Block-shaped intercropping planting method for alfalfa and ryegrass

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of planting and cultivation, in particular to a block-shaped intercropping planting method for alfalfa and ryegrass. The method comprises the following steps that alfalfa and perennial ryegrass are sown and planted in a square block shape, and alfalfa planting blocks and perennial ryegrass planting blocks are arranged at intervals. According to the method, all plant indexes and soil indexes have a certain improvement effect, compared with random broadcast sowing, single cropping and conventional intercropping, the yield of alfalfa and perennial ryegrass is increased through the method, and the best performance is achieved in the plant height and density; the water binding capacity of the soil is improved to a certain extent, the water competition is relieved, and the double-high-yield water-saving intercropping of the alfalfa and the perennial ryegrass in the dry land is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a block intercropping method of alfalfa and ryegrass. Background Art

[0002] Northern Shaanxi is located in my country's Loess Plateau. It has scarce rainfall and insufficient annual precipitation, presenting typical semi-arid climate characteristics. The region has large undulating topography, uneven terrain, poor soil, little vegetation cover, and difficulty in water penetration, resulting in serious soil erosion and relatively scarce water resources. Traditional agricultural production faces severe challenges.

[0003] Alfalfa and perennial ryegrass are important forage crops in northern my country. Alfalfa is a high-protein, high-yield, premium forage. By combining nitrogen from the air with tubercles in its roots, it effectively replenishes nitrogen in the soil, playing a significant role in improving soil fertility. It is a typical green manure crop. Alfalfa's deep roots improve the soil's water holding capacity, significantly preventing soil erosion, improving soil structure, and increasing soil water retention. This is of great significance for preventing soil loss and restoring soil fertility in arid and severely sandy regions like northern my country. Furthermore, as a high-quality forage, alfalfa has significantly increased the forage supply capacity of northern agricultural and pastoral areas.

[0004] Perennial ryegrass is a high-quality forage grass with strong cold tolerance, early maturity, and strong regeneration ability. It allows for earlier grazing, extending the autumn forage supply period, effectively alleviating the spring and autumn forage shortage in northern my country. Furthermore, perennial ryegrass has a well-developed root system and rapid growth, which not only prevents soil erosion but also increases soil organic matter and improves soil structure. This is crucial for restoring degraded grasslands, protecting the ecological environment, and increasing grassland productivity.

[0005] However, traditional cultivation methods for alfalfa and perennial ryegrass in drylands have limitations. These include poor soil water retention, severe soil water depletion, and intense competition for water, which can lead to water deficits in both the soil and the plants, impacting plant yields. Furthermore, in the face of water scarcity, achieving high yields while conserving water resources presents a significant challenge in agricultural production. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a block intercropping method for alfalfa and ryegrass, which can improve the water holding capacity and water conservation capacity of the soil while ensuring high and stable yield, thereby achieving high-yield and efficient water-saving agriculture.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A block intercropping method for alfalfa and ryegrass comprises the following steps: Alfalfa and perennial ryegrass are sown and planted in square blocks, and the alfalfa planting blocks and the perennial ryegrass planting blocks are spaced apart.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the square block planting is to plant alfalfa and perennial ryegrass in square blocks of 0.5m*0.5m, and the intervals between the square blocks are 18cm-22cm.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the planting density of alfalfa is 1.40*10 4 Plant / m 2 ~1.50*10 4 Plant / m 2 The planting density of perennial ryegrass is 5.70*10 4 Plant / m 2 ~5.80*10 4 Plant / m 2 .

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sowing time is spring or autumn. The spring sowing depth of alfalfa and perennial ryegrass is 2 cm to 3 cm, and the autumn sowing depth is 1 cm to 1.5 cm. Spring sowing is carried out around March each year. This method requires that the soil has been winter irrigated and the soil moisture conditions are good in spring. Autumn sowing is carried out around September each year.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific sowing method is: sowing alfalfa when the ground temperature of the soil layer with a depth of 2cm~4cm is 8℃~12℃, and sowing perennial ryegrass when the ground temperature of the soil layer is 14℃~16℃.

[0012] More preferably, during sowing, perennial ryegrass is sown first, and then alfalfa is sown.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the alfalfa is a drought-resistant variety, and the perennial ryegrass is a cold-resistant variety.

[0014] Further preferably, the variety of alfalfa is Sijiwang, Ningmu No. 1 or WL324, and the variety of perennial ryegrass is Dingfeng, Pr521 or Vidas.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, post-sowing suppression is combined with sprinkler irrigation. Post-sowing suppression helps retain soil moisture and allows the seeds to maintain close contact with the soil, facilitating rapid water absorption, germination, and emergence. Because seeds are sown shallowly and the soil surface is prone to drying, attention should be paid to the quality of sprinkler irrigation during watering to avoid excessive water droplets that may damage the seed surface.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, land preparation is performed before sowing. During preparation, deep plowing and fine harrowing are required to loosen the soil and compact it to facilitate emergence of seedlings, and to prevent weed damage caused by the small size and slow growth of alfalfa seeds. Newly reclaimed wasteland should pay special attention to autumn plowing, deep harrowing, and weed eradication. In spring, harrowing and compacting are required to make the cultivated land smooth and free of clods and debris.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, if there are many impurities in the seeds, they should be cleaned and dried. Make the seed purity reach more than 90%; if the seed coat is thick, the seed coat should be rubbed or the seeds should be germinated to facilitate germination and increase the germination rate.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has a certain degree of positive technical effects: In terms of plant indicators, the square block intercropping adopted by this invention showed a significant improvement in various plant indicators (plant height, density, and yield). In terms of plant height and density, alfalfa and perennial ryegrass in square block intercropping showed the best performance. In terms of yield, compared with random broadcasting, monoculture, and conventional intercropping, the alfalfa yield in square block intercropping increased by 45.07%, 55.81%, and 14.90%, respectively, and the yield of perennial ryegrass increased by 37.52%, 30.67%, and 11.79%. The land equivalent ratio (LER) of square block intercropping was 2.86, while the LERs of random broadcasting and conventional intercropping were only 2.02 and 2.52, respectively. In terms of soil indicators, most of the soil indicators of square block intercropping showed a certain improvement effect. Compared with conventional intercropping, the four indicators of soil moisture content, soil bulk density, soil saturated water and field water holding capacity were improved by 12.68%, 6.11%, 19.53% and 11.10% respectively; compared with random sowing, the improvement effect of soil indicators of square block intercropping was not significant, but it was significantly better than the former in terms of plant indicators, which shows that the planting method provided by the present invention has a certain improvement effect in saving water and increasing production, improves production efficiency, improves water holding capacity to a certain extent, and reduces water consumption. This sowing method and planting method can be promoted and applied in arid areas and water-scarce areas, and has positive significance for increasing crop yields, improving soil quality, saving water and reducing emissions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of block intercropping of alfalfa and ryegrass provided by the present invention; Figure 2 This is a diagram of alfalfa monoculture in row planting; FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the planting of perennial ryegrass monoculture drills; Figure 4 This is a diagram of intercropping of alfalfa and perennial ryegrass; FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the planting of alfalfa and perennial ryegrass randomly sown; Figure 6 shows the plant heights of alfalfa and perennial ryegrass under five sowing and planting methods. Different letters in the figure indicate differences of P =0.05 level; Figure 7 shows the density of alfalfa and perennial ryegrass under five sowing and planting methods. Different letters in the figure represent the difference in P =0.05 level; Figure 8 shows the yields of alfalfa and ryegrass under five sowing and planting methods. Different letters in the figure represent the difference in P =0.05 level.

[0020] Note: The yellow blocks in the above picture are alfalfa and the blue blocks are ryegrass. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The specific embodiments provided by the present invention are described in detail below.

[0022] Example 1 A block intercropping method for alfalfa and ryegrass comprises the following steps: The first step is to select a suitable geographical location and soil in an arid area: In this embodiment, the dry land in Ansai District, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, where the soil type is a mixture of loess and sandy loess, is selected. A 0.9-acre experimental field is set up.

[0023] The second step is to select alfalfa and perennial ryegrass varieties according to climatic conditions and soil types: the selected varieties are required to have good drought resistance, can tolerate barrenness, grow luxuriantly, and have strong frost resistance. Varieties with strong drought resistance should be planted. In this embodiment, the alfalfa variety is the four-season variety and the perennial ryegrass variety is the peak variety.

[0024] The third step is to pre-treat the two selected seeds: clean and dry them so that the purity of the seeds reaches more than 90%; place the seeds in warm water to germinate to facilitate germination and increase the germination rate.

[0025] The fourth step is to carry out fine land preparation before sowing, deep plowing and fine harrowing, and loosening the upper part and filling the lower part.

[0026] Step 5: Select the sowing date and determine the sowing rate: If the soil is irrigated in winter and the spring soil moisture is good, choose to sow in March. The sowing rate is controlled at 22.5 kg / hm2 for alfalfa. 2 About 6kg / hm2 for perennial ryegrass 2 The sowing depth is about 3cm.

[0027] Step 6: Sow alfalfa and perennial ryegrass in square blocks: Sow alfalfa when the ground temperature at a depth of 2 cm is stable at 8°C, and sow perennial ryegrass at 14°C. Both are sown in a square block with a side length of 0.5 m and a spacing of 18 cm between blocks. The planting density of alfalfa is maintained at 1.4*10 4 Plant / m 2 The planting density of perennial ryegrass is maintained at 5.7*10 4 Plant / m 2 ; When sowing, first sow perennial ryegrass and then sow alfalfa.

[0028] Step 7. Post-sowing management: Press down after sowing to make the seeds in close contact with the soil, and water them in time. Pay attention to the quality of sprinkler irrigation when watering to avoid excessive water droplets that may damage the seed surface.

[0029] Example 2 A block intercropping method for alfalfa and ryegrass comprises the following steps: The first step is to select a suitable geographical location and soil in an arid area: In this embodiment, the dry land in Ansai District, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, where the soil type is a mixture of loess and sandy loess, is selected. A 0.9-acre experimental field is set up.

[0030] In the second step, alfalfa and perennial ryegrass varieties are selected according to climatic conditions and soil types: the selected varieties are required to have good drought resistance, can tolerate barrenness, grow luxuriantly, and have strong frost resistance. Drought-resistant varieties should be planted. In this embodiment, the alfalfa variety is Ningmu No. 1 and the perennial ryegrass variety is Pr521.

[0031] The third step is to pre-treat the two selected seeds: clean and dry them so that the purity of the seeds reaches more than 90%; rub the seed coat to facilitate germination and increase the germination rate.

[0032] The fourth step is to carry out fine land preparation before sowing, deep plowing and fine harrowing, and loosening the upper part and filling the lower part.

[0033] Step 5: Select sowing date and determine sowing rate: Autumn sowing should be carried out around September. The sowing rate is controlled at 22.5 kg / hm2 for alfalfa. 2 About 6kg / hm2 for perennial ryegrass 2The sowing depth is about 1 cm.

[0034] Step 6: Sow alfalfa and perennial ryegrass in square blocks: Sow alfalfa when the ground temperature at a depth of 4 cm is stable at 12°C, and sow perennial ryegrass at 16°C. Both are sown in a square block with a side length of 0.5m and a spacing of 20cm between blocks. The planting density of alfalfa is kept at 1.5*10 4 Plant / m 2 The planting density of perennial ryegrass is maintained at 5.8*10 4 Plant / m 2 ; When sowing, first sow perennial ryegrass and then sow alfalfa.

[0035] Step 7. Post-sowing management: Press down after sowing to make the seeds in close contact with the soil, and water them in time. Pay attention to the quality of sprinkler irrigation when watering to avoid excessive water droplets that may damage the seed surface.

[0036] Example 3 A block intercropping method for alfalfa and ryegrass comprises the following steps: The first step is to select a suitable geographical location and soil in an arid area: In this embodiment, the dry land in Ansai District, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, where the soil type is a mixture of loess and sandy loess, is selected. A 0.9-acre experimental field is set up.

[0037] In the second step, alfalfa and perennial ryegrass varieties are selected according to climatic conditions and soil types: the selected varieties are required to have good drought resistance, can tolerate barrenness, grow luxuriantly, and have strong frost resistance. Drought-resistant varieties should be planted. In this embodiment, the alfalfa variety is WL324 and the perennial ryegrass variety is Vidas.

[0038] The third step is to pre-treat the two selected seeds: clean and dry them so that the purity of the seeds reaches more than 90%; rub the seed coat to facilitate germination and increase the germination rate.

[0039] The fourth step is to carry out fine land preparation before sowing, deep plowing and fine harrowing, and loosening the upper part and filling the lower part.

[0040] Step 5: Select sowing date and determine sowing rate: Autumn sowing should be carried out around September. The sowing rate is controlled at 22.5 kg / hm2 for alfalfa. 2 About 6kg / hm2 for perennial ryegrass 2 The sowing depth is about 1.5 cm.

[0041] Step 6: Sow alfalfa and perennial ryegrass in square blocks: Sow alfalfa when the ground temperature at a depth of 4 cm is stable at 10°C, and sow perennial ryegrass at 15°C. Both are sown in a square block with a side length of 0.5m and a spacing of 22cm between blocks. The planting density of alfalfa is maintained at 1.47*10 4 Plant / m 2 The planting density of perennial ryegrass is maintained at 5.76*10 4 Plant / m 2 ; When sowing, first sow perennial ryegrass and then sow alfalfa.

[0042] Step 7. Post-sowing management: Press down after sowing to make the seeds in close contact with the soil, and water them in time. Pay attention to the quality of sprinkler irrigation when watering to avoid excessive water droplets that may damage the seed surface.

[0043] Since the planting effects obtained by the planting methods provided in Examples 1 to 3 are basically similar, the present invention will hereinafter only use the method of Example 1 as an example to illustrate the effects.

[0044] In order to verify the technical effect of the present invention, while the experimental field was cultivated using the sowing method provided by the present invention, another experimental field 2, experimental field 3, experimental field 4 and experimental field 5 were set up. The experimental field 2 was sown with alfalfa as a single crop. Figure 2 ; Experimental field 3 used perennial ryegrass as a single-crop drill. Figure 3 ; Experimental field 4 used alfalfa and perennial ryegrass to randomly sow. Figure 5 ; Experimental field 5 used intercropping of alfalfa and perennial ryegrass, see Figure 4 The sowing amount in each experimental field was the same, the row spacing was 20 cm, the sowing depth was 3 cm, the seeds were sown evenly, no reseeding was done, and sowing and pressing were done continuously.

[0045] The five experimental plots were cultivated under the same conditions except for the different sowing methods. The following results were obtained from the comparison of the different sowing methods: 1. Various plant indicators under different sowing and planting methods: All plant indices (plant height, density, and yield) of alfalfa and perennial ryegrass intercropped in square plots were higher than those of the other treatments. In terms of plant height, both grasses in the square plot intercropping showed the best performance, with an average plant height of 40.3 cm for alfalfa and 61.4 cm for perennial ryegrass, both higher than the other three treatments (see Figure 6 for details). In terms of density, both grasses in the square plot intercropping also showed the best performance, with alfalfa reaching a density of 650 plants / m. 2 The density of perennial ryegrass reached 1245 plants / m2 , which were higher than the other three treatments, as shown in Figure 7. In terms of yield, the alfalfa yield of the square block intercropping was 308.67 g / m 2 , than random broadcasting (212.77 g / m 2 ), single crop (198.10g / m 2 ) and conventional intercropping (268.65 g / m 2 ) increased by 45.07%, 55.81% and 14.90% respectively, and the yield of perennial ryegrass in square intercropping was 345.00 g / m 2 , than random broadcasting (250.87 g / m 2 ), single crop (264.03 g / m 2 ) and conventional intercropping (308.62 g / m 2 ) increased by 37.52%, 30.67% and 11.79% respectively; the land equivalent ratio (LER) of square block intercropping was 2.86, while the LERs of random broadcasting and conventional intercropping were only 2.02 and 2.52, respectively, as shown in Figure 8.

[0046] 2. Various soil indicators for different sowing and planting methods: Most soil indicators of square block intercropping showed a certain improvement effect. Compared with conventional intercropping, the four indicators of soil moisture content, soil bulk density, soil saturated water and field water holding capacity were improved by 12.68%, 6.11%, 19.53% and 11.10%, respectively. For details, see Table 1. Compared with random sowing, the improvement effect of square block intercropping on soil indicators was not significant, but it was significantly better than the former in terms of plant indicators. For details, see Table 1 and Figures 6, 7 and 8.

[0047] Table 1 Soil indexes under various experimental treatments (letters in the table indicate differences of P =0.05 level) The results show that: all plant indicators of square block intercropping have a significant improvement trend, and the performance of plant height, density and yield is significantly better than random sowing, monoculture and conventional intercropping, and the yield efficiency is significantly improved; and various soil indicators are also significantly improved compared with monoculture and conventional intercropping. Although the improvement effect is not obvious compared with random sowing, the yield improvement effect is more superior. Overall, it can be shown that the water-saving and high-efficiency yield-increasing effects of the present invention have a certain degree of superiority.

[0048] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that ordinary technicians in this technical field can make several improvements and supplements without departing from the method of the present invention. These improvements and supplements should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A block intercropping method for alfalfa and ryegrass, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Alfalfa and perennial ryegrass are sown and planted in square blocks, and the alfalfa planting blocks and the perennial ryegrass planting blocks are spaced apart.

2. The block intercropping method of alfalfa and ryegrass according to claim 1, characterized in that: Square block planting means that the alfalfa strips and perennial ryegrass are planted in square blocks of 0.5m*0.5m, and the intervals between each square block are 18cm~22cm.

3. The block intercropping method of alfalfa and ryegrass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting density of alfalfa is 1.40*10 4 Plant / m 2 ~1.50*10 4 Plant / m 2 The planting density of perennial ryegrass is 5.70*10 4 Plant / m 2 ~5.80*10 4 Plant / m 2 .

4. The block intercropping method of alfalfa and ryegrass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing time is spring or autumn. The spring sowing depth of alfalfa and perennial ryegrass is 2cm~3cm, and the autumn sowing depth is 1cm~1.5cm.

5. The block intercropping method of alfalfa and ryegrass according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific sowing method is: when the ground temperature of the soil layer with a depth of 2cm~4cm is 8℃~12℃, sow alfalfa; when the ground temperature of the soil layer is 14℃~16℃, sow perennial ryegrass.

6. The block intercropping method of alfalfa and ryegrass according to claim 5, characterized in that: When sowing, sow perennial ryegrass first and then alfalfa.

7. The block intercropping method of alfalfa and ryegrass according to claim 1, characterized in that: Choose drought-resistant varieties of alfalfa and cold-resistant varieties of perennial ryegrass.

8. The block intercropping method of alfalfa and ryegrass according to claim 7, characterized in that: The varieties of alfalfa are Sijiwang, Ningmu No. 1 or WL324, and the varieties of perennial ryegrass are Dingfeng, Pr521 or Vidas.

9. The block intercropping method of alfalfa and ryegrass according to claim 1, characterized in that: After sowing, suppress the seeds and carry out sprinkler irrigation.

10. The block intercropping method of alfalfa and ryegrass according to claim 1, characterized in that: Prepare the land before sowing, plow deeply and harrow carefully, and make the soil loose and firm.

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