Double-high-yield cross compound planting method for alfalfa and ryegrass in dry land

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of planting and cultivation, in particular to a double-high-yield cross composite planting method for alfalfa and ryegrass in dry land. The method comprises the following steps that alfalfa and perennial ryegrass are sown in drill, and an alfalfa planting strip and a perennial ryegrass planting strip are perpendicular to each other; wherein the medicago sativa planting strips and the perennial ryegrass planting strips comprise wide rows and narrow rows, and the ratio of the number of the wide rows to the number of the narrow rows is (3-5): 1. Compared with conventional intercropping, the total soil moisture content, the soil bulk density, the soil porosity, the soil saturated water and the field moisture capacity of planting with the method are all increased, and the total yield is also increased by 20.89% compared with that of conventional intercropping. By means of the planting method, the water binding capacity of soil can be improved, water competition among plants is relieved, and water-saving intercropping of double high yields of alfalfa and perennial ryegrass in the dry land is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a high-yield cross-composite planting method of alfalfa and ryegrass in dry land. Background Art

[0002] Northern Shaanxi is located in my country's Loess Plateau. It has scarce rainfall and insufficient annual precipitation, presenting typical semi-arid climate characteristics. The region has large undulating topography, uneven terrain, poor soil, little vegetation cover, and difficulty in water penetration, resulting in serious soil erosion and relatively scarce water resources. Traditional agricultural production faces severe challenges.

[0003] Alfalfa and perennial ryegrass are important forage crops in northern my country. Alfalfa is a high-protein, high-yield, premium forage. By combining nitrogen from the air with tubercles in its roots, it effectively replenishes nitrogen in the soil, playing a significant role in improving soil fertility. It is a typical green manure crop. Alfalfa's deep roots improve the soil's water holding capacity, significantly preventing soil erosion, improving soil structure, and increasing soil water retention. This is of great significance for preventing soil loss and restoring soil fertility in arid and severely sandy regions like northern my country. Furthermore, as a high-quality forage, alfalfa has significantly increased the forage supply capacity of northern agricultural and pastoral areas.

[0004] Perennial ryegrass is a high-quality forage grass with strong cold tolerance, early maturity, and strong regeneration ability. It allows for earlier grazing, extending the autumn forage supply period, effectively alleviating the spring and autumn forage shortage in northern my country. Furthermore, perennial ryegrass has a well-developed root system and rapid growth, which not only prevents soil erosion but also increases soil organic matter and improves soil structure. This is crucial for restoring degraded grasslands, protecting the ecological environment, and increasing grassland productivity.

[0005] However, traditional cultivation methods for alfalfa and perennial ryegrass in drylands have limitations, including poor soil water retention and severe soil water depletion. Furthermore, in the face of water scarcity, achieving high yields while conserving water resources has become a major challenge in agricultural production. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a cross-composite planting method for high-yield alfalfa and ryegrass in dryland. This method can improve the water holding capacity and water conservation capacity of the soil while ensuring high and stable yield, thereby achieving high-yield and efficient water-saving agriculture.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A high-yield cross-composite planting method for alfalfa and ryegrass in dry land comprises the following steps: Alfalfa and perennial ryegrass are sown in strips, and the planting strips of alfalfa and the planting strips of perennial ryegrass are arranged perpendicular to each other; Among them, the alfalfa planting strips and perennial ryegrass planting strips both include wide rows and narrow rows, and the ratio of the number of wide rows to narrow rows is 3~5:1.

[0008] Further preferably, the narrow row spacing of the alfalfa planting strips and the perennial ryegrass planting strips are both 8 cm to 12 cm, and the wide row spacing is both 28 cm to 32 cm.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the planting density of alfalfa is 1.40*10 4 Plant / m 2 ~1.50*10 4 Plant / m 2 The planting density of perennial ryegrass is 5.70*10 4 Plant / m 2 ~5.80*10 4 Plant / m 2 .

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, perennial ryegrass is sown first and then alfalfa is sown.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sowing time is spring or autumn, with a spring sowing depth of 2 cm to 3 cm and an autumn sowing depth of 1.5 cm to 2 cm. Spring sowing is carried out around March each year, and this method requires that the soil be irrigated during winter and that the soil moisture conditions are good in spring; autumn sowing is carried out around September each year.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, alfalfa is sown when the ground temperature of the soil layer with a depth of 2 cm to 4 cm is stable at about 8°C to 12°C, and perennial ryegrass is sown when the ground temperature of the soil layer is stable at about 14°C to 16°C.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the alfalfa is a drought-resistant variety, and the perennial ryegrass is a cold-resistant variety.

[0014] Further preferably, the alfalfa variety is Sijiwang, Ningmu No. 1 or WL324, and the perennial ryegrass variety is Dingfeng, Pr521 or Vidas.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, if there are many impurities in the seeds, they are cleaned and dried to make the seed purity reach more than 90%; if the seed coat is thick, the seed coat is rubbed or the seeds are germinated to facilitate germination and improve the germination rate.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the land is prepared before sowing, and deep plowing and fine harrowing are performed, with loosening and compacting to facilitate seedling emergence and prevent weed damage caused by the small size and slow growth of alfalfa seeds during the seedling stage. Newly reclaimed wasteland should be particularly careful about autumn plowing, deep harrowing, and weed eradication. In spring, the land should be harrowed and compacted to make it smooth and free of debris.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, pressing after sowing is beneficial to soil moisture conservation, and at the same time, the seeds can be in close contact with the soil, which is conducive to the seeds absorbing water quickly, germinating and emerging; and watering is required in time. Because the seeds are sown shallowly and the soil surface is easy to dry, attention should be paid to the quality of sprinkler irrigation when watering to avoid excessive water droplets that may damage the seed epidermis.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has a certain degree of positive technical effects: In terms of yield level, the alfalfa yield of the wide and narrow row intercropping adopted in the present invention is 366.67 g / m 2 , the yield of perennial ryegrass is 369.85 g / m 2 , which is higher than the alfalfa yield of conventional intercropping (286.02 g / m 2 ) and perennial ryegrass yield (322.92 g / m 2 ) increased by 28.20% and 14.53% respectively; the soil equivalent ratio (LER) of wide-narrow row intercropping was 3.00, which was higher than 2.47 of conventional intercropping; in terms of improving water holding capacity, the wide-narrow row intercropping planting method adopted by the present invention reduced the soil bulk density of alfalfa monoculture, perennial ryegrass monoculture, and intercropping of the two in rows by 1.02%, 8.74%, and 5.84% respectively compared with the conventional method; the soil saturated water increased by 25.07%, 7.77%, and 18.33% respectively, and the field water holding capacity increased by 53.60%, 33.22%, and 16.33% respectively, which improved water holding capacity, alleviated water competition, reduced water consumption, and achieved soil consolidation and water conservation in dry land and increased forage yield. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the cross-composite planting of high-yield alfalfa and ryegrass in dry land provided by the present invention; Figure 2 This is a diagram of alfalfa monoculture in row planting; FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the planting of perennial ryegrass monoculture drills; Figure 4This is a diagram of intercropping of alfalfa and perennial ryegrass; Figure 5 shows the alfalfa yields under three sowing and planting methods. Different letters in the figure represent the difference in P =0.05 level; Figure 6 shows the yield of perennial ryegrass under three sowing and planting methods. Different letters in the figure represent the difference in P =0.05 level.

[0020] Note: The yellow stripes in the above picture are alfalfa and the blue stripes are perennial ryegrass. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The specific embodiments provided by the present invention are described in detail below.

[0022] Example 1 A high-yield cross-composite planting method for alfalfa and ryegrass in dry land comprises the following steps: The first step is to select a suitable geographical location and soil in an arid area: In this embodiment, the dry land in Ansai District, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, where the soil type is a mixture of loess and sandy loess, is selected. A 0.9-acre experimental field is set up.

[0023] The second step is to select alfalfa and perennial ryegrass varieties according to climatic conditions and soil types: the selected varieties are required to have good drought resistance, be able to tolerate barrenness, grow luxuriantly, and have strong frost resistance. Varieties with strong drought resistance should be planted. In this embodiment, the alfalfa variety is the four-season variety and the perennial ryegrass variety is the peak variety.

[0024] The third step is to pre-treat the two selected seeds: clean and dry them so that the purity of the seeds reaches more than 90%; rub the seed coat to facilitate germination and increase the germination rate.

[0025] The fourth step is to carry out fine land preparation before sowing, deep plowing and fine harrowing, and loosening the upper part and filling the lower part.

[0026] Step 5: Select the sowing date and determine the sowing rate: Spring sowing should be carried out around March, when the soil has been irrigated in winter and the spring soil moisture is good; the sowing rate is controlled at 22.0 kg / hm2 for alfalfa. 2 About 5 kg / hm2 for perennial ryegrass 2 about.

[0027] The sixth step is to sow alfalfa and perennial ryegrass in a wide-narrow row intercropping method: when the ground temperature at a depth of 2 cm is stable at around 10 ℃, sow alfalfa, and sow perennial ryegrass at around 14 ℃. Both adopt a wide-narrow row sowing method. The ratio of wide rows to narrow rows in alfalfa planting strips and perennial ryegrass planting strips is 3:1. The spacing between narrow rows is kept at 8 cm, and the spacing between wide rows is kept at 28 cm. The area of the plot is 4m*4m. The planting density of alfalfa is kept at 1.40*10 4 Plant / m 2 The planting density of perennial ryegrass is maintained at 5.70*10 4 Plant / m 2 ; When sowing, first sow perennial ryegrass and then sow alfalfa.

[0028] Step 7. Post-sowing management: Press down after sowing to make the seeds in close contact with the soil, and water them in time. Pay attention to the quality of sprinkler irrigation when watering to avoid excessive water droplets that may damage the seed surface.

[0029] Example 2 A high-yield cross-composite planting method for alfalfa and ryegrass in dry land, comprising the following steps: The first step is to select a suitable geographical location and soil in an arid area: In this embodiment, the dry land in Ansai District, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, where the soil type is a mixture of loess and sandy loess, is selected. A 0.9-acre experimental field is set up.

[0030] The second step is to select alfalfa and perennial ryegrass varieties according to climatic conditions and soil types: the selected varieties are required to have good drought resistance, be able to tolerate barrenness, grow luxuriantly, and have strong frost resistance. Varieties with strong drought resistance should be planted. In this embodiment, the alfalfa variety is WL324 and the perennial ryegrass variety is Vidas.

[0031] The third step is to pre-treat the two selected seeds: clean and dry them so that the purity of the seeds reaches more than 90%; rub the seed coat to facilitate germination and increase the germination rate.

[0032] The fourth step is to carry out fine land preparation before sowing, deep plowing and fine harrowing, and loosening the upper part and filling the lower part.

[0033] Step 5: Select sowing date and determine sowing rate: Autumn sowing should be carried out around August, with a sowing rate of 23.0 kg / hm2 of alfalfa. 2 About 7 kg / hm2 for perennial ryegrass 2 about.

[0034] The sixth step is to sow alfalfa and perennial ryegrass in a wide-narrow row intercropping method: when the ground temperature at a depth of 4 cm is stable at around 8 ℃, sow alfalfa, and when it is around 15 ℃, sow perennial ryegrass. Both adopt a wide-narrow row sowing method. The ratio of wide rows to narrow rows of alfalfa planting strips and perennial ryegrass planting strips is 5:1. The spacing between narrow rows is kept at 12 cm, and the spacing between wide rows is kept at 32 cm. The area of the plot is 4m*4m. The planting density of alfalfa is kept at 1.50*10 4 Plant / m 2 The planting density of perennial ryegrass is maintained at 5.80*10 4 Plant / m 2 ; When sowing, first sow perennial ryegrass and then sow alfalfa.

[0035] Step 7. Post-sowing management: Press down after sowing to make the seeds in close contact with the soil, and water them in time. Pay attention to the quality of sprinkler irrigation when watering to avoid excessive water droplets that may damage the seed surface.

[0036] Example 3 A high-yield cross-composite planting method for alfalfa and ryegrass in dry land, comprising the following steps: The first step is to select a suitable geographical location and soil in an arid area: In this embodiment, the dry land in Ansai District, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, where the soil type is a mixture of loess and sandy loess, is selected. A 0.9-acre experimental field is set up.

[0037] The second step is to select alfalfa and perennial ryegrass varieties according to climatic conditions and soil types: the selected varieties are required to have good drought resistance, be able to tolerate barrenness, grow luxuriantly, and have strong frost resistance. Varieties with strong drought resistance should be planted. In this embodiment, the alfalfa variety is Ningmu No. 1 and the perennial ryegrass variety is Dingfeng.

[0038] The third step is to pre-treat the two selected seeds: clean and dry them so that the purity of the seeds reaches more than 90%; rub the seed coat to facilitate germination and increase the germination rate.

[0039] The fourth step is to carry out fine land preparation before sowing, deep plowing and fine harrowing, and loosening the upper part and filling the lower part.

[0040] Step 5: Select sowing date and determine sowing rate: Autumn sowing should be carried out around August, with a sowing rate of 23.0 kg / hm2 of alfalfa. 2 About 6 kg / hm2 for perennial ryegrass 2 about.

[0041] The sixth step is to sow alfalfa and perennial ryegrass in a wide-narrow row intercropping method: when the ground temperature at a depth of 4 cm is stable at around 10 ℃, sow alfalfa, and sow perennial ryegrass at around 15 ℃. Both adopt a wide-narrow row sowing method. The ratio of wide rows to narrow rows in the alfalfa planting strips and perennial ryegrass planting strips is 5:1. The spacing between narrow rows is kept at 10 cm, and the spacing between wide rows is kept at 30 cm. The area of the plot is 4m*4m; the planting density of alfalfa is kept at 1.45*10 4 Plant / m 2 The planting density of perennial ryegrass is maintained at 5.75*10 4 Plant / m 2 ; When sowing, first sow perennial ryegrass and then sow alfalfa.

[0042] Step 7. Post-sowing management: Press down after sowing to make the seeds in close contact with the soil, and water them in time. Pay attention to the quality of sprinkler irrigation when watering to avoid excessive water droplets that may damage the seed surface.

[0043] Since the planting effects obtained by the methods provided in Examples 1 to 3 are basically the same, the following only uses the method provided in Example 2 as an example to illustrate the effect.

[0044] In order to verify the technical effect of the present invention, while the experimental field was cultivated using the sowing method of the present invention, experimental fields 2, 3 and 4 were also opened. In August 2023, alfalfa and perennial ryegrass were sown in all four experimental fields. The experimental field 1 was intercropped with wide and narrow rows according to the method of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Experimental field 2 used alfalfa as a single crop, see Figure 2 ; Experimental field 3 used perennial ryegrass as a single-crop drill. Figure 3 ; Experimental field 4 used intercropping of alfalfa and perennial ryegrass, Figure 4 The row spacing in all three experimental plots was 20 cm. The seeding rate was consistent in each plot, with a sowing depth of approximately 3 cm. Seeds were placed evenly without reseeding, and sowing and pressing were performed continuously.

[0045] The four experimental plots were cultivated under the same conditions with only the sowing method being different. The comparative effects of the different sowing methods were as follows: 1. Plant yields of different sowing and planting methods: The yields of alfalfa and perennial ryegrass in wide-narrow row intercropping were higher than those in single cropping and intercropping. The yield of alfalfa in wide-narrow row intercropping was 366.67 g / m 2 , the yield of perennial ryegrass is 369.85 g / m 2 , which is higher than the alfalfa yield of conventional intercropping (286.02 g / m2 ) and perennial ryegrass yield (322.92 g / m 2 ) increased by 28.20% and 14.53% respectively; the soil equivalent ratio (LER) of wide-narrow row intercropping was calculated to be 3.00, and the soil equivalent ratio of conventional intercropping was 2.47, which also shows that the yield efficiency of wide-narrow row intercropping is higher than that of conventional intercropping and monocropping, as shown in Figures 5 and 6 for details.

[0046] 2. Various soil indicators for different sowing and planting methods: Among the four indicators of soil moisture content, soil bulk density, soil saturated water and field water holding capacity, wide-narrow row intercropping showed the best effect, which improved by 13.84%, 5.28%, 15.70% and 15.30% respectively compared with conventional intercropping. This shows that under this treatment, the water holding performance and water retention capacity of the soil showed a trend of better performance, reducing the consumption of soil water by plants. Details are shown in Table 1.

[0047] Table 1 Soil indexes under various experimental treatments (letters in the table indicate differences of P =0.05 level) The results showed that the total yield of wide-narrow row intercropping showed a significant upward trend compared with monocropping and conventional intercropping, and the total soil moisture content increased, and the soil bulk density, soil saturated water and field water holding capacity also improved. The residual soil moisture increased, and the water consumption of plants decreased, indicating that the water holding capacity showed an improving trend and the soil's water retention capacity was improved to a certain extent.

[0048] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that ordinary technicians in this technical field can make several improvements and supplements without departing from the method of the present invention. These improvements and supplements should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cross-composite planting method for high-yield alfalfa and ryegrass in dry land, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Alfalfa and perennial ryegrass are sown in strips, and the planting strips of alfalfa and the planting strips of perennial ryegrass are arranged perpendicular to each other; Among them, the alfalfa planting strips and perennial ryegrass planting strips both include wide rows and narrow rows, and the ratio of the number of wide rows to narrow rows is 3~5:

1.

2. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that The narrow row spacing of alfalfa planting strips and perennial ryegrass planting strips is 8cm~12 cm, and the wide row spacing is 28cm~32 cm.

3. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that The planting density of alfalfa is 1.40*10 4 Plant / m 2 ~1.50*10 4 Plant / m 2 The planting density of perennial ryegrass is 5.70*10 4 Plant / m 2 ~5.80*10 4 Plant / m 2 .

4. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that When sowing, sow perennial ryegrass first and then alfalfa.

5. The planting method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sowing time is spring or autumn, the spring sowing depth is 2cm~3 cm, and the autumn sowing depth is 1.5cm~2 cm.

6. The planting method according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the ground temperature at a depth of 2cm~4cm is stable at 8℃~12℃, alfalfa can be sown, and when the ground temperature at a depth of 2cm~4cm is stable at 14℃~16℃, perennial ryegrass can be sown.

7. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Alfalfa is a drought-resistant variety, and perennial ryegrass is a cold-resistant variety.

8. The planting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The varieties of alfalfa are four seasons prosperous, Ningmu No. 1 or WL324, and perennial ryegrass varieties are Dingfeng, Pr521 or Vidas.

9. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After sowing, suppress the seeds and carry out sprinkler irrigation.

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