Charging system

Abstract

The invention discloses a charging system which comprises an electric energy conversion device and a plurality of electric energy receiving devices in cascade connection, and the charging system is configured to charge battery packs electrically connected to the electric energy receiving devices. The electric energy conversion apparatus includes: a controller; the power interface is connected with an external power supply; the connection port is used for connecting electric energy receiving equipment; the conversion circuit is electrically connected with the power interface and the connection port respectively; the power receiving apparatus includes: a controller; the electric energy input port is used for connecting an electric energy conversion device or another electric energy receiving device; the electric energy output port is used for being connected with another electric energy receiving device; and the controller of the electric energy conversion equipment and the controller of the electric energy receiving equipment are communicated by adopting a controller local area network communication protocol. By adopting the scheme, the charging system which is higher in communication efficiency and simpler in wiring can be provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to a charging system. Background Art

[0002] A related art discloses a charging system comprising a plurality of battery packs and a charger for charging the plurality of battery packs. The charger comprises a plurality of battery interfaces, each of which is connected to a battery pack, thereby being able to charge and manage the plurality of battery packs.

[0003] This section provides background information related to the present application which is not necessarily prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One object of the present application is to solve or at least alleviate part or all of the above problems. To this end, one object of the present application is to provide a charging system with higher communication efficiency and simpler wiring.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present application adopts the following technical solutions: a charging system comprising an electric energy conversion device and a plurality of electric energy receiving devices connected in cascade, the charging system being configured to charge a battery pack electrically connected to the electric energy receiving device; the electric energy conversion device comprising: a controller; a power interface for connecting to an external power source; a connection port for connecting to the electric energy receiving device; and a conversion circuit electrically connected to the power interface and the connection port, respectively; the electric energy receiving device comprising: a controller; an electric energy input port for connecting to the electric energy conversion device or another electric energy receiving device; and an electric energy output port for connecting to another electric energy receiving device; the controller of the electric energy conversion device and the controller of the electric energy receiving device communicate with each other using a controller area network communication protocol.

[0006] In some embodiments, the power conversion device includes a wireless communication module configured to communicate with a remote device.

[0007] In some embodiments, the controller of the power conversion device is configured to record the identities of the plurality of power receiving devices.

[0008] In some embodiments, after the power conversion device completes recording the identities of multiple power receiving devices, it controls the power receiving devices to charge in the order of the identities.

[0009] In some embodiments, the remote device sends instructions to the power conversion device through the wireless communication module, and the wireless communication module transmits the instructions to the power receiving device through the controller area network communication protocol.

[0010] In some embodiments, after the power conversion device completes recording the identities of multiple power receiving devices, it controls the power receiving devices to charge based on instructions from the remote device.

[0011] In some embodiments, the power receiving device transmits information to the power conversion device through the controller area network communication protocol, and the power conversion device reports it to the wireless communication module, and the relevant information is displayed on the remote device.

[0012] In some embodiments, the charging system further includes a communication bus for realizing information exchange between the power conversion device and the power receiving device, and the power conversion device is configured to poll information of multiple power receiving devices through the communication bus.

[0013] In some embodiments, when the power conversion device detects that a new power receiving device is connected to the charging system during the polling process, the power conversion device is configured to wait for idle time to re-record the identities of the multiple power receiving devices connected in cascade.

[0014] In some embodiments, the remote device is configured to implement an OTA upgrade function for the power conversion device and the power receiving device through a wireless communication module and a controller area network communication protocol. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a charging system as a specific embodiment;

[0016] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A three-dimensional diagram of the adapter and energy storage device of the charging system;

[0017] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A perspective view of the adapter and energy storage device of the charging system from another perspective;

[0018] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A perspective view of an adapter for a charging system;

[0019] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A three-dimensional diagram of the adapter after installing the energy storage device;

[0020] Figure 6 is a perspective view of a charging system according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 7 yes Figure 1 Circuit diagram of the charging system in ;

[0022] Figure 8 It is another implementation of the adapter and energy storage device in the charging system;

[0023] Figure 9a yes Figure 8 A perspective view of the adapter in FIG.

[0024] Figure 9b yes Figure 8 A perspective view of the adapter from another perspective;

[0025] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of another charging system as a specific embodiment;

[0026] Figure 11 is a perspective view of another charging system as a specific embodiment;

[0027] Figure 12 yes Figure 11 Circuit diagram of the charging system in ;

[0028] Figure 13 yes Figure 12 A circuit topology diagram of a DC-DC conversion circuit of a charging system;

[0029] Figure 14a yes Figure 13 Circuit diagram of the DC-DC converter circuit in mode A;

[0030] Figure 14b yes Figure 13 Circuit diagram of the DC-DC converter circuit in mode B;

[0031] Figure 14c yes Figure 13 Circuit diagram of the DC-DC converter circuit in mode C;

[0032] Figure 14d yes Figure 13 Circuit diagram of the DC-DC converter circuit in mode D;

[0033] Figure 15 yes Figure 13 The control timing diagram of the DC-DC converter circuit and the waveforms of the inductor current and output current;

[0034] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of a bidirectional charging system as a specific embodiment;

[0035] Figure 17 yes Figure 16 A perspective view of an electric energy conversion device as a specific embodiment;

[0036] Figure 18 yes Figure 17 A charging and discharging principle diagram of an outdoor walking device as a specific embodiment of the electric energy conversion device;

[0037] Figure 19a This is a schematic diagram of the electrical connections when the bidirectional inverter module is installed inside an outdoor walking device;

[0038] Figure 19b This is a schematic diagram of the electrical connection of a bidirectional inverter module installed on the outside of outdoor walking equipment;

[0039] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of a power supply system when the power conversion device is an AC-DC charger;

[0040] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of a power supply system when the power conversion device is a DC-DC charger;

[0041] Figure 22 It is a control schematic diagram of the power supply system supplying power to the household grid;

[0042] Figure 23 It is a schematic diagram of the communication connection between the remote device and the power supply system and the home power grid;

[0043] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of a charging system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of identification of an electric energy receiving device in a charging system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 26 is a perspective diagram of AC-DC charging in one embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 27 is an electrical schematic diagram of an electric energy conversion device in one embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 28 is an electrical schematic diagram of a power receiving device in one embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 29 is a communication principle diagram of a charging system in one embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 30 This is a schematic diagram of the adapter being installed on an electric travel device;

[0050] Figure 31 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the charging device;

[0051] Figure 32 yes Figure 25 A three-dimensional diagram of the fixing device and locking device of the charging device;

[0052] Figure 33 yes Figure 26 A perspective view of the fixing device in FIG.

[0053] Figure 34 yes Figure 25 A perspective view of the charging device from another perspective;

[0054] Figure 35 It is a diagram of the connection relationship between multiple charging devices and cables;

[0055] Figure 36 is a perspective view of a charging device as yet another embodiment;

[0056] Figure 37 yes Figure 36 Schematic diagram of the installation relationship between the charging equipment and the energy storage device;

[0057] Figure 38 yes Figure 36 A schematic diagram of the location of the circuit board of the charging device;

[0058] Figure 39 yes Figure 36 A perspective view of the charging device from another perspective;

[0059] Figure 40 is a schematic diagram of multiple charging devices stacked in a first manner;

[0060] Figure 41 is a schematic diagram of multiple charging devices stacked in a second manner;

[0061] Figure 42 is a schematic diagram of a charging device having a pull rod and wheels;

[0062] Figure 43 is a schematic diagram of multiple stacked charging devices with pull rods and wheels;

[0063] Figure 44 It is a schematic diagram of multiple charging devices placed in a movable cabinet;

[0064] Figure 45 is a schematic diagram of multiple charging devices stacked in a third manner;

[0065] Figure 46 is a perspective view of a charging device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0066] Figure 47 yes Figure 47 A perspective view of the charging device from another perspective;

[0067] Figure 48 yes Figure 47 A perspective view of the charging device from another perspective;

[0068] Figure 49 is a perspective view of a first charging device and a second charging device stacked together;

[0069] Figure 50This is a three-dimensional image from another perspective after the first charging device and the second charging device are stacked. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0070] Before any embodiments of the present application are explained in detail, it is to be understood that the application is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the foregoing drawings.

[0071] In this application, the terms "comprises," "includes," "has," or any other variations thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not preclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0072] In this application, the term "and / or" describes a relationship between related objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this application generally indicates that the related objects are in an "and / or" relationship.

[0073] In this application, the terms "connect," "combine," "couple," and "install" may refer to direct connection, combination, coupling, or installation, or indirect connection, combination, coupling, or installation. For example, a direct connection refers to two parts or components being connected together without an intermediary, and an indirect connection refers to two parts or components being connected to at least one intermediary, with the two parts or components being connected via the intermediary. Furthermore, "connect" and "couple" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections or couplings and may include electrical connections or couplings.

[0074] In this application, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that relative terms (e.g., "about," "approximately," "substantially," etc.) used in conjunction with quantities or conditions include the values and have the meaning indicated by the context. For example, the relative terms include at least the degree of error associated with the measurement of a specific value, the tolerance caused by manufacturing, assembly, use, etc. associated with a specific value. Such terms should also be considered to disclose a range defined by the absolute values of the two endpoints. Relative terms may refer to plus or minus a certain percentage (e.g., 1%, 5%, 10% or more) of the indicated value. Numerical values that do not use relative terms should also be disclosed as specific values with tolerances. In addition, "substantially" may refer to plus or minus a certain degree (e.g., 1 degree, 5 degrees, 10 degrees or more) on the basis of the indicated angle when expressing a relative angular position relationship (e.g., substantially parallel, substantially perpendicular).

[0075] In this application, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the function performed by an assembly can be performed by one assembly, multiple assemblies, one part, or multiple parts. Similarly, the function performed by a part can also be performed by one part, one assembly, or a combination of multiple parts.

[0076] In the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back" and other directional words are described based on the orientation and positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and should not be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present application. In addition, in the context, it is also necessary to understand that when it is mentioned that an element is connected to another element "upper" or "lower", it can not only be directly connected to the other element "upper" or "lower", but also be indirectly connected to the other element "upper" or "lower" through an intermediate element. It should also be understood that directional words such as upper side, lower side, left side, right side, front side, back side, etc. not only represent the positive orientation, but can also be understood as the lateral orientation. For example, below can include directly below, lower left, lower right, lower front and lower back, etc.

[0077] In this application, the terms "controller," "processor," "central processing unit," "CPU," and "MCU" are used interchangeably. Where a unit "controller," "processor," "central processing unit," "CPU," or "MCU" is used to perform a particular function, unless otherwise specified, the function may be performed by a single unit or multiple units.

[0078] In this application, the terms "device", "module" or "unit" can be implemented in the form of hardware or software to achieve specific functions.

[0079] In this application, the terms "calculate", "judge", "control", "determine", "identify", etc. refer to the operations and processes of a computer system or similar electronic computing device (e.g., controller, processor, etc.).

[0080] The present application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0081] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the charging system 100 includes at least an adapter 10, an energy storage device 20, and a charger 30. The energy storage device 20 is detachably connected to the power tool or the adapter 10 to provide stored electrical energy to the power tool, or to receive and store electrical energy output from the charger 30. In some embodiments, the charging system 100 is used to provide energy to the power tool.

[0082] Specifically, the charger 30 includes a shell 34, an AC input power cord 31, an AC-DC conversion module (not shown in the figure) arranged in the shell 34, and an output port 33. Among them, the AC input power cord 31 is used to convert the connected mains power or other forms of AC power. The AC-DC conversion module is used to convert the connected mains power or other forms of AC power into DC power. In some embodiments, the AC-DC conversion module includes an AC-DC conversion circuit, such as an inverter circuit. Among them, the AC-DC conversion circuit can use a bridge rectifier circuit. The output port 33 is electrically connected to the adapter 10 to provide a charging voltage for the energy storage device 20 installed on the adapter 10. In this embodiment, the output power of the charger 30 is greater than or equal to 500W and less than or equal to 2000W.

[0083] In some embodiments, charger 30 can also be used to charge power tools, such as ride-on vehicles. Specifically, ride-on power tools include, but are not limited to, ride-on lawn mowers, ride-on snow blowers, all-terrain vehicles, and electric motorcycles. In some embodiments, because the charger 30 cable connector does not match the vehicle's charging port, charger 30 charges the ride-on vehicle via an adapter connector.

[0084] The adapter 10 includes a housing 11, at least one coupling portion 12, and a handle 1111 for the user to hold. The coupling portion 12 is provided on the housing 11 for mounting a plurality of energy storage devices 20. The adapter 10 is capable of charging the energy storage device 20 mounted on the coupling portion 12. Specifically, the energy storage device 20 includes a battery pack. In some embodiments, the plurality of energy storage devices 20 may be battery packs of the same type, or may include two or more battery packs of different types. For example, they may have different capacities, different rated (nominal) voltages, etc. The output power of the adapter 10 is greater than or equal to 500W and less than or equal to 2000W.

[0085] Definition as Figure 3 and Figure 5The up, down, left, right, front and back directions are shown. The left and right directions are defined as the extension direction of the housing 11 of the adapter 10. The projection of the adapter 10 on a plane perpendicular to the left and right directions is roughly L-shaped. The energy storage device 20 can be detachably coupled to the coupling portion 12 of the adapter 10 in the up and down directions or the front and back directions. When the charging of one of the energy storage devices 20 is completed, the user can remove the fully charged energy storage device 20 and use it immediately without waiting for the charging of the other energy storage devices 20 to be completed.

[0086] The handle 1111 is provided on the upper portion of the housing 11 of the adapter 10 and extends in the left-right direction. In some embodiments, the length L1 of the handle 1111 in the left-right direction is greater than or equal to 70 mm. In some embodiments, the length L1 of the handle 1111 in the left-right direction is greater than or equal to 80 mm. In some embodiments, see Figure 4 As shown, when the user holds the handle 1111 to lift the adapter 10, the projection of the center of gravity G1 of the adapter 10 on the horizontal plane falls within the projection of the adapter 10 on the horizontal plane. The above-mentioned horizontal plane can be understood as the ground or the ground plane. Specifically, the center of gravity G1 of the adapter 10 is located below the handle 1111 in the vertical direction. Figure 5 As shown, when the energy storage device 20 is installed on at least one coupling portion 12 of the adapter 10 , the center of gravity G2 of the adapter is located in front of the handle 1111 in the front-to-back direction.

[0087] In this way, regardless of whether the energy storage device 20 is installed on the adapter 10, when the user lifts the handle 1111 on the adapter 10, the center of gravity of the adapter or the adapter and the energy storage device as a whole can be close to the handle 1111, so that the user can save more effort and have a better experience when lifting the adapter or the energy storage device.

[0088] The adapter 10 also includes a first port and a second port. The first port is used to electrically connect and communicate with a first charging device, and the second port is used to electrically connect and communicate with a second charging device. In some embodiments, the first charging device is a charger, and the second charging device is an adapter. In some embodiments, the first charging device is a first adapter, and the second charging device is a second adapter different from the first adapter. It will be understood that a user can use one or more adapters 10 to install and charge multiple energy storage devices 20 at the same time. After charging, the user can optionally remove one or more energy storage devices 20 from the adapter 10. Therefore, two or more energy storage devices can be charged easily and conveniently.

[0089] In some embodiments, a charging system includes multiple devices connected in a cascade. The multiple devices in the cascade include at least one first charging device and at least one second charging device. The first charging device includes: a housing; multiple receiving compartments disposed in the housing for mounting an energy storage device. The first charging device is capable of charging the energy storage device mounted in the receiving compartments. The first charging device also includes a connection port for connecting to either the second charging device or the first charging device. The second charging device includes: a housing; multiple receiving compartments disposed in the housing for mounting an energy storage device. The second charging device is capable of charging the energy storage device mounted in the receiving compartments. The second charging device also includes a connection port for connecting to either the first charging device or the second charging device. In some embodiments, the multiple receiving compartments of the second charging device include at least one first receiving compartment and at least one second receiving compartment. Specifically, the first and second receiving compartments have different shapes or sizes. The connection port can be either the first or the second port. In some embodiments, the receiving compartment of the first charging device has the same size as the first or second receiving compartment of the second charging device. The term "cascade" can be understood as multiple charging devices connected end-to-end.

[0090] In some embodiments, the charging system includes a plurality of cascaded devices, and the plurality of cascaded devices include at least one first charging device and at least one second charging device. The first charging device includes a housing; at least one first accommodating portion, provided in the housing, for installing a first energy storage device. The first charging device is capable of charging the first energy storage device installed in the first accommodating portion. The connection port is used to connect the second charging device or the first charging device. The second charging device includes: a housing; at least one second accommodating portion, provided in the housing, for installing a second energy storage device. The second charging device is capable of charging the second energy storage device installed in the second accommodating portion. The connection port is used to connect the first charging device or the second charging device. The first accommodating portion and the second accommodating portion are different in shape or size. The above-mentioned cascade can be understood as multiple charging devices being structurally connected end to end.

[0091] In some embodiments, the first accommodating portion is configured to install a first energy storage device, and the second accommodating portion is configured to install a second energy storage device. The capacity of the first energy storage device is greater than the capacity of the second energy storage device. The first energy storage device includes multiple first energy storage units, and the second energy storage device includes multiple second energy storage units. In some embodiments, the chemical properties of the first energy storage unit and the second energy storage unit are different. In some embodiments, the first energy storage unit is a lithium iron phosphate battery cell. The second energy storage unit is a ternary lithium battery cell. In some embodiments, the first charging device and the second charging device are the same. In some embodiments, the first charging device and the second charging device are different. Optionally, the first charging device or the second charging device can be a power adapter or a DC-DC charger. Optionally, the second charging device can also be a riding lawn mower with charging function.

[0092] In some embodiments, the first port and the second port are interchangeable. It can be understood that the first port can be used to connect to both the first charging device and the second charging device. Similarly, the second port can be used to connect to both the first charging device and the second device.

[0093] Figure 6 A charging system 100 is shown as a specific embodiment. The adapter 10 includes at least one first adapter 10a and at least one second adapter 10b (for example, in this embodiment, there are two second adapters 10b). The first adapter 10a and one or more second adapters 10b are connected in series. The charging system 100 can charge a larger number of energy storage devices 20 by connecting a larger number of first adapters 10a and second adapters 10b in series. In some embodiments, the second adapter 10b is the same as the first adapter 10a. In some embodiments, the second adapter 10b is different from the first adapter.

[0094] Specifically, the first adapter 10a has a first port 111 and a second port 112. The second adapter 10b has a first port 111 and a second port 112. The first port 111 of the first adapter 10a is used to connect to the output port 33 of the charger 30. In some embodiments, the output port 33 of the charger 30 is movable. The second port 112 of the first adapter 10a is used to connect to the first port 111 of the second adapter 10b. The second port 112 of the second adapter 10b is used to connect to the first port of the subsequent adapter connected in series. According to the above connection method, the charger 30 is electrically connected to the first adapter 10a and the second adapter 10b in sequence, thereby charging the energy storage device 20 installed on the first adapter 10a or the second adapter 10b.

[0095] In this embodiment, the first port 111 of the first adapter 10a is a power input port, and the second port 112 of the first adapter 10a is a power output port. The first port 111 of the second adapter 10b is a power input port, and the second port 112 of the second adapter 10b is a power input port. The first adapter 10a and the second adapter 10b are electrically connected via the power output port and the power input port. The current output by the charger 30 flows through the first and second adapters 10a, 10b, enabling the first and second adapters 10a, 10b to perform charging functions. In some embodiments, the charger 30 can also be used to charge power tools. In some embodiments, the power tools include ride-on vehicles. Specifically, ride-on vehicles include ride-on lawn mowers, stand-on lawn mowers, all-terrain vehicles, and electric motorcycles. Of course, the power tool can also be a snowplow or a benchtop tool. When the second port 112 (power output port) of the first adapter 10a is electrically connected to the first port (power input port) of the second adapter 10b, the relative position of the first and second adapters 10a, 10b is adjustable. Specifically, the first port 111 and the second port 112 of the first adapter 10a are disposed outside the housing 11 of the first adapter 10a. The first port 111 and the second port 112 of the second adapter 10b are disposed outside the housing 11 of the second adapter 10b. In some embodiments, the second port 112 of the first adapter 10a is extended to the outside of the housing 11 of the first adapter 10a via a wire, and the second port 112 of the first adapter 10a is movable relative to the housing 11 of the first adapter 10a. The first port 111 and the second port 112 of the second adapter 10b are also extended to the outside of the housing 11 of the second adapter 10b via a wire, and the first port 111 and the second port 112 of the second adapter 10b are movable relative to the housing 11 of the second adapter 10b. The wires described above can be understood as cables. The above describes the electrical connection between the first adapter 10a and the second adapter 10b. It should be noted that a similar connection method can be used to achieve power transmission between multiple second adapters 10b or between multiple second adapters 10a.

[0096] Thus, using a cable to achieve electrical and signal connections between the first and second adapters 10a, 10b can improve installation flexibility. Furthermore, this can facilitate heat dissipation during charging, thereby improving the lifespan and charging performance of the adapters and energy storage device.

[0097] In some embodiments, the adapter 10 further includes a fixing assembly. The fixing assembly is used to securely mount the adapter 10 to another object. In some embodiments, the adapter 10 can be secured to a wall via the fixing assembly. Specifically, the fixing assembly in this embodiment can be a fixing structure that can be removed without tools, such as a snap-fit structure. Of course, fixing structures that require tools to remove, such as screws and bolts, can also be used. In this way, by providing a fixing assembly to secure the adapter 10 to a wall or work surface, the user can easily store and manage the adapter when it is in use or idle, thereby saving space.

[0098] In some embodiments, the adapter 10 further includes a support assembly for enabling stacking of multiple adapters. Specifically, the support assembly is used to stack a first adapter 10a and a second adapter 10b, or multiple second adapters 10b. This allows stacking multiple adapters by providing a support assembly, saving space and facilitating storage management when multiple adapters are used to charge an energy storage device, or when the adapters are idle.

[0099] Next, representative circuits of various functions of the charging system 100 will be described below.

[0100] like Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, the energy storage device 20 is configured as a battery pack. The battery pack has multiple battery cells 21, at least one battery controller 22, at least one temperature sensor, and at least one battery storage device 24. The battery cells 21 in this embodiment are lithium-ion batteries. The multiple battery cells 21 are connected to the positive battery terminal 20a and the negative battery terminal 20b. The battery controller 22 is connected to the battery cells 21 and can detect electrical parameters of the multiple battery cells 21. For example, the voltage and current of the multiple battery cells. In addition, the battery controller 22 can estimate the charge level and internal resistance of the multiple battery cells 21 based on the detected voltage of the multiple battery cells 21. The temperature sensor is arranged near the multiple battery cells 21 and detects the temperature of the multiple battery cells 21. The temperature sensor is connected to the battery controller 22, and the battery controller 22 obtains the temperature of the multiple battery cells 21 through the temperature sensor. The battery controller 22 is connected to the battery communication terminal 20c.

[0101] The battery memory 24 is used to store battery information for the energy storage device. This battery information includes, but is not limited to, at least one or any combination of two or more of the following: the individual identification code of the energy storage device 20; the model code of the energy storage device 20; the rated voltage of the energy storage device 20; the rated current of the energy storage device 20; the maximum allowable temperature of the energy storage device 20; the maximum current experienced by the energy storage device 20; the maximum temperature experienced by the energy storage device 20; the start date of use of the energy storage device 20; the total charge count of the energy storage device 20; the total discharge count of the energy storage device 20; the total discharge time of the energy storage device 20; and the administrator of the energy storage device 20. The memory 24 is connected to the battery controller 22. The battery controller 22 can read, update, overwrite, and delete the battery information stored in the memory 24.

[0102] The first adapter 10a and the second adapter 10b each include a charging circuit 14 and at least one control circuit 13. The charger 30 is connected to an external AC power source via an AC input power cord 31. The AC-DC conversion module in the charger 30 converts or transforms the AC power from the external AC power source into DC power. The DC power output by the charger 30 is provided to each charging circuit 14 of the first adapter 10a and the second adapter 10b. Each charging circuit 14 is connected to a corresponding battery port 15 and controls the charging current supplied from that battery port 15 to the corresponding energy storage device 20. Specifically, a switch 141 is provided between the first port 111 of the first adapter 10a and each charging circuit 14. Each switch 141 is controlled by a corresponding control circuit 13. When an energy storage device 20 is connected to its corresponding battery port 15, the control circuit 13 controls the corresponding switch 141 to close, thereby charging the energy storage device 20. When the energy storage device 20 is disconnected from the battery port 15, or when charging of the energy storage device 20 is complete, the control circuit 13 opens the switch 141. It should be noted that the first port and the second port are configured to transmit electrical signals or communication signals.

[0103] When the energy storage device 20 is electrically connected to the battery interface 15, the control circuit 13 in the adapter is connected to the corresponding battery controller 22 to enable communication between them. The control circuit 13 obtains the battery information stored in the corresponding battery memory 24 from each battery controller 22. In addition, the control circuit 13 can obtain the status indication of the corresponding energy storage device 20 from each battery controller 22. For example, the status indication of each energy storage device 20 includes at least one or any combination of two or more of the following items: the charge level of the energy storage device 20; the output voltage of the energy storage device 20; the internal resistance of the energy storage device 20; the temperature of the energy storage device 20 and the charging time of the energy storage device 20. The control circuit 13 stores the obtained battery information and the status indication of each energy storage device 20 in the memory. The battery information and status indication of each energy storage device 20 are stored in the corresponding memory together with the interface identification information of the battery interface 15 to which the energy storage device 20 is connected.

[0104] In some embodiments, the first adapter 10a further includes a communication circuit (not shown). Specifically, the communication circuit is connected to the control circuit 13. The communication circuit can be connected to the remote device in a wireless or wired manner to enable communication between them. The control circuit 13 can send and receive information or signals to the remote device via the communication circuit. The remote device mentioned herein can be any of the remote devices mentioned above, such as, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a smart phone, a tablet computer, or some other (e.g., portable) computer device.

[0105] Next, the charging control method of the charging system 100 will be described below.

[0106] In this embodiment, the control circuit 13 controls whether to charge the energy storage device 20 mounted on the adapter 10 via the charging circuit 14 based on information received by at least one of the first port and the second port of the adapter. Specifically, the control circuit is configured to at least control the on-off charging current between the first port and the second port.

[0107] In some embodiments, the control circuit 13 controls the charging circuit 14 to simultaneously charge multiple energy storage devices housed in multiple couplings. Specifically, when multiple energy storage devices are installed on the adapter and need to be charged, the control circuit 14 controls the corresponding switches 141 to close, so that the DC current output by the charger passes through the charging current, thereby charging the energy storage devices. It will be understood that when the charger is connected to multiple first adapters and second adapters at the same time, the above control method can also be used to charge multiple energy storage devices installed on the adapters.

[0108] In some embodiments, the control circuit 13 controls the charging circuit 14 to give priority to charging the energy storage device with the most remaining power among the multiple energy storage devices housed in the multiple joints. Specifically, when multiple energy storage devices are installed on the adapter, the battery communication terminal 20c of the energy storage device is connected to the communication terminal in the battery interface 15 of the adapter, and the control circuit 13 is connected to the battery controller 22 to obtain the remaining power in the current multiple energy storage devices, and controls the switch 141 corresponding to the energy storage device with the most remaining power to be closed so as to give priority to charging the corresponding energy storage device. When the above energy storage devices are fully charged, the control circuit 13 once again charges the energy storage device with the most remaining power. This cycle is repeated until all energy storage devices installed on the adapter are fully charged. The advantage of this is that when the user urgently needs a fully charged energy storage device, the adapter can maximize the power allocation to charge the energy storage device with the most remaining power to meet the user's needs as quickly as possible. It can be understood that when the charger is connected to a first adapter and multiple second adapters at the same time, the above control method can also be used to charge multiple energy storage devices installed on the adapter.

[0109] In some embodiments, the charging system further includes an operating member, and the control circuit 13 controls the charging circuit 14 to charge multiple energy storage devices housed in multiple couplings according to the order set by the operating member. Specifically, the operating member can be set as a switch installed on the housing of the adapter. The operating member can also be set as a wireless device. When the user needs to charge multiple energy storage devices, the operating member is controlled to charge the designated energy storage device. The advantage of this is that the adapter has strong operability and high charging flexibility, and the user can set the energy storage device that needs to be charged first according to his own needs. It can be understood that when the charger is connected to a first adapter and multiple second adapters at the same time, the above-mentioned control method can also be used to charge multiple energy storage devices installed on the adapter.

[0110] Specifically, the adapter can be configured to receive an operation instruction signal from the operating member. The operation instruction signal can be a charging start signal or a charging stop signal, used to instruct the adapter to perform various operations. In this case, the operation instruction signal is preferably received together with the interface identification information of the battery interface 15 that is the target of the operation instruction signal. According to this configuration, the user can specify (select) a specific battery interface 15 and start or stop charging of the battery interface 15.

[0111] In some embodiments, when the charger is simultaneously connected to at least one first adapter and at least one second adapter, charging can be performed in a preset order. Specifically, the energy storage device on the first adapter is charged first. Specifically, the energy storage device on the second adapter is charged first. The preset order can be set by the user. Of course, the preset order can also be a factory-set priority for the adapters.

[0112] In some embodiments, the current output by the charger flows through the first adapter and the second adapter so that the first adapter and the second adapter perform charging functions. When the first adapter is partially damaged, the control circuit controls the current output by the charger to flow through the second adapter so that the second adapter performs charging functions.

[0113] The charging system 100 discussed above includes at least one first adapter 10a and at least one second adapter 10b, and is configured to electrically connect the first adapter 10a and the second adapter 10b. However, the applicable adapters of the charging system 100 in the present application are not limited to this configuration. For example, Figure 8 Another configuration of the adapter in this application is shown. The adapter in this embodiment can be used as both a charger and an adapter.

[0114] Now refer to Figures 8 to 13 Let's introduce another configuration of the adapter.

[0115] The charging system 100 also includes an adapter 10c, which includes a housing 11, multiple couplings 12, and a handle 1111 for the user to hold. The multiple couplings 12 are provided on the housing 11 for mounting multiple energy storage devices. The couplings 12 include at least one first coupling 121 and at least one second coupling 122. The handle 1111 is integrally formed with the housing 11. Of course, the handle 1111 is also configured to be fixedly mounted to the housing 11 by assembly. In this embodiment, the output power of the adapter 10c is greater than or equal to 500W and less than or equal to 2000W.

[0116] In some embodiments, the adapter 10c includes at least two second coupling portions 122. The plurality of second coupling portions 122 are arranged in a straight line parallel to the extension direction of the handle 1111. The first coupling portion 121 and the second coupling portion 122 have the same interface. In some embodiments, the first coupling portion 121 and the second coupling portion 122 are different. Specifically, the first coupling portion 121 and the second coupling portion 122 have different interfaces.

[0117] In some embodiments, the energy storage devices mounted on the adapter 10c may have different characteristics. Specifically, the energy storage device includes at least one first energy storage device 20a and at least one second energy storage device 20b. The capacity of the first energy storage device 20a is greater than or equal to twice the capacity of the second energy storage device 20b. The first energy storage device includes at least one first battery cell, and the second energy storage device includes at least one second battery cell. The capacity of the first battery cell is at least four times the capacity of the second battery cell. The first energy storage device 20a is mounted to the first joint 121, and the second energy storage device 20b is mounted to the second joint 122. In this embodiment, the first energy storage device 20a has a first characteristic, and the second energy storage device 20b has a second characteristic that is different from the first characteristic. The first characteristic and the second characteristic are at least one of physical size, shape, chemical properties, and operational characteristics. The first energy storage device 20a includes a lithium iron phosphate battery cell, and the second energy storage device 20b includes a ternary lithium battery cell. The types of the first energy storage device include but are not limited to LFP, sodium ion, solid / semi-solid, 21700 battery, 40135 battery, 4680 battery, 46950 battery, 46120 battery, 35184.

[0118] In some embodiments, the height of the first energy storage device 20a is greater than the height of the second energy storage device 20b. The height of the first energy storage device 20a when installed on the adapter 10c is greater than the height of the second energy storage device 20b when installed on the adapter 10c.

[0119] In this embodiment, the first coupling portion 121 or the second coupling portion 122 for mounting the first energy storage device 20a or the second energy storage device 20b is arranged on the front and rear sides of the adapter 10c. It can be understood that the first coupling portion 121 and the second coupling portion 122 are arranged back to back. The advantage of this design is that when the weight and volume of the first energy storage device 20a and the second energy storage device 20b mounted on the adapter 10c are different, the adapter with the energy storage device installed can be placed more stably. On the other hand, with this design, the center of gravity of the whole can be closer to the vicinity of the handle, and the user can save more effort when lifting the handle 1111.

[0120] In this embodiment, the definition is as follows Figure 8 The left and right directions are as shown. The left and right directions are defined as the extension direction of the housing 11 of the adapter 10c. The projection of the adapter 10c on a plane perpendicular to the left and right directions is roughly T-shaped. Figures 8 to 9b As shown, the first energy storage device 20a and the second energy storage device 20b can be detachably coupled to the first coupling portion 121 or the second coupling portion 122 of the adapter 10c in the up-down direction or the front-back direction. The handle 1111 is provided on the upper portion of the housing 11 of the adapter 10c and extends in the left-right direction. In some embodiments, see Figure 9a As shown, the ratio of the length L2 of the handle 1111 in the left-right direction to the length L3 of the adapter 10c in the left-right direction is greater than or equal to 0.7 and less than or equal to 1.

[0121] In some embodiments, the projection of the handle 1111 on the bottom surface of the adapter 10c is located between the projection of the first coupling portion 121 on the bottom surface of the adapter 10c and the projection of the second coupling portion 122 on the bottom surface of the adapter 10c. Specifically, the projection area of the second coupling portion 122 on the bottom surface of the adapter 10c is larger than the projection area of the first coupling portion 121 on the bottom surface of the adapter 10c.

[0122] In this embodiment, the adapter 10c has a first port 111 and a second port 112. The first port 111 serves as an energy input port, and the second port 112 serves as an energy output port, for connecting to a second charging device. Specifically, when the first port 111 is not connected to an external power source, the first energy storage device 20a charges the second energy storage device 20b. When the first port 111 is connected to an external power source, the charging circuit uses the external power source to charge either the first energy storage device 20a or the second energy storage device 20b. When the first port 111 is connected to an external power source, the charging circuit uses the external power source to charge both the first energy storage device 20a and the second energy storage device 20b simultaneously. In some embodiments, the charging circuit is further configured to use the first energy storage device to charge the second energy storage device with the highest remaining charge of the two second energy storage devices. It should be noted that the external power source can be a charger or other form of external direct current (DC) power. In some embodiments, the external power source is an AC power source. The charger also includes an inverter circuit for converting the AC power source into a DC power source. In some embodiments, the external power source is a DC power source output by a high-power charger. The high-power charger mentioned above can be understood as the charger 30 in the charging system 100. In some embodiments, the adapter 10c includes a fixing component and a supporting component. The structure and function of the fixing component and the supporting component have been described above and will not be repeated here.

[0123] Next, the working principle when the adapter 10 c is electrically connected to the charger 30 is described.

[0124] In some embodiments, see Figure 10As shown, charging system 100 includes a charger 30, a first adapter 10a, a second adapter 10b, and an adapter 10c. Specifically, first port 111 of adapter 10c is connected to second port 112 of second adapter 10b, thereby receiving DC power output from charger 30 to simultaneously charge first energy storage device 20a and second energy storage device 20b. It should be noted that adapter 10c can also be connected after first adapter 10a and between second adapter 10b. It should be understood that the order in which first adapter 10a, second adapter 10b, and adapter 10c are connected is not fixed.

[0125] In some embodiments, see Figure 11 As shown, the charging system 100 includes a charger 30 and an adapter 10c. The first port 111 of the adapter 10c is electrically connected to the output port 33 of the charger 30, and is used to receive direct current output from the charger 30 to charge the energy storage device 20a or 20b installed on the adapter 10c.

[0126] In the above embodiment, the adapter 10c is electrically connected to the charger 30 to provide a charging voltage to the energy storage device mounted thereon. In this embodiment, the first adapter 10a, the second adapter 10b, and the energy storage device on the adapter 10c are charged in a predetermined order.

[0127] In some embodiments, the adapter 10c is used as a charger. The difference from the two embodiments described above is that the adapter 10c does not need to be electrically connected to the charger 30 to charge the second energy storage device 20b. It can be understood that the first energy storage device 20a installed on the adapter 10c charges the second energy storage device 20b installed on the adapter 10c. The control circuit is configured to control the first energy storage device 20a to charge the second energy storage device 20b when the operating parameter of the first energy storage device 20a is greater than or equal to a preset value. The operating parameters include but are not limited to the charge state and health state of the first energy storage device 20a.

[0128] In some embodiments, the first energy storage device 20a simultaneously charges multiple second energy storage devices 20b mounted on the adapter 10c. In some embodiments, the first energy storage device 20a prioritizes charging the second energy storage device 20b with the most remaining charge among the multiple second energy storage devices 20b. In some embodiments, the first energy storage device 20a charges the multiple second energy storage devices 20b in a predetermined order.

[0129] The second charging circuit 14c of the adapter 10c in this embodiment differs from the charging circuit 14 in the first and second adapters 10a and 10b described above in that the second charging circuit 14c further includes a DC-DC converter circuit 142. In this embodiment, the output power of the charging circuit 14 is greater than or equal to 500W and less than or equal to 2000W.

[0130] Next, combine Figure 12 The working mode of the adapter 10c in this embodiment is introduced.

[0131] When the adapter 10c is electrically connected to the charger 30, the control circuit 13 controls the switch 141 to close. A portion of the DC power output by the charger 30 charges the first energy storage device 20a via the charging circuit 14. Another portion of the DC power output by the charger 30 charges the second energy storage device 20b via the second charging circuit 14c.

[0132] When the adapter 10c is not connected to the charger 30, the control circuit 13 controls the switch 141 to be closed, and the DC power output by the first energy storage device 20c charges the second energy storage device 20b through the second charging circuit 14c.

[0133] In some embodiments, when the adapter 10c is not connected to the charger 30, the first energy storage device 20a can charge the second energy storage device 20b while also charging the energy storage devices on the remaining adapters electrically connected to the charger 30. Figure 10 As shown, when the adapter 10 c is not connected to the charger 30 , the first energy storage device 20 a can also charge the energy storage device installed on the first adapter 10 a or the second adapter 10 b .

[0134] In some embodiments, a portion of the DC power output by the charger 30 charges the first energy storage device 20a via the charging circuit 14. Another portion of the DC power output by the charger 30 charges the second energy storage device 20b via the second charging circuit 14c. Note that this DC power does not pass through the DC-DC converter circuit 142. When the adapter 10c is not connected to the charger 30, the DC power output by the first energy storage device 20a charges the second energy storage device 20b via the second charging circuit 14c, which also includes the DC-DC converter circuit 142.

[0135] In some embodiments, the DC-DC converter circuit 142 uses Figure 13The topology shown converts the DC power output by the charger 30 or the DC power U1 output by the first energy storage device 20a into DC power U2 to provide charging voltage for the second energy storage device 20b. The DC-DC conversion circuit 142 includes at least switches Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, capacitors C1, C2, and an inductor L. The control circuit 13 is connected to the gates of the switches Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively, to control the on and off states of the switches Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, thereby achieving the voltage conversion function of the DC-DC conversion circuit. In this embodiment, the DC-DC conversion circuit 142 can be understood as a four-switch buck-boost (FSBB) circuit. The use of the aforementioned FSBB circuit enables soft switching, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the DC-DC conversion circuit.

[0136] Next, combine Figures 13 to 15 The topology of the above-mentioned FSBB circuit and its control method are specifically introduced.

[0137] Specifically, if Figure 14a and Figure 15 As shown, the control circuit controls the switch tubes Q1 and Q4 to be turned on and the switch tubes Q2 and Q3 to be turned off during the T1 period. The inductor voltage is U1 and the inductor current i L The rising slope is U1 / L, and the output current i o is 0. The above process is called the FSBB circuit is in working mode A. Figure 14b and Figure 15 As shown, the control device controls the switch tubes Q1 and Q2 to be turned on and the switch tubes Q3 and Q4 to be turned off during the T2 period. The inductor voltage is U1-U2, and the inductor current i L The rising slope is U1-U2 / L, and the output current i o Equal to the inductor current i L The above process is called FSBB circuit in working mode B. Figure 14c and Figure 15 As shown, the control device controls the switch tubes Q2 and Q3 to be turned on and the switch tubes Q1 and Q4 to be turned off during the T3 period. The inductor voltage is U2 and the inductor current i L The rising slope is -U1 / L, the output current i o Equal to the inductor current i L The above process is called the FSBB circuit is in working mode C. Figure 14d and Figure 15 As shown, the control device controls the switch tubes Q3 and Q4 to be turned on and the switch tubes Q1 and Q2 to be turned off during the T4 period. The inductor voltage is 0 and the inductor current i L The slope is 0, the output current io =0. The above process is called the FSBB circuit in operating mode D. The direction of the inductor current changes twice in one cycle, and there is a negative current Id to achieve zero voltage turn-on of the switches Q1 and Q4.

[0138] The four operating modes described above can form different operating modes of the FSBB circuit. For example, Modes A and B are equivalent to the Boost operating mode, while Modes B and C are equivalent to the Buck operating mode. The inductor voltage of module D is zero, and the operating frequency of the circuit can be maintained by increasing or decreasing the duration of Mode D.

[0139] See also Figure 16 and Figure 18 As shown, this application also discloses a power supply system 200, specifically an AC / DC bidirectional power supply system. Power supply system 200 includes a power supply 210, a power conversion device 220, and a power receiving device 230. The power conversion device 220 is configured to be electrically connected to the power supply 210 and convert the characteristics of the current obtained from the power supply 210. Multiple power receiving devices 230 are electrically connected to the power conversion device 220 to obtain power from the power supply 210.

[0140] In some embodiments, the output power of the power conversion device 220 is greater than or equal to 10W and less than or equal to 10KW. In some embodiments, the output power of the power conversion device 220 is greater than or equal to 10W and less than or equal to 250W. In some embodiments, the output power of the power conversion device 220 is greater than or equal to 250W and less than or equal to 550W. In some embodiments, the output power of the power conversion device 220 is greater than or equal to 500W and less than or equal to 10KW. In some embodiments, the output power of the power conversion device 220 is greater than or equal to 1000W and less than or equal to 10KW. In some embodiments, the output power of the power conversion device 220 is greater than or equal to 1KW and less than or equal to 3KW. In some embodiments, the output power of the power conversion device 220 is greater than or equal to 3KW and less than or equal to 5KW. In some embodiments, the output power of the power conversion device 220 is greater than or equal to 5KW and less than or equal to 7KW. In some embodiments, the output power of the power conversion device 220 is greater than or equal to 7KW and less than or equal to 10KW. In some embodiments, the output power of the power conversion device 220 may also include 10W, 50W, 100W, 200W, 500W, 800W, 1KW, 1.5KW, 2KW, 2.5KW, 3KW, 3.5KW, 4KW, 4.5KW, 5KW, 5.5KW, 6KW, 6.5KW, 7KW, 7.5KW, 8KW, 8.5KW, 9KW, 9.5KW, and 10KW.

[0141] The power source 210 includes at least one of a solar panel 211, a trolley charging station 212, an in-vehicle cigarette lighter 213, a mains power outlet 214, or a battery pack 215. The output power of the solar panel 211 is greater than or equal to 100W. Of course, the solar panel 211 can also have a high-power output capability, with an output power greater than or equal to 1000W. The output of the trolley charging station 212 is supplied to the power receiving device 100 in the charging system 200 via the power conversion device 220. In some embodiments, the output power of the trolley charging station 212 is greater than or equal to 1000W. The output power of the in-vehicle cigarette lighter 213 is greater than or equal to 100W. Of course, the in-vehicle cigarette lighter 213 can also have a high-power output capability, with an output power greater than or equal to 1000W. In some embodiments, the in-vehicle cigarette lighter 213 can be connected to a DC-DC charger, thereby outputting power from the vehicle's power supply to power a battery pack or DC appliance electrically connected to the DC-DC charger. The battery pack 215 can be an external battery pack or a built-in battery pack of the riding vehicle. The types of battery packs include but are not limited to LFP, sodium ion, solid / semi-solid, 21700 battery, 40135 battery, 4680 battery, 46950 battery, 46120 battery, and 35184.

[0142] The power conversion device 220 includes at least one of an AC-DC charger, a bidirectional power supply, a DC-DC charger, and a riding vehicle. Specifically, the AC-DC charger is at least used to convert the AC power connected to the mains socket into DC power, so as to be used by the power receiving device 230. In some embodiments, the output power of the AC-DC charger is greater than or equal to 100W. In some embodiments, the output power of the AC-DC charger is greater than or equal to 210W. In some embodiments, the AC-DC charger also has a larger power output capacity, and its output power is greater than or equal to 1000W. The DC-DC charger is at least used to convert the DC power from the solar panel, EV charging, the car cigarette lighter or the battery pack into DC power compatible with the power receiving device. When the riding vehicle is used as the power conversion device 220, its built-in battery pack can be used as a power source to convert the DC power in the energy storage device into AC power output.

[0143] The power receiving device 230 includes at least one of a device equipped with a battery pack and an AC appliance 235. The AC appliance can be a household appliance such as a television or a barbecue grill. The power supply 210 outputs AC power through the power conversion device 220 to power the television or barbecue grill. In some embodiments, the device equipped with a battery pack includes, but is not limited to, a DC-DC charger, a power adapter, or at least one of a ride-on vehicle or outdoor walking device. The DC-DC charger is connected to the ride-on vehicle. In some embodiments, the power receiving device 230 may include multiple devices equipped with battery packs connected in series. The power receiving device is configured to removably mount multiple energy storage devices. The multiple energy storage devices include at least a first energy storage device and a second energy storage device. When the power supply is on, the power supply charges the first and second energy storage devices; when the power supply is off, the first energy storage device charges the second energy storage device. In some embodiments, the first energy storage device includes at least one large-capacity battery pack with an energy capacity greater than or equal to 1 kW·h and less than or equal to 30 kW·h. In some embodiments, the battery pack has an energy capacity of 2 kW·h. In some embodiments, the battery pack is a battery pack having an energy greater than or equal to 3kW·h. In some embodiments, the battery pack is a battery pack having an energy greater than or equal to 4kW·h. In some embodiments, the battery pack is a battery pack having an energy greater than or equal to 5kW·h. In some embodiments, the battery pack is a battery pack having an energy greater than or equal to 6kW·h. In some embodiments, the second energy storage device includes at least one small-capacity battery pack having an energy greater than or equal to 100W·h and less than or equal to 2kW·h. The battery pack is a battery pack having an energy greater than or equal to 0.1kWh. In some embodiments, the battery pack is a battery pack having an energy greater than or equal to 0.4kWh. In some embodiments, the battery pack is a battery pack having an energy greater than or equal to 0.6kWh. In some embodiments, the battery pack is a battery pack having an energy greater than or equal to 1kWh.

[0144] In some embodiments, a device equipped with a battery pack includes a first power adapter 231, a second power adapter 232, a DC-DC charger 233, and a riding vehicle 234, which are connected in sequence. Alternatively, the first power adapter 231, the DC-DC charger 233, the second power adapter 232, and the riding vehicle 234 may be connected in this order. The power conversion device 220 exchanges control information and other information with the first power adapter 231, the second power adapter 232, and the DC-DC charger 233 using power carrier communication or wireless communication.

[0145] In some embodiments, the battery pack includes at least one battery cell, and at least one of the power receiving devices 230 can achieve a charge rate of the battery cell of greater than or equal to 8C. In some embodiments, at least one of the power receiving devices 230 can achieve a charge rate of the battery cell of greater than or equal to 9C. In some embodiments, at least one of the power receiving devices 230 can achieve a charge rate of the battery cell of greater than or equal to 10C.

[0146] Specifically, the first power adapter 231 is used to install the first battery pack 231a. The second power adapter 232 is used to install the second battery pack 232a. There can be one or more first battery packs 231a or second battery packs 232a. The types, chemical parameters, and characteristic parameters of the multiple first battery packs 231a or second battery packs 232a can be the same or different. There can be one or more DC-DC chargers 233. The DC-DC charger 233 is used to install the first energy storage device 233a or the second energy storage device 233b. When the DC-DC charger 233 is electrically connected to the charging system 200, it can receive electrical energy output by the power conversion device 220 to charge the connected first energy storage device 233a or second energy storage device 233b. When the DC-DC charger 233 cannot obtain electrical energy from the power supply system 200, the second energy storage device 233b can be charged via the first energy storage device 233a. In some embodiments, the first energy storage device 233a can simultaneously charge multiple second energy storage devices 233b mounted on the DC-DC charger 233. In some embodiments, the first energy storage device is mounted on the first DC-DC charger, and the second energy storage device is mounted on the second DC-DC charger. The first energy storage device can charge the second energy storage device. In some embodiments, the first energy storage device is mounted on a ride-on vehicle, and the second energy storage device is mounted on the DC-DC charger. The first energy storage device charges the second energy storage device.

[0147] The bidirectional charging system also includes a wireless communication module communicatively connected to a remote device. The wireless communication module is configured to receive signals output by the remote device to control the first energy storage device to charge the second energy storage device. In some embodiments, the wireless communication module is configured to receive signals output by the remote device to control the first energy storage device on a DC-DC charger or the first energy storage device on a ride-on vehicle to charge the second energy storage device. In some embodiments, the remote device is configured to receive signals output by the wireless communication module to display remaining charging time or charging fault information.

[0148] In some embodiments, a riding vehicle or outdoor walking device can receive direct current (DC) power outputted by the power conversion device 220 to charge a built-in battery pack. In some embodiments, the riding vehicle can also output DC power to power other power receiving devices 230 connected to the power conversion device 220. The riding vehicle includes a first interface configured to electrically connect to the power output port of the first adapter or the power output port of the second adapter. Connection methods between the riding vehicle and the power output port include, but are not limited to, wired connections, wireless connections, and hard connections.

[0149] In some embodiments, when the power conversion device 220 in the power supply system is configured as a riding vehicle, the power source 210 is a battery pack installed in the riding vehicle. In this embodiment, the power conversion device 220 is a bidirectional inverter module. The electric energy in the battery pack can be output as AC power for use by a television and a barbecue grill through the bidirectional inverter module, and can be output as DC power for use by the battery pack installed on the first adapter or the second adapter and the DC-DC charger. The riding vehicle can also output AC power to directly power household appliances such as a television or a barbecue grill. In some embodiments, the riding vehicle can also output DC power that is compatible with mobile phones or 4G gateways for charging them.

[0150] Specifically, a riding vehicle or outdoor walking equipment includes a main body; a walking wheel group, including walking wheels supporting the main body; a drive component, installed to the main body, the drive component including a motor that drives the walking wheels to rotate; an energy storage device, detachably installed to the main body, the energy storage device is configured to at least supply power to the motor; the outdoor walking equipment also includes a bidirectional inverter module, the bidirectional inverter template is configured to be electrically connected to the energy storage device, and the bidirectional inverter module outputs the electrical energy of the energy storage device in the form of alternating current.

[0151] See also Figure 19a and Figure 19bAs shown, the riding vehicle 234 is connected to or has a built-in bidirectional inverter module 234a for converting electrical energy. The bidirectional inverter module is installed in the main unit, or the bidirectional inverter module is independent of the main unit and removably connected to the energy storage device 234b. The riding vehicle 234 includes a first interface 2341, a second interface 2342, and a third interface 2343 electrically connected to the bidirectional inverter module. The first interface 2341 is used to receive electrical energy from the power supply system or output electrical energy to the power supply system. Specifically, the first interface 2341 is used to receive direct current (DC) power output by the power conversion device 220 to charge the built-in energy storage device. Of course, the first interface 2341 can also output DC power to provide power to other power receiving devices 230 in the charging system 200. The second interface 2342 is used to output the electrical energy in the energy storage device in the form of alternating current (AC) to power household appliances such as televisions and barbecue grills. The third interface 2342 is used to output DC power to charge mobile phones or 4G gateways. The third interface can be a USB interface, specifically a Type-A or Type-C interface. The energy storage device in the aforementioned riding vehicle can include multiple battery packs of the same type, or can include battery packs of different types. For example, the energy storage device can include a battery pack with lithium iron phosphate cells and a battery pack with ternary lithium cells.

[0152] In some embodiments, see Figure 20 As shown, when the power conversion device 220 in the power supply system is set as an AC-DC charger, the electric energy in the power supply 210 can be transmitted to the first power adapter 231, the second power adapter 232, the DC-DC charger 233 and the riding vehicle 234. Of course, it can also be transmitted to household appliances such as TVs, barbecue grills, etc. Among them, the power supply 210 can be a solar panel 211, a tram charging pile 212, a car cigarette lighter 213, and a mains socket 214. It should be noted that the above-mentioned AC-DC charger also has a DC input port for receiving DC power and performing voltage conversion to output DC power that is compatible with the power receiving device. Of course, the above-mentioned AC-DC charger may not have a DC input port, then the power source that can be connected is the mains socket 214.

[0153] In some embodiments, see Figure 21 As shown, when the power conversion device 220 in the power supply system is configured as a DC-DC charger, the power in the power supply 210 can be transmitted to the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device electrically connected to the DC-DC charger, as well as the riding vehicle 234. The power supply 210 can be a solar panel 211, a trolley charging station 212, or an in-vehicle cigarette lighter 213. It should be noted that the power supply 210 can also be a battery pack. The battery pack can be the first energy storage device, the second energy storage device, or the battery pack on the riding vehicle.

[0154] In some embodiments, when the power conversion device 220 in the power supply system is configured as a bidirectional power supply, the power in the power supply 210 can be transmitted to the first power adapter 231, the second power adapter 232, the DC-DC charger 233, and the riding vehicle 234. The power supply 210 may be a solar panel 211, a vehicle charging station 212, a vehicle cigarette lighter 213, or a mains socket 214. It should be noted that a battery pack may also be used as a power source, and the power of the battery pack is converted into AC power after passing through the bidirectional power supply for use by AC electrical appliances. The battery pack may be a battery pack installed on the first adapter, the second adapter, the DC-DC charger, or the riding vehicle.

[0155] See also Figure 17 As shown, in some embodiments, the power conversion device 220 further includes an AC power outlet 221. When power is connected, the power can be supplied to the connected AC appliance 235 via the AC power outlet 221. When power is disconnected, the power from the multiple energy storage devices installed on the power receiving device is output as AC power via the AC power outlet 221. The AC power outlet 221 includes at least one of a two-pronged or three-pronged AC outlet.

[0156] In some embodiments, the power supply system provides power to AC appliances to ensure their proper operation. When the mains power interface is unavailable, the battery pack in the charging system discharges to ensure normal operation of the AC appliance. The battery packs mentioned above include those installed in the first adapter, the second adapter, the DC-DC charger, and the ride-on vehicle. Specifically, the bidirectional power supply converts the DC power output by the battery pack into AC power compatible with the AC appliance. The discharge power of the power supply system depends on the type and number of battery packs. Users can remotely configure the discharge order of the multiple battery packs in the charging system and display a discharge countdown, indicating the remaining battery life. When the mains power interface is available, the charging system discharges the AC appliance via the bidirectional power supply and the electric vehicle charging station to ensure normal operation. In some embodiments, when there are many AC appliances requiring high power, the battery pack in the power receiving device can power the AC appliances via the bidirectional power supply.

[0157] The charging system in this application also has the function of charging and discharging simultaneously. For example, the power conversion device receives AC power from the mains interface and transmits the received power to the adapter, DC-DC charger, and ride-on vehicle to charge the battery packs thereon. At the same time, the power conversion device also outputs the received AC power for use by AC appliances. For example, the power conversion device receives power from a solar panel or a trolley charging station and transmits the received power to the adapter, DC-DC charger, and ride-on vehicle to charge the battery packs thereon. At the same time, the battery pack discharges power to peripheral devices. For example, the power conversion device receives power from a trolley charging station and transmits the power to the battery packs installed on the adapter, DC-DC charger, and ride-on vehicle to charge them. At the same time, the battery pack discharges power to peripheral devices. For example, the solar panel outputs power to the adapter or DC-DC charger to charge multiple battery packs electrically connected to them. At the same time, the first energy storage device electrically connected to the DC-DC charger can charge the second energy storage device.

[0158] See also Figure 22 As shown, the AC power output port 221 can be connected to the home grid 300 to supply power to the home grid 300. The home grid 300 has an AC power input interface 310 for connecting to the AC output port 221, a 56V power bus 22, an AC device interface 13 for connecting to an AC device 131, and a DC device interface 14 for connecting to a DC device 143 or an energy storage device 142. Among them, the DC device interface 14 includes a power converter or a bidirectional DC converter 141. The home grid 300 also includes a bidirectional inverter device 15, which is electrically connected to the mains interface 11 and is used to process the mains power received from the mains interface 11. Specifically, the bidirectional inverter device 15 is a bidirectional inverter, which is used to convert the input AC power into DC power or convert the input DC power into AC power. The home grid 300 also includes a solar interface 16 electrically connected to the power bus 22.

[0159] See also Figure 23 The illustrated power supply system 200 also includes a wireless communication module 240 that is communicatively connected to a remote device 400. The wireless communication module is configured to communicate with the home power grid. The remote device is capable of recording the number of times and duration that the home power grid draws power through the AC input interface. The remote device is configured to allow a user to set a priority circuit within the home power grid for power supply. The remote device 400 can be a mobile phone, computer, tablet, or other device.

[0160] In some embodiments, see Figure 24As shown, charging system 200 includes a power conversion device 220 and multiple power receiving devices 230 connected in cascade. Charging system 200 is configured to charge a battery pack electrically connected to power receiving device 230. Power conversion device 220 includes a controller 222, a power interface 223 for connecting to an external power source, a connection port 224 for connecting to power receiving device 230, and a conversion circuit 225 electrically connected to power interface 223 and connection port 224, respectively. Power receiving device 230 includes a controller 236, a power input port 237a for connecting to power conversion device 220 or another power receiving device, and a power output port 237b for connecting to another power receiving device. The controller 222 of power conversion device 220 communicates directly or indirectly with the controllers 236 of the multiple power receiving devices 230 and records the identities of the multiple power receiving devices 230. Specifically, the power conversion device 220 controls the corresponding power receiving device 230 on the link to charge in the order of the identity identifiers based on the recorded identity identifiers. In some embodiments, the order of the identity identifiers is to start from the power receiving device 230 closest to the power conversion device 220 and number them in the order of physical connection. The numbering order can be Arabic numerals from small to large, such as 1, 2, 3, etc. Of course, it can also be based on the 26 English letters, such as a, b, c, etc. The power conversion device 220 includes at least one of an AC-DC charger, a bidirectional power supply, a DC-DC charger, and a riding vehicle. The power receiving device 230 includes but is not limited to at least one of a DC-DC charger, a power adapter, a riding vehicle, or an outdoor walking device. Riding vehicles include riding lawn mowers, stand-on lawn mowers, all-terrain vehicles, etc.

[0161] In some embodiments, multiple power receiving devices may also be connected in parallel.

[0162] Specifically, see Figure 25As shown, after the power conversion device 220 is powered on, it provides voltage to the communication bus 250 and the power bus 260 to power on the multiple power receiving devices 230 connected in cascade. Specifically, the power conversion device 220 provides a level signal (e.g., a PWM wave) to trigger the power receiving device 230a physically connected to it to perform identity identification. After receiving the PWM signal, the power receiving device 230a completes the identity identification as number 01, reports the message containing the identity identification to the communication bus 250, and outputs the PWM wave to the next physically connected power receiving device 230b. After receiving the PWM signal sent by the power receiving device 230a, the power receiving device 230b completes the identity identification as number 02, reports the communication bus identity identification and outputs the PWM wave to the next physically connected power receiving device 230c, and sequentially identifies the multiple power receiving devices connected in cascade. In some embodiments, the maximum number of the above-mentioned identity identification can be 20, 30, 40, or 50. Of course, it can also be a larger or smaller value. It should be noted that during the identification recording process, if no fault occurs, the maximum identification number can be understood as the number of power receiving devices in the charging system. In addition to the identification, the message reported by each power receiving device also includes information indicating whether it is the last power receiving device. Specifically, each power receiving device 230 includes an End Detect pin. Whether the next stage is connected depends on whether the End Detect pin of the power receiving device 230 in that stage is triggered.

[0163] In some embodiments, the communication bus can be a controller area network (CAN) bus. The power conversion device 220 can communicate with the power receiving device 230 via the CAN bus. When the information data is downlinked, the remote device sends instructions to the power conversion device through the wireless communication module, and the wireless communication module transmits the instructions to the power receiving device through the controller area network communication protocol. When the information data is downlinked, the power receiving device transmits the information to the power conversion device for aggregation through the controller area network communication protocol, and the power conversion device reports it to the wireless communication module, and the relevant information is displayed on the remote device. In some embodiments, the communication bus can be a 485 bus or a USB-PD bus.

[0164] In addition to the numbering for identification based on the order of physical connection in the above embodiments, the charging system can also use other forms of identification. In some embodiments, the charging system will charge according to the most recent charging order. In some embodiments, the charging system will charge based on the optimal charging plan. The above-mentioned optimal charging plan can be to ensure that users can obtain more fully charged battery packs in the shortest time, that is, give priority to charging battery packs with more power. The above-mentioned optimal charging plan can also be to ensure that users can obtain more battery packs with partial power in the shortest time, that is, give priority to charging battery packs with lower power. In some embodiments, the charging system will charge the battery packs in the system based on a random principle.

[0165] In some embodiments, when one or more of the power receiving devices 230 fail during the process of the power conversion device 220 recording the identities of multiple power receiving devices 230, the power conversion device 220 reversely numbers the identities starting from the last power receiving device 230, identifies the identity numbers of the failed power receiving devices, and reports them to the remote device. Specifically, when the power conversion device 220 identifies the multiple power receiving devices 230, if one or more of the power receiving devices 230 are damaged and unable to transmit PWM signals, the terminal detection function reversely numbers the failed power receiving devices 230 until the abnormal power receiving device 230 is encountered, so that other normal power receiving devices 230 are not affected.

[0166] In some embodiments, when the power interface 223 is powered on, the power conversion device 220 will be triggered to re-execute the operation of recording the identity identifications of multiple power receiving devices 230. Of course, after the power conversion device 220 is powered on, it will identify whether the power receiving device 230 and the battery pack on it are devices that are allowed to access. Only after completing the handshake protocol will it start to number the power receiving devices 230 on the link. In some embodiments, when a new power receiving device 230 is added to the charging system 200, the power conversion device 220 will be triggered to re-execute the operation of recording the identity identifications of multiple power receiving devices 230. In some embodiments, when a fault occurs in the charging system 200, the power conversion device 220 will be triggered to re-execute the operation of recording the identity identifications of multiple power receiving devices 230. Of course, the power conversion device 220 will start the renumbering operation after the current round of charging operation is completed.

[0167] In some embodiments, the charging system 200 also has an information polling function. After the power conversion device 220 completes recording the identities of multiple power receiving devices 230, it will collect information from each power receiving device 230 corresponding to each identity, and then summarize or record the information of each power receiving device 230 and report it to the IOT module, and display the relevant information on the remote device. During the polling process, the power conversion device 220 will query whether a new power receiving device 230 is connected to the bus. If so, it will wait until it is idle and re-record the identities of the multiple cascaded power receiving devices 230. When the power supply system 200 is in standby mode, the power conversion device 220 will identify a power receiving device 230 that needs to be charged during the polling process and will charge the power receiving device 230 that needs to be charged. Specifically, the power conversion device 220 periodically inquires the power receiving device 230 with an identity whether it needs to be charged. When the power receiving device 230 is inserted into a battery pack, the power receiving device 230 responds that it needs to be charged. The power receiving device 230 detects the voltage of the battery pack and transmits information such as the voltage of the battery pack and the required current to the power conversion device 220. The power conversion device 220 charges the power receiving device 230 according to the transmitted information.

[0168] In some embodiments, when multiple power receiving devices 230 are connected to the charging system 200, the long wiring harness can cause a significant voltage drop across the harness, preventing the power receiving devices near the end from charging at full power, thus affecting charging efficiency. Therefore, the power conversion device 220 improves charging efficiency by increasing its output voltage. The power conversion device 220 adjusts its output voltage and current based on information from the power receiving devices 230. For power receiving devices 230 with longer wiring harnesses, it increases the output voltage while appropriately reducing the current to prevent over-rated power.

[0169] In some embodiments, the controller of the power conversion device adjusts the output of the connection port based on the number of power receiving devices connected to the charging system. The output includes but is not limited to output voltage, output current, and output power.

[0170] In some embodiments, the power conversion device 220 adjusts its output power based on the maximum number. The maximum number of power receiving device identifications is less than or equal to 32. Specifically, the charging system 200 charges a battery pack 238 electrically connected to the power receiving device 230. The controller 222 of the power conversion device 220 adjusts the output voltage of the connection port 224 based on the number of power receiving devices 230 connected to the charging system 200. In some embodiments, the maximum output voltage of the connection port 224 is greater than or equal to 60V and less than or equal to 65V. The maximum output current is greater than or equal to 22A and less than or equal to 24A. In some embodiments, the number of power receiving devices 230 is less than or equal to 30. In some embodiments, the maximum number of power receiving devices 230 is less than or equal to 25. In some embodiments, the maximum number of power receiving devices 230 is less than or equal to 15. In some embodiments, the maximum number of power receiving devices 230 can also be 5, 10, 15, 35, 40, 45, 50, or more. In some embodiments, the rated voltage of the battery pack 238 is greater than or equal to 21V and less than or equal to 65V. In some embodiments, the rated voltage of the battery pack 238 is greater than or equal to 40 V and less than or equal to 60 V. In some embodiments, the rated voltage of the battery pack 238 is greater than or equal to 42 V and less than or equal to 56 V. In some embodiments, the rated voltage of the battery pack 238 is greater than or equal to 48 V and less than or equal to 56 V.

[0171] In some embodiments, when the number of power receiving devices is less than or equal to a first preset value, the controller is configured to adjust the maximum output voltage of the connection port to a first voltage threshold. When the number of power receiving devices is greater than or equal to a second preset value, the controller is configured to adjust the maximum output voltage of the connection port to a second voltage threshold. The first preset value is less than the second preset value, and the first voltage threshold is less than the second voltage threshold. Specifically, the first preset value is set to 8, and the second preset value is set to 12. The first voltage threshold is set to 60V, and the second voltage preset value is set to 65V. For the first eight power receiving devices, the maximum output voltage of the power conversion device is set to 60V, and the maximum output current is set to 24A. For the 9th to 12th power receiving devices, the maximum output voltage of the power conversion device is set to 62V, and the maximum output current is set to 23A. For the 13th to 30th power receiving devices, the maximum output voltage of the power conversion device is set to 65V, and the maximum output current is set to 22A.

[0172] In some embodiments, the controller of the power conversion device obtains the input voltage of the power receiving device currently being charged. When the difference between the input voltage and the output voltage of the power conversion device is less than a first threshold, the maximum output voltage of the connection port is controlled to a third voltage threshold. The controller of the power conversion device obtains the input voltage of the power receiving device currently being charged. When the difference between the input voltage and the output voltage of the power conversion device is greater than a second threshold, the maximum output voltage of the connection port is controlled to a fourth voltage threshold. Specifically, the first threshold is set to 2V, the second threshold is set to 4V, the third voltage threshold is set to 60V, and the fourth voltage threshold is set to 65V. For example, the power conversion device 220 detects its own output voltage and collects the input voltage of the power receiving device currently being charged 230. When the difference between the input and output voltages is less than 2V, the maximum output voltage of the connection port is 60V, and the maximum output current is 24A. When the difference between the input and output voltages is greater than or equal to 2V and less than or equal to 4V, the maximum output voltage of the connection port is 62V, and the maximum output current is 23A. When the difference between the input voltage and the output voltage is greater than 4V, the maximum output voltage of the connection port of the power conversion device 220 is set to 65V, and the maximum output current is set to 22A.

[0173] In some embodiments, when charging one or more battery packs 238 connected to a power receiving device 230, the charging system 200 charges the battery pack with the lowest charge first. When all battery packs have roughly the same charge level, the charging system 200 charges all battery packs 238 simultaneously. In some embodiments, when a new battery pack with a low charge level is inserted into a power receiving device 230, the low charge pack is charged first, and charging of the battery pack with a higher charge level is paused. In some embodiments, when a new battery pack with the same charge level is inserted, it is immediately added to the charging process. In some embodiments, when a new battery pack with a higher charge level is inserted, it enters a waiting state and joins the charging process when the voltage reaches the same level. This charging strategy applies to individual power receiving devices 230. For all power receiving devices 230 in the charging system 200, after the power conversion device 220 has recorded the identities of the multiple power receiving devices 230 connected in cascade, it controls the charging of the multiple power receiving devices 230 in the order in which they are physically connected. In some embodiments, the power conversion device 220 specifies an arbitrary charging order based on external input (e.g., an IoT module or other keypad).

[0174] In some embodiments, the power conversion device 220 recognizes that the power receiving device 230 to be charged has failed, reports the IOT module failure information, and continues to charge the battery pack on the next power receiving device 230 physically connected to the current failed power receiving device 230.

[0175] In some embodiments, if the power conversion device 220 identifies a power receiving device 230 that is abnormal during the polling process and that is waiting to be charged, the power receiving device 230 currently being charged will not be affected, the identity of the faulty power receiving device 230 will be reported, and the abnormal power receiving device 230 will be skipped during sequential charging. After all power receiving devices 230 are fully charged, the power conversion device 220 will re-record the identities of the multiple power receiving devices in the cascade connection and report the fault information.

[0176] In some embodiments, when the power conversion device 220 recognizes that a power receiving device 230 that is being charged appears, it stops charging the power receiving device 230 and charges the next physically connected power receiving device 230, while reporting the identity of the failed power receiving device 230. After all the power receiving devices 230 are charged, the power conversion device 220 re-records the identities of the multiple power receiving devices connected in cascade and reports the IOT module fault information. During the charging system's charging function, the power conversion device is configured to report the wireless communication module fault information to the remote device after identifying a power adapter or DC-DC charger fault, while continuing to charge the battery pack on the next physically connected power adapter or DC-DC charger.

[0177] In some embodiments, when the power conversion device 220 identifies that a battery pack on the corresponding power receiving device 230 is faulty, the power conversion device 220 reports the fault and prohibits charging of the battery pack, while the remaining battery packs can be charged normally.

[0178] In some embodiments, when the charging system 200 is in an idle state, the power conversion device 220 will poll the multiple power receiving devices 230 connected in cascade. During the polling process, after the power conversion device 220 identifies an abnormal power receiving device 230, it reports the IOT module fault information and re-records the identity identification of the multiple power receiving devices connected in cascade.

[0179] In some embodiments, the charging system 200 also has a low power consumption mode. Specifically, the power conversion device has a low power consumption mode, and in the low power consumption mode, the power conversion device is configured to exit the low power consumption mode based on the information obtained by the wireless communication module. In some embodiments, the power conversion device 220 will automatically enter the low power consumption mode if it has not been charged for two consecutive hours (except for the scheduled charging mode). In the low power consumption mode, the auxiliary power circuit and relay of the power conversion device 220 will be turned off. When the IOT module detects a short press of the button, it sends information to the power conversion device 220, and the power conversion device 220 exits the low power consumption mode. In some embodiments, re-plugging and unplugging the AC plug of the power conversion device 220 can also exit the low power consumption mode. The above-mentioned button can be set on the remote device, and of course it can also be set on the power conversion device.

[0180] In some embodiments, the power conversion device 220 includes a wireless communication module 240 configured to communicate with the remote device 400. The wireless communication module 240 includes a Bluetooth module, a Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) module, or a ZigBee module. In some embodiments, the power conversion device 220 specifies an arbitrary charging sequence based on external input from the remote device 400.

[0181] In some embodiments, the charger aggregates or records adapter and battery pack information and reports it to the wireless communication module 240, which then displays the relevant information on the remote device 400. In some embodiments, the cloud sends an upgrade package to the charging system 200 via the wireless communication module 240, enabling OTA upgrades for the power conversion device 220, the power receiving device 230, and the downstream battery pack.

[0182] In some embodiments, the present application further discloses an electronic assembly comprising a primary node device and a secondary node device. The primary node device comprises a wireless communication module configured to communicate with a remote device. The primary node device comprises a connection port for electrically and communicatively connecting with the secondary node device. Each secondary node device comprises an electrical energy input port and an electrical energy output port for sequentially electrically and communicatively connecting the secondary node devices. The electrical energy input port of the first secondary node device is configured to connect to the connection port of the primary node device.

[0183] In some embodiments, the electronic assembly further includes a tertiary node device. The secondary node device includes multiple tertiary interfaces, each configured to electrically connect to a tertiary node device. The tertiary node device is communicatively connected to the secondary node device. The tertiary node device transmits data to the primary node device via the secondary node device. Specifically, the primary node device may be a power conversion device, the secondary node device may be a power receiving device, and the tertiary node device may be a battery pack. The power conversion device charges the battery pack via the power receiving device. In some embodiments, the power conversion device 220 includes at least one of an AC-DC charger, a bidirectional power supply, a DC-DC charger, and a ride-on vehicle. The power receiving device 230 includes at least one of a device equipped with a battery pack and an AC appliance. Devices equipped with a battery pack include, but are not limited to, at least one of a DC-DC charger, a power adapter, a ride-on vehicle, or an outdoor walking device. Specifically, when the first node device is a ride-on vehicle, the ride-on vehicle includes a wireless communication module for wireless communication with a remote device or the cloud. The ride-on vehicle also includes a communication module for communicating with the power receiving device physically connected thereto. The riding vehicle also includes an energy storage device for charging an energy receiving device physically connected thereto.

[0184] Specifically, the power conversion device 220 is an AC-DC charger, and the power receiving device 230 is a DC-DC charger, power adapter, or riding vehicle. When communication data is transmitted upstream, the physical model data of the battery pack is sent to the DC-DC charger or power adapter, which is then transparently transmitted to the AC-DC charger intactly. The controller of the AC-DC charger then transparently transmits the data to the wireless communication module. When communication data is transmitted downstream, the wireless communication module transmits the data to the AC-DC charger, which then transparently transmits the data to the DC-DC charger or power adapter, which is then transparently transmitted to the corresponding battery pack. In this way, functions such as the transmission of data or control commands and the upgrading of equipment at all levels can be realized.

[0185] In some embodiments, see Figure 26 and Figure 27As shown, the power conversion device 220 is specifically an AC-DC charger. The AC-DC charger's power interface 223 is used to connect to an external power source. The AC-DC charger's connection port 224 is used to connect to a power receiving device 230. Specifically, the AC power received by the power interface 223 passes through the EMI filter circuit 228a, then through the rectifier bridge 228b. It is then boosted by the PFC circuit 228c and input into the full-bridge LLC resonant converter circuit 228d for voltage reduction. The controller 222 controls the relay 228e, which outputs the voltage to the output terminal 228f. The output terminal 228f is used to connect to the battery pack for charging. The voltage from the PFC circuit 228c is input into the auxiliary power circuit 238g for voltage conversion, thereby powering the fan circuit and display circuit 238h, the controller 222, and the wireless communication module 240. The controller 222 is used to control the output voltage and output current of the full-bridge LLC resonant conversion circuit 228 d , as well as the communication module and voltage detection module 228 m , current detection module 228 n , fan circuit and light display circuit 238 h and wireless communication module 240 .

[0186] In some embodiments, see Figure 28 As shown, the AC-DC charger's connection port 224 is used to connect to a power receiving device 230. Specifically, the power receiving device 230 is a power adapter. The power adapter includes a controller 236, a buck circuit 239a, a display circuit 239b, a sampling circuit 239c, and a switch circuit 239d. The buck circuit is used to step down the voltage output from the connection port 224 to power the controller 236 and the display circuit 239b. The display circuit 239b is used to display the charge and discharge status of the battery pack 238, the remaining charge, and other information. The sampling circuit 239c is used to collect the port voltage and output current of the battery pack 238. The switch circuit 239d is connected to the controller 236 and is triggered by the controller 236 to switch between a closed and open state. When the switch circuit 239d is closed, the power output from the connection port 224 flows into the battery pack 238 to charge the battery pack 238. In some embodiments, the power adapter also includes a communication module 239e and a PWM signal transceiver module 239f. The communication module 239e communicates with the power conversion device 220 via the communication bus 250. The PWM signal transceiver module 239f is connected to the controller 236 and the PWM signal transceiver module of the next power adapter to transmit the PWM signal to the next physically connected power adapter.

[0187] In some embodiments, see Figure 29As shown, the DC-DC charger 233 is used to accommodate a first energy storage device 233a or a second energy storage device 233b. When electrically connected to the charging system 200, the DC-DC charger 233 receives electrical energy from the power conversion device 220 to charge the connected first energy storage device 233a or second energy storage device 233b. When the DC-DC charger 233 is unable to obtain electrical energy from the power supply system 200, the first energy storage device 233a can be used to charge the second energy storage device 233b. Upon powering on, the DC-DC charger 233 automatically enters a first operating mode. In the first operating mode, the first energy storage device 233a charges the second energy storage device 233b. In the first operating mode, connecting the DC-DC charger 233 to the charging system switches the first operating mode to a second operating mode. In the second operating mode, the first energy storage device 233a switches from a discharging state to a charging state. In some embodiments, the DC-DC charger 233 also has an on / off button, which is disabled in the second operating mode. To exit the second operating mode, the user can operate the switch button to return the DC-DC charger 233 to the first mode. Exiting the second operating mode can include exiting the AC mode when the power conversion device 220 has no output or no input. This manages the first and second operating modes of the DC-DC charger 233, ensuring safe charging of the charging system and battery pack.

[0188] In some embodiments, see Figure 29 As shown, the DC-DC charger 233 includes a Bluetooth module for transmitting operating status and data to the remote device 400. The above data may include the status and data of the connected first energy storage device 233a and the second energy storage device 233b. In some embodiments, the remote device 400 can remotely upgrade the controller and Bluetooth module of the DC-DC charger 233. In some embodiments, the first energy storage device 233a includes a Bluetooth module, and the remote device 400 can remotely upgrade the first energy storage battery pack 233a. In some embodiments, the Bluetooth module of the DC-DC charger 233 can also be used for warehouse management.

[0189] In some embodiments, the switch button on the DC-DC charger 233 has multiple functions. Specifically, a long press of the switch button can turn on the Bluetooth function of the DC-DC charger 233, and a short press of the switch button can respond to enter the first working mode.

[0190] In the present application, the power supply system can also be controlled by a remote device. The user can control the operation of the power supply system through the remote device. Specifically, the power supply system also includes a wireless communication module, which is configured to communicate with the first adapter and the second adapter. When the wireless communication module receives a signal from the remote device, the first adapter and the second adapter charge the energy storage device installed on the first adapter and the energy storage device installed on the second adapter according to the order set by the signal.

[0191] In some embodiments, a user can control the order of charging and discharging of the power receiving device in the power supply system through a remote device. Specifically, the power receiving device includes a plurality of adapters and a DC-DC charger arranged in sequence. The adapters and the DC-DC chargers are equipped with battery packs. For example, the number of adapters connected in sequence in the charging system is 3, and the number of DC-DC chargers is 2. In order to more clearly illustrate the charging strategy, the adapters are numbered 1, 2, and 3 in sequence. The DC-DC chargers are numbered 1 and 2. After the power supply 10 is connected, the user can select different charging modes on the remote device, such as sequential charging mode and rotation charging mode.

[0192] In sequential charging mode, the user can select either single sequential charging mode or combined sequential charging mode. When the user selects single sequential charging mode, the power provided by power supply 10 first charges the battery pack on adapter #1. When the battery pack on adapter #1 is fully charged, it then charges the battery pack on adapter #2. When the battery pack on adapter #2 is fully charged, it then charges the battery pack on adapter #3. When the battery pack on adapter #3 is fully charged, it then charges the battery pack on DC-DC charger #1. When the battery pack on DC-DC charger #1 is fully charged, it then charges the battery pack on DC-DC charger #2, until the battery pack on DC-DC charger #2 is fully charged. When the user selects combined sequential charging mode, the power provided by power supply 10 first charges the battery packs on adapters #1 and #2 simultaneously, then charges the battery packs on adapter #3 and DC-DC charger #1, and finally charges the battery pack on DC-DC charger #2. Of course, users can also set up the above charging combination by themselves, for example, first charge the battery packs on adapter No. 1, adapter No. 2 and adapter No. 3, and then charge the battery packs on DC-DC charger No. 1 and DC-DC charger No. 2.

[0193] In the rotation charging mode, the user can select a single rotation charging mode or a combination of rotation charging modes. When the user selects the single rotation charging mode, the power in the power supply 10 stops charging the battery pack on the first adapter after a preset time, then stops charging the battery pack on the second adapter after a preset time, then stops charging the battery pack on the third adapter after a preset time, then stops charging the battery pack on the first DC-DC charger after a preset time, then stops charging the battery pack on the second DC-DC charger after a preset time, then continues to charge the battery pack on the first adapter after a preset time, then stops charging the battery pack on the second adapter after a preset time, and so on, in this cycle until all battery packs in the power supply system are fully charged. When the user selects the combined alternating charging mode, the power in power supply 10 first charges the battery packs on adapters #1, #2, and #3 for a preset time, then stops charging. Then, it charges the battery packs on DC-DC charger #1 and DC-DC charger #2 for a preset time, then stops charging. Then, it continues charging the battery packs on adapters #1, #2, and #3 for a preset time, then stops charging. This cycle continues until all battery packs are fully charged. Of course, the user can also customize the above charging combination, for example, charging the battery packs on adapters #1 and #2 first, then charging the battery packs on adapter #3, DC-DC charger #1, and DC-DC charger #2. Using this combined alternating charging mode to charge the battery packs can improve the charging efficiency of the power supply system.

[0194] In some embodiments, the user can set the charging power mode through a remote device. Specifically, you can choose fast charging mode or slow charging mode. Of course, the charging power can also be set according to demand. For example, the user can set the charging power gear. For example, the user can select first gear, second gear, third gear, or other gears, and different gears correspond to different charging powers.

[0195] In some embodiments, the user can also set the battery pack's life mode via a remote device. Specifically, the user can set the life mode to 100%, 90%, or 80%. It is understood that when the battery pack's life mode is set to 80%, the battery pack will no longer accept power input when the battery reaches 80%. Of course, the life mode can also include other settings, such as 70% or other settings.

[0196] In some embodiments, a user can set a battery pack charge percentage reminder via a remote device. For example, a user may wish to receive a remote device notification when the battery pack reaches 50%. Of course, the aforementioned percentage of 50% is merely illustrative, and the user may adjust it based on actual needs.

[0197] In some embodiments, users can also schedule charging or set a timed charging schedule through a remote device. For example, a user can schedule charging of a preset battery pack or power receiving device in the power supply system for one hour. Of course, users can also schedule charging of the power supply system through a remote device, eliminating repeated user operations and improving the convenience and intelligence of the entire power supply system.

[0198] In some embodiments, the remote device includes a built-in controller and memory for storing and calculating the total charging power of the power supply system on a daily, weekly, monthly, or annual basis. Users can view this total charging power through the remote device to understand the operating status of the entire power supply system. Furthermore, the remote device can display the percentage of charging power output by the solar panels within the total charging power, allowing for analysis of solar energy utilization.

[0199] In some embodiments, users can also use a remote device to select which power receiving device to charge first. For example, a user can use a remote device to prioritize charging the battery pack with the most power. Of course, users can also prioritize charging the battery pack that is most accessible to the user within the power supply system.

[0200] Of course, in some embodiments, the user can customize the charging order of the power receiving devices through a remote device, or choose to charge some battery packs.

[0201] To enhance the user experience and improve the intelligence of the power supply system, the system also features full-charge and fault notifications. Specifically, when a power receiving device in the system is fully charged, the user can receive a full-charge notification from the corresponding power receiving device via a remote device. If a power supply system fault occurs, the remote device will display the abnormality on the display interface and send a message, call, or alarm to alert the user.

[0202] See also Figure 30As shown, the adapter 234c is removably mounted to the electric driving device 234 equipped with the energy storage device 234b. Specifically, the adapter 234c includes an AC input interface 2341c, an AC output interface 2342c, an energy storage device interface 2343c, and a bidirectional inverter module 234a. The AC input interface 2341c is configured to input AC power; the AC output interface 2342c is configured to output AC power; the energy storage device interface 2343c is configured to electrically connect to the energy storage device 234b; and the bidirectional inverter module 234a is electrically connected to the AC input interface 2341c, the AC output interface 2342c, and the energy storage device interface 2343c. The bidirectional inverter module 234a is configured to charge the energy storage device 234b using the AC power input from the AC input interface 2341c and to output the power from the energy storage device 234b using the AC output interface 2342c. In some embodiments, the AC input interface 2341c is a "pin" shape. In some embodiments, the AC output interface 2342c is a three-prong socket or a two-prong socket. In some embodiments, the adapter 234c also includes a USB interface for powering a mobile phone or a 4G gateway. In some embodiments, the energy storage device 234b includes at least one battery pack that is detachably connected to the electric driving device. In this embodiment, the output power of the adapter 234c is greater than or equal to 500W and less than or equal to 2000W. The total energy of the energy storage device is greater than or equal to 0.5kW·h and less than or equal to 6kW·h. The electric driving device can be a riding vehicle, such as a riding lawn mower or an all-terrain vehicle. Of course, the electric driving device can also be a hand-push snow blower or lawn mower. In some embodiments, the electric driving device can also be an electric motorcycle, UTV, motorboat, drone, etc.

[0203] In some embodiments, two electric traveling devices can charge each other. The electric traveling device includes a main unit; a running wheel assembly including running wheels supporting the main unit; a drive assembly mounted to the main unit, the drive assembly including a motor driving the running wheels to rotate; an energy storage device detachably mounted to the main unit, the energy storage device being configured to at least supply power to the motor; a DC interface electrically connected to the energy storage device, the DC interface being configured to charge the energy storage device when connected to an external power source; the DC interface is further configured to output DC power, and use the power of the energy storage device to charge other electric traveling devices. In some embodiments, the external power source is another electric traveling device. In some embodiments, the external power source is a charger. In some embodiments, the DC interface can also charge other devices. Other devices are mobile phones, lighting devices, fans, etc.

[0204] The charging device in this application has a strong load capacity and also has an anti-theft design and monitoring for the battery pack installed on the charging device.

[0205] In some embodiments, the charging device includes a housing; a battery pack interface disposed on the housing, the battery pack interface being configured to couple with the battery pack; and an anti-theft device comprising a locked state and an unlocked state. When the anti-theft device is in the locked state, the battery pack is confined within a first distance from the charging device; when the locking device is in the unlocked state, the battery pack can be removed from the charging device. In some embodiments, the anti-theft device is a chain. One end of the anti-theft device is connected to the battery pack and the other end is connected to the charging device. The first distance is less than or equal to 1 meter. In some embodiments, the first distance is less than or equal to 0.5 meters. The anti-theft device can also be unlocked by at least one of fingerprint recognition, mechanical lock, voice control, facial recognition, and remote unlocking. The anti-theft device is configured to unlock or lock multiple battery packs mounted to the battery pack interface one by one. The anti-theft device is configured to unlock or lock multiple battery packs mounted to the battery pack interface simultaneously.

[0206] In some embodiments, see Figures 31 to 33 As shown, the charging device 500 includes a housing 510 and a battery pack interface 511 disposed on the housing 510. The battery pack interface 511 is configured to couple with a battery pack 520. A fixing device 530 is configured to be operated by a user to switch between a first state and a second state. When the fixing device 530 is in the first state, the battery pack 520 is fixed to the charging device 500. When the fixing device 530 is in the second state, the battery pack 520 can move freely relative to the charging device 500. The charging device 500 also includes a locking device 540. The locking device 540 includes a locked state and an unlocked state. When the locking device 540 is in the locked state, the fixing device 530 is restricted to the first state; when the locking device 540 is in the unlocked state, the fixing device 530 can be switched to the second state by user operation.

[0207] Specifically, a limiting portion 531 is formed on the fixing device 530, and a pawl 541 is provided on the locking device 540. When the locking device 540 is in the locked state, the limiting portion 531 and the pawl 541 abut against each other, and the fixing device 530 cannot switch from the first state to the second state. When the user operates the locking device 540 to move in the direction indicated by arrow a, the limiting portion 531 and the pawl 541 do not contact each other, and the fixing device 530 can switch from the first state to the second state. When the locking device 540 is in the unlocked state, when the user operates the locking device 540 to move in the direction indicated by arrow b, the limiting portion 531 and the pawl 541 abut against each other, and the fixing device 530 cannot switch from the first state to the second state.

[0208] In some embodiments, the locking device 540 is a latch. In some embodiments, the fixing device 530 is a buckle. In some embodiments, the unlocking method of the locking device can also be at least one of fingerprint recognition, mechanical lock, voice control, face recognition, and remote unlocking.

[0209] In some embodiments, the locking device or the fixing device is configured to unlock or lock multiple battery packs installed to the battery pack interface one by one. In some embodiments, the locking device or the fixing device is configured to unlock or lock multiple battery packs installed to the battery pack interface simultaneously.

[0210] In some embodiments, see Figure 34 and Figure 35As shown, charging device 500 includes a housing 510; at least one battery pack interface 511 disposed on housing 510 and configured to couple with a battery pack 520; a first port 512 disposed on housing 510 for inputting or outputting current; and a second port 513 disposed on housing 510 for outputting or inputting current. The first and second ports 512, 513 are interchangeable; when the first port 512 is configured for inputting current, the second port 513 is configured for outputting current; and when the second port 513 is configured for inputting current, the first port 512 is configured for outputting current. Specifically, the first and second ports 512, 513 have the same appearance. In some embodiments, the first and second ports 512, 513 are symmetrically disposed on opposite sides of the charging device. In some embodiments, the first and second ports 512, 513 are disposed on the upper portion of housing 510. In some embodiments, the first port is disposed on the upper portion of the housing, and the second port is disposed on the lower portion of the housing. In some embodiments, the first and second ports are disposed on the lower portion of the housing. In some embodiments, the voltages of the first port 512 and the second port 513 are substantially the same. In some embodiments, the first port 512 is used to connect to a first charging device 500a. The second port 513 is used to connect to a second charging device 500b. The first port 512 and the second port 513 have identical structures and can receive current input at different times. The first port 512 and the second port 513 are symmetrically arranged about the center plane 501 of the charging device 500. The first port 512 and the second port 513 are located at the top of the charging device 500. The first port 512 and the second port 513 are connected to other devices via a cable. Specifically, the cable 550 includes a right-angle turn connector 551 and a wire 552. Specifically, the cable 550 includes two right-angle turn connectors connected to each end of the wire. Using such a cable 550 can save installation space when connecting two charging devices. In some embodiments, the charging device 500 also includes a fixing assembly 560, which is used to secure the charging device 500 to another object. In some embodiments, the securing assembly 560 is removably mounted to the housing 510. In some embodiments, the securing assembly 560 is a quick clip.

[0211] In some embodiments, a charging device includes a first adapter and a second adapter. The first adapter includes: a housing; at least one receiving portion for mounting an energy storage device, capable of charging the energy storage device mounted in the receiving portion; a first port disposed on the housing for connecting to the second adapter; and the second adapter includes: a housing; at least one receiving portion for mounting an energy storage device, capable of charging the energy storage device mounted in the receiving portion; and a second port disposed on the housing for connecting to the first adapter. The first port and the second port are identical in structure and are connected by a cable. The cable can be configured with different lengths. At least one end of the cable is configured as a right-angle turn connector. One end of the cable is detachable from the first port. One end of the cable is detachable from the second port. In some embodiments, the first and second adapters are identical. In some embodiments, the first and second adapters are different. The first adapter also includes a support assembly capable of supporting the second adapter. The first adapter also includes a fixing assembly for securing the first adapter to another object. The first port is disposed on the upper portion of the housing of the first adapter.

[0212] In this way, by setting the first port and the second port of the charging device to have the same appearance and be interchangeable, the user experience can be improved, the charging device can be adapted to more spatial application scenarios, and it is convenient for users to install and connect.

[0213] In some embodiments, see Figure 36 and Figure 37 As shown, the charging device 500 includes a housing 510; a first accommodating portion 514 disposed on the housing 510 and configured to accommodate a first energy storage device 521; and at least two second accommodating portions 515 disposed on the housing 510, each configured to accommodate a second energy storage device 522. The volume of the first energy storage device 521 is greater than the volume of the second energy storage device 522. The first accommodating portion 514 and the at least two second accommodating portions 515 are respectively disposed on either side of a partition surface 502. When the second accommodating portions are each equipped with a second energy storage device and the first accommodating portion is equipped with a first energy storage device, the projection width of the first energy storage device on the partition surface is substantially equal to the projection width of all the second energy storage devices on the partition surface.

[0214] In some embodiments, the weight of the first energy storage device 521 is greater than or equal to 9 kg. In one embodiment, the weight of the first energy storage device 521 is greater than or equal to 10 kg, or greater than or equal to 11 kg, or greater than or equal to 12 kg, or greater than or equal to 13 kg, or greater than or equal to 14 kg, or greater than or equal to 15 kg, for example, the weight of the battery pack is 9 kg, 10 kg, or 15 kg. The capacity of the first energy storage device 521 is greater than or equal to 20 Ah. In one embodiment, the capacity of the first energy storage device 521 is greater than or equal to 30 Ah, or the capacity of the first energy storage device 521 is greater than or equal to 40 Ah, or the capacity of the first energy storage device 521 is greater than or equal to 50 Ah. For example, it can be 20 Ah, 30 Ah, 40 Ah, 50 Ah, etc. The ratio of the capacity to weight of the first energy storage device 521 is greater than or equal to 2 Ah / Kg, for example, 2 Ah / Kg, 4 Ah / Kg, 5 Ah / Kg, etc. The average discharge current of the first energy storage device 521 is greater than or equal to 30A, for example, 30A, 35A, 40A, etc. The energy of the battery pack 100 is greater than or equal to 2 kW·h. In one embodiment, the energy of the first energy storage device 521 is greater than or equal to 3 kW·h, or the energy of the first energy storage device 521 is greater than or equal to 4 kW·h, or the energy of the first energy storage device 521 is greater than or equal to 5 kW·h. For example, the energy of the first energy storage device 521 can be 2 kW·h, 3 kW·h, 4 kW·h, 5 kW·h, etc. In one embodiment, the first energy storage device 521 is substantially in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, with a height greater than or equal to 300 mm and less than or equal to 350 mm. The length of the first energy storage device 521 is greater than or equal to 300 mm and less than or equal to 350 mm. In some embodiments, the length of the first energy storage device 521 is greater than or equal to 320 mm and less than or equal to 330 mm. In some embodiments, the width of the first energy storage device 521 is greater than or equal to 150 mm and less than or equal to 200 mm. In some embodiments, the width of the first energy storage device 521 is greater than or equal to 170 mm and less than or equal to 180 mm. It should be noted that the height dimension of the first energy storage device 521 ≥ the length dimension ≥ the width dimension.

[0215] In some embodiments, the charging device 500 includes a housing 510, a first receiving portion 514 disposed on the housing 510 for receiving a first energy storage device 521, and a second receiving portion 515 disposed on the housing 510 for receiving a second energy storage device 522. The first energy storage device 521 weighs more than the second energy storage device 522. When the charging device 500 is placed on a plane 503, the first energy storage device 521 is inserted into the first receiving portion 514 along a first straight line 504. The angle formed between the first straight line 504 and the plane 503 is greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees. In some embodiments, the angle formed between the first straight line 504 and the plane 503 is greater than or equal to 10 degrees and less than or equal to 45 degrees. In some embodiments, the angle formed between the first straight line 504 and the plane 503 is 15 degrees. When the charging device 500 is placed on the plane 503, the first energy storage device 521 is vertically below the second energy storage device 522.

[0216] In some embodiments, the battery pack and charging device are connected via a cable. Specifically, the charging device includes a socket that adapts to the plug connected to the cable, and the battery pack also has a socket that adapts to the plug connected to the cable. This allows the charging device to be moved relative to the battery pack, making its application more flexible. Furthermore, the charging device is smaller, making it easier and less expensive to carry, store, and transport.

[0217] In some embodiments, see Figure 38 As shown, the charging device 500 also includes a circuit board 570 disposed within the housing 510. The circuit board 570 is substantially parallel to the bottom surface of the charging device 510. Specifically, the circuit board 570 is at least partially disposed vertically below the first and second accommodating portions 514, 515. A heat dissipation airflow is also formed within the housing 510, flowing substantially along the long ends of the circuit board 570.

[0218] In some embodiments, the charging device 500 may also be equipped with a fan, and the airflow generated by the fan is used to dissipate heat from the charging device or battery pack. In some embodiments, the charging device 500 may also use a coolant for heat dissipation. In some embodiments, the charging device 500 may also be made of a material with better heat dissipation, such as a phase change material. In some embodiments, the charging device may also be equipped with a hydrogel material with better heat dissipation.

[0219] In some embodiments, the charging device 500 includes a housing 510; at least one battery pack interface 511 is provided on the housing 510, and the battery pack interface 511 is configured to be coupled with a battery pack. The charging device 500 also includes a frame 580, and the housing is accommodated inside the rectangular parallelepiped defined by the frame 580. Specifically, the frame includes or is formed with a handle for the user to carry. In some embodiments, the frame is made of plastic. In some embodiments, the frame is made of metal. In some embodiments, the battery pack is configured to be able to be inserted from the outside of the rectangular parallelepiped defined by the frame 580 to the inside of the rectangular parallelepiped to be coupled to the battery pack interface 511. Specifically, the frame includes a cross bar 581, which is provided near the partition surface 502. It should be noted that the above-mentioned frame can be understood as a specific embodiment of the support assembly in the present application.

[0220] In some embodiments, see Figure 38 and Figure 39 As shown, the charging device 500 includes a shell 510; at least one battery pack interface 511 is provided on the shell 510, and the battery pack interface 511 is configured to couple with the battery pack; a plurality of charging devices 500 can be stacked in a first manner and a second manner, wherein the placement direction of the plurality of charging devices in the first manner is different from the placement direction of the plurality of charging devices in the second manner. The charging device also includes a frame, and the shell is accommodated inside the rectangular parallelepiped defined by the frame 580. In some embodiments, the frame includes or is formed with a handle for the user to carry. In some embodiments, the top corners of the frame 580 form a protrusion 583 or a recessed portion 582, and when the frame 580 is stacked, the protrusion and the recessed parts can be fixed together. Specifically, the charging device is arranged as follows Figure 40 When stacked in the first orientation shown, all battery packs are accessible. Figure 41 When stacked in the second orientation shown, at least some of the battery packs are inaccessible. Figure 45 When stacked in the third orientation shown, only the battery pack on the topmost charging device can be accessed.

[0221] In some embodiments, the charging device 500 further includes a power display unit for displaying the power status of the battery pack installed thereon.

[0222] In some embodiments, the charging device 500 includes a housing 510; a first receiving portion 514, disposed on the housing 510, for mounting a first energy storage device 521, the first energy storage device 521 including a plurality of first battery cells; a second receiving portion 515, disposed on the housing 510, for mounting a second energy storage device 522, the second energy storage device 522 including a plurality of second battery cells; the volume of the first battery cell is greater than the volume of the second battery cell. Figure 41As shown, multiple charging devices can be stacked, and when multiple charging devices are stacked and placed on plane 503, the first battery cell is substantially parallel to plane 503. In some embodiments, the second energy storage device 522 is inserted into the second accommodating portion 515 along the direction of the second straight line 505, wherein the angle β formed by the second straight line 505 and the plane 503 is greater than or equal to 45 degrees and less than or equal to 80 degrees. In some embodiments, the angle β formed by the second straight line 505 and the plane 503 is greater than or equal to 50 degrees and less than or equal to 70 degrees. In some embodiments, the angle β formed by the second straight line 505 and the plane 503 can be 45°, 50°, 55°, 60°, 65°, 70°, 75°, or 80°.

[0223] In some embodiments, see Figure 42 and Figure 43 As shown, the charging system includes multiple charging devices, and multiple charging devices 500 can be stacked through a frame 580. Specifically, the frame 580 can be detachably mounted with wheels 584 and a pull rod 585. When multiple charging devices 500 need to be moved, the wheels and pull rods are mounted on the frame 580 of the lowest charging device, and the charging system can be easily moved. In some embodiments, see Figure 44 As shown, the charging system includes a plurality of charging devices 500 and a cabinet 500c for placing the plurality of charging devices, wherein the cabinet 500c has wheels for easy movement.

[0224] In some embodiments, see Figures 46 to 48 As shown, the charging device 600 includes a shell 601; a mounting portion 602 configured to mount or accommodate an energy storage device; a pull rod assembly 603 mounted to the shell 601; and wheels 604 mounted to the shell 601. When the pull rod assembly 603 is pushed or pulled by a user, the wheels 604 roll to facilitate the user to move the charging device 600.

[0225] In some embodiments, the housing 600 is formed with a housing 607 for mounting an energy storage device. The housing 607 surrounds a space 607a for accommodating the energy storage device. When the energy storage device is placed in the aforementioned space 607a for charging or discharging, a large amount of heat is generated. To quickly dissipate the heat generated by the energy storage device, the housing 607 is provided with a plurality of heat dissipation holes 607a. The plurality of heat dissipation holes 607a are used to transfer heat from the housing 607 to the outside of the housing 607.

[0226] In some embodiments, the pull rod assembly 603 includes two parallel extension rods 6031 and a gripping rod 6032 connecting the two extension rods. The extension rods 6031 extend obliquely away from the energy storage device. In some embodiments, the extension rods 6031 are retractable or foldable to meet the user's storage needs.

[0227] In some embodiments, charging device 600 further includes a bottom support member 605. Bottom support member 605 is disposed on a side of the housing away from the wheels. When charging device 600 is placed on the ground, bottom support member 605 and wheels 604 jointly support charging device 600. When charging device 600 is pushed or pulled by a user and moved across the ground, bottom support member 605 is suspended in mid-air while wheels 604 support charging device 600. Specifically, the height of bottom support member 605 is greater than the radius of wheels 604.

[0228] In some embodiments, the housing 601 is symmetrically distributed about the middle plane 601 a , the pull rod assembly 603 and the wheel 604 are located on the same side of the middle plane 601 a , and the bottom support member 605 is located on the other side of the middle plane 601 a .

[0229] In some embodiments, see Figure 47 As shown, when the charging device 600 is resting on the ground 603b, the angle α formed by the first plane 603a formed by the pull rod assembly 603 and the ground 603b is greater than or equal to 75° and less than or equal to 90°. In some embodiments, the angle α formed by the first plane 603a formed by the pull rod assembly 603 and the ground 603b is greater than or equal to 75° and less than or equal to 85°. In some embodiments, the angle α formed by the first plane 603a formed by the pull rod assembly 603 and the ground 603b can be 80°. This makes it more convenient and labor-saving for users to push or pull the charging device.

[0230] In some embodiments, the distance between the two wheels 604 in the left-right direction is greater than or equal to one-half of the width of the housing 601 in the left-right direction. In some embodiments, the distance between the two wheels 604 in the left-right direction is greater than or equal to three-quarters of the width of the housing 601 in the left-right direction. In some embodiments, the distance between the two wheels 604 in the left-right direction is greater than or equal to the width of the housing 601 in the left-right direction.

[0231] In some embodiments, see Figure 49 and Figure 50 As shown, the pull rod assembly 603 includes two parallel extension rods 6031 and a gripping rod 6032 connecting the two extension rods. The extension rods 6031 extend along a first plane 603a, and the gripping rod 6032 extends along a second plane 603c. The angle β formed by the second plane 603c and the first plane 603a is greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than or equal to 45 degrees.

[0232] In some embodiments, the bottom support member 605 is removably mounted on the first mounting portion 600a of the housing 601, and the rod assembly 603 is removably mounted on the second mounting portion 600b of the housing 601. The first mounting portion 600a can also be used to mount the rod assembly 603, and the second mounting portion 600b can also be used to mount the bottom support member 605. This allows the user to easily remove or install the bottom support member 605 and the rod assembly 603 and swap their mounting positions when changing the placement of the charging device 600 for pushing or pulling, without having to remove the battery pack or disassemble the housing.

[0233] In some embodiments, the charging device includes a first charging device 610 and a second charging device 620. When the first charging device 610 and the second charging device 620 are stacked, the pull rod assembly 603 can be pushed and pulled by the user to facilitate the movement of the first charging device 610 and the second charging device 620. This can meet the user's placement requirements in different directions. In some embodiments, the pull rod assembly 603, wheels 604, and bottom support member 605 can all be detachably mounted to the housing 601. In some embodiments, the charging device includes a first charging device 610 and a second charging device 620. When the first charging device 610 and the second charging device 620 are stacked, the pull rod assembly can be pushed and pulled by the user to facilitate the movement of the first charging device 610 and the second charging device 620.

[0234] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of this application. Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments do not limit this application in any form, and any technical solutions obtained by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A charging system comprising a power conversion device and a plurality of power receiving devices connected in cascade, the charging system being configured to charge a battery pack electrically connected to the power receiving devices; The electric energy conversion device comprises: Controller; Power interface, used to connect to an external power source; a connection port for connecting the power receiving device; and a conversion circuit, electrically connected to the power interface and the connection port respectively; The electric energy receiving device comprises: Controller; an electric energy input port for connecting to the electric energy conversion device or another electric energy receiving device; and An electric energy output port, used for connecting to another electric energy receiving device; It is characterized by: The controller of the power conversion device and the controller of the power receiving device communicate with each other using a controller area network communication protocol.

2. The charging system according to claim 1, wherein: The power conversion device includes a wireless communication module configured to communicate with a remote device.

3. The charging system according to claim 1, wherein: The controller of the power conversion device is configured to record the identities of the multiple power receiving devices.

4. The charging system according to claim 1, wherein: After the power conversion device completes recording the identity identifications of the multiple power receiving devices, the power conversion device controls the power receiving devices to charge in the order of the identity identifications.

5. The charging system according to claim 2, wherein: The remote device sends instructions to the power conversion device through a wireless communication module, and the wireless communication module transmits the instructions to the power receiving device through a controller area network communication protocol.

6. The charging system according to claim 1, wherein: After the power conversion device completes recording the identities of the multiple power receiving devices, it controls the power receiving devices to charge based on instructions from a remote device.

7. The charging system according to claim 1, wherein: The power receiving device transmits information to the power conversion device through the controller local area network communication protocol, and the power conversion device reports it to the wireless communication module, and the relevant information is displayed on the remote device end.

8. The charging system according to claim 1, wherein: The charging system further includes a communication bus for realizing information exchange between the power conversion device and the power receiving device. The power conversion device is configured to poll information of the plurality of power receiving devices via the communication bus.

9. The charging system according to claim 8, characterized in that When the power conversion device detects that the charging system is connected to a new power receiving device during the polling process, the power conversion device is configured to wait for idle time and re-record the identities of the multiple power receiving devices connected in cascade.

10. The charging system according to claim 2, wherein: The remote device is configured to implement an OTA upgrade function for the power conversion device and the power receiving device through the wireless communication module and the controller area network communication protocol.

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