Self-powered multi-source energy acquisition and information synchronization integrated sensor and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-powered multi-source energy acquisition and information synchronization integrated sensor, which comprises a piezoelectric sensor, a TENG rotating speed sensor, a bearing and a cover top, the TENG rotating speed sensor comprises a base body, a friction ring and an aluminum electrode, the groove is formed in the base body, and the friction ring is arranged in the groove; the piezoelectric sensor comprises a turntable, a piezoelectric material layer and a circuit module, the aluminum electrode is fixedly connected to the side surface of the turntable, the piezoelectric material layer is arranged on the bottom surface of the turntable, and the circuit module is arranged at the bottom of the turntable; wherein the friction ring is used for generating triboelectric charges through triboelectrification with the rotating aluminum electrode, and the piezoelectric material layer is used for generating cutting force charges under the action of the pressure of the rotating disc. The circuit module is used for respectively converting the cutting force charge and the friction charge into cutting force voltage and friction voltage and sending the cutting force voltage and the friction voltage to an external calculation center to calculate the cutting force, the rotating speed, the rotating direction and the rotating angle of the milling cutter. In an industrial monitoring scene, wiring cost and maintenance workload are reduced, and energy waste is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of sensor technology, and in particular to a self-powered multi-source energy acquisition and information synchronization integrated sensor and method. Background Art

[0002] In today's era of rapid industrial development, sensors are key components for obtaining information about the operating status of milling cutter equipment. Their performance directly impacts the efficiency, quality, and safety of industrial production. However, existing sensor technology has limitations in many areas, making it difficult to meet growing industrial demands.

[0003] In terms of power supply, most traditional sensors rely on external power supplies or batteries, which creates a series of practical problems. For example, battery power supply is crucial for intelligent cutting tools. A large number of sensors require continuous power during operation. Frequent battery replacement not only consumes significant manpower and material resources but also leads to interruptions in monitoring data, impacting production continuity. For example, on automated production lines in automobile manufacturing plants, if battery power is used, the numerous sensors used to monitor component assembly accuracy can cost tens of thousands of yuan per month to replace the batteries alone. The replacement process also temporarily halts the production line, reducing productivity. Furthermore, battery performance is significantly affected by environmental factors. Extreme environments such as high temperatures, low temperatures, and humidity can significantly shorten battery life or even render it inoperable. While some sensors powered by traditional electromagnetic induction technology can generate electrical energy, they suffer from significant drawbacks. These sensors rely on a conductor coil cutting magnetic induction lines to generate electrical energy. To achieve sufficient induced electromotive force, the number of coil turns often needs to be increased, resulting in bulky and heavy equipment. This also generates significant heat and energy loss during the energy conversion process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to address the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a self-powered multi-source energy collection and information synchronization integrated sensor, comprising: a piezoelectric sensor, a TENG speed sensor, a bearing, and a cover. The TENG speed sensor is provided with a groove, the piezoelectric sensor is installed in the groove through the bearing, and the cover is fixed at the groove opening to limit the piezoelectric sensor in the groove.

[0005] The TENG speed sensor includes a substrate, a friction ring and an aluminum electrode. A groove is provided on the substrate, the friction ring is provided in the groove, and a first through hole is provided on the bottom surface of the groove.

[0006] The piezoelectric sensor includes a turntable, a piezoelectric material layer, and a circuit module. The aluminum electrode is fixed to the side of the turntable, the piezoelectric material layer is provided on the bottom surface of the turntable, and a circuit mounting groove is provided on the bottom of the turntable. The circuit module is installed in the circuit mounting groove. The turntable is provided with a second through hole. The tool handle passes through the top cover and the second through hole and is threadedly connected to the turntable. The turntable is installed in the friction ring through a bearing so that the turntable rotates in the friction ring under the drive of the tool handle. The milling cutter passes through the first through hole and is installed on the tool handle.

[0007] Among them, the aluminum electrode consists of two symmetrical structures. The friction ring is used to generate friction charges through friction electrification with the rotating aluminum electrode. The piezoelectric material layer is used to generate cutting force charges under the action of the turntable pressure. The circuit module is used to convert the cutting force charge and friction charge into cutting force voltage and friction voltage respectively and send them to the external computing center to calculate the cutting force, speed, rotation direction and rotation angle of the milling cutter.

[0008] Furthermore, a solar film is provided on the side of the substrate, and the solar film is used to provide electrical energy to the circuit module.

[0009] Furthermore, the circuit module includes a first charge amplifier circuit, a first rectifier and filter circuit, a second charge amplifier circuit, a second rectifier and filter circuit, a tank circuit, a single chip microcomputer and a radio frequency chip;

[0010] The first charge amplification circuit is used to convert the cutting force charge into a cutting force voltage, and the first rectification and filtering circuit is used to rectify and filter the cutting force voltage and then transmit it to the energy storage circuit;

[0011] The second charge amplification circuit is used to convert the friction charge into a friction voltage, and the second rectification and filtering circuit is used to rectify and filter the friction voltage and then transmit it to the energy storage circuit;

[0012] The energy storage circuit is used to convert the voltage generated by the solar film, the cutting force voltage and the friction voltage into electrical energy and store it for powering the first charge amplifier circuit, the second charge amplifier circuit, the single chip microcomputer and the radio frequency chip;

[0013] The single-chip microcomputer is used to collect the cutting force voltage after rectification and filtering by the first rectification and filtering circuit and the friction voltage after rectification and filtering by the second rectification and filtering circuit, and send the cutting force voltage and friction voltage to an external computing center through a radio frequency chip to calculate the cutting force, speed, rotation direction and rotation angle of the milling cutter.

[0014] Furthermore, the first charge amplification circuit includes a resistor R1, a capacitor C1, a resistor R2 and an operational amplifier O1, the capacitor C1, the resistor R1 and the operational amplifier O1 together constitute a first integrator, and the capacitor C1 and the resistor R2 constitute a first feedback network;

[0015] Resistor R1 provides a current path from the input end to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier O1 for the cutting force charge Q1, and cooperates with R2 in the feedback network to provide a DC bias path for the operational amplifier O1. At the same time, it and capacitor C1 jointly determine the high-frequency filter cutoff voltage frequency of the first integrator.

[0016] Capacitor C1 is used as the integrating capacitor of the first integrator to convert the cutting force charge Q1 into the cutting force voltage. Capacitor C1 is also connected in parallel with resistor R2 to form an RC low-pass filter to jointly determine the low-frequency cutoff voltage frequency of the first integrator. At the same time, capacitor C1 blocks the DC component and only transmits the change of cutting force charge Q1;

[0017] The resistor R2 is used to provide a DC discharge path for the capacitor C1 and to discharge the capacitor C1 when the voltage frequency f of the resistor R2 is less than the low-frequency cut-off voltage frequency f of the first integrator. low When the impedance of capacitor C1 is less than that of resistor R2, the integrator gain is limited. The first integrator gain is

[0018] Operational amplifier O1 is used to convert the input cutting force charge Q1 into cutting force voltage t is time;

[0019] The second charge amplification circuit includes a resistor R3, a capacitor C6, a resistor R4 and an operational amplifier O2, wherein the capacitor C6, the resistor R3 and the operational amplifier O2 together constitute a second integrator, and the capacitor C6 and the resistor R4 constitute a second feedback network;

[0020] Resistor R3 provides a current path from the input terminal to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier O2 for the friction charge Q2, and cooperates with R4 in the feedback network to provide a DC bias path for the operational amplifier O2. At the same time, it and capacitor C6 jointly determine the high-frequency filter cutoff voltage frequency of the second integrator.

[0021] Capacitor C6 is used as the integrating capacitor of the second integrator to convert the cutting force charge Q1 into the cutting force voltage. Capacitor C6 is also connected in parallel with resistor R4 to form an RC low-pass filter to jointly determine the low-frequency cutoff voltage frequency of the second integrator. At the same time, capacitor C6 blocks the DC component and only transmits the change of friction charge Q2;

[0022] The resistor R4 is used to provide a DC discharge path for the capacitor C6 and to discharge the capacitor C6 when the voltage frequency f′ of the resistor R4 is less than the low-frequency cut-off voltage frequency f′ of the second integrator. low When the impedance of capacitor C6 is less than that of resistor R4, the gain of the second integrator is limited.

[0023] Operational amplifier O2 is used to convert the input friction charge Q2 into cutting force voltage t is time.

[0024] Furthermore, the first rectification and filtering circuit includes a diode D1, a diode D2, a diode D3, a diode D4, a diode D5 and a capacitor C2;

[0025] Diode D1, diode D2, diode D3, and diode D4 form a bridge rectifier circuit for rectifying the input alternating current of the cutting force voltage into direct current;

[0026] Diode D5 is used to protect the circuit from reverse voltage;

[0027] Capacitor C2 is used to filter the cutting force voltage after it is converted into DC;

[0028] The second rectifier and filter circuit includes a diode D7, a diode D8, a diode D9, a diode D10, a diode D11 and a capacitor C7;

[0029] Diode D7, diode D8, diode D9, and diode D10 form a bridge rectifier circuit for rectifying the input friction voltage AC into DC;

[0030] Diode D11 is used to protect the circuit from reverse voltage;

[0031] Capacitor C7 is used to filter the friction voltage after it is converted into direct current.

[0032] Further, the energy storage circuit includes a diode D6, a transient voltage suppressor diode DTVS, a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a capacitor C5 and a voltage regulator;

[0033] Diode D6 is used to protect the circuit from reverse voltage;

[0034] The transient suppression diode DTVS is used to protect the capacitor C3 from transient voltage shock;

[0035] Capacitor C3 is used to store the voltage generated by the sun, the cutting force voltage after rectification and filtering, and the friction voltage after rectification and filtering;

[0036] The voltage regulator LDO is used to convert the output voltage of the capacitor C3 into a stable specified voltage for powering the first charge amplifier circuit, the second charge amplifier circuit, the single chip microcomputer and the radio frequency chip;

[0037] Capacitor C4 is used to stabilize the output voltage of the regulator LDO and suppress low-frequency ripple;

[0038] Capacitor C5 is used to absorb high-frequency noise of the regulator LDO output voltage and maintain signal integrity.

[0039] Furthermore, in the first charge amplification circuit, the cutting force charge input terminal Q1 is connected to one end of the resistor R1, the capacitor C1, and the resistor R2, respectively; the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier O1; the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier O1; the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier O1; the output terminal of the operational amplifier O1 outputs the cutting force voltage; the positive power supply terminal of the operational amplifier O1 is connected to the output terminal of the voltage regulator LDO; the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier O1 is grounded; and the negative power supply terminal of the operational amplifier O1 is grounded;

[0040] In the second charge amplification circuit, the friction charge input terminal Q2 is connected to one end of the resistor R3, the capacitor C6 and the resistor R4 respectively, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier O2, the other end of the capacitor C6 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier O2, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier O2, the positive power supply terminal of the operational amplifier O2 is connected to the output terminal of the voltage regulator LDO, the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier O2 is grounded, and the negative power supply terminal of the operational amplifier O2 is grounded.

[0041] Furthermore, in the first rectifier and filter circuit, the output end of the operational amplifier O1 is respectively connected to the cathode of the diode D2 and the anode of the diode D4, the anode of the diode D2 is respectively connected to the anode of the diode D1 and one end of the capacitor C2, the cathode of the diode D1 is respectively grounded and connected to the anode of the diode D3, the cathode of the diode D3 is respectively connected to the other end of the capacitor C2 and the cathode of the diode D4, the other end of the capacitor C2 is also connected to the first ADC pin VADC1 of the single-chip microcomputer to transmit the rectified and filtered cutting force voltage to the single-chip microcomputer, and the other end of the capacitor C2 is also connected to the anode of the diode D5;

[0042] In the second rectification and filtering circuit, the output end of the operational amplifier O2 is respectively connected to the cathode of the diode D8 and the anode of the diode D10, the anode of the diode D8 is respectively connected to the anode of the diode D7 and one end of the capacitor C7, the cathode of the diode D7 is respectively grounded and connected to the anode of the diode D9, the cathode of the diode D9 is respectively connected to the other end of the capacitor C7 and the cathode of the diode D10, the other end of the capacitor C7 is also connected to the second ADC pin VADC2 of the microcontroller to transmit the friction voltage after rectification and filtering to the microcontroller, and the other end of the capacitor C7 is also connected to the anode of the diode D11.

[0043] Furthermore, in the energy storage circuit, the output voltage of the solar film is connected to one end of the capacitor C3 through the diode D6 via the Vp port. At the same time, the cathode of the diode D5 in the first rectifier and filter circuit and the cathode of the diode D11 in the second rectifier and filter circuit are also connected to one end of the capacitor C3. One end of the capacitor C3 is also connected to the input pin of the voltage regulator LDO, and the other end of the capacitor C3 is grounded. The two ends of the transient suppression diode DTVS are connected to the two ends of the capacitor C3, and the output pin of the voltage regulator LDO is connected to the power input pin of the microcontroller. The voltage regulator LDO is a forward low voltage regulator. One end of the capacitor C4 is connected to the input pin of the voltage regulator LDO, and the other end of the capacitor C4 is grounded. One end of the capacitor C5 is connected to the output pin of the voltage regulator LDO, and the other end of the capacitor C5 is grounded. The ground pin of the voltage regulator LDO is grounded.

[0044] A method for using a self-powered multi-source energy collection and information synchronization integrated sensor, comprising:

[0045] The self-powered multi-source energy harvesting and information synchronization integrated sensor is mounted on the milling cutter through the second through-hole and the first through-hole. Electric energy generated by the solar film is input through the Vp port and stored in the capacitor C3 of the energy storage circuit to provide initial working energy for the operational amplifier O1 and the operational amplifier O2. When the milling cutter is working, the piezoelectric sensor and the TENG speed sensor generate cutting force charge and friction charge respectively. The cutting force charge is input into the first charge amplification circuit through the Q1 port of the circuit module, and the friction charge is input into the second charge amplification circuit through the Q2 port of the circuit module.

[0046] In the first charge amplification circuit, the cutting force charge is converted into a cutting force voltage through the operational amplifier O1, and at the same time, the capacitor C1 and R2 are connected in parallel to form an RC low-pass filter structure to filter the cutting force voltage, and the filtered cutting force voltage is input into the first rectifier filter circuit; in the second charge amplification circuit, the friction charge is converted into a friction voltage through the operational amplifier O2, and at the same time, the capacitor C6 and R4 are connected in parallel to form an RC low-pass filter structure to filter the friction voltage, and the filtered friction voltage is input into the second rectifier filter circuit;

[0047] In the first rectification and filtering circuit, the bridge rectifier circuit composed of D1, D2, D3, and D4 rectifies the filtered cutting force voltage, and at the same time, the capacitor C2 filters the rectified cutting force voltage to obtain the rectified and filtered cutting force voltage and input it into the energy storage circuit for storage; in the second rectification and filtering circuit, the bridge rectifier circuit composed of D7, D8, D9, and D10 rectifies the filtered friction voltage, and at the same time, the capacitor C7 filters the rectified friction voltage to obtain the rectified and filtered friction voltage and input it into the energy storage circuit for storage;

[0048] In addition to powering operational amplifiers O1 and O2, capacitor C3 in the energy storage circuit also powers the microcontroller and RF chip. Before powering, the voltage output by capacitor C3 is subjected to voltage spike absorption and transient overvoltage protection by the transient suppression diode DTVS. The voltage output by capacitor C3 is then output to the voltage regulator LDO, which stabilizes the voltage output by capacitor C3 to a specified voltage before supplying power.

[0049] The single chip collects the cutting force voltage V after rectification and filtering through the first ADC pin VADC1 ADC1 The single chip microcomputer collects the friction voltage V after rectification and filtering through the second ADC pin VADC2 ADC2 The rectified and filtered cutting force voltage and rectified and filtered friction voltage are transmitted to the external computing center through the radio frequency chip. The calculation formulas for the cutting force, speed, rotation direction and rotation angle of the milling cutter are as follows:

[0050]

[0051] V ADC1 =V 切 -V 降1

[0052] Among them, F 切 is the cutting force of the milling cutter, Q1 is the cutting force charge, V 切 is the cutting force voltage output by operational amplifier O1, V 降1 is the cutting force voltage V output by operational amplifier O1 切 The voltage drop generated by the bridge rectifier circuit composed of D1, D2, D3, and D4, d is the piezoelectric coefficient of the piezoelectric material layer;

[0053]

[0054] V ADC2 =V 摩 -V 降2

[0055] θ=ωt

[0056] Among them, V ω is the speed of the milling cutter, t is the time, n is the number of voltage signal pulses within the time t, V 摩 V is the friction voltage output by operational amplifier O2. 降2 V is the friction voltage output by operational amplifier O2 摩 The voltage drop generated by the bridge rectifier circuit composed of D7, D8, D9, and D10 is V m V 摩 The voltage amplitude, ω is V 摩 angular frequency; V摩 Phase, when the phase difference The milling cutter rotates forward, when the phase difference The milling cutter rotates in reverse; θ is the rotation angle of the milling cutter.

[0057] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0058] 1. This invention utilizes a hybrid TENG and solar energy power supply structure. In a passive environment, it can continuously collect mechanical energy and solar energy and convert them into electrical energy, providing stable power for sensors and enabling long-term autonomous operation. In industrial monitoring scenarios, this eliminates the need for external power sources, reducing wiring costs and maintenance workload, effectively improving energy conversion and storage efficiency, and reducing energy waste.

[0059] 2. The circuit module utilizes a full-link design encompassing charge amplification, rectification and filtering, energy reuse, and wireless transmission to achieve multi-dimensional perception and highly reliable monitoring of the milling cutter's cutting state. This design is suitable for industrial machine tools, intelligent manufacturing, and other scenarios, demonstrating high engineering practicality and scalability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the split structure of the self-powered multi-source energy collection and information synchronization integrated sensor of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 2 This is another schematic diagram of the split structure of the self-powered multi-source energy collection and information synchronization integrated sensor of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 3 A longitudinal cross-sectional view of the self-powered multi-source energy collection and information synchronization integrated sensor of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 4 This is a circuit module diagram of the circuit module of the self-powered multi-source energy collection and information synchronization integrated sensor of the present invention, in which the solid line is the power supply line and the dotted line is the communication line;

[0064] Figure 5 This is a circuit schematic diagram of the first charge amplifier circuit, second charge amplifier circuit, first rectifier and filter circuit, second rectifier and filter circuit, and energy storage circuit of the self-powered multi-source energy collection and information synchronization integrated sensor of the present invention.

[0065] Figure markings: 1-piezoelectric sensor; 11-turntable; 111-circuit mounting slot; 12-second through hole; 13-piezoelectric material layer; 14-circuit module; 141-first charge amplifier circuit; 142-first rectifier and filter circuit; 143-second charge amplifier circuit; 144-second rectifier and filter circuit; 145-energy storage circuit; 146-single-chip microcomputer; 147-RF chip; 2-TENG speed sensor; 21-groove; 22-friction ring; 23 first through hole; 24-substrate; 25-aluminum electrode; 3 cover; 4-handle; 5-solar film. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by this application more clearly understood, this application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0067] Example 1

[0068] like Figure 1-3 As shown, a self-powered multi-source energy harvesting and information synchronization integrated sensor includes: a piezoelectric sensor 1, a TENG speed sensor 2, a bearing 6, and a cover 3. The TENG speed sensor 2 is provided with a groove 21, and the piezoelectric sensor 1 is installed in the groove 21 through the bearing 6. The cover 3 is fixed at the opening of the groove 21 to limit the piezoelectric sensor 1 in the groove 21.

[0069] The TENG speed sensor 2 includes a substrate 24, a friction ring 22, and an aluminum electrode 25. A groove 21 is provided on the substrate 24, the friction ring 22 is provided in the groove 21, and a first through hole 23 is provided on the bottom surface of the groove 21.

[0070] The piezoelectric sensor 1 includes a turntable 11, a piezoelectric material layer 13, and a circuit module 14. An aluminum electrode 25 is fixed to the side of the turntable 11. The piezoelectric material layer 13 is provided on the bottom surface of the turntable 11. A circuit mounting groove 111 is also provided at the bottom of the turntable 11. The circuit module 14 is installed in the circuit mounting groove 111. The turntable 11 is provided with a second through hole 12. The tool handle 4 passes through the top cover 3 and the second through hole 12 and is threadedly connected to the turntable 11. The turntable 11 is installed in the friction ring 22 via a bearing 6 so that the turntable 11 rotates in the friction ring 22 driven by the tool handle 4. The milling cutter is installed on the tool handle 4 through the first through hole 23.

[0071] Among them, the aluminum electrode 25 is composed of two symmetrical U-shaped structures, the friction ring 22 is used to generate friction charges through friction electrification with the rotating aluminum electrode 25, the piezoelectric material layer 13 is used to generate cutting force charges under the action of the pressure of the turntable 11, and the circuit module 14 is used to convert the cutting force charges and friction charges into cutting force voltages and friction voltages respectively and send them to an external computing center to calculate the cutting force, rotation speed, rotation direction and rotation angle of the milling cutter.

[0072] A solar film 5 is also provided on the side of the base 24 , and the solar film 5 is used to provide electrical energy to the circuit module 14 .

[0073] The piezoelectric material layer 13 of the piezoelectric sensor 1 is a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric crystal array. The sensitivity of the piezoelectric sensor 1 is ≥0.5V / N. The friction ring 22 of the TENG speed sensor 2 is a fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP) friction ring, which forms a non-contact triboelectric pair with the aluminum electrode 25 with a spacing of ≤50μm. The speed accuracy measured by the TENG speed sensor 2 is ±1RPM. Figure 1 As shown, the aluminum electrode 25 is composed of two symmetrically arranged U-shaped structures. The symmetrical layout offsets the vibration caused by centrifugal force and ensures the stability of the sensor under high-speed rotation. In addition, the phase difference design of the U-shaped structure can be achieved through the phase difference of the friction voltage waveform. Determine forward and reverse rotation. For example, when rotating forward, the left electrode contacts the friction ring first, and when rotating reversely, the right electrode contacts first. When the milling cutter rotates, the aluminum electrode (conductor) and the friction ring (FEP insulator) generate friction charges through contact and separation. Charges accumulate periodically on the surface of the aluminum electrode. The aluminum electrode 25 is directly connected to the Q2 input terminal of the circuit module through an internal wire. The friction charges enter the second charge amplifier circuit (operational amplifier O2) through Q2 and are converted into voltage signals after integration and filtering. When the turntable is subjected to cutting force, the piezoelectric material layer (such as PZT) deforms, generating a charge (Q1) proportional to the pressure. The upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric material layer are coated with conductive layers (such as silver electrodes), which serve as charge collection terminals respectively. The electrodes of the piezoelectric material layer 13 are connected to the Q1 input terminal of the circuit module through the conductive path inside the turntable. The cutting force charge enters the first charge amplifier circuit (operational amplifier O1) through Q1, is converted into a voltage signal and further processed.

[0074] like Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the circuit module 14 includes a first charge amplifier circuit 141, a first rectifier and filter circuit 142, a second charge amplifier circuit 143, a second rectifier and filter circuit 144, a tank circuit 145, a single-chip microcomputer 146 and a radio frequency chip 147; the first charge amplifier circuit 141 is used to convert the cutting force charge into a cutting force voltage, and the first rectifier and filter circuit 142 is used to rectify and filter the cutting force voltage and transmit it to the tank circuit 145; the second charge amplifier circuit 143 is used to convert the friction charge into a friction voltage, and the second rectifier and filter circuit 144 is used to convert the friction charge into a friction voltage. Used to rectify and filter the friction voltage and then transmit it to the energy storage circuit 145; the energy storage circuit 145 is used to convert the voltage, cutting force voltage and friction voltage generated by the solar film 5 into electrical energy and store it for powering the first charge amplifier circuit 141, the second charge amplifier circuit 143, the single-chip microcomputer 146 and the radio frequency chip 147; the single-chip microcomputer 146 is used to collect the cutting force voltage and friction voltage, and send the cutting force voltage and friction voltage to the external computing center through the radio frequency chip 147 to calculate the cutting force, rotation speed, rotation direction and rotation angle of the milling cutter.

[0075] The first charge amplifier circuit 141 includes a resistor R1, a capacitor C1, a resistor R2 and an operational amplifier O1. The capacitor C1, the resistor R1 and the operational amplifier O1 together constitute a first integrator, and the capacitor C1 and the resistor R2 constitute a first feedback network; the resistor R1 provides a current path from the input end to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier O1 for the cutting force charge Q1, and cooperates with R2 in the feedback network to provide a DC bias path for the operational amplifier O1, and at the same time, together with the capacitor C1, determines the high-frequency filter cutoff voltage frequency of the first integrator Capacitor C1 is used as the integrating capacitor of the first integrator to convert the cutting force charge Q1 into the cutting force voltage. Capacitor C1 is also connected in parallel with resistor R2 to form an RC low-pass filter to jointly determine the low-frequency cutoff voltage frequency of the first integrator. At the same time, capacitor C1 blocks the DC component and only transmits the change of cutting force charge Q1; resistor R2 is used to provide a DC discharge path for capacitor C1 and when the voltage frequency f of resistor R2 is less than the low-frequency cutoff voltage frequency f of the first integrator, low When the impedance of capacitor C1 is less than that of resistor R2, the integrator gain is limited. The first integrator gain is Operational amplifier O1 is used to convert the input cutting force charge Q1 into cutting force voltage t is time; the second charge amplification circuit 143 includes a resistor R3, a capacitor C6, a resistor R4 and an operational amplifier O2. The capacitor C6, the resistor R3 and the operational amplifier O2 together constitute a second integrator, and the capacitor C6 and the resistor R4 constitute a second feedback network; the resistor R3 provides a current path from the input end to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier O2 for the friction charge Q2, and cooperates with R4 in the feedback network to provide a DC bias path for the operational amplifier O2. At the same time, together with the capacitor C6, it determines the high-frequency filter cutoff voltage frequency of the second integrator. Capacitor C6 is used as the integrating capacitor of the second integrator to convert the cutting force charge Q1 into the cutting force voltage. Capacitor C6 is also connected in parallel with resistor R4 to form an RC low-pass filter to jointly determine the low-frequency cutoff voltage frequency of the second integrator. At the same time, capacitor C6 blocks the DC component and only transmits the change of friction charge Q2; resistor R4 is used to provide a DC discharge path for capacitor C6, and when the voltage frequency f' of the current resistor R4 is less than the low-frequency cut-off voltage frequency f' of the second integrator low When the impedance of capacitor C6 is less than that of resistor R4, the gain of the second integrator is limited. Operational amplifier O2 is used to convert the input friction charge Q2 into cutting force voltage t is time. In the first charge amplifier circuit 141, the cutting force charge input terminal Q1 is respectively connected to one end of the resistor R1, the capacitor C1 and the resistor R2, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier O1, the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier O1, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier O1, the output terminal of the operational amplifier O1 outputs the cutting force voltage, the positive power supply terminal of the operational amplifier O1 is connected to the output terminal of the voltage regulator LDO, the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier O1 is grounded, and the negative power supply terminal of the operational amplifier O1 is grounded; in the second charge amplifier circuit 143, the friction charge input terminal Q2 is respectively connected to one end of the resistor R3, the capacitor C6 and the resistor R4, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier O2, the other end of the capacitor C6 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier O2, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier O2, the positive power supply terminal of the operational amplifier O2 is connected to the output terminal of the voltage regulator LDO, the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier O2 is grounded, and the negative power supply terminal of the operational amplifier O2 is grounded.

[0076] The first rectifier and filter circuit 142 includes a diode D1, a diode D2, a diode D3, a diode D4, a diode D5 and a capacitor C2; the diode D1, the diode D2, the diode D3 and the diode D4 constitute a bridge rectifier circuit, which is used to rectify the input alternating current of the cutting force voltage into direct current; the diode D5 is used to protect the circuit to prevent reverse voltage; the capacitor C2 is used to filter the cutting force voltage after conversion to direct current; the second rectifier and filter circuit 144 includes a diode D7, a diode D8, a diode D9, a diode D10, a diode D11 and a capacitor C7; the diode D7, the diode D8, the diode D9 and the diode D10 constitute a bridge rectifier circuit, which is used to rectify the input alternating current of the friction voltage into direct current; the diode D11 is used to protect the circuit to prevent reverse voltage; the capacitor C7 is used to filter the friction voltage after conversion to direct current. In the first rectification and filtering circuit 142, the output end of the operational amplifier O1 is respectively connected to the cathode of the diode D2 and the anode of the diode D4, the anode of the diode D2 is respectively connected to the anode of the diode D1 and one end of the capacitor C2, the cathode of the diode D1 is respectively grounded and connected to the anode of the diode D3, the cathode of the diode D3 is respectively connected to the other end of the capacitor C2 and the cathode of the diode D4, the other end of the capacitor C2 is also connected to the first ADC pin VADC1 of the single-chip microcomputer 146 to transmit the cutting force voltage after rectification and filtering to the single-chip microcomputer 146, and the other end of the capacitor C2 is also connected to the anode of the diode D5; In the second rectifier and filter circuit 144, the output end of the operational amplifier O2 is respectively connected to the cathode of the diode D8 and the anode of the diode D10, the anode of the diode D8 is respectively connected to the anode of the diode D7 and one end of the capacitor C7, the cathode of the diode D7 is respectively grounded and connected to the anode of the diode D9, the cathode of the diode D9 is respectively connected to the other end of the capacitor C7 and the cathode of the diode D10, the other end of the capacitor C7 is also connected to the second ADC pin VADC2 of the microcontroller 146 to transmit the friction voltage after rectification and filtering to the microcontroller 146, and the other end of the capacitor C7 is also connected to the anode of the diode D11.

[0077] The energy storage circuit 145 includes a diode D6, a transient suppression diode DTVS, a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a capacitor C5 and a voltage regulator; the diode D6 is used to protect the circuit to prevent reverse voltage; the transient suppression diode DTVS is used to protect the capacitor C3 from the impact of transient voltage; the capacitor C3 is used to store the voltage generated by the sun, the cutting force voltage after rectification and filtering, and the friction voltage after rectification and filtering; the voltage regulator LDO is used to convert the output voltage of the capacitor C3 into a stable specified voltage for powering the first charge amplifier circuit 141, the second charge amplifier circuit 143, the microcontroller 146 and the RF chip 147; the capacitor C4 is used to stabilize the output voltage of the voltage regulator LDO and suppress low-frequency ripple; the capacitor C5 is used to absorb the high-frequency noise of the output voltage of the voltage regulator LDO and maintain signal integrity. In the energy storage circuit 145, the output voltage of the solar film 5 is connected to one end of the capacitor C3 through the Vp port through the diode D6. At the same time, the cathode of the diode D5 in the first rectifier and filter circuit 142 and the cathode of the diode D11 in the second rectifier and filter circuit 144 are also connected to one end of the capacitor C3. One end of the capacitor C3 is also connected to the input pin of the voltage regulator LDO, and the other end of the capacitor C3 is grounded. The two ends of the transient suppression diode DTVS are connected to the two ends of the capacitor C3. The output pin of the voltage regulator LDO is connected to the power input pin of the microcontroller 146. The voltage regulator LDO is a forward low voltage regulator. One end of the capacitor C4 is connected to the input pin of the voltage regulator LDO, and the other end of the capacitor C4 is grounded. One end of the capacitor C5 is connected to the output pin of the voltage regulator LDO, and the other end of the capacitor C5 is grounded. The ground pin of the voltage regulator LDO is grounded.

[0078] The preferred low-dropout voltage regulator is the AMS AMS1117-3.3V, with an input ≥4.75V and an output of 3.3V. The preferred microcontroller is the Texas Instruments MSP430FR2355, with an operating voltage range of 1.8V–3.6V. The preferred RF chip is the Texas Instruments CC1101, with an operating voltage range of 1.8V–3.6V. A transient voltage suppressor (DTVS) diode, such as the SMAJ5.0A, is used. When a voltage spike, such as ESD, lightning strikes, or inductive load kickback, is detected at the input Vp or after the rectifier bridge, the DTVS has a fast turn-on response time of <1ns, clamping the voltage to a safe value, such as 6.4V, to prevent overvoltage damage to subsequent circuits. It also directs transient energy to GND via a low-impedance path, providing dual protection with the rectifier bridges D1-D4, preventing overvoltage damage to the AM51117-3.3V chip. When the input voltage of capacitor C3 exceeds 6.4V, the DTVS clamps the voltage to 6.4V and discharges current. The LDO input is limited to 6.4V, and the output is stabilized at 3.3V, preventing overvoltage damage. When the input voltage is between 4.75V and 6.4V, the DTVS does not operate, and the LDO output remains stable at 3.3V. When the input voltage is less than 4.75V, the DTVS does not operate, and the LDO output drops. This situation generally does not occur because the input voltage can be kept above 4.75V by properly designing the parameters of the solar film 5, piezoelectric sensor 1, TENG speed sensor 2, and capacitor C3. For example, setting the capacitance of capacitor C3 to 220μF or higher increases the power of the solar film 5, ensuring an output of ≥5V even on cloudy days. Operational amplifiers O1 and O2 are low-voltage single-supply op amps, such as the LMV321 (TI) or MCP6001 (Microchip). In summary, the DTVS and LDO work together to achieve full-link protection from transient high-voltage suppression to precise voltage regulation, ensuring that the MSP430FR2355 and CC1101 operate within the safe 3.3V range.

[0079] The first charge amplifier circuit 141 and the second charge amplifier circuit 143 convert the cutting force charge (piezoelectric effect) and friction charge (TENG effect) into voltage signals. Through the low-pass filter structure of the capacitor and resistor in parallel (C1+R2, C6+R4), high-frequency noise (such as mechanical vibration noise, electromagnetic interference) is filtered out to ensure the accuracy of subsequent rectification and calculation. When passing through the bridge rectifier (D1-D4, D7-D10) and the filter capacitor (C2, C7), the AC charge signal is converted into a DC voltage signal, and the ripple is further smoothed to meet the requirements of precision measurement. The energy storage capacitor C3 is charged by the rectified cutting force and friction voltage, and at the same time supplies power to the operational amplifier O1, operational amplifier O2, microcontroller (MSP430FR2355) and radio frequency chip (CC1101), realizing energy self-circulation. The LDO (AMS1117-3.3V) and transient voltage suppressor (TVS) diode (DTV5) work together: the LDO stabilizes the voltage across C3 at 3.3V, ensuring that the MCU and RF chip operate within the rated voltage and avoid overvoltage damage. The DTV5 clamps input spike voltages (such as those caused by ESD and inductive load kickback) to a safe value (for example, 6.4V), protecting the LDO and subsequent circuits.

[0080] Example 2

[0081] A method for using a self-powered multi-source energy collection and information synchronization integrated sensor, comprising:

[0082] The self-powered multi-source energy collection and information synchronization integrated sensor is mounted on the milling cutter through the second through hole 12 and the first through hole 23. The electric energy generated by the solar film 5 is input through the Vp port and stored in the capacitor C3 of the energy storage circuit 145 to provide initial working electric energy for the operational amplifier O1 and the operational amplifier O2. When the milling cutter is working, the piezoelectric sensor 1 and the TENG speed sensor 2 generate cutting force charge and friction charge respectively. The cutting force charge is input into the first charge amplifier circuit 141 through the Q1 port of the circuit module 14, and the friction charge is input into the second charge amplifier circuit 143 through the Q2 port of the circuit module 14.

[0083] In the first charge amplification circuit 141, the cutting force charge is converted into a cutting force voltage through the operational amplifier O1. At the same time, the capacitors C1 and R2 are connected in parallel to form an RC low-pass filter structure to filter the cutting force voltage. The filtered cutting force voltage is input into the first rectifier filter circuit 142. In the second charge amplification circuit 143, the friction charge is converted into a friction voltage through the operational amplifier O2. At the same time, the capacitors C6 and R4 are connected in parallel to form an RC low-pass filter structure to filter the friction voltage. The filtered friction voltage is input into the second rectifier filter circuit 144.

[0084] The bridge rectifier circuit composed of D1, D2, D3, and D4 in the first rectifier and filter circuit 142 rectifies the filtered cutting force voltage, and the capacitor C2 filters the rectified cutting force voltage to obtain the rectified and filtered cutting force voltage and inputs it into the energy storage circuit 145 for storage. The bridge rectifier circuit composed of D7, D8, D9, and D10 in the second rectifier and filter circuit 144 rectifies the filtered friction voltage, and the capacitor C7 filters the rectified friction voltage to obtain the rectified and filtered friction voltage and inputs it into the energy storage circuit 145 for storage.

[0085] In addition to powering operational amplifiers O1 and O2, capacitor C3 in energy storage circuit 145 also powers microcontroller 146 and RF chip 147. Before powering, the voltage output by capacitor C3 is subjected to voltage spike absorption and transient overvoltage protection by transient suppressor diode DTVS. The voltage output by capacitor C3 is then output to a voltage regulator LDO, which stabilizes the voltage output by capacitor C3 to a specified voltage before supplying power.

[0086] The single chip microcomputer 146 collects the cutting force voltage V after rectification and filtering through the first ADC pin VADC1. ADC1 The single chip microcomputer 146 collects the friction voltage V after rectification and filtering through the second ADC pin VADC2 ADC2 The cutting force voltage and the friction voltage after rectification and filtering are transmitted to the external computing center through the radio frequency chip 147. The calculation formulas of the cutting force, speed, rotation direction and rotation angle of the milling cutter are as follows:

[0087]

[0088] V ADC1 =V 切 -V 降1

[0089] Among them, F 切 is the cutting force of the milling cutter, Q1 is the cutting force charge, V 切 is the cutting force voltage output by operational amplifier O1, V 降1 is the cutting force voltage V output by operational amplifier O1 切 The voltage drop generated by the bridge rectifier circuit composed of D1, D2, D3, and D4, d is the piezoelectric coefficient of the piezoelectric material layer 13;

[0090]

[0091] V ADC2 =V 摩 -V 降2

[0092] θ=ωt

[0093] Among them, V ω is the speed of the milling cutter, t is the time, n is the number of voltage signal pulses within the time t, V 摩 V is the friction voltage output by operational amplifier O2. 降2 V is the friction voltage output by operational amplifier O2 摩 The voltage drop generated by the bridge rectifier circuit composed of D7, D8, D9, and D10 is V m V 摩 The voltage amplitude, ω is V 摩 angular frequency; V 摩 Phase, when the phase difference When the milling cutter rotates forward, the phase difference The milling cutter rotates in reverse; θ is the rotation angle of the milling cutter.

[0094] Compensate the diode voltage drop V by firmware 降1 、V 降2 , V 降1 、V 降2 The diode parameters of the bridge rectifier circuit are determined to eliminate hardware nonlinear errors. The diodes (D1-D4, D7-D10) of the bridge rectifier circuit are preferably low-voltage Schottky diodes, which can reduce V 降1 、V 降2 loss.

[0095] This circuit has a modular design, and the cutting force and friction signal processing paths are completely independent. When replacing the piezoelectric or TENG sensor, it is only necessary to adjust the C1, R2 or C6, R4 parameters of the corresponding charge amplifier, or to add a third signal chain (such as temperature sensing) and reuse the existing circuit.

[0096] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present application, and should all be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A self-powered multi-source energy collection and information synchronization integrated sensor, characterized in that: include: A piezoelectric sensor (1), a TENG speed sensor (2), a bearing (6), and a cover (3), wherein the TENG speed sensor (2) is provided with a groove (21), the piezoelectric sensor (1) is installed in the groove (21) via the bearing (6), and the cover (3) is fixed at the opening of the groove (21) to limit the piezoelectric sensor (1) in the groove (21); The TENG rotation speed sensor (2) comprises a base (24), a friction ring (22) and an aluminum electrode (25); a groove (21) is provided on the base (24); the friction ring (22) is provided in the groove (21); and a first through hole (23) is provided on the bottom surface of the groove (21); The piezoelectric sensor (1) comprises a turntable (11), a piezoelectric material layer (13), and a circuit module (14); an aluminum electrode (25) is fixed to the side of the turntable (11); the piezoelectric material layer (13) is arranged on the bottom surface of the turntable (11); a circuit installation groove (111) is further provided at the bottom of the turntable (11); the circuit module (14) is installed in the circuit installation groove (111); the turntable (11) is provided with a second through hole (12); the tool handle (4) passes through the cover top (3) and the second through hole (12) and is threadedly connected to the turntable (11); the turntable (11) is installed in the friction ring (22) through a bearing (6) so that the turntable (11) rotates in the friction ring (22) driven by the tool handle (4); and the milling cutter passes through the first through hole (23) and is installed on the tool handle (4); The aluminum electrode (25) is composed of two symmetrical structures, the friction ring (22) is used to generate friction charges by friction electrification with the rotating aluminum electrode (25), the piezoelectric material layer (13) is used to generate cutting force charges under the action of the pressure of the turntable (11), and the circuit module (14) is used to convert the cutting force charges and the friction charges into cutting force voltage and friction voltage respectively and send them to an external computing center to calculate the cutting force, rotation speed, rotation direction and rotation angle of the milling cutter.

2. The self-powered multi-source energy collection and information synchronization integrated sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A solar film (5) is also provided on the side of the base (24), and the solar film (5) is used to provide electric energy to the circuit module (14).

3. The self-powered multi-source energy collection and information synchronization integrated sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The circuit module (14) includes a first charge amplifier circuit (141), a first rectifier filter circuit (142), a second charge amplifier circuit (143), a second rectifier filter circuit (144), an energy storage circuit (145), a single chip microcomputer (146), and a radio frequency chip (147); The first charge amplification circuit (141) is used to convert the cutting force charge into a cutting force voltage, and the first rectification and filtering circuit (142) is used to rectify and filter the cutting force voltage and then transmit it to the energy storage circuit (145); The second charge amplification circuit (143) is used to convert the friction charge into a friction voltage, and the second rectification and filtering circuit (144) is used to rectify and filter the friction voltage and then transmit it to the energy storage circuit (145); The energy storage circuit (145) is used to convert the voltage, cutting force voltage and friction voltage generated by the solar film (5) into electrical energy and store it for powering the first charge amplifier circuit (141), the second charge amplifier circuit (143), the single chip microcomputer (146) and the radio frequency chip (147); The single chip microcomputer (146) is used to collect the cutting force voltage after rectification and filtering by the first rectification and filtering circuit (142) and the friction voltage after rectification and filtering by the second rectification and filtering circuit (144), and send the cutting force voltage and the friction voltage to an external computing center through a radio frequency chip (147) to calculate the cutting force, rotation speed, rotation direction and rotation angle of the milling cutter.

4. The self-powered multi-source energy collection and information synchronization integrated sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first charge amplifier circuit (141) comprises a resistor R1, a capacitor C1, a resistor R2 and an operational amplifier O1, wherein the capacitor C1, the resistor R1 and the operational amplifier O1 together constitute a first integrator, and the capacitor C1 and the resistor R2 constitute a first feedback network; Resistor R1 provides a current path from the input end to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier O1 for the cutting force charge Q1, and cooperates with R2 in the feedback network to provide a DC bias path for the operational amplifier O1. At the same time, it and capacitor C1 jointly determine the high-frequency filter cutoff voltage frequency of the first integrator. Capacitor C1 is used as the integrating capacitor of the first integrator to convert the cutting force charge Q1 into the cutting force voltage. Capacitor C1 is also connected in parallel with resistor R2 to form an RC low-pass filter to jointly determine the low-frequency cutoff voltage frequency of the first integrator. At the same time, capacitor C1 blocks the DC component and only transmits the change of cutting force charge Q1; The resistor R2 is used to provide a DC discharge path for the capacitor C1 and to discharge the capacitor C1 when the voltage frequency f of the resistor R2 is less than the low-frequency cut-off voltage frequency f of the first integrator. low When the impedance of capacitor C1 is less than that of resistor R2, the integrator gain is limited. The first integrator gain is Operational amplifier O1 is used to convert the input cutting force charge Q1 into cutting force voltage t is time; The second charge amplification circuit (143) comprises a resistor R3, a capacitor C6, a resistor R4 and an operational amplifier O2, wherein the capacitor C6, the resistor R3 and the operational amplifier O2 together constitute a second integrator, and the capacitor C6 and the resistor R4 constitute a second feedback network; Resistor R3 provides a current path from the input terminal to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier O2 for the friction charge Q2, and cooperates with R4 in the feedback network to provide a DC bias path for the operational amplifier O2. At the same time, it and capacitor C6 jointly determine the high-frequency filter cutoff voltage frequency of the second integrator. Capacitor C6 is used as the integrating capacitor of the second integrator to convert the cutting force charge Q1 into the cutting force voltage. Capacitor C6 is also connected in parallel with resistor R4 to form an RC low-pass filter to jointly determine the low-frequency cutoff voltage frequency of the second integrator. At the same time, capacitor C6 blocks the DC component and only transmits the change of friction charge Q2; The resistor R4 is used to provide a DC discharge path for the capacitor C6 and to discharge the capacitor C6 when the voltage frequency f′ of the resistor R4 is less than the low-frequency cut-off voltage frequency f′ of the second integrator. low When the impedance of capacitor C6 is less than that of resistor R4, the gain of the second integrator is limited. Operational amplifier O2 is used to convert the input friction charge Q2 into cutting force voltage t is time.

5. The self-powered multi-source energy collection and information synchronization integrated sensor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first rectifying and filtering circuit (142) includes a diode D1, a diode D2, a diode D3, a diode D4, a diode D5 and a capacitor C2; Diode D1, diode D2, diode D3, and diode D4 form a bridge rectifier circuit for rectifying the input alternating current of the cutting force voltage into direct current; Diode D5 is used to protect the circuit from reverse voltage; Capacitor C2 is used to filter the cutting force voltage after it is converted into DC; The second rectifying and filtering circuit (144) includes a diode D7, a diode D8, a diode D9, a diode D10, a diode D11 and a capacitor C7; Diode D7, diode D8, diode D9, and diode D10 form a bridge rectifier circuit for rectifying the input friction voltage AC into DC; Diode D11 is used to protect the circuit from reverse voltage; Capacitor C7 is used to filter the friction voltage after it is converted into direct current.

6. The self-powered multi-source energy collection and information synchronization integrated sensor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The energy storage circuit (145) includes a diode D6, a transient voltage suppressor diode DTVS, a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a capacitor C5 and a voltage stabilizer; Diode D6 is used to protect the circuit from reverse voltage; The transient suppression diode DTVS is used to protect the capacitor C3 from transient voltage shock; Capacitor C3 is used to store the voltage generated by the sun, the cutting force voltage after rectification and filtering, and the friction voltage after rectification and filtering; The voltage regulator LDO is used to convert the output voltage of the capacitor C3 into a stable specified voltage, which is used to supply power to the first charge amplifier circuit (141), the second charge amplifier circuit (143), the single chip microcomputer (146) and the radio frequency chip (147); Capacitor C4 is used to stabilize the output voltage of the regulator LDO and suppress low-frequency ripple; Capacitor C5 is used to absorb high-frequency noise of the regulator LDO output voltage and maintain signal integrity.

7. The self-powered multi-source energy collection and information synchronization integrated sensor according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the first charge amplifier circuit (141), the cutting force charge input terminal Q1 is connected to one end of the resistor R1, the capacitor C1 and the resistor R2 respectively, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier O1, the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier O1, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier O1, the output terminal of the operational amplifier O1 outputs the cutting force voltage, the positive power supply terminal of the operational amplifier O1 is connected to the output terminal of the voltage regulator LDO, the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier O1 is grounded, and the negative power supply terminal of the operational amplifier O1 is grounded; In the second charge amplifier circuit (143), the friction charge input terminal Q2 is connected to the resistor R3, the capacitor C6 and one end of the resistor R4 respectively, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier O2, the other end of the capacitor C6 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier O2, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier O2, the positive power supply terminal of the operational amplifier O2 is connected to the output terminal of the voltage regulator LDO, the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier O2 is grounded, and the negative power supply terminal of the operational amplifier O2 is grounded.

8. The self-powered multi-source energy collection and information synchronization integrated sensor according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the first rectifier and filter circuit (142), the output end of the operational amplifier O1 is connected to the cathode of the diode D2 and the anode of the diode D4, respectively; the anode of the diode D2 is connected to the anode of the diode D1 and one end of the capacitor C2, respectively; the cathode of the diode D1 is grounded and connected to the anode of the diode D3, respectively; the cathode of the diode D3 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C2 and the cathode of the diode D4, respectively; the other end of the capacitor C2 is also connected to the first ADC pin VADC1 of the single-chip microcomputer (146) to transmit the rectified and filtered cutting force voltage to the single-chip microcomputer (146); the other end of the capacitor C2 is also connected to the anode of the diode D5; In the second rectification and filtering circuit (144), the output end of the operational amplifier O2 is respectively connected to the cathode of the diode D8 and the anode of the diode D10, the anode of the diode D8 is respectively connected to the anode of the diode D7 and one end of the capacitor C7, the cathode of the diode D7 is respectively connected to the ground and the anode of the diode D9, the cathode of the diode D9 is respectively connected to the other end of the capacitor C7 and the cathode of the diode D10, the other end of the capacitor C7 is also connected to the second ADC pin VADC2 of the single-chip microcomputer (146) to transmit the friction voltage after rectification and filtering to the single-chip microcomputer (146), and the other end of the capacitor C7 is also connected to the anode of the diode D11.

9. The self-powered multi-source energy collection and information synchronization integrated sensor according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the energy storage circuit (145), the output voltage of the solar film (5) is connected to one end of the capacitor C3 through the diode D6 via the Vp port. At the same time, the cathode of the diode D5 in the first rectifier and filter circuit (142) and the cathode of the diode D11 in the second rectifier and filter circuit (144) are also connected to one end of the capacitor C3. One end of the capacitor C3 is also connected to the input pin of the voltage regulator LDO. The other end of the capacitor C3 is grounded. The two ends of the transient suppression diode DTVS are connected to the two ends of the capacitor C3. The output pin of the voltage regulator LDO is connected to the power input pin of the single-chip computer (146). The voltage regulator LDO is a forward low voltage regulator. One end of the capacitor C4 is connected to the input pin of the voltage regulator LDO. The other end of the capacitor C4 is grounded. One end of the capacitor C5 is connected to the output pin of the voltage regulator LDO. The other end of the capacitor C5 is grounded. The ground pin of the voltage regulator LDO is grounded.

10. The method for using the self-powered multi-source energy acquisition and information synchronization integrated sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: The self-powered multi-source energy collection and information synchronization integrated sensor is mounted on the milling cutter through the second through hole (12) and the first through hole (23); the electric energy generated by the solar film (5) is input through the Vp port and stored in the capacitor C3 of the energy storage circuit (145) to provide electric energy for the operational amplifier O1 and the operational amplifier O2 during initial operation; when the milling cutter is working, the piezoelectric sensor (1) and the TENG speed sensor (2) respectively generate cutting force charge and friction charge; the cutting force charge is input into the first charge amplifier circuit (141) through the Q1 port of the circuit module (14); and the friction charge is input into the second charge amplifier circuit (143) through the Q2 port of the circuit module (14); In a first charge amplification circuit (141), the cutting force charge is converted into a cutting force voltage through an operational amplifier O1, and capacitors C1 and R2 are connected in parallel to form an RC low-pass filter structure to filter the cutting force voltage, and the filtered cutting force voltage is input into a first rectification filter circuit (142); in a second charge amplification circuit (143), the friction charge is converted into a friction voltage through an operational amplifier O2, and capacitors C6 and R4 are connected in parallel to form an RC low-pass filter structure to filter the friction voltage, and the filtered friction voltage is input into a second rectification filter circuit (144); The bridge rectifier circuit composed of D1, D2, D3, and D4 in the first rectifier and filter circuit (142) rectifies the filtered cutting force voltage, and the capacitor C2 filters the rectified cutting force voltage to obtain the rectified and filtered cutting force voltage and input it into the energy storage circuit (145) for storage; The bridge rectifier circuit composed of D7, D8, D9, and D10 in the second rectifier and filter circuit (144) rectifies the filtered friction voltage, and the capacitor C7 filters the rectified friction voltage to obtain the rectified and filtered friction voltage and input it into the energy storage circuit (145) for storage; The capacitor C3 in the energy storage circuit (145) is used not only to supply power to the operational amplifier O1 and the operational amplifier O2, but also to supply power to the single-chip microcomputer (146) and the radio frequency chip (147). Before supplying power, the voltage output by the capacitor C3 is subjected to voltage spike absorption and transient overvoltage protection by the transient suppression diode DTVS. Afterwards, the voltage output by the capacitor C3 is output to the voltage regulator LDO, which stabilizes the voltage output by the capacitor C3 to a specified voltage before supplying power. The single chip microcomputer (146) collects the cutting force voltage V after rectification and filtering through the first ADC pin VADC1. ADC1 The single chip microcomputer (146) collects the friction voltage V after rectification and filtering through the second ADC pin VADC2 ADC2 The cutting force voltage after rectification and filtering and the friction voltage after rectification and filtering are transmitted to the external computing center through the radio frequency chip (147). The calculation formula of the cutting force, rotation speed, rotation direction and rotation angle of the milling cutter is as follows: V ADC1 =V 切 -V 降1 Among them, F 切 is the cutting force of the milling cutter, Q1 is the cutting force charge, V 切 is the cutting force voltage output by operational amplifier O1, V 降1 is the cutting force voltage V output by operational amplifier O1 切 The voltage drop generated by the bridge rectifier circuit composed of D1, D2, D3, and D4, d is the piezoelectric coefficient of the piezoelectric material layer (13); V ADC2 =V 摩 -V 降2 θ=ωt Among them, V ω is the speed of the milling cutter, t is the time, n is the number of voltage signal pulses within the time t, V 摩 V is the friction voltage output by operational amplifier O2. 降2 V is the friction voltage output by operational amplifier O2 摩 The voltage drop generated by the bridge rectifier circuit composed of D7, D8, D9, and D10 is V m V 摩 The voltage amplitude, ω is V 摩 angular frequency; V 摩 Phase, when the phase difference When the milling cutter rotates forward, the phase difference When θ is the rotation angle of the milling cutter, the milling cutter reverses.

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