Power distribution network hierarchical and scale reactive power control method and system considering voltage regulation sensitivity

Abstract

The disclosure provides a power distribution network layered and scaled follow / construct network reactive power control method and system considering voltage regulation sensitivity. The control method comprises: obtaining load disturbance information of a power distribution network; based on the load disturbance information and its associated power distribution network voltage regulation area, determining the type of reactive power compensation control equipment corresponding to the load disturbance information under the power distribution network voltage regulation area; based on a real-time reactive power voltage optimization model of the power distribution network, obtaining the optimized reactive power compensation capacity result; based on the type of reactive power compensation control equipment and the reactive power compensation capacity result, determining the optimal reactive power compensation control equipment and its reactive power compensation capacity; based on the optimal reactive power compensation control equipment and its reactive power compensation capacity, performing reactive power compensation on the power distribution network. The control method can achieve optimal reactive power compensation under corresponding load disturbance information and improve the performance of voltage regulation.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure belongs to the field of power distribution network control, and relates to a reactive power control method for a power distribution network, in particular to a reactive power control method and system for a power distribution network considering voltage regulation sensitivity in hierarchical and scaled construction. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of voltage reactive power optimization of power distribution networks, differentiated configuration and collaborative control of reactive power compensation devices are key technical means to ensure system voltage stability. Existing reactive power compensation devices can be divided into two categories, grid-following and grid-forming, according to their control characteristics, which include thyristor switched capacitor (TSC), static var compensator (SVG), static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), and other device clusters of different technical forms. Each type of device shows significant differences in voltage regulation capacity: grid-following devices have fast dynamic response characteristics but limited voltage regulation capacity, while grid-forming devices have strong voltage support capacity but relatively slow dynamic response. In terms of time scale characteristics, traditional capacitor banks exhibit slow regulation characteristics at the hour level, while power electronic devices have fast response capabilities at the minute level.

[0003] The current reactive power-voltage control strategy has three technical bottlenecks: first, the existing device selection and configuration lack quantitative evaluation of voltage regulation sensitivity, making it difficult to match the differentiated voltage regulation accuracy and amplitude requirements under different disturbance scenarios; second, the control strategy does not establish a multi-time scale collaborative mechanism, resulting in time mismatch between hour-level planned regulation and minute-level dynamic compensation; third, the collaborative mechanism of grid-following and grid-forming devices is unclear, leading to conflicts in reactive power output or waste of regulation margin between devices. Existing researches mostly use centralized optimization methods at a single time scale, which consider device operation constraints but do not decouple the control timing of devices with different response speeds; some control strategies introduce hierarchical control ideas, but do not establish a mapping relationship between voltage regulation sensitivity and time scale, making it difficult to achieve fine collaboration.

[0004] The above defects lead to two operational difficulties for power distribution networks: in steady-state conditions, frequent operation of slow devices shortens their service life; in transient disturbance scenarios, fast devices exhaust their regulation margin too early, weakening the system's dynamic support capability. Especially under the background of high proportion of distributed power supply, voltage fluctuations exhibit multi-time scale coupling characteristics, and traditional control modes have been difficult to meet the multi-time scale multi-level collaborative needs. Therefore, it is urgent to build a new control architecture that integrates voltage regulation capacity evaluation, multi-time scale hierarchical decoupling, and grid-following-grid-forming device collaboration, to achieve hierarchical and zoned optimization of reactive power resources. SUMMARY

[0005] The disclosure aims to provide a power distribution network hierarchical and scale follow / structure reactive power control method and system considering voltage regulation sensitivity, to solve the problem that the actual power distribution network reactive power-voltage regulation efficiency and control effect is difficult to achieve optimal effect.

[0006] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the disclosure provide a power distribution network hierarchical and scale follow / structure reactive power control method considering voltage regulation sensitivity, applied to a power distribution network hierarchical and scale follow / structure reactive power control system considering voltage regulation sensitivity. The control method comprises: obtaining load disturbance information of a power distribution network; determining the type of reactive power compensation control equipment corresponding to the load disturbance information under the voltage regulation area of the power distribution network based on the load disturbance information and its associated voltage regulation area; obtaining the optimized reactive power compensation capacity result based on the real-time reactive power voltage optimization model of the power distribution network; determining the optimal reactive power compensation control equipment and its reactive power compensation capacity based on the type of reactive power compensation control equipment and the reactive power compensation capacity result; and performing reactive power compensation on the power distribution network based on the optimal reactive power compensation control equipment and its reactive power compensation capacity.

[0007] By determining the type of reactive power compensation control equipment according to the load disturbance information, and determining the optimal reactive power compensation control equipment and its reactive power compensation capacity based on the type of reactive power compensation control equipment and the reactive power compensation capacity result, the optimal reactive power compensation under the corresponding load disturbance information can be achieved, and the efficiency and accuracy of voltage regulation can be improved.

[0008] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the real-time reactive power voltage optimization model comprises a low-speed hourly target function, a medium-speed quarter-hour target function and a high-speed minute target function, and the low-speed hourly target function, the medium-speed quarter-hour target function and the high-speed minute target function are expressed as:

[0009]

[0010] wherein S ij (t) represents the apparent power of the power distribution network at any time t, U i (t) represents the voltage of node i of the power distribution network at any time t, K represents the total number of nodes of the power distribution network, R ij represents the line resistance between node i and node j of the power distribution network, U i,h (t) represents the voltage of node i of the power distribution network at any time t under the low-speed hourly level, U i,h，ref (t) represents the reference voltage value of node i set by the power distribution network at any time t under the low-speed hourly level, represents the fixed reactive power injected by node i of the power distribution network at any time t, U i,q (t) represents the voltage of node i of the power distribution network at any time t under the medium-speed quarter-hour level, U i,q，ref(t) represents the reference voltage value of node i set at any time t in the medium-speed, quarter-hour level distribution network. U represents the dynamic reactive power injected into node i of the distribution network at any time t, C represents the set of all nodes in the distribution network equipped with reactive power compensation control devices, and U represents the dynamic reactive power injected into node i of the distribution network at any time t. i,m (t) represents the node i voltage at any time t in the high-speed minute-level distribution network, U i,m，ref (t) represents the reference voltage value of distribution node i set at any time t in the high-speed minute-level distribution network.

[0011] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the real-time reactive power and voltage optimization model further includes reactive power and voltage constraints for the low-speed hourly objective function, the medium-speed quarter-hourly objective function, and the high-speed minute-level objective function, wherein the constraints are expressed as follows:

[0012]

[0013] Among them, U i,h,min U represents the minimum node i voltage at any time t in the distribution network under low-speed hourly conditions. i,h,max U represents the maximum node i voltage at any time t in the distribution network under low-speed hourly conditions. i,q,min U represents the minimum node i voltage at any time t in the distribution network at the medium-speed quartile level. i,q,max U represents the maximum node i voltage at any time t in the distribution network at the medium-speed quartile level. i,m,min U represents the minimum node i voltage at any time t in the high-speed minute-level distribution network. i,m,max This represents the maximum node i voltage at any time t in the high-speed, minute-level distribution network.

[0014] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the load disturbance information is a sudden drop in load at a node of the distribution network, a decrease in the overall network load, a sudden increase in load at a node, an increase in the overall network load, or a random change in load. The voltage regulation area of ​​the distribution network is a lower limit area, a nominal area, or an upper limit area. The reactive power compensation control equipment type is a network-following control type or a network-structured control type.

[0015] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the method for determining the type of reactive power compensation control equipment corresponding to the load disturbance information in the distribution network voltage regulation area based on the load disturbance information and its associated distribution network voltage regulation area includes: when the load disturbance information is a sudden load drop at a node of the distribution network, determining the reactive power compensation control equipment type corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit area and the upper limit area as the network-following control type and the network-building control type, respectively; when the load disturbance information is a decrease in the overall network load, determining the reactive power compensation control equipment type corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit area and the upper limit area as the network-following control type and the network-building control type, respectively. The reactive power compensation control device types corresponding to the upper limit zone are the grid-following control type and the grid-forming control type, respectively; when the load disturbance information is a sudden increase in the load of a certain node, the reactive power compensation control device types corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit zone and the upper limit zone are determined to be the grid-forming control type and the grid-following control type, respectively; when the load disturbance information is an increase in the load of the entire network, the reactive power compensation control device types corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit zone and the upper limit zone are determined to be the grid-forming control type and the grid-following control type, respectively.

[0016] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the method for determining the optimal reactive power compensation control device and its reactive power compensation capacity based on the type of reactive power compensation control device and the reactive power compensation capacity result includes: when the load disturbance information is a sudden drop in load at a node of the distribution network, the optimal reactive power compensation control devices corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit zone, the nominal zone, and the upper limit zone are determined to be a grid-following SVG, a TSC, and a network-building SVG, respectively; when the load disturbance information is a decrease in the overall network load, the optimal reactive power compensation control devices corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit zone, the nominal zone, and the upper limit zone are determined to be a grid-following SVG, a TSC, and a network-building SVG, respectively; when the load disturbance information is a sudden increase in load at a node, ... The optimal reactive power compensation control devices corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit zone, the nominal zone, and the upper limit zone are determined to be a grid-type SVG, a TSC, and a grid-following SVG, respectively. When the load disturbance information is an increase in the overall network load, the optimal reactive power compensation control devices corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit zone, the nominal zone, and the upper limit zone are determined to be a grid-type SVG, a TSC, and a grid-following SVG, respectively. Based on the reactive power compensation capacity results, the reactive power compensation capacities corresponding to the optimal reactive power compensation control devices in the lower limit zone, the nominal zone, and the upper limit zone are determined to be the reactive power compensation capacity results at the high-speed minute level, the low-speed hour level, the medium-speed quarter-hour level, and the high-speed minute level, respectively.

[0017] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the reactive power compensation capacity Q generated / absorbed by the low-speed hourly reactive power compensation control device is...h Represented as:

[0018]

[0019] Where E is the output voltage of the reactive power compensation control equipment, U is the distribution network node voltage, X is the reactance of the electrical branch where the reactive power compensation control equipment is located, θ is the power factor angle of the electrical branch of the reactive power compensation control equipment, and ΔU h Q represents the voltage regulation value of a distribution network system or node within an hourly time scale. h This indicates the reactive power compensation capacity generated / absorbed by the low-speed, hourly reactive power compensation control equipment.

[0020] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the reactive power compensation capacity Q generated / absorbed by the medium-speed, quarter-hour-level reactive power compensation control device is... h,q Represented as:

[0021]

[0022] Where, ΔU q Q represents the voltage regulation value of a distribution network system or node within a scale-level time scale. h,q This indicates the reactive power compensation capacity generated / absorbed by the medium-speed, quarter-hour-level reactive power compensation control equipment.

[0023] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the high-speed minute-level reactive power compensation control device generates / absorbs reactive power compensation capacity Q. h,q,m Represented as:

[0024]

[0025] Where, ΔU m Q represents the voltage regulation value of a distribution network system or node within a minute-level time scale. h,q,m This indicates the reactive power compensation capacity generated / absorbed by high-speed, minute-level reactive power compensation control equipment.

[0026] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a hierarchical and segmented reactive power control system for distribution networks that considers voltage regulation sensitivity, comprising: an information acquisition module for acquiring load disturbance information of the distribution network; a type determination module for determining the type of reactive power compensation control equipment corresponding to the load disturbance information in the voltage regulation area of ​​the distribution network based on the load disturbance information and its associated distribution network voltage regulation area; a result acquisition module for acquiring the optimized reactive power compensation capacity result based on a real-time reactive power voltage optimization model of the distribution network; an equipment determination module for determining the optimal reactive power compensation control equipment and its reactive power compensation capacity based on the type of reactive power compensation control equipment and the reactive power compensation capacity result; and a reactive power compensation module for performing reactive power compensation on the distribution network based on the optimal reactive power compensation control equipment and its reactive power compensation capacity.

[0027] As described above, the hierarchical and scalable reactive power control method and system for distribution networks that takes into account voltage regulation sensitivity, as described in this application, has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] By determining the type of reactive power compensation control equipment based on load disturbance information, and by determining the optimal reactive power compensation control equipment and its reactive power compensation capacity based on the type of reactive power compensation control equipment and the reactive power compensation capacity, optimal reactive power compensation under corresponding load disturbance information can be achieved, thereby improving the performance of voltage regulation. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the power distribution network structure according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0030] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the reactive power-voltage regulation curve of a distribution network according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0031] Figure 3 The flowchart shown is a flowchart of a hierarchical and scaled reactive power control method for distribution networks that takes into account voltage regulation sensitivity, as an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0032] Figure 4 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the reactive power compensation capacity of the distribution network according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0033] Figure 5 The flowchart shown is an implementation method of determining the type of reactive power compensation control equipment corresponding to the load disturbance information in the voltage regulation area of ​​the power distribution network based on the load disturbance information and its associated voltage regulation area of ​​the power distribution network, according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0034] Figure 6 The flowchart shown is a method for determining the optimal reactive power compensation control device and its reactive power compensation capacity based on the type of reactive power compensation control device and the reactive power compensation capacity results in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0035] Figure 7 The flowchart shown is a diagram of a hierarchical and scalable reactive power control system for a distribution network that takes into account voltage regulation sensitivity, as described in an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this disclosure from the content disclosed in this specification. This disclosure can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this disclosure. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0037] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of this disclosure. Therefore, the illustrations only show the components related to this disclosure and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0038] The technical solutions of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] The following will elaborate on the principles and implementation methods of the hierarchical and scaled reactive power control method and system for distribution networks that takes into account voltage regulation sensitivity, according to embodiments of this disclosure. This will enable those skilled in the art to understand the hierarchical and scaled reactive power control method and system for distribution networks that takes into account voltage regulation sensitivity without creative effort. The hierarchical and scaled reactive power control method for distribution networks that takes into account voltage regulation sensitivity can refer to a hierarchical and scaled reactive power control method for distribution networks that takes voltage regulation sensitivity into account. Voltage regulation sensitivity can include voltage regulation efficiency and voltage regulation.

[0040] The load size and distribution of a distribution network change in real time. The load distribution and characteristics of the distribution network at different times, as well as the control methods of various reactive power compensation devices and grid-connected inverters, significantly influence the voltage distribution characteristics of the distribution network. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate different voltage regulation amplitude and accuracy requirements for different distribution network load disturbance / sudden change operation scenarios. This involves identifying and classifying the voltage regulation sensitivity of different grid-connected and grid-building control devices to more accurately match and adapt to the reactive power compensation and control needs of different scenarios, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of voltage regulation.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the power distribution network structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The power distribution network structure includes two power sources and five nodes. Figure 1A typical reactive power compensation device, the SVG (Static Var Generator), is selected and connected to the bus at node 4. The SVG can be either grid-based or grid-connected. Grid-based GFL exhibits current source characteristics, requiring grid voltage and frequency information, and is more suitable for voltage control in strong grids. Grid-connected GFM exhibits voltage source characteristics, does not require grid voltage and frequency information, and is more suitable for voltage control in weak grids.

[0042] Figure 2 This illustrates the reactive power-voltage regulation curve of a distribution network according to an embodiment of this disclosure. With the assistance of SVG, Figure 1 Typical reactive power-voltage regulation curves of distribution network structures are as follows: Figure 2 As shown, corresponding to different reactive power compensation capacities, the distribution network voltage can be divided into three typical voltage regulation zones: the nominal zone, the upper limit zone, and the lower limit zone. The boundary values ​​between these zones can be set according to the distribution network operating characteristics and actual needs. For... Figure 1 The typical regional boundary value settings of the distribution network structure shown are shown in Table 1 below, that is, the voltage regulation sensitivity requirements of different voltage regulation areas are shown in Table 1 below.

[0043]

[0044] Table 1

[0045] Each voltage regulation region has different requirements for voltage regulation sensitivity (including voltage regulation efficiency and voltage regulation accuracy). Among these, the voltage regulation efficiency η... U This represents the voltage variation amplitude of distribution network nodes under a unit reactive power regulation capacity generated / absorbed by the reactive power compensation equipment SVG, and the voltage regulation accuracy β. U The voltage regulation amplitude, regulation efficiency, and regulation accuracy achieved by the SVG (Voltage Var Compensation Device) under the minimum reactive power regulation capacity generated / absorbed can be represented by the following formula:

[0046]

[0047] Where ΔQ represents the reactive power regulation capacity generated / absorbed by the reactive power compensation equipment at the distribution network node, Q represents the reference reactive power regulation capacity of the reactive power compensation equipment at the distribution network node, ΔQ / Q represents the unit reactive power regulation capacity generated / absorbed by the reactive power compensation equipment at the distribution network node, ΔU represents the voltage change at the distribution network node, U represents the reference voltage at the distribution network node, ΔU / U represents the voltage regulation amplitude at the distribution network node, and η U ΔQ represents the voltage variation at a distribution network node under a unit reactive power regulation capacity generated / absorbed by the reactive power compensation equipment at the distribution network node. min β represents the minimum reactive power regulation capacity generated / absorbed by the reactive power compensation equipment at a distribution network node. UThis indicates the voltage regulation range achieved by the reactive power compensation equipment at the distribution network node under the minimum reactive power regulation capacity of the output / absorption.

[0048] Within the nominal voltage range, the voltage regulation amplitude and accuracy can be set as needed to quickly adjust the voltage to near the target value. However, in the lower or upper voltage range, to prevent the voltage from exceeding the limit or to approach the target value with greater accuracy, it is usually necessary to minimize the voltage regulation amplitude of the control equipment and improve the voltage regulation accuracy, in order to minimize the difference between the actual voltage regulation result and the target value.

[0049] The power distribution network has several typical load disturbance / sudden change scenarios as shown in Table 2 below.

[0050] Scenario type Load disturbance / mutation feature Distribution network voltage variation feature Scenario 1 Sudden load drop of certain node Node and terminal voltage rise Scenario 2 Whole network load reduction Terminal and whole network voltage rise Scenario 3 Sudden load increase of certain node Node and terminal voltage drop Scenario 4 Whole network load increase Terminal and whole network voltage drop Scenario 5 Random load variation Random rise and drop

[0051] Table 2

[0052] By Figure 1 The SVG at node 4 is configured with either Grid-Following Control (GFL) or Grid-Forming Control (GFM) modes. GFL exhibits current source characteristics, relying on grid voltage and frequency, and cannot provide voltage support itself. When grid voltage or frequency fluctuates, the GFL control device may need some time to adjust its output to adapt to the grid changes. GFM exhibits voltage source characteristics, can autonomously set voltage parameters, and output stable voltage and frequency, enhancing the stability of the power system. It can quickly and proactively support the grid voltage during grid voltage fluctuations.

[0053] The voltage regulation performance of grid-type control and network-type control is compared in Table 3 below:

[0054]

[0055] Table 3

[0056] Using voltage regulation sensitivity as the primary reference indicator, and comprehensively considering the advantages and disadvantages of both control methods in terms of voltage regulation efficiency and accuracy, as well as voltage regulation economy and adaptability, typical voltage regulation performance tests were conducted for scenarios 1-5. In the tests, at any one or several nodes, sudden increases or decreases in node load or distribution network system load of different scales (e.g., ±20kW, ±50kW, and ±100kW) were set to achieve different amplitudes of node voltage rises or falls and overall system voltage fluctuations. Then, the voltage regulation performance of the grid-connected control SVG and the network-structured control SVG were tested respectively. The test results are shown in Table 4 below:

[0057]

[0058] Table 4

[0059] Table 4 shows that the following type SVG is more suitable for voltage regulation in the lower limit region of scenarios 1 and 2, and the upper limit region of scenarios 3 and 4; the mesh-type SVG is more suitable for voltage regulation in the lower limit region of scenarios 3 and 4, and the upper limit region of scenarios 1 and 2; for voltage regulation in the nominal region, both the following type and mesh-type SVG can be used in scenarios 1 to 5.

[0060] Taking into account the applicable voltage regulation ranges of grid-type and network-type control equipment, it is also necessary to further determine the specific control equipment based on the voltage regulation sensitivity of different types of grid-type or network-type control equipment. Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a hierarchical and segmented reactive power control method for a distribution network that takes into account voltage regulation sensitivity, according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a hierarchical and segmented reactive power control method for distribution networks that takes into account voltage regulation sensitivity, including:

[0061] S11, obtain load disturbance information of the distribution network.

[0062] S12, based on the load disturbance information and its associated distribution network voltage regulation area, determine the type of reactive power compensation control equipment corresponding to the load disturbance information in the distribution network voltage regulation area.

[0063] Optionally, the load disturbance information is a sudden drop in load at a certain node of the distribution network, a decrease in the overall network load, a sudden increase in load at a certain node, an increase in the overall network load, or a random change in load. The voltage regulation area of ​​the distribution network is: the lower limit area, the nominal area, or the upper limit area. The voltage regulation time scale is an hourly scale, a quarter-hour scale, or a minute scale.

[0064] Optionally, the reactive power compensation control device type can be either a grid-based control type or a network-structured control type.

[0065] S13, Based on the real-time reactive power and voltage optimization model of the distribution network, obtain its optimized reactive power compensation capacity result. Optionally, the method for obtaining the optimized reactive power compensation capacity result based on the real-time reactive power and voltage optimization model of the distribution network includes: solving the real-time reactive power and voltage optimization model of the distribution network according to the specific equipment under the reactive power compensation control type to obtain the reactive power compensation capacity result.

[0066] S14. Based on the type of reactive power compensation control equipment and the reactive power compensation capacity result, determine the optimal reactive power compensation control equipment and its reactive power compensation capacity.

[0067] Optionally, the optimal reactive power compensation control device may refer to a specific device used for optimal reactive power compensation of the load disturbance information. The optimal reactive power compensation control device can be selected from multiple devices under the reactive power compensation control device type.

[0068] S15, Reactive power compensation is performed on the power distribution network based on the optimal reactive power compensation control equipment and its reactive power compensation capacity.

[0069] Optionally, performing reactive power compensation on the distribution network based on the optimal reactive power compensation control device and its reactive power compensation capacity can refer to the optimal reactive power compensation control device performing reactive power compensation on the distribution network according to the configured reactive power compensation capacity.

[0070] Optionally, Figure 3 This illustrates the electrical branch of a distribution network node connected to a reactive power compensation control device according to an embodiment of this disclosure. The hourly, quarter-hourly, and minute-level scales correspond to three reactive power compensation adjustment speeds: low-speed, medium-speed, and high-speed compensation adjustment, respectively. The low-speed-hourly scale reactive power compensation and adjustment amplitude is large, but the adjustment speed is slow, typically requiring more than one hour for a single adjustment, and the adjustment accuracy is not high, with an adjustment error usually around ±5%. This is a coarse adjustment method. It is mainly aimed at reactive power compensation and overall voltage regulation scenarios for the entire distribution network system. The low-speed-hourly scale reactive power control is set as the first-level reactive power control. This control layer is suitable for using large-capacity, coarse-adjustment reactive power compensation control devices. The reactive power compensation capacity Q generated / absorbed by the reactive power compensation control device in this control layer... h It can be represented as:

[0071]

[0072] Where E is the output voltage of the reactive power compensation control equipment, U is the distribution network node voltage, X is the reactance of the electrical branch where the reactive power compensation control equipment is located, and θ is the power factor angle of the electrical branch where the reactive power compensation control equipment is located. ΔU h Q represents the voltage regulation value of a distribution network system or node within an hourly time scale. h This represents the reactive power compensation capacity generated / absorbed by the reactive power compensation control equipment at the low-speed hourly level. h includes all quarter-hours within this hourly scale. That is, h = {q1, q2, q3, q4}, where q1 to q4 represent the 1st to 4th quarter-hours within this hourly scale, respectively.

[0073] Reactive power compensation and adjustment at the medium-speed-15-minute scale is smaller than that at the hourly scale, placing it in a medium-scale position. However, its adjustment speed and accuracy are higher than those at the low-speed-hourly scale. A single adjustment takes approximately 15 minutes, with an adjustment error typically around ±1%. This is considered a fine-tuning method. Its main purpose is to further optimize reactive power compensation capacity within a shorter timeframe, building upon coarse-tuning, to achieve reactive power transfer and complementarity between multiple nodes, as well as reactive power balance within a region or section. The medium-speed-15-minute scale reactive power control is set as a second-level reactive power control. This control layer is suitable for medium-capacity reactive power compensation control equipment. The reactive power compensation capacity Q generated / absorbed by the reactive power compensation control equipment in this control layer is... h,q It can be represented as:

[0074]

[0075] Where, ΔU q Q represents the voltage regulation value of a distribution network system or node within a scale-level time scale. h,q This represents the reactive power compensation capacity generated / absorbed by a medium-speed, quarter-hour-level reactive power compensation control device, where q includes all minutes within that quarter-hour timeframe. That is, q = {m1, m2, ..., m} 15}, m1~m 15 These represent the 1st to the 15th minute within the quarter-hour timeframe.

[0076] High-speed, minute-level reactive power compensation and regulation have the smallest amplitude, but the highest regulation speed and accuracy. They typically complete one regulation within one minute, with regulation errors controlled within ±0.2%. They are mainly used to further refine the compensation capacity and improve compensation and regulation accuracy within a short time, building upon low-speed, hour-level and medium-speed, quarter-hour-level (15-minute-level) regulation. They also support rapid node voltage regulation under transient fault scenarios. High-speed, minute-level reactive power control is set as the third layer of reactive power control. This layer is suitable for small-capacity, finely adjusted reactive power compensation control equipment. The reactive power compensation capacity Q generated / absorbed by the reactive power compensation control equipment in this layer is... h,q,m It can be represented as:

[0077]

[0078] Where, ΔU m Q represents the voltage regulation value of a distribution network system or node within a minute-level time scale. h,q,m This represents the reactive power compensation capacity generated / absorbed by the high-speed, minute-level reactive power compensation control equipment. In summary, at each minute, the total reactive power compensation capacity Q of the entire distribution network is... c It can be expressed as follows:

[0079]

[0080] Among them, Q h If Q represents the reactive power compensation capacity of the first layer in the h-th hour, then... h,q For example, Q represents the second-level reactive power compensation capacity at the quarter-hour mark q in the h-th hour. h,q,m For example, it represents the third layer of reactive power compensation capacity in the m minute of the q quarter-hour of the h-th hour.

[0081] Optionally, the equipment types used in the low-speed-hour level, medium-speed-quarter-hour level, and high-speed-minute level can be the reactive power compensation control equipment types determined in step S12.

[0082] To address the varying requirements of reactive power compensation, regulation speed, and accuracy under different operating scenarios in power distribution networks, and to achieve optimal reactive power-voltage control performance for each scenario, this invention selects grid-following and grid-building control devices, including SVG (Static Var Generator), SVG for network construction, and TSC (Thyristor Switched Capacitor). TSC is a large-capacity reactive power compensation and control device with coarse regulation, while SVG is a small-to-medium capacity reactive power compensation and control device with fine regulation.

[0083] Reactive power-voltage regulation is divided into three levels, each corresponding to one of the three time scales of regulation described above, forming a hierarchical and scaled reactive power system control strategy. Within each level, appropriate reactive power compensation and control equipment is selected and scheduled based on the voltage regulation sensitivity of different devices to generate or absorb reactive power. Ultimately, a hierarchical and scaled reactive power coordinated control method considering voltage regulation sensitivity and grid-to-grid structure is established.

[0084] Optionally, the adjustment performance of the low-speed hour level, the medium-speed quarter-hour level, and the high-speed minute level can be as shown in Table 5 below:

[0085]

[0086] Table 5

[0087] Optionally, the real-time reactive voltage optimization model is used to keep the overall voltage deviation of the distribution network to a minimum at any time and to suppress voltage disturbances or over-limits to the greatest extent.

[0088] Optionally, the objective function of the reactive power voltage optimization model is:

[0089]

[0090] Where F(t) represents the objective function, U i(t) represents the voltage at node i in the distribution network at any time t, U ref (t) represents the reference voltage value set for distribution network node i at any time t, S ij (t) represents the apparent power of the distribution network at any time t, specifically the apparent power between node i and node j at any time t, R ij Q represents the line resistance between node i and node j in the distribution network. c,i c represents the total reactive power compensation capacity of node i in the distribution network. i denoted as the reactive power compensation capacity cost coefficient, specifically the reactive power compensation capacity cost coefficient of distribution network node i, where K represents the total number of distribution network nodes, C represents the set of all nodes in the distribution network equipped with reactive power compensation equipment, and α, β, and γ are the weighting coefficients for balancing network losses, voltage quality, and the economic efficiency of reactive power compensation, respectively.

[0091] Optionally, the objective function has constraints, which include:

[0092]

[0093] Among them, P i (t),P S,i (t),P L,i (t) represents the active power injected into node i of the distribution network, the active power generated by the power source connected to node i, and the active power of the load connected to node i at any time t, respectively. i (t),Q S,i (t),Q C,i (t),Q L,i (t),Q S,i,res (t) represents the reactive power injected into node i of the distribution network at any time t, the reactive power generated by the power source connected to node i, the reactive power generated by the reactive power compensation control equipment connected to node i, the reactive power of the load connected to node i, and the residual reactive power of the power source at node i, respectively. GFL,i (t),Q GFM,i (t) represents the reactive power generated by the grid-connected control equipment and the network-structured control equipment connected to node i of the distribution network at any time t, respectively. i (t) represents the apparent power capacity of distribution network node i at any time t. imin with U imax These represent the minimum lower limit and maximum upper limit of the voltage at node i in the distribution network, respectively.

[0094] Optionally, the objective function based on the reactive power voltage optimization model is further decomposed into a low-speed hourly objective function, a medium-speed quarter-hourly objective function, and a high-speed minute-level objective function, which are expressed as follows:

[0095]

[0096] Among them, S ij (t) represents the apparent power of the distribution network at any time t, specifically the apparent power between node i and node j at any time t, U i (t) represents the voltage at node i in the distribution network at any time t, K represents the total number of nodes in the distribution network, and R ij U represents the line resistance between node i and node j in the distribution network. i,h (t) represents the node i voltage of the distribution network at any time t under low-speed hourly conditions, U i,h，ref (t) represents the reference voltage value of node i set at any time t in the low-speed hourly distribution network. U represents the fixed reactive power injected into node i of the distribution network at any time t. i,q (t) represents the node i voltage at any time t in the medium-speed, quarter-hour-level distribution network, U i,q，ref (t) represents the reference voltage value of node i set at any time t in the medium-speed, quarter-hour level distribution network. U represents the dynamic reactive power injected into node i of the distribution network at any time t, C represents the set of all nodes in the distribution network equipped with reactive power compensation control devices, and U represents the dynamic reactive power injected into node i of the distribution network at any time t. i,m (t) represents the node i voltage at any time t in the high-speed minute-level distribution network, U i,m，ref (t) represents the reference voltage value of distribution node i set at any time t in the high-speed minute-level distribution network. The reactive voltage constraints of the low-speed hour-level objective function, the medium-speed quarter-hour-level objective function, and the high-speed minute-level objective function are expressed as follows:

[0097]

[0098] Among them, U i,h,min U represents the minimum node i voltage at any time t in the distribution network under low-speed hourly conditions. i,h,max U represents the maximum node i voltage at any time t in the distribution network under low-speed hourly conditions. i,q,min U represents the minimum node i voltage at any time t in the distribution network at the medium-speed quartile level. i,q,max U represents the maximum node i voltage at any time t in the distribution network at the medium-speed quartile level. i,m,minU represents the minimum node i voltage at any time t in the high-speed minute-level distribution network. i,m,max This represents the maximum node i voltage at any time t in the high-speed minute-level distribution network.

[0099] Optionally, the solution steps for the low-speed hourly objective function, the medium-speed quarter-hourly objective function, and the high-speed minute-level objective function may include: (1) Hourly optimization: Based on the real-time load capacity of the distribution network, optimize the transformer taps and fixed capacitor banks of the distribution network, and set U i,h The calculation results are transmitted to the intermediate speed layer. (2) Clock-level adjustment: Adjust the SVG / SVC output according to the real-time load data. Update U i,q =U i,h +ΔU i,q The setpoint is passed to the high-speed layer. (3) Minute-level fine-tuning: Utilizing the inverter's fast response, Q is adjusted. h,q,m make U i,m Close to U i,q (4) Solution termination criterion: The node voltage deviation at each pole scale meets the constraints.

[0100] Optionally, the coordination rules are as follows: (1) Bottom-up over-limit triggering: if the high-speed layer voltage U i,m Three consecutive violations (exceeding the limit U) i,min / U i,max The intermediate-speed layer was immediately readjusted. If the average daily operation of the medium-speed layer exceeds 10 times, the low-speed layer will be optimized in advance. (2) Reset from top to bottom: After each low-speed layer optimization, the voltage setting values ​​of the medium-speed layer and the high-speed layer will be reset to U. i,q .

[0101] Optionally, based on the real-time reactive power and voltage optimization model of the distribution network, for Figure 1 For the typical distribution network structure shown, the optimal reactive power compensation capacity configuration is calculated and tested under the listed load disturbance / sudden change scenario 2. The iterative calculation steps are as follows:

[0102] First, based on the real-time measurement and regulation requirements of the distribution network system or nodes, voltage regulation values ​​at different time scales, such as low-speed hourly, medium-speed quarter-hourly, and high-speed minutely, are determined, and the initial voltage U at each scale is calculated. i,h (0), U i,q (0) and U i,m (0).

[0103] Calculate the reactive power compensation capacity Q at each pole scale. h Q h,q With Q h,q,m And it serves as the initial value for the iterative calculation of the optimal reactive power compensation capacity.

[0104] Then, the objective function for optimizing the reactive voltage and reactive compensation capacity at each pole scale is solved to obtain the node reactive voltage and reactive compensation capacity for the next iteration, and then the next iteration begins.

[0105] The iterative calculation terminates when the node voltage deviation at each scale meets the constraints. At this point, the hierarchical and scaled reactive power coordinated control compensation capacity results under different control adjustment times are obtained, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0106] from Figure 4 It can be seen that each control layer has different adjustment time scales, adjustment speeds, and adjustment precisions, and outputs different scales of reactive power compensation capacity in different time periods. This achieves the optimization of each control layer into a dedicated reactive power compensation control curve, as well as the total reactive power compensation control curve of all control layers at each moment, thus meeting the reactive power compensation and voltage regulation requirements in different cycles and operating scenarios.

[0107] As described above, the control method acquires load disturbance information of the distribution network; based on the load disturbance information and its associated distribution network voltage regulation area, it determines the type of reactive power compensation control equipment corresponding to the load disturbance information in the distribution network voltage regulation area; based on the real-time reactive power voltage optimization model of the distribution network, it acquires the optimized reactive power compensation capacity result; based on the type of reactive power compensation control equipment and the reactive power compensation capacity result, it determines the optimal reactive power compensation control equipment and its reactive power compensation capacity; and based on the optimal reactive power compensation control equipment and its reactive power compensation capacity, it performs reactive power compensation on the distribution network.

[0108] By determining the type of reactive power compensation control equipment based on load disturbance information, and by determining the optimal reactive power compensation control equipment and its reactive power compensation capacity based on the type of reactive power compensation control equipment and the reactive power compensation capacity, optimal reactive power compensation under corresponding load disturbance information can be achieved, thereby improving the performance of voltage regulation.

[0109] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the present disclosure of a method for determining the type of reactive power compensation control equipment corresponding to the load disturbance information within the voltage regulation area of ​​the power distribution network, based on the load disturbance information and its associated voltage regulation area. For example... Figure 5 As shown, this disclosure provides a method for determining the type of reactive power compensation control equipment corresponding to the load disturbance information in the distribution network voltage regulation area based on the load disturbance information and its associated distribution network voltage regulation area, including:

[0110] S21, when the load disturbance information is a sudden drop in load at a node of the distribution network, the reactive power compensation control equipment types corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit zone and the upper limit zone are determined to be the network-following control type and the network-building control type, respectively.

[0111] S22, when the load disturbance information is a decrease in the overall network load, the reactive power compensation control device types corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit zone and the upper limit zone are determined to be the network-following control type and the network-building control type, respectively.

[0112] S23, when the load disturbance information is a sudden increase in the load of a certain node, the reactive power compensation control device types corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit area and the upper limit area are determined to be the network-type control type and the network-following control type, respectively.

[0113] S24, when the load disturbance information is an increase in the overall network load, the reactive power compensation control device types corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit zone and the upper limit zone are determined to be the network-type control type and the network-following control type, respectively.

[0114] Optionally, determining the type of reactive power compensation control equipment corresponding to the load disturbance information in the distribution network voltage regulation area based on the load disturbance information and its associated distribution network voltage regulation area further includes: when the load disturbance information is a random load change, determining the type of reactive power compensation control equipment corresponding to the load disturbance information in the distribution network voltage regulation area based on voltage regulation sensitivity requirements.

[0115] Alternatively, it can be represented by the following Table 6:

[0116]

[0117] Table 6

[0118] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the present disclosure of a method for determining the optimal reactive power compensation control device and its reactive power compensation capacity based on the type of reactive power compensation control device and the reactive power compensation capacity results. Figure 6 As shown, this disclosure provides a method for determining the optimal reactive power compensation control device and its reactive power compensation capacity based on the type of reactive power compensation control device and the reactive power compensation capacity result, including:

[0119] S31, when the load disturbance information is a sudden drop in load at a node of the distribution network, the optimal reactive power compensation control devices corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit zone, the nominal zone, and the upper limit zone are determined to be the grid-connected SVG, TSC (thyristor controlled capacitor), and the network-structured SVG, respectively.

[0120] S32, when the load disturbance information is a decrease in the overall network load, the optimal reactive power compensation control devices corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit zone, the nominal zone, and the upper limit zone are determined to be the network-following SVG, TSC, and network-structured SVG, respectively.

[0121] S33, when the load disturbance information is a sudden increase in the load of a certain node, the optimal reactive power compensation control devices corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit zone, the nominal zone, and the upper limit zone are determined to be the network-type SVG, TSC, and the network-following SVG, respectively.

[0122] S34, when the load disturbance information is an increase in the overall network load, the optimal reactive power compensation control devices corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit zone, the nominal zone, and the upper limit zone are determined to be the network-type SVG, TSC, and the network-following SVG, respectively.

[0123] Optionally, the TSC can be a root network type TSC or a network structure type TSC.

[0124] S35, based on the reactive power compensation capacity results, determine that the reactive power compensation capacity of the optimal reactive power compensation control device in the lower limit zone, the nominal zone, and the upper limit zone are respectively the reactive power compensation capacity results at the high-speed minute level, the low-speed hour level, the medium-speed quarter-hour level, and the high-speed minute level.

[0125] Preferably, the reactive power compensation capacity result can be the optimized reactive power compensation capacity result obtained by solving the real-time reactive voltage optimization model of the distribution network based on the optimal reactive power compensation control equipment.

[0126] Optionally, determining the type of reactive power compensation control equipment corresponding to the load disturbance information in the distribution network voltage regulation area based on the load disturbance information and its associated distribution network voltage regulation area further includes: when the load disturbance information is a random load change, determining the type of reactive power compensation control equipment corresponding to the load disturbance information in the distribution network voltage regulation area based on voltage regulation sensitivity requirements. The voltage regulation sensitivity requirements refer to voltage regulation efficiency requirements and voltage regulation accuracy requirements, which can be flexibly determined according to actual conditions. This embodiment does not explicitly limit this.

[0127] Optionally, the optimal reactive power compensation control device can be determined under different load disturbance information as shown in Table 7 below:

[0128]

[0129] Table 7

[0130] The protection scope of the control method described in this disclosure is not limited to the execution order of the steps listed in this embodiment. Any solution implemented by adding, subtracting, or replacing steps in the prior art based on the principles of this disclosure is included within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0131] Figure 7 This illustrates a hierarchical and segmented reactive power control system for a distribution network that takes into account voltage regulation sensitivity, as described in an embodiment of this disclosure. For example... Figure 7 As shown, this embodiment provides a hierarchical and segmented reactive power control system for distribution networks that takes into account voltage regulation sensitivity, including:

[0132] The information acquisition module is used to acquire load disturbance information of the distribution network.

[0133] The type determination module is used to determine the type of reactive power compensation control equipment corresponding to the load disturbance information in the voltage regulation area of ​​the power distribution network based on the load disturbance information and its associated voltage regulation area.

[0134] The result acquisition module is used to obtain the optimized reactive power compensation capacity result based on the real-time reactive power and voltage optimization model of the distribution network.

[0135] The equipment determination module is used to determine the optimal reactive power compensation control equipment and its reactive power compensation capacity based on the type of reactive power compensation control equipment and the reactive power compensation capacity result.

[0136] The reactive power compensation module is used to perform reactive power compensation on the power distribution network based on the optimal reactive power compensation control equipment and its reactive power compensation capacity.

[0137] In the several embodiments provided in this disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus or method can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules / units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple modules or units may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection of apparatuses or modules or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0138] The modules / units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as modules / units may or may not be physical modules; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules / units can be selected to achieve the objectives of the embodiments of this disclosure, depending on actual needs. For example, the functional modules / units in the various embodiments of this disclosure may be integrated into one processing module, or each module / unit may exist physically separately, or two or more modules / units may be integrated into one module / unit.

[0139] Those skilled in the art will further recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this disclosure.

[0140] This embodiment provides an electronic device, which includes a memory and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to execute... Figure 3 The control method shown.

[0141] This disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium. Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing a processor. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which is a non-transitory medium, such as random access memory, read-only memory, flash memory, hard disk, solid-state drive, magnetic tape, floppy disk, optical disk, and any combination thereof. The storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., digital video disc (DVD)), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., solid-state drive (SSD)).

[0142] This disclosure also provides a computer program product comprising one or more computer instructions. When the computer instructions are loaded and executed on a computing device, all or part of the processes or functions described in this disclosure are generated. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from one website, computer, or data center to another via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means.

[0143] When the computer program product is executed by a computer, the computer performs the method described in the foregoing method embodiments. The computer program product can be a software installation package; when the foregoing method is required, the computer program product can be downloaded and executed on the computer.

[0144] The descriptions of the processes or structures corresponding to the above figures each have their own emphasis. For parts of a process or structure that are not described in detail, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other processes or structures.

[0145] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of this disclosure and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in this disclosure should still be covered by the claims of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A method of hierarchical and multiscale follow / constitute network reactive power control of a voltage regulation sensitivity considered power distribution network, applied to a hierarchical and multiscale follow / constitute network reactive power control system of a voltage regulation sensitivity considered power distribution network, characterized in that, The control method comprises: acquiring load disturbance information of a power distribution network; determining, based on the load disturbance information and its associated power distribution network voltage regulation area, a corresponding reactive power compensation control device type of the load disturbance information under the power distribution network voltage regulation area; acquiring, based on a real-time reactive power voltage optimization model of the power distribution network, an optimized reactive power compensation capacity result thereof; determining, based on the reactive power compensation control device type and the reactive power compensation capacity result, an optimal reactive power compensation control device and its reactive power compensation capacity; performing reactive power compensation on the power distribution network based on the optimal reactive power compensation control device and its reactive power compensation capacity; The real-time reactive power voltage optimization model comprises a low-speed hourly target function, a medium-speed quarter-hourly target function and a high-speed minute-level target function, and the low-speed hourly target function, the medium-speed quarter-hourly target function and the high-speed minute-level target function are expressed as: wherein S ij (t) denotes the apparent power of the power distribution network at any time t, U i (t) denotes the voltage of node i of the power distribution network at any time t, K denotes the total number of nodes of the power distribution network, R ij denotes the line resistance between node i and node j of the power distribution network, U i,h (t) denotes the voltage of node i of the power distribution network at any time t in the low-speed hour level, U i,h，ref (t) denotes the reference voltage value of node i set by the power distribution network at any time t in the low-speed hour level, denotes the fixed reactive power injected by node i of the power distribution network at any time t, U i,q (t) denotes the voltage of node i of the power distribution network at any time t in the medium-speed quarter-hour level, U i,q，ref (t) denotes the reference voltage value of node i set by the power distribution network at any time t in the medium-speed quarter-hour level, denotes the dynamic reactive power injected by node i of the power distribution network at any time t, C denotes the set of all nodes in the power distribution network that are configured with reactive power compensation control devices, U i,m (t) denotes the voltage of node i of the power distribution network at any time t in the high-speed minute level, U i,m，ref (t) denotes the reference voltage value of node i of the power distribution network set at any time t in the high-speed minute level; The real-time reactive power voltage optimization model further comprises reactive power voltage constraints of the low-speed hourly target function, the medium-speed quarter-hourly target function and the high-speed minute-level target function, and the constraints are expressed as: wherein, U i,h,min represents the minimum node i voltage of the low-speed hourly level distribution network at any t moment, U i,h,max represents the maximum node i voltage of the low-speed hourly level distribution network at any t moment, U i,q,min represents the minimum node i voltage of the medium-speed quarter-hour level distribution network at any t moment, U i,q,max represents the maximum node i voltage of the medium-speed quarter-hour level distribution network at any t moment, U i,m,min represents the minimum node i voltage of the high-speed minute level distribution network at any t moment, U i,m,max represents the maximum node i voltage of the high-speed minute level distribution network at any t moment.

2. The control method according to claim 1, characterized by, The load disturbance information is a sudden load drop of a certain node of the power distribution network, a whole-network load reduction, a sudden load increase of a certain node, a whole-network load increase or a random load change, the power distribution network voltage regulation area is a lower limit area, a nominal area or an upper limit area, and the reactive power compensation control device type is a grid-following control type or a grid-forming control type.

3. The control method according to claim 2, characterized by, The implementation method for determining, based on the load disturbance information and its associated power distribution network voltage regulation area, a corresponding reactive power compensation control device type of the load disturbance information under the power distribution network voltage regulation area comprises: when the load disturbance information is a sudden load drop of a certain node of the power distribution network, determining that the corresponding reactive power compensation control device types of the load disturbance information under the lower limit area and the upper limit area are the grid-following control type and the grid-forming control type, respectively; when the load disturbance information is a whole-network load reduction, determining that the corresponding reactive power compensation control device types of the load disturbance information under the lower limit area and the upper limit area are the grid-following control type and the grid-forming control type, respectively; when the load disturbance information is a sudden load increase of a certain node, determining that the corresponding reactive power compensation control device types of the load disturbance information under the lower limit area and the upper limit area are the grid-forming control type and the grid-following control type, respectively; when the load disturbance information is a whole-network load increase, determining that the corresponding reactive power compensation control device types of the load disturbance information under the lower limit area and the upper limit area are the grid-forming control type and the grid-following control type, respectively.

4. The control method according to claim 3, characterized by, The implementation method for determining, based on the reactive power compensation control device type and the reactive power compensation capacity result, an optimal reactive power compensation control device and its reactive power compensation capacity comprises: when the load disturbance information is a sudden load drop of a certain node of the power distribution network, determining that the optimal reactive power compensation control devices corresponding to the load disturbance information under the lower limit area, the nominal area and the upper limit area are grid-following SVG, TSC and grid-forming SVG, respectively; when the load disturbance information is a decrease in the total network load, the optimal reactive power compensation control device corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit zone, the nominal zone, and the upper limit zone is determined to be a grid-following SVG, a TSC, and a grid-forming SVG, respectively; when the load disturbance information is a sudden increase in the load of a certain node, the optimal reactive power compensation control device corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit zone, the nominal zone, and the upper limit zone is determined to be a grid-forming SVG, a TSC, and a grid-following SVG, respectively; when the load disturbance information is an increase in the total network load, the optimal reactive power compensation control device corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit zone, the nominal zone, and the upper limit zone is determined to be a grid-forming SVG, a TSC, and a grid-following SVG, respectively; based on the reactive power compensation capacity result, the reactive power compensation capacity of the optimal reactive power compensation control device corresponding to the lower limit zone, the nominal zone, and the upper limit zone is determined to be the high-speed minute-level reactive power compensation capacity result, the low-speed hour-level and medium-speed quarter-hour-level reactive power compensation capacity result, and the high-speed minute-level reactive power compensation capacity result, respectively.

5. The control method according to claim 4, characterized by The low-speed hour-level reactive compensation control device emits / absorbs the reactive compensation capacity Q h is expressed as: where E is the export voltage of the reactive power compensation control device, U is the voltage of the distribution network node, X is the reactance of the electrical branch where the reactive power compensation control device is located, θ is the power factor angle of the electrical branch of the reactive power compensation control device, ΔU h represents the voltage regulation value of the distribution network system or node within the hour-level time scale, Q h represents the low-speed hour-level reactive power compensation capacity emitted / absorbed by the reactive power compensation control device.

6. The control method according to claim 5, characterized by The reactive power compensation capacity Q emitted / absorbed by the medium-speed quarter-hour level reactive power compensation control device h,q is represented as: where ΔU q represents the voltage regulation value of the distribution grid system or node within the scale level time scale, Q h,q represents the reactive power compensation capacity emitted / absorbed by the medium-speed clock level reactive power compensation control device.

7. The control method according to claim 6, characterized by The high-speed minute-level reactive power compensation control device emits / absorbs the reactive power compensation capacity Q h,q,m is expressed as: where ΔU m represents the voltage regulation value of the distribution network system or node in the minute time scale, Q h,q,m represents the reactive power compensation capacity emitted / absorbed by the high-speed minute-level reactive power compensation control device.

8. A hierarchical and scale-out reactive power control system for power distribution network considering voltage sensitivity, characterized in that, comprising: an information acquisition module configured to acquire load disturbance information of a power distribution network; a type determination module configured to determine, based on the load disturbance information and its associated power distribution network voltage regulation area, a type of reactive power compensation control device corresponding to the load disturbance information in the power distribution network voltage regulation area; a result acquisition module configured to acquire, based on a real-time reactive power voltage optimization model of the power distribution network, an optimized reactive power compensation capacity result thereof; a device determination module configured to determine, based on the type of reactive power compensation control device and the reactive power compensation capacity result, an optimal reactive power compensation control device and its reactive power compensation capacity; a reactive power compensation module configured to perform reactive power compensation on the power distribution network based on the optimal reactive power compensation control device and its reactive power compensation capacity; the real-time reactive power voltage optimization model comprises a low-speed hour-level objective function, a medium-speed quarter-hour-level objective function, and a high-speed minute-level objective function, and is expressed as: wherein, S ij (t) denotes the apparent power of the power distribution network at any time t, U i (t) denotes the voltage of node i of the power distribution network at any time t, K denotes the total number of nodes of the power distribution network, R ij denotes the line resistance between node i and node j of the power distribution network, U i,h (t) denotes the voltage of node i of the power distribution network at any time t in the low-speed hour level, U i,h，ref (t) denotes the reference voltage value of node i set by the power distribution network at any time t in the low-speed hour level, denotes the fixed reactive power injected by node i of the power distribution network at any time t, U i,q (t) denotes the voltage of node i of the power distribution network at any time t in the medium-speed quarter-hour level, U i,q，ref (t) denotes the reference voltage value of node i set by the power distribution network at any time t in the medium-speed quarter-hour level, denotes the dynamic reactive power injected by node i of the power distribution network at any time t, C denotes the set of all nodes in the power distribution network that are configured with reactive power compensation control devices, U i,m (t) denotes the voltage of node i of the power distribution network at any time t in the high-speed minute level, U i,m，ref (t) denotes the reference voltage value of node i of the power distribution network set at any time t in the high-speed minute level; the real-time reactive power voltage optimization model further comprises a reactive power voltage constraint of the low-speed hour-level objective function, the medium-speed quarter-hour-level objective function, and the high-speed minute-level objective function, and is expressed as: wherein, U i,h,min represents the minimum node i voltage of the low-speed hourly level distribution network at any t moment, U i,h,max represents the maximum node i voltage of the low-speed hourly level distribution network at any t moment, U i,q,min represents the minimum node i voltage of the medium-speed quarter-hour level distribution network at any t moment, U i,q,max represents the maximum node i voltage of the medium-speed quarter-hour level distribution network at any t moment, U i,m,min represents the minimum node i voltage of the high-speed minute level distribution network at any t moment, U i,m,max represents the maximum node i voltage of the high-speed minute level distribution network at any t moment.

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