3. The formula of nutrient solution from maturity to decline period: calcium chloride 238mg / L, urea 817.5mg / L, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer 1026mg / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 136mg / L and magnesium sulfate 200mg / L.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] Nutrient solution for potato aeroponic cultivation

[0050] 1. The formula of nutrient solution during the vegetative growth period: calcium chloride 172mg / L, urea 483mg / L, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer 741mg / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 89mg / L and magnesium sulfate 144mg / L.

[0051] 2. The formula of nutrient solution from tuber formation stage to swelling stage: calcium chloride 211 mg / L, urea 262.5 mg / L, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer 1140 mg / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 323 mg / L and magnesium sulfate 178 mg / L.

[0052] 3. The formula of nutrient solution from maturity to decline period: calcium chloride 264mg / L, urea 742.5mg / L, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer 1140mg / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 122mg / L and magnesium sulfate 222mg / L.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] Nutrient solution for potato aeroponic cultivation

[0055] 1. The formula of nutrient solution during the vegetative growth period: calcium chloride 172mg / L, urea 483mg / L, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer 741mg / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 89mg / L and magnesium sulfate 144mg / L.

[0056] 2. The formula of nutrient solution from tuber formation stage to swelling stage: calcium chloride 211 mg / L, urea 262.5 mg / L, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer 1140 mg / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 323 mg / L and magnesium sulfate 178 mg / L.

[0057] 3. The formula of nutrient solution from maturity to decline period: calcium chloride 252mg / L, urea 779mg / L, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer 1083mg / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 129mg / L and magnesium sulfate 211mg / L.

[0058] Example 4

[0059] A kind of potato seedling aeroponic cultivation method

[0060] 1. Seedling germination

[0061] Combine potato seeds of different varieties according to the hybrid breeding requirements (see Table 1), wrap them in cloth, label them, and soak them in 60°C hot water for 4 hours. Remove the seeds and place them in a Petri dish for germination. Two layers of filter paper soaked in sterile water should be placed at the bottom of the Petri dish. Spread the potato seeds evenly and place them in the dark at 28°C for germination. Seedlings can be sown when white sprouts grow to 0.2-0.5 cm.

[0062] Table 1 Hybrid combination scheme

[0063]

[0064] 2. Seedling cultivation

[0065] Prepare seedling trays (L x W x H = 54 cm x 27 cm x 6 cm). Use your homemade nutrient soil, specifically a 1:1 ratio of peat and vermiculite by volume. Place the prepared soil into the trays and compact it lightly. Use tweezers to remove the potato seeds and evenly place them in the trays. Cover with a 0.5 cm thick layer of soil. Cover the trays with plastic wrap. Remove the plastic wrap once the seedlings emerge.

[0066] 3. Transplanting seedlings

[0067] When the seedlings grow to a height of 8 to 10 cm, transplant the seedlings from the seedling tray to the aeroponic cultivation trough. Specifically, take the seedlings out of the seedling tray, rinse the roots with clean water, wrap the rinsed seedlings with a sponge block and plant them in the aeroponic cultivation trough.

[0068] 4. Management during the growth period

[0069] After the seedlings are planted, according to the growth period of the potato seedlings, the nutrient solution prepared in Example 1 is added to the aerosol cultivation box, specifically from the seedling transplanting to the potato budding period, that is, from July 25 to 30 to August 20 to 25, 2021, the nutrient solution for the nutrient growth period is sprayed; from the budding period to the flowering and flower falling period, that is, from August 22 to 29 to November 27 to 25, 2021, the tuber formation period to the swelling period nutrient solution is sprayed; from the flower falling to the stem and leaves withering and the growth period ends, that is, from November 29 to December 28 to 31, 2021, the maturity period to the decline period nutrient solution is sprayed. The aerosol cultivation nutrient solution controller is set to the spray time, spraying once every 3 minutes, each spraying for 20 seconds, the aperture of the spray nozzle is 1.5mm, and the spray pressure is 4kpa. The management process is the same as that of producing potato seedlings virus-free seed potatoes.

[0070] During the growth of potato seedlings, perform 4-5 seedling thinning operations. Thinning involves removing the seedlings from the cultivation plate, leaving 3-4 leaves below the growing point, and removing the remaining leaves. The seedlings are then re-wrapped with a sponge plug and planted in the cultivation tank. There should be 12 days between each thinning operation.

[0071] 5. Harvest

[0072] Potato seedlings mature when they begin to wilt and turn yellow, marking the beginning of their maturity period. One seedling potato is removed from each seedling and combined with other seedling potatoes from the same combination to form a family material, preparing for the next stage of field selection.

[0073] Example 5

[0074] A kind of potato seedling aeroponic cultivation method

[0075] 1. Seedling germination

[0076] Combine potato seeds of different varieties according to the requirements of hybrid breeding (see Table 2), wrap them in cloth, label them, and soak them in 55°C hot water for 6 hours. Remove the seeds and place them in a Petri dish for germination. Two layers of filter paper soaked in sterile water should be placed at the bottom of the Petri dish. Spread the potato seeds evenly and place them in the dark at 28°C for germination. Seedlings can be sown when white sprouts grow to 0.2-0.5 cm.

[0077] Table 2 Hybrid combination scheme

[0078]

[0079] 2. Seedling cultivation

[0080] Prepare seedling trays (L x W x H = 54 cm x 27 cm x 6 cm). Use your homemade nutrient soil, specifically a 1:1 ratio of peat and vermiculite by volume. Place the prepared soil into the trays and compact it lightly. Use tweezers to remove the potato seeds and evenly place them in the trays. Cover with a 0.5 cm thick layer of soil. Cover the trays with plastic wrap. Remove the plastic wrap once the seedlings emerge.

[0081] 3. Transplanting seedlings

[0082] When the seedlings grow to a height of 8 to 10 cm, transplant the seedlings from the seedling tray to the aeroponic cultivation trough. Specifically, take the seedlings out of the seedling tray, rinse the roots with clean water, wrap the rinsed seedlings with a sponge block and plant them in the aeroponic cultivation trough.

[0083] 4. Management during the growth period

[0084] After seedling planting, according to the growth period of potato seedlings, the nutrient solution prepared in Example 2 is added to the aerosol cultivation box, specifically from seedling transplanting to potato budding period, that is, from July 25 to August 20 to 25, 2022, nutrient solution for nutrient invigoration period is sprayed; from budding to flowering and flower falling period, that is, from August 22 to 29 to November 27 to 25, 2022, tuber formation period to swelling period nutrient solution is sprayed; from flower falling to stem and leaves withering and yellowing, the growth period ends, that is, from November 29 to December 28 to 31, 2022, maturity stage to decline stage nutrient solution spraying is adopted. The aerosol cultivation nutrient solution controller is set to spray time, spray once every 3 minutes, and spray 20 seconds each time. The aperture of the spray nozzle is 2 mm and the spray pressure is 5 kpa. The management process is the same as that of producing potato seedlings virus-free seed potatoes.

[0085] During the growth of potato seedlings, the seedlings are thinned out 4-5 times. Thinning the seedlings means removing the seedlings from the cultivation plate, leaving 3-4 leaves below the growth point, and removing the remaining leaves. The seedlings are then re-wrapped with sponges and planted in the cultivation tank. The interval between the two thinning operations is 10 days.

[0086] 5. Harvest

[0087] Potato seedlings mature when they begin to wilt and turn yellow, marking the beginning of their maturity period. One seedling potato is removed from each seedling and combined with other seedling potatoes from the same combination to form a family material, preparing for the next stage of field selection.

[0088] Example 6

[0089] A kind of potato seedling aeroponic cultivation method

[0090] 1. Seedling germination

[0091] Combine potato seeds of different varieties according to the hybrid breeding requirements (Table 3), wrap them in cloth, label them, and soak them in 58°C hot water for 5 hours. Remove the seeds and place them in a Petri dish for germination. Two layers of filter paper soaked in sterile water should be placed at the bottom of the Petri dish. Spread the potato seeds evenly and place them in the dark at 25°C for germination. Seedlings can be sown when white sprouts grow to 0.2-0.5 cm.

[0092] Table 3 Hybrid combination scheme

[0093]

[0094]

[0095] 2. Seedling cultivation

[0096] Prepare seedling trays (L x W x H = 54 cm x 27 cm x 6 cm). Use your homemade nutrient soil, specifically a 1:1 ratio of peat and vermiculite by volume. Place the prepared soil into the trays and compact it lightly. Use tweezers to remove the potato seeds and evenly place them in the trays. Cover with a 0.5 cm thick layer of soil. Cover the trays with plastic wrap. Remove the plastic wrap once the seedlings emerge.

[0097] 3. Transplanting seedlings

[0098] When the seedlings grow to a height of 8 to 10 cm, transplant the seedlings from the seedling tray to the aeroponic cultivation trough. Specifically, take the seedlings out of the seedling tray, rinse the roots with clean water, wrap the rinsed seedlings with a sponge block and plant them in the aeroponic cultivation trough.

[0099] 4. Management during the growth period

[0100] After seedling planting, according to the growth period of potato seedlings, the nutrient solution prepared in Example 3 is added to the aerosol cultivation box, specifically from seedling transplanting to potato budding period, that is, from July 25 to August 20 to 25, 2023, the nutrient solution for nutrient invigoration period is sprayed; from budding to flowering and flower falling period, that is, from August 22 to 29 to November 27 to 25, 2023, tuber formation period to swelling period nutrient solution is sprayed; from flower falling to stem and leaves withering and yellowing, the growth period ends, that is, from November 29 to December 28 to 31, 2023, the maturity period to decline period nutrient solution spray is adopted. The aerosol cultivation nutrient solution controller is set to spray time, spray once every 3 minutes, and spray 30 seconds each time. The aperture of the spray nozzle is 1.2 mm and the spray pressure is 3 kpa. The management process is the same as that of producing potato seedlings virus-free seed potatoes.

[0101] During the growth of potato seedlings, the seedlings are thinned out 4-5 times. Thinning the seedlings means removing the seedlings from the cultivation plate, leaving 3-4 leaves below the growth point, and removing the remaining leaves. The seedlings are then re-wrapped with sponges and planted in the cultivation tank. The interval between two thinning operations is 15 days.

[0102] 5. Harvest

[0103] Potato seedlings mature when they begin to wilt and turn yellow, marking the beginning of their maturity period. One seedling potato is removed from each seedling and combined with other seedling potatoes from the same combination to form a family material, preparing for the next stage of field selection.

[0104] Example 7

[0105] A kind of potato seedling aeroponic cultivation method

[0106] 1. Seedling germination

[0107] Combine potato seeds of different varieties according to hybrid breeding requirements (Table 4), wrap them in cloth, label them, and soak them in 57°C hot water for 6 hours. Remove the seeds and place them in a Petri dish for germination. Two layers of filter paper soaked in sterile water should be placed at the bottom of the Petri dish. Spread the potato seeds evenly and place them in the dark at 25°C for germination. Seedlings can be sown when white sprouts grow to 0.2-0.5 cm.

[0108] Table 4 Hybrid combination scheme

[0109]

[0110] 2. Seedling cultivation

[0111] Prepare seedling trays (L x W x H = 54 cm x 27 cm x 6 cm). Use your homemade nutrient soil, specifically a 1:1 ratio of peat and vermiculite by volume. Place the prepared soil into the trays and compact it lightly. Use tweezers to remove the potato seeds and evenly place them in the trays. Cover with a 0.5 cm thick layer of soil. Cover the trays with plastic wrap. Remove the plastic wrap once the seedlings emerge.

[0112] 3. Transplanting seedlings

[0113] When the seedlings grow to a height of 8 to 10 cm, transplant the seedlings from the seedling tray to the aeroponic cultivation trough. Specifically, take the seedlings out of the seedling tray, rinse the roots with clean water, wrap the rinsed seedlings with a sponge block and plant them in the aeroponic cultivation trough.

[0114] 4. Management during the growth period

[0115] After seedling planting, according to the growth period of potato seedlings, the nutrient solution prepared in Example 3 is added to the aerosol cultivation box, specifically from seedling transplanting to potato budding period, that is, from July 25 to August 20 to 25, 2024, the nutrient solution for nutrient invigoration period is sprayed; from budding to flowering and flower falling period, that is, from August 22 to 29 to November 27 to 25, 2024, tuber formation period to swelling period nutrient solution is sprayed; from flower falling to stem and leaves withering and yellowing, the growth period ends, that is, from November 29 to December 28 to 31, 2024, the maturity period to decline period nutrient solution spray is adopted. The aerosol cultivation nutrient solution controller is set to spray time, spray once every 3 minutes, and spray 20 seconds each time. The aperture of the spray nozzle is 1.8 mm and the spray pressure is 4 kpa. The management process is the same as that of producing potato seedlings detoxified seed potatoes.

[0116] During the growth of potato seedlings, the seedlings are thinned out 4-5 times. Thinning the seedlings means removing the seedlings from the cultivation plate, leaving 3-4 leaves below the growth point, and removing the remaining leaves. The seedlings are then re-wrapped with sponges and planted in the cultivation tank. The interval between two thinning operations is 11 days.

[0117] 5. Harvest

[0118] Potato seedlings mature when they begin to wilt and turn yellow, marking the beginning of their maturity period. One seedling potato is removed from each seedling and combined with other seedling potatoes from the same combination to form a family material, preparing for the next stage of field selection.

[0119] Comparative Example 1

[0120] Configuration of traditional nutrient solution

[0121] The traditional nutrient solution was prepared by accurately weighing the following chemicals and dissolving them in water: KNO3 35000 mg / L, CaCl2·2H2O 8500 mg / L, MgSO4·7H2O 7200 mg / L, KH2PO4 3200 mg / L, ZnSO4·7H2O 1700 mg / L, Na2MoO4·2H2O 45 mg / L, CuSO4·5H2O 8 mg / L, FeSO4·7H2O 5500 mg / L, and Na2-EDTA·2H2O 7400 mg / L.

[0122] Comparative Example 2

[0123] The potato seedlings were aeroponiced using the conventional nutrient solution prepared in Comparative Example 1 throughout the entire growth cycle. The specific parameters of the aeroponic culture were the same as those in Example 4. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0124] Table 5 Comparison of the number of potato seedlings produced by aeroponic cultivation and traditional nutrient solution

[0125]

[0126]

[0127] As shown in Table 5, for the same hybrid combination, the aeroponic culture using the nutrient solution developed by the present invention can significantly increase the number of potato seedlings and the potato-setting rate of the plants compared to the traditional nutrient solution culture. It can be seen that the aeroponic culture method provided by the present invention has a high potato reproduction rate, with dozens of potatoes per plant, up to 800-1000 potatoes / m -2 , greatly improving the cultivation efficiency.

[0128] The results of the present invention demonstrate that, due to the high propagation coefficient of aeroponic cultivation, each hybrid combination can yield at least 10 sets of seedlings, providing sufficient experimental material for post-ecological shuttle breeding and identification of potato breeding materials in multiple ecological environments. This method can be used to establish regional or cross-regional potato breeding alliances or collaborate with multiple institutions in breeding, providing each institution with the same combination of seedling potato family material, thereby increasing the speed and efficiency of potato breeding.

[0129] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nutrient composition for potato aeroponic cultivation, characterized in that: Including water-soluble calcium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer; The nutritional composition comprises at least one of the following: a nutritional composition for the vegetative growth period, a nutritional composition for the tuber formation period to the expansion period, and a nutritional composition for the maturity period to the decline period; In the nutrient composition for the vegetative growth period, the mass ratio of the water-soluble calcium fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer, the nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer is (168-176): (480-486): (735-746): (87-91): (140-148); In the nutrient composition from the tuber formation stage to the expansion stage, the mass ratio of water-soluble calcium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer is (205-216): (258-266): (1135-1145): (318-328): (173-182); The nutrient composition from maturity to decline period contains the following components: the mass ratio of water-soluble calcium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer is (238-264): (742.5-817.5): (1026-1140): (122-136): (200-222).

2. The nutritional composition according to claim 1, characterized in that In the nutrient composition for the vegetative growth period, the mass ratio of water-soluble calcium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer is 172:483:741:89:144; In the nutrient composition for the vegetative growth period, the mass ratio of water-soluble calcium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer is 211:262.5:1140:323:178; In the nutrient composition from the tuber formation stage to the tuber expansion stage, the mass ratio of the water-soluble calcium fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer, the nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer is 251:780:1083:129:

211.

3. The nutritional composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The nutrient composition comprises a nutrient solution during the nutrient growth period, a nutrient solution during the tuber formation period to the expansion period, and a nutrient solution during the maturity period to the decline period.

4. The nutritional composition according to claim 3, characterized in that The nutrient solution during the vegetative growth period includes the following components in concentrations: 168-176 mg / L water-soluble calcium fertilizer, 480-486 mg / L nitrogen fertilizer, 735-746 mg / L nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, 87-91 mg / L phosphorus fertilizer, and 140-148 mg / L sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer; The nutrient solution from the tuber formation stage to the expansion stage includes the following components in concentrations: 205-216 mg / L water-soluble calcium fertilizer, 258-266 mg / L nitrogen fertilizer, 1135-1145 mg / L nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, 318-328 mg / L phosphorus fertilizer, and 173-182 mg / L sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer; The nutrient solution from the maturity stage to the decline stage includes components with the following concentrations: 238-264 mg / L water-soluble calcium fertilizer, 742.5-817.5 mg / L nitrogen fertilizer, 1026-1140 mg / L nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, 122-136 mg / L phosphorus fertilizer, and 200-222 mg / L sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer.

5. The nutritional composition according to claim 3, characterized in that The nutrient solution during the vegetative growth period includes the following components in concentrations: 172 mg / L water-soluble calcium fertilizer, 483 mg / L nitrogen fertilizer, 741 mg / L nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, 89 mg / L phosphorus fertilizer, and 144 mg / L sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer; The nutrient solution from the tuber formation stage to the expansion stage includes the following components in the following concentrations: 211 mg / L water-soluble calcium fertilizer, 262.5 mg / L nitrogen fertilizer, 1140 mg / L nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, 323 mg / L phosphorus fertilizer, and 178 mg / L sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer; The nutrient solution from the maturity stage to the decline stage includes components of the following concentrations: 251 mg / L water-soluble calcium fertilizer, 780 mg / L nitrogen fertilizer, 1083 mg / L nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, 129 mg / L phosphorus fertilizer, and 211 mg / L sulfur-magnesium dual fertilizer.

6. A method for aeroponic cultivation of potato seedlings, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Potato seedlings are managed by aeroponic cultivation using the nutrient composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5 throughout the entire growth period.

7. The aeroponic cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The nozzle aperture of the jet mist in the aeroponic cultivation management is 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm; the pressure of the jet mist is 3 to 5 kPa.

8. The aeroponic cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The potato seedlings are obtained by accelerating germination and raising seedlings of potato seeds.

9. The aeroponic cultivation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The seedling-raising matrix is peat and vermiculite; the volume ratio of the peat to the vermiculite is (0.8-1.2)-(0.8-1.2).

10. The aeroponic cultivation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The potato seed germination method comprises soaking the potato seed in warm water and then germinating the potato seed in a dark and humid environment; The temperature of the warm water is 55-60°C; the soaking time of the warm water is 4-6 hours; The germination temperature is 25-28°C.

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