Heat preservation structure of irregular columnar equipment and heat preservation method of heat preservation structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat preservation structure of irregular columnar equipment, and the heat preservation structure of the irregular columnar equipment comprises a heat preservation assembly which is used for carrying out heat preservation on the irregular columnar equipment; the expansion control assembly and the overpressure control assembly are designed to solve the problems that in the prior art, when ordinary heat preservation equipment conducts heat preservation on irregular columnar equipment, due to the fact that the curvature of the cambered surfaces of different equipment is different, gaps are easily generated after installation, and cold air enters the equipment to affect the heat preservation effect. The expansion control assembly can expand to adapt to equipment with different curved surfaces, meanwhile, in order to avoid the problem that gaps are generated due to expansion and stretching caused by temperature changes, the expansion control assembly is further designed, the expansion effect of the expansion unit can be effectively kept through the expansion control assembly when the temperature changes, and the expansion efficiency is improved. And gaps are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of thermal insulation of columnar equipment, and in particular to a thermal insulation structure of irregular columnar equipment. Background Art

[0002] In the petrochemical, electric power, metallurgical manufacturing and other industrial fields, the thermal insulation treatment of irregular columnar equipment (such as reactors, high-pressure pipelines, special-shaped storage tanks, etc.) is a key link to ensure the efficient operation of equipment, reduce energy consumption and extend service life; The surfaces of these devices often have complex curvatures or non-uniform geometric features, making it difficult for traditional insulation structures to fit tightly. This can easily lead to gaps between the equipment and the insulation layer. These gaps not only allow cold air to enter, causing heat loss and energy waste, but can also cause stress concentration in the equipment due to local temperature gradients, and even accelerate material aging, posing potential risks to production safety. Currently, common insulation structures typically use a prefabricated metal shell composited with internal insulation cotton, aluminum silicate fiber, and other materials, secured to the equipment surface with bolts or clamps. While these structures offer a certain degree of mechanical strength, they struggle to adapt to the curved surfaces of irregular cylindrical equipment. Installation requires customizing the shell to the equipment's shape, which is costly and lacks versatility. In actual use, localized gaps can easily form due to machining errors or thermal expansion and contraction of the equipment, significantly reducing insulation effectiveness over time. That is, the existing technology has the following technical problems: ordinary thermal insulation structures are prone to forming gaps on the surface of the equipment. Therefore, to address the above problem, a thermal insulation structure for irregular columnar equipment is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In this embodiment, a heat-insulating structure for irregular columnar equipment is provided to solve the problem in the prior art that common heat-insulating structures easily form gaps on the equipment surface.

[0004] According to one aspect of the present application, a heat preservation structure of an irregular columnar device is provided, the heat preservation structure of the irregular columnar device comprising: A thermal insulation component comprising a metal shell, a thermal insulation cloth layer, an expansion unit, and a thermal insulation layer, the thermal insulation component being used to insulate irregular columnar equipment; An expansion control assembly, fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the metal housing and connected to the expansion unit, configured to allow the expansion unit to adaptively expand the curved surfaces of different columnar devices; An overpressure control component is fixedly arranged on the expansion control component, and is used for automatically relieving pressure when overpressure occurs during high-temperature expansion.

[0005] Furthermore, an insulation cloth layer is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the metal shell, and the insulation layer is used to wrap the equipment. An expansion unit is fixedly arranged between the insulation layer and the insulation cloth layer, and the expansion unit is used to expand to compensate for the gap between the insulation component and the equipment.

[0006] Furthermore, the expansion unit is composed of a plurality of air bags, which are arranged in a honeycomb shape and fixed to each other, and are connected to each other through pipes.

[0007] Furthermore, the expansion control assembly includes a fixed bracket, a fixed cylinder, a movable piston and a pressure control unit. The fixed bracket is fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the metal shell, one end of the fixed bracket is fixedly connected to the fixed cylinder, the movable piston is slidably connected in the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder, one end of the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting pipe, and the other end of the connecting pipe extends into the inner cavity of the expansion unit and is fixedly connected to the expansion unit.

[0008] Furthermore, a pressure control unit is connected to one side of the movable piston, and the pressure control unit is used to drive the movable piston to move to inflate and pressurize the expansion unit.

[0009] Furthermore, the pressure control unit includes a movable circular plate, a control spring, a rotating table, a fixed sleeve and a threaded rod. The movable circular plate is arranged in the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder and slides with the fixed cylinder. One end of the control spring is fixedly connected to the side wall of one side of the movable circular plate, and the other end of the control spring is fixedly connected to the side wall of the movable piston. A fixed sleeve is fixedly connected to one side of the fixed cylinder, and the inner cavity of the fixed sleeve is threadedly connected to the threaded rod. One end of the threaded rod is rotatably connected to the rotating table, and the rotating table is fixedly arranged on the side wall of one side of the movable circular plate. The other end of the threaded rod is fixedly connected to the adjusting knob.

[0010] Furthermore, the overpressure control assembly includes an exhaust pipe, a control valve unit and a linkage drive unit. The exhaust pipe is fixedly arranged at one side of the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder and is fixedly connected to the fixed cylinder. The control valve unit is installed on the exhaust pipe. The linkage drive unit is connected to the movable piston. The linkage drive unit is used to automatically drive the control valve unit to open through the reverse movement of the movable piston at high temperature.

[0011] Furthermore, the control valve unit includes a control valve body, a control valve core, a connecting cylinder, a movable slider, an adjusting screw, a rotating rod and a gear. The control valve body is fixedly arranged on the exhaust pipe, and an air flow channel is arranged inside the control valve body. The air flow channel of the control valve body is slidably connected with a control valve core, and the control valve core is used to control the opening and closing of the air flow channel. The arc wall of the control valve body is fixedly connected with a connecting cylinder, and the inner cavity of the connecting cylinder is slidably connected with a movable slider. The movable slider is fixedly connected to one end of the control valve core, and a rotating rod is rotatably connected to a side wall of one side of the connecting cylinder. One end of the rotating rod is fixedly connected with an adjusting screw, and the adjusting screw passes through the movable slider and is threadedly engaged with the movable slider. One end of the rotating rod is fixedly connected with a gear.

[0012] The transmission mechanism is that one end of the movable frame is fixedly provided with a toothed connecting strip which is cooperatively connected with the toothed connecting strip and the toothed connecting strip is connected with the toothed connecting strip.

[0013] Furthermore, the insulation method of the insulation structure of the irregular columnar device includes the following steps: S1. Wrap the insulation assembly around the surface of an irregular cylindrical device and fill the airbags of the expansion unit with gas through the expansion control assembly outside the metal shell, causing the honeycomb-shaped airbags to expand and fill the gap between the insulation layer and the device. S2. Rotate the adjustment knob to drive the threaded rod to push the movable circular plate, compressing the control spring and pushing the movable piston to move. The gas in the fixed cylinder is continuously pressed into the expansion unit through the connecting pipe, so that the airbag expansion amount is adaptively adjusted according to the curved surface of the equipment. S3. When the airbag contracts due to a drop in temperature, the control spring releases the pre-pressure to push the movable piston to compensate for the inflation, thus maintaining the gap filling state of the expansion unit. When the temperature rises and the gas expands, the over-pressure gas enters the fixed cylinder in the opposite direction to push the movable piston back, and drives the movable guide rod to link the magnetic sheet and the metal sheet to adsorb. S4. The guide rod is moved to drive the rack and gear to engage and rotate, which drives the adjusting screw to push the control valve core to open the exhaust pipe to release pressure. After the pressure relief is completed, the control spring resets the piston, and the linkage rack moves in the opposite direction to close the control valve core, completing the automatic pressure regulation under high temperature overpressure state.

[0014] Through the above embodiments of the present application, in order to solve the problem in the prior art that when ordinary insulation equipment is used to insulate irregular columnar equipment, gaps are easily generated after installation due to the different curvatures of the arc surfaces of different equipment, resulting in the entry of cold air and affecting the insulation effect, the present application designs an expansion control component, which can expand to adapt to equipment with different curved surfaces. At the same time, in order to avoid the problem of gaps caused by expansion and contraction due to temperature changes, the present application further designs an expansion control component. The expansion control component can effectively enable the expansion unit to maintain the expansion effect when the temperature changes, avoiding the generation of gaps. At the same time, an overpressure control component is set. Through the setting of the overpressure control component, the function of automatic pressure relief can be achieved under high temperature and overpressure conditions, without the need for additional redundant operations or power sources, and is particularly suitable for use with high-temperature equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of an ultra-high voltage group according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal insulation assembly according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of an expansion unit according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of an expansion control assembly according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of an expansion control assembly according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal planar structure of an expansion control assembly according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 For an embodiment of this application Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the partially enlarged structure of the part A; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of an overvoltage control component according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 10 This is a schematic structural diagram of a control valve body according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0017] In the picture: Ultra-high voltage group 1, Insulation component 2, metal shell 201, insulation cloth layer 202, expansion unit 203, air bag 2031, insulation layer 204, Expansion control assembly 3, fixed bracket 301, fixed cylinder 302, movable piston 303, connecting pipe 304, control spring 305, movable circular plate 306, rotating table 307, fixed sleeve 308, threaded rod 309, adjusting knob 310, Overpressure control assembly 4, exhaust pipe 401, control valve body 402, control valve core 403, connecting tube 404, movable slider 405, adjusting screw 406, rotating rod 407, gear 408, sleeve frame 409, movable guide rod 410, rack 411, guide frame 412, magnetic sheet 413, movable guide rod 414, connecting plate 415, metal sheet 416. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0019] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequential order. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described here. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0020] In this application, terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "back," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "center," "vertical," "horizontal," "transverse," and "longitudinal" indicate positions or locations based on the positions or locations shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are primarily intended to better describe this application and its embodiments and are not intended to limit the devices, elements, or components indicated to having a specific orientation, or to being constructed or operated in a specific orientation.

[0021] Furthermore, some of the above terms may be used to express other meanings besides indicating a position or location. For example, the term "on" may also be used to indicate a dependency or connection in certain circumstances. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0022] Furthermore, the terms "installed," "disposed," "provided with," "connected," "connected," and "socketed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, removable connections, or integral structures; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections, indirect connections through an intermediary, or internal communication between two devices, elements, or components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] See also Figure 1-3 As shown, a heat preservation structure of an irregular columnar device, the heat preservation structure of the irregular columnar device includes: The insulation component 2 includes a metal shell 201, an insulation cloth layer 202, an expansion unit 203 and an insulation layer 204. The insulation component 2 is used to insulate irregular columnar equipment; An expansion control assembly 3, which is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the metal housing 201 and connected to the expansion unit 203, is used to enable the expansion unit 203 to adaptively expand the curved surface of different columnar devices; The overpressure control component 4 is fixedly arranged on the expansion control component 3 and is used for automatically releasing pressure when overpressure occurs due to high-temperature expansion.

[0024] Through the above technical solution, the expansion control component 3 can expand to adapt to equipment with different curved surfaces. At the same time, in order to avoid the problem of gaps caused by expansion and contraction due to temperature changes, the present application further designs the expansion control component 3. The expansion control component 3 can effectively enable the expansion unit 203 to maintain the expansion effect when the temperature changes, thereby avoiding the generation of gaps. At the same time, an overpressure control component 4 is provided. Through the configuration of the overpressure control component 4, the function of automatic pressure relief can be achieved in the case of high temperature and overpressure, without the need for additional redundant operations or power sources, and is particularly suitable for use in high-temperature equipment. An insulation cloth layer 202 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the metal shell 201, and the insulation layer 204 is used to wrap the equipment. An expansion unit 203 is fixedly arranged between the insulation layer 204 and the insulation cloth layer 202, and the expansion unit 203 is used to expand to compensate for the gap between the insulation component 2 and the equipment. Through this technical solution, when the insulation component 2 provides insulation protection for the ultra-high voltage group 1, the expansion of the expansion unit 203 can compensate for the gap between the insulation layer 204 and the ultra-high voltage group 1.

[0025] For further technical solutions, see Figure 4 As shown, the expansion unit 203 is composed of a number of air bags 2031, which are arranged in a honeycomb shape and fixed to each other, and the air bags 2031 are connected by pipes. Through the present technical solution, by filling gas into the inner cavity of the air bag 2031, the expansion unit 203 can be fully expanded, thereby compensating for the gap between the insulation component 2 and the irregular equipment. At the same time, the honeycomb expansion unit 203 can achieve a better compensation effect and can adapt to different equipment. After inflation, the internal gas of the air bag 2031 can further play a role in heat preservation and insulation, which is particularly suitable for insulation of columnar equipment of different shapes.

[0026] Through this technical solution, when the honeycomb-shaped airbag units are inflated, each unit expands synchronously in the radial, circumferential, and axial directions, forming a uniform three-dimensional expansion network. Compared with traditional single-chamber airbags, the honeycomb structure can more accurately fill the uneven areas on the surface of irregular cylindrical devices. For specific technical solutions, please refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the expansion control assembly 3 includes a fixed bracket 301, a fixed cylinder 302, a movable piston 303 and a pressure control unit. The fixed bracket 301 is fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the metal shell 201, and one end of the fixed bracket 301 is fixedly connected to the fixed cylinder 302. The movable piston 303 is slidably connected in the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder 302. One end of the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder 302 is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting pipe 304. The other end of the connecting pipe 304 extends into the inner cavity of the expansion unit 203 and is fixedly connected to the expansion unit 203. Through the present technical solution, the movement of the movable piston 303 can make the gas in the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder 302 pressed into the inner cavity of the expansion unit 203, so that the multiple airbags 2031 are expanded. The expanded airbags 2031 can achieve a better deformation effect, can fully compensate for the gap, thereby improving the thermal insulation effect, and can adapt to different columnar devices, which is convenient and flexible to use. A pressure control unit is connected to one side of the movable piston 303, and the pressure control unit is used to drive the movable piston 303 to move to inflate and pressurize the expansion unit 203; The pressure control unit includes a movable circular plate 306, a control spring 305, a rotating platform 307, a fixed sleeve 308 and a threaded rod 309. The movable circular plate 306 is arranged in the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder 302 and slides with the fixed cylinder 302. One end of the control spring 305 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the movable circular plate 306, and the other end of the control spring 305 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the movable piston 303. One side of the fixed cylinder 302 is fixedly connected to the fixing sleeve 308, and the inner cavity of the fixing sleeve 308 is threadedly connected to the threaded rod 309. One end of the threaded rod 309 is rotatably connected to the rotating platform 307. The rotating platform 307 is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the movable circular plate 306, and the other end of the threaded rod 309 is fixedly connected to the adjusting knob 310. Through the present technical solution, when it is necessary to expand the expansion unit 203, the threaded rod 309 can be driven to rotate by rotating the adjusting knob 310, thereby The rotation of the threaded rod 309 can move and push the movable circular plate 306 to move, thereby pushing the movable piston 303 to move through the control spring 305 to realize the inflation function of the expansion unit 203. After inflation, the movable circular plate 306 is moved again, causing the control spring 305 to be compressed, generating a certain elastic pressure. When the expansion unit 203 contracts due to a decrease in temperature, the pre-elastic force of the control spring 305 can push the movable piston 303 to continue to move, causing the expansion unit 203 to expand and maintain the gap compensation effect. When the temperature rises, the gas inside the expansion unit 203 expands, and the gas can enter the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder 302 through the connecting pipe 304, causing the movable piston 303 to move in the opposite direction, causing the control spring 305 to continue to be compressed and contracted. From the above description, it can be seen that through the setting of the pressure control unit, it can play an adaptive compensation function when the temperature changes, and the compensation amount is controlled by controlling the compression amount of the control spring 305.

[0027] As a preferred technical solution, please refer to Figure 7 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the overpressure control assembly 4 includes an exhaust pipe 401, a control valve unit, and a linkage drive unit. The exhaust pipe 401 is fixedly arranged at one side of the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder 302 and is fixedly connected to the fixed cylinder 302. The control valve unit is installed on the exhaust pipe 401. The linkage drive unit is connected to the movable piston 303. The linkage drive unit is used to automatically drive the control valve unit to open by the reverse movement of the movable piston 303 at high temperatures. The control valve unit includes a control valve body 402, a control valve core 403, a connecting cylinder 404, a movable slider 405, an adjusting screw 406, a rotating rod 407 and a gear 408. The control valve body 402 is fixedly arranged on the exhaust pipe 401. An air flow channel is provided inside the control valve body 402. The control valve core 403 is slidably connected to the air flow channel of the control valve body 402. The control valve core 403 is used to control the opening and closing of the air flow channel. The arc-shaped wall of the control valve body 402 is fixedly connected to the connecting cylinder 404. The movable slider 405 is slidably connected to the inner cavity of the connecting cylinder 404. The movable slider 405 and the control valve core 403 are connected. 03 is fixedly connected, and a rotating rod 407 is rotatably connected to a side wall of one side of the connecting cylinder 404. An adjusting screw 406 is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating rod 407. The adjusting screw 406 passes through the movable slider 405 and is threadedly engaged with the movable slider 405. A gear 408 is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating rod 407. Through the present technical solution, the rotation of the gear 408 can drive the rotating rod 407 to rotate, thereby driving the adjusting screw 406 to rotate. The rotation of the adjusting screw 406 can drive the movable slider 405 to move, thereby driving the control valve core 403 to move, thereby realizing the opening or closing function; The linkage drive unit includes a sleeve frame 409, a movable guide rod 410, a rack 411, a guide frame 412, a magnetic sheet 413, a movable guide rod 414, a connecting plate 415 and a metal sheet 416. The sleeve frame 409 is fixedly arranged at the side wall of the fixed cylinder 302. The movable guide rod 410 is slidably connected to the sleeve frame 409. One end of the movable guide rod 410 is fixedly connected to the rack 411. A sliding groove is provided on the rack 411. The sliding groove of the rack 411 is slidably connected to the guide frame 412. The guide frame 412 is fixedly arranged at the arc-shaped wall of the fixed cylinder 302. The rack 411 and the gear 408 are engaged with each other. One end of the movable guide rod 410 is fixedly connected to the magnetic sheet 413. One end of the movable guide rod 414 is fixedly arranged on one side of the movable piston 303, and the other end of the movable guide rod 414 passes through the inner cavity wall of the fixed cylinder 302 and extends to the outside of the wall. One end of the movable guide rod 414 is fixedly connected to a connecting plate 415, and one side of the connecting plate 415 is fixedly connected to a metal sheet 416. The metal sheet 416 is adsorbed and fixed to the magnetic sheet 413. Through this technical solution, when the temperature rises and the gas expands, the gas in the inner cavity of the expansion unit 203 enters the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder 302 after expansion. Figure 7From the perspective shown, the movable piston 303 is pushed to move to the left, and the movement of the movable piston 303 drives the movable guide rod 414 to move, thereby driving the connecting plate 415 to move, and then driving the metal sheet 416 to move, thereby driving the movable guide rod 410 to move, and the movement of the movable guide rod 410 drives the rack 411 to move, thereby driving the gear 408 to rotate, and the rotation of the gear 408 controls the control valve core 403 to move and open, so that the gas can be released through the exhaust pipe 401. When the gas is released, due to the action of the control spring 305, the movable piston 303 can be driven to move to the right, thereby driving the rack 411 to move in the opposite direction, and then driving the gear 408 to rotate in the opposite direction, so that the control valve core 403 is reset and moved, so that the airway is closed, realizing the automatic closing function. As can be seen from the above description, the function of automatic overpressure relief can be realized, which is particularly suitable for use in high-temperature equipment; The heat preservation method of the heat preservation structure of the irregular columnar device comprises the following steps: S1. Wrap the insulation assembly 2 around the surface of the irregular cylindrical device and fill the airbags 2031 of the expansion unit 203 with gas through the expansion control assembly 3 outside the metal shell 201, so that the honeycomb-shaped airbags 2031 expand and fill the gap between the insulation layer 204 and the device; S2. Rotate the adjustment knob 310 to drive the threaded rod 309 to push the movable circular plate 306, compress the control spring 305, and push the movable piston 303 to move. The gas in the fixed cylinder 302 is continuously pressed into the expansion unit 203 through the connecting pipe 304, so that the expansion amount of the airbag 2031 is adaptively adjusted according to the curved surface of the device. S3. When the temperature drops and the airbag 2031 contracts, the control spring 305 releases the pre-pressure to push the movable piston 303 to compensate for the inflation, maintaining the gap filling state of the expansion unit 203. When the temperature rises and the gas expands, the over-pressure gas enters the fixed cylinder 302 in the opposite direction, pushing the movable piston 303 to retract, and driving the movable guide rod 414 to link the magnetic sheet 413 with the metal sheet 416. S4. The rack 411 is driven to mesh and rotate with the gear 408 by moving the guide rod 410, thereby driving the adjusting screw 406 to push the control valve core 403 to open the exhaust pipe 401 to release pressure. After the pressure relief is completed, the control spring 305 resets the moving piston 303, and the linked rack 411 moves in the opposite direction to close the control valve core 403, completing the automatic pressure regulation under the high temperature overpressure state.

[0028] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations are possible for those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A thermal insulation structure for irregular columnar equipment, characterized by: The thermal insulation structure of the irregular columnar device includes: A heat-insulating assembly (2), comprising a metal shell (201), a heat-insulating cloth layer (202), an expansion unit (203), and a heat-insulating layer (204), the heat-insulating assembly (2) being used for heat-insulating irregular columnar equipment; An expansion control component (3), the expansion control component (3) being fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the metal shell (201), the expansion control component (3) being connected to the expansion unit (203), and the expansion control component (3) being used to enable the expansion unit (203) to perform adaptive expansion to apply to the curved surfaces of different columnar devices; An overpressure control component (4) is fixedly arranged on the expansion control component (3), and the overpressure control component (4) is used for automatically releasing pressure when overpressure occurs due to high-temperature expansion.

2. The thermal insulation structure of an irregular columnar device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A heat-insulating cloth layer (202) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the metal shell (201); the heat-insulating layer (204) is used to wrap the device; an expansion unit (203) is fixedly provided between the heat-insulating layer (204) and the heat-insulating cloth layer (202); the expansion unit (203) is used to expand so as to compensate for the gap between the heat-insulating component (2) and the device.

3. The thermal insulation structure of an irregular columnar device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expansion unit (203) is composed of a plurality of air bags (2031), the plurality of air bags (2031) are arranged in a honeycomb shape and fixed to each other, and the plurality of air bags (2031) are connected through pipes.

4. The thermal insulation structure of an irregular columnar device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The expansion control assembly (3) comprises a fixed bracket (301), a fixed cylinder (302), a movable piston (303) and a pressure control unit. The fixed bracket (301) is fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the metal shell (201). One end of the fixed bracket (301) is fixedly connected to the fixed cylinder (302). The movable piston (303) is slidably connected in the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder (302). One end of the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder (302) is fixedly connected to one end of a connecting pipe (304). The other end of the connecting pipe (304) extends into the inner cavity of the expansion unit (203) and is fixedly connected to the expansion unit (203).

5. The thermal insulation structure of irregular columnar equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pressure control unit is connected to one side of the movable piston (303), and the pressure control unit is used to drive the movable piston (303) to move to inflate and pressurize the expansion unit (203).

6. The thermal insulation structure of irregular columnar equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pressure control unit comprises a movable circular plate (306), a control spring (305), a rotating platform (307), a fixed sleeve (308) and a threaded rod (309), wherein the movable circular plate (306) is arranged in the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder (302) and is slidably matched with the fixed cylinder (302), one end of the control spring (305) is fixedly connected to a side wall of one side of the movable circular plate (306), and the other end of the control spring (305) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the movable piston (303), a fixed sleeve (308) is fixedly connected to one side of the fixed cylinder (302), the inner cavity of the fixed sleeve (308) is threadedly connected to the threaded rod (309), one end of the threaded rod (309) is rotatably connected to the rotating platform (307), the rotating platform (307) is fixedly arranged on the side wall of one side of the movable circular plate (306), and the other end of the threaded rod (309) is fixedly connected to an adjusting knob (310).

7. The thermal insulation structure of irregular columnar equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The overpressure control assembly (4) comprises an exhaust pipe (401), a control valve unit and a linkage drive unit. The exhaust pipe (401) is fixedly arranged at one side of the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder (302) and is fixedly connected to the fixed cylinder (302). The control valve unit is installed on the exhaust pipe (401). The linkage drive unit is connected to the movable piston (303). The linkage drive unit is used to automatically drive the control valve unit to open through the reverse movement of the movable piston (303) at high temperature.

8. The thermal insulation structure of irregular columnar equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The control valve unit comprises a control valve body (402), a control valve core (403), a connecting cylinder (404), a movable slider (405), an adjusting screw (406), a rotating rod (407) and a gear (408). The control valve body (402) is fixedly arranged on the exhaust pipe (401). An air flow channel is arranged inside the control valve body (402). A control valve core (403) is slidably connected in the air flow channel of the control valve body (402). The control valve core (403) is used to control the opening and closing of the air flow channel. The arc-shaped wall of the control valve body (402) is provided with a plurality of control valves. A connecting cylinder (404) is fixedly connected, a movable slider (405) is slidably connected in the inner cavity of the connecting cylinder (404), the movable slider (405) is fixedly connected to one end of the control valve core (403), a rotating rod (407) is rotatably connected to a side wall of one side of the connecting cylinder (404), one end of the rotating rod (407) is fixedly connected to an adjusting screw (406), the adjusting screw (406) passes through the movable slider (405) and is threadedly engaged with the movable slider (405), and one end of the rotating rod (407) is fixedly connected to a gear (408).

9. The thermal insulation structure of irregular columnar equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The linkage drive unit comprises a sleeve frame (409), a movable guide rod (410), a rack (411), a guide frame (412), a magnetic sheet (413), a movable guide rod (414), a connecting plate (415) and a metal sheet (416); the sleeve frame (409) is fixedly arranged at a side wall position of the fixed cylinder (302); the sleeve frame (409) is slidably connected to the movable guide rod (410); one end of the movable guide rod (410) is fixedly connected to the rack (411); a sliding groove is provided on the rack (411); the sliding groove of the rack (411) is slidably connected to the guide frame (412); the guide frame (412) is fixedly arranged at the arc wall of the fixed cylinder (302); the rack (411) and the gear (408) are meshed with each other; one end of the movable guide rod (410) is fixedly connected to the magnetic sheet (413); One end of the movable guide rod (414) is fixedly arranged on one side of the movable piston (303), and the other end of the movable guide rod (414) passes through the inner cavity wall of the fixed cylinder (302) and extends outside the wall. One end of the movable guide rod (414) is fixedly connected to a connecting plate (415), and one side of the connecting plate (415) is fixedly connected to a metal sheet (416), and the metal sheet (416) is fixed to the magnetic sheet (413) by adsorption.

10. A method for heat preservation of an irregular columnar device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The heat preservation method of the heat preservation structure of the irregular columnar device comprises the following steps: S1. Wrap the insulation component (2) and fix it on the surface of the irregular columnar device, and fill the airbag (2031) of the expansion unit (203) with gas through the expansion control component (3) outside the metal shell (201), so that the airbag (2031) arranged in a honeycomb shape expands to fill the gap between the insulation layer (204) and the device; S2. By rotating the adjustment knob (310), the threaded rod (309) is driven to push the movable circular plate (306), compressing the control spring (305) and pushing the movable piston (303) to move, and the gas in the fixed cylinder (302) is continuously pressed into the expansion unit (203) through the connecting pipe (304), so that the expansion amount of the airbag (2031) is adaptively adjusted according to the curved surface of the device; S3. When the temperature drops and the airbag (2031) contracts, the control spring (305) releases the pre-pressure to push the movable piston (303) to compensate for the inflation, thereby maintaining the gap filling state of the expansion unit (203); when the temperature rises and the gas expands, the over-pressure gas enters the fixed cylinder (302) in the opposite direction to push the movable piston (303) to retract, and drives the movable guide rod (414) to link the magnetic sheet (413) and the metal sheet (416) to be adsorbed; S4. The guide rod (410) is moved to drive the rack (411) to mesh with the gear (408) and rotate, thereby driving the adjusting screw (406) to push the control valve core (403) to open the exhaust pipe (401) and release the pressure. After the pressure release is completed, the control spring (305) resets the moving piston (303), and the rack (411) moves in the opposite direction to close the control valve core (403), thereby completing the automatic pressure regulation under the high temperature overpressure state.

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