Vehicle-mounted battery pack provided with multiple fireproof mechanisms

Abstract

The invention relates to a vehicle-mounted battery pack provided with multiple fireproof mechanisms, and belongs to the technical field of vehicle-mounted battery boxes, the battery pack comprises a bearing frame, the bearing frame is divided into an upper equipment mounting bin and a lower battery mounting bin, and the upper equipment mounting bin and the lower battery mounting bin are isolated through a battery bin top fireproof plate (composed of a heat insulation layer, a fireproof layer and a fire extinguishing pipeline layer); a battery pack is mounted in the battery mounting bin, the battery pack realizes a first fireproof mechanism by arranging an aerosol fire extinguishing device, and the side fire-fighting spraying module and a top fireproof plate of the battery bin form a second fireproof mechanism and a third fireproof mechanism; the side fire-fighting spraying module conducts fire extinguishing treatment on the side portion of the battery pack through a fire extinguishing agent high-pressure storage tank, a fire extinguishing agent side spraying pipeline and a fire extinguishing agent induction spray head, and a battery bin top fireproof plate conducts downward fire extinguishing through a top fire extinguishing agent spray head and meanwhile prevents open fire high temperature and the like from invading an equipment installation bin through a heat insulation layer and a fireproof layer. Equipment in the equipment mounting bin is protected as much as possible, and loss is reduced to the maximum extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention is applicable to the technical field of vehicle-mounted battery boxes and provides a vehicle-mounted battery pack provided with multiple fire prevention mechanisms. Background Art

[0002] With the development of electrification of industrial machinery, more mechanical equipment has begun to use electric drive. In the field and other work locations where there is no conventional power supply from the power grid, or in the use scenarios such as special operation vehicles that need to operate on the move, a stable high-power power supply is usually provided by a battery pack composed of multiple battery packs. In order to reduce the footprint, this battery pack usually adopts an integrated structure, integrating multiple battery packs and battery management systems, charging and discharging modules and other equipment into the same box to facilitate the reasonable allocation of space in the vehicle. However, the structure of a large number of stacked battery packs invisibly increases the probability of failure and fire by several times. A fire in a single battery pack will cause the entire battery pack to be damaged. Due to the characteristics of lithium batteries, even if the flame is extinguished briefly, there is a high possibility of reignition. Conventional battery packs generally rely on the fixed-point extinguishing of a single battery pack, which is not effective and is prone to reignition. Therefore, battery packs with multiple battery packs stacked require better and more comprehensive fire-fighting measures to reduce fire losses. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To this end, the present invention provides a vehicle-mounted battery pack equipped with multiple fire protection mechanisms. The aerosol fire extinguishing device, the side fire sprinkler module and the fire protection plate on the top of the battery compartment form a multi-point and multi-level fire protection system to improve the fire extinguishing capability, while effectively protecting equipment other than the battery pack and minimizing losses.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an on-vehicle battery pack with multiple fire protection mechanisms, comprising:

[0005] A load-bearing frame, wherein a battery management system and a plurality of battery packs are disposed within the load-bearing frame, wherein the battery packs are electrically connected to the battery management system, and wherein the battery packs include a cell mounting housing, wherein an aerosol fire extinguishing device is disposed on a side of the cell mounting housing;

[0006] The side fire sprinkler module includes a high-pressure fire extinguishing agent storage tank, which is connected to a fire extinguishing agent side spraying pipeline. The fire extinguishing agent side spraying pipeline extends from the fire extinguishing agent high-pressure storage tank to the side of the supporting frame. The fire extinguishing agent side spraying pipeline is provided with a plurality of fire extinguishing agent sensing nozzles facing the supporting frame.

[0007] Furthermore, the supporting frame includes an equipment installation compartment and a battery installation compartment. The battery management system is arranged in the equipment installation compartment, and the battery pack is arranged in the battery installation compartment. The equipment installation compartment and the battery installation compartment are isolated from each other by setting a fireproof plate on the top of the battery compartment. The equipment installation compartment is located above the battery installation compartment.

[0008] Furthermore, the fire extinguishing agent high-pressure storage tank stores perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent.

[0009] Furthermore, the fire extinguishing agent sensing nozzle includes a temperature sensing probe and a fire extinguishing agent spray head, the triggering temperature of the temperature sensing probe is ≥170 degrees Celsius, and the temperature sensing probe is electrically connected to the battery management system.

[0010] Furthermore, the fireproof plate on the top of the battery compartment includes, from top to bottom, a heat insulation layer, a fireproof layer and a fire extinguishing pipe layer. The fire extinguishing pipe layer is provided with a top fire extinguishing agent pipeline, and the top fire extinguishing agent pipeline is connected to the fire extinguishing agent side spray pipeline. The fire extinguishing pipe layer is provided with a plurality of top fire extinguishing agent nozzles on the side facing the battery installation compartment, and the top fire extinguishing agent nozzles are connected to the top fire extinguishing agent pipeline.

[0011] Furthermore, the thermal insulation layer is aerogel thermal insulation cotton, and the fireproof layer is mica board.

[0012] Furthermore, a support base is provided at the bottom of the supporting frame, and both the bottom of the supporting frame and the support base adopt a hollow structure. A plurality of vibration isolators are provided between the bottom of the supporting frame and the support base.

[0013] Furthermore, a closed baffle is provided around the outer side of the battery installation compartment, and a top protective frame is fixedly provided on the top of the supporting frame.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] 1. In the solution of the present invention, an aerosol fire extinguishing device is provided on the side of the battery cell mounting shell. When the battery pack catches fire, the aerosol fire extinguishing device can immediately spray the fire extinguishing agent into the battery cell mounting shell through the heat-sensitive wire and the explosion device to perform preliminary fire extinguishing. When the preliminary fire extinguishing fails and an open flame appears outside the battery cell mounting shell, the fire extinguishing agent side spray pipe can spray the fire extinguishing agent to the corresponding battery cell mounting shell through the fire extinguishing agent sensing nozzle to cover the fire extinguishing agent, thereby achieving secondary fire extinguishing and improving the fire extinguishing success rate.

[0016] 2. The equipment installation compartment and the battery installation compartment are isolated by a fireproof panel on the top of the battery compartment. When a fire occurs in the battery installation compartment, the fireproof panel on the top of the battery compartment uses the top fire extinguishing agent nozzle to isolate the fire source from the top. At the same time, the thermal insulation layer and the fireproof layer prevent open flames and high temperatures from invading the equipment installation compartment to the greatest extent. In this way, when the battery pack catches fire, the equipment in the equipment installation compartment can be protected to minimize losses. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle-mounted battery pack with multiple fire protection mechanisms mentioned in the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of an on-board battery pack equipped with multiple fire protection mechanisms;

[0019] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the assembly structure between the load-bearing frame and the support base mentioned in the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the battery pack mentioned in the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fireproof plate on the top of the battery compartment mentioned in the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the fireproof plate on the top of the battery compartment mentioned in the figure;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the side fire sprinkler module mentioned in the present invention.

[0024] In the picture:

[0025] 100, load-bearing frame, 110, battery installation compartment, 120, equipment installation compartment, 130, fireproof plate on top of battery compartment, 131, thermal insulation layer, 132, fireproof layer, 133, fire extinguishing pipeline layer, 134, top fire extinguishing agent pipeline, 135, top fire extinguishing agent nozzle, 140, top protective frame, 150, vibration isolator;

[0026] 200, support base;

[0027] 300, closed baffle;

[0028] 400, battery pack, 410, battery cell mounting housing, 420, aerosol fire extinguishing device;

[0029] 500, side fire sprinkler module, 510, fire extinguishing agent high-pressure storage tank, 520, fire extinguishing agent side sprinkler pipeline, 530, fire extinguishing agent sensing nozzle;

[0030] 600. Battery management system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0032] In the embodiment, the present invention provides a vehicle-mounted battery pack with multiple fire protection mechanisms, which is mainly aimed at the fire protection needs of high-density battery packs under complex working conditions. Through the coordinated work of the multi-level fire extinguishing system, the fire fighting efficiency and safety are significantly improved. Figure 1 ~Attached Figure 3 As shown, it includes a carrying frame 100, a top protective frame 140 is fixedly provided on the top of the carrying frame 100, and the carrying frame 100 is divided into two layers: the upper layer is an equipment installation compartment 120, which is used to install core components such as the battery management system 600 and the charge and discharge module (other components are conventionally set and are not described again); the lower layer is a battery installation compartment 110, which is used to install several battery packs 400, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 4 As shown, the battery pack 400 includes a cell mounting housing 410, and the core energy storage component of the battery pack 400, the battery cell, is mounted in the cell mounting housing 410. The battery cell is also the main location for fire in the battery pack. The battery pack 400 is electrically connected to the battery management system 600.

[0033] The core of this invention is to achieve full-link fire protection from the cell level to the system level through the triple protection of aerosol fire extinguishing, side spraying, and top fireproof board, among which:

[0034] As the first fire extinguishing mechanism, an aerosol fire extinguishing device 420 is installed on the side of the battery cell mounting housing 410. This aerosol fire extinguishing device 420 is a prior art technology that uses a composite thermal aerosol (such as a KNO3 / Sb2O3 system) as a fire extinguishing agent. It directly senses the battery cell temperature through a thermal wire. When an abnormally high temperature is detected (usually ≥170 degrees Celsius), the explosion device is triggered to instantly release the fire extinguishing agent. The injection time is less than 1 second, achieving a millisecond-level response to internal short circuits or thermal runaway in the battery cell. The fire extinguishing agent can penetrate into the gaps between the battery cells to suppress re-ignition.

[0035] The second fire extinguishing mechanism is the side fire sprinkler module 500, as shown in the attached Figure 7As shown, the side fire sprinkler module 500 includes a high-pressure fire extinguishing agent storage tank 510, which is generally installed in the equipment installation warehouse 120 to be away from the fire source. The high-pressure fire extinguishing agent storage tank 510 is connected to a side fire extinguishing agent spraying pipeline 520, which extends from the high-pressure fire extinguishing agent storage tank 510 to the side of the supporting frame 100. The side fire extinguishing agent spraying pipeline 520 is provided with a plurality of fire extinguishing agent sensing nozzles 530 facing the supporting frame 100. The high-pressure fire extinguishing agent storage tank 510 stores perfluorinated Hexanone fire extinguishing agent. The fire extinguishing agent sensing nozzle 530 includes a temperature sensor and a fire extinguishing agent spray head. The trigger temperature of the temperature sensor is ≥170 degrees Celsius. The temperature sensor is electrically connected to the battery management system 600. The battery management system 600 can control the switch of the fire extinguishing agent spray head through mechanisms such as solenoid valves. When the aerosol fire extinguishing device 420 is unable to suppress the fire and the fire burns to the outside of the battery cell mounting housing 410, the temperature sensor senses the high temperature and the system sprays perfluorohexanone atomized droplets at a pressure of 2.5 MPa to cover the entire battery compartment.

[0036] The third fire extinguishing mechanism that works together with the second fire extinguishing mechanism is to achieve upper and lower isolation by setting a fireproof plate 130 on the top of the battery compartment between the equipment installation compartment 120 and the battery installation compartment 110, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 5 , Attachment Figure 6 As shown, the fireproof plate 130 on the top of the battery compartment includes, from top to bottom, a heat insulation layer 131, a fireproof layer 132 and a fire extinguishing pipeline layer 133. In this embodiment, the heat insulation layer 131 is preferably aerogel insulation cotton, and the fireproof layer 132 is preferably a mica board. The fire resistance limit of the mica board is ≥ 2 hours, and it can resist direct burning of 1200°C flames and can significantly isolate open flames. The thermal conductivity of the aerogel insulation cotton is low, which can prevent high temperature from being conducted to the equipment installation compartment 120. This structure can protect other equipment in the equipment installation compartment 120 as much as possible when the battery installation compartment 110 is obviously burning, thereby minimizing losses. At the same time, an expansion sealing strip can be provided on the edge of the fireproof board, which will seal the gap between the equipment compartment and the battery compartment after expanding when heated, and block the smoke and flame from rising. The fire extinguishing pipeline layer 133 is provided with a top fire extinguishing agent pipeline 134, and the top fire extinguishing agent pipeline 134 is connected to the fire extinguishing agent side spray pipeline 520. A plurality of top fire extinguishing agent nozzles 135 are provided on the side of the fire extinguishing pipeline layer 133 facing the battery installation compartment 110, and the top fire extinguishing agent nozzles 135 are connected to the top fire extinguishing agent pipeline 134. The fire extinguishing agent is sprayed downwardly through the top fire extinguishing agent nozzles 135, which complement the fire extinguishing agent side spray pipeline 520 and suppress the fire downward.

[0037] The triple fire extinguishing mechanism provides triple protection from the cell level to the system level, covering the entire life cycle of a fire. Through the linkage of temperature sensing, sprinkler, and monitoring systems, unmanned emergency response is achieved. The aerogel + mica board composite fireproof layer 132 takes into account both lightweight and ultra-high fire resistance.

[0038] In some embodiments, other position structures of the battery pack are also optimized to obtain better usage effects. Among them, a support base 200 is provided at the bottom of the supporting frame 100, and several vibration isolators 150 are provided between the bottom of the supporting frame 100 and the support base 200. The vibration isolators 150 are used to isolate the impact of mechanical vibration on the battery pack 400. The bottom of the supporting frame 100 and the support base 200 both adopt a hollow structure. At the same time, a closed baffle 300 is provided around the outer side of the battery mounting compartment 110. The hollow support base 200 can significantly enhance the heat dissipation capacity. Since a closed baffle 300 is provided around the outer side of the battery mounting compartment 110 and a battery compartment top fireproof plate 130 is provided on the top, when a fire occurs in the battery mounting compartment 110, under the suppression of the top fire extinguishing agent nozzle 135 and the fire extinguishing agent side spray pipe 520, the fire and heat will flow downward. At this time, it is necessary to release from the hollow structure of the bottom of the supporting frame 100 and the support base 200 to avoid excessive internal temperature.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise specified, these directional words do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. The directional words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0040] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art may utilize the above-described technical solutions to modify the present invention or modify them into equivalent technical solutions. Therefore, any simple modification or equivalent replacement based on the technical solutions of the present invention falls within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted battery pack equipped with multiple fire protection mechanisms, characterized in that: include: A carrying frame (100), wherein a battery management system (600) and a plurality of battery packs (400) are arranged in the carrying frame (100), the battery packs (400) are electrically connected to the battery management system (600), the battery packs (400) include a battery cell mounting housing (410), and an aerosol fire extinguishing device (420) is arranged on a side of the battery cell mounting housing (410); The side fire sprinkler module (500) comprises a high-pressure fire extinguishing agent storage tank (510), the high-pressure fire extinguishing agent storage tank (510) being connected to a side fire extinguishing agent spraying pipeline (520), the side fire extinguishing agent spraying pipeline (520) extending from the high-pressure fire extinguishing agent storage tank (510) to the side of the supporting frame (100), and the side fire extinguishing agent spraying pipeline (520) being provided with a plurality of fire extinguishing agent sensing nozzles (530) facing the supporting frame (100).

2. The vehicle-mounted battery pack with multiple fire protection mechanisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting frame (100) includes an equipment installation compartment (120) and a battery installation compartment (110), the battery management system (600) is arranged in the equipment installation compartment (120), and the battery pack (400) is arranged in the battery installation compartment (110), and the equipment installation compartment (120) and the battery installation compartment (110) are isolated from each other by arranging a fireproof plate (130) on the top of the battery compartment, and the equipment installation compartment (120) is located above the battery installation compartment (110).

3. The vehicle-mounted battery pack with multiple fire protection mechanisms according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fire extinguishing agent high-pressure storage tank (510) stores perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent.

4. The vehicle-mounted battery pack with multiple fire protection mechanisms according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fire extinguishing agent sensing nozzle (530) comprises a temperature sensing probe and a fire extinguishing agent spray head, the triggering temperature of the temperature sensing probe being ≥170 degrees Celsius, and the temperature sensing probe being electrically connected to the battery management system (600).

5. The vehicle-mounted battery pack with multiple fire protection mechanisms according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fireproof plate (130) on the top of the battery compartment includes, from top to bottom, a heat insulation layer (131), a fireproof layer (132), and a fire extinguishing pipeline layer (133). The fire extinguishing pipeline layer (133) is provided with a top fire extinguishing agent pipeline (134). The top fire extinguishing agent pipeline (134) is connected to the fire extinguishing agent side spray pipeline (520). The fire extinguishing pipeline layer (133) is provided with a plurality of top fire extinguishing agent nozzles (135) on the side facing the battery installation compartment (110). The top fire extinguishing agent nozzles (135) are connected to the top fire extinguishing agent pipeline (134).

6. The vehicle-mounted battery pack with multiple fire protection mechanisms according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heat insulation layer (131) is aerogel heat insulation cotton, and the fireproof layer (132) is a mica board.

7. The vehicle-mounted battery pack with multiple fire protection mechanisms according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that: A support base (200) is provided at the bottom of the load-bearing frame (100), and both the bottom of the load-bearing frame (100) and the support base (200) adopt a hollow structure. A plurality of vibration isolators (150) are provided between the bottom of the load-bearing frame (100) and the support base (200).

8. The vehicle-mounted battery pack with multiple fire protection mechanisms according to claim 7, characterized in that: A closed baffle (300) is provided around the outer side of the battery installation compartment (110), and a top protective frame (140) is fixedly provided on the top of the supporting frame (100).

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